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• Transitioning from FlexBuilder 3 to FlashBuilder 4 ... there and back again.

  - by Robusto

  It's growing pains time again. Some of our stuff requires FlashBuilder 4 and some still requires FlexBuilder 3. Both are installed OK, and no projects use both IDEs. The trouble is, when I go back to work on a FlexBuilder 3 project it takes freakin' forever to build and I get weird errors like these: This doesn't seem to cause any identifiable problems except to throw up a modal dialog at various points in the build process, forcing user interaction. But I do notice that memory fills up fast in FB3 and generally FB3 starts behaving strangely and ultimately quits once it gets up over 700MB. This is only a temporary bridge situation until we get all projects into FB4, but "temporary" could mean weeks if not months. Does anyone have any advice for how to get through this bridge period? Is there anything I can do to make these two IDEs work and play well together? Failing that, does anyone know what "java.lang.String" is the "reason" for the problem? Does Eclipse have a resource bundle somewhere that is getting corrupted when i go back and forth between the two?

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• Computing "average" of two colors

  - by Francisco P.

  This is only marginally programming related - has much more to do w/ colors and their representation. I am working on a very low level app. I have an array of bytes in memory. Those are characters. They were rendered with anti-aliasing: they have values from 0 to 255, 0 being fully transparent and 255 totally opaque (alpha, if you wish). I am having trouble conceiving an algorithm for the rendering of this font. I'm doing the following for each pixel: // intensity is the weight I talked about: 0 to 255 intensity = glyphs[text[i]][x + GLYPH_WIDTH*y]; if (intensity == 255) continue; // Don't draw it, fully transparent else if (intensity == 0) setPixel(x + xi, y + yi, color, base); // Fully opaque, can draw original color else { // Here's the tricky part // Get the pixel in the destination for averaging purposes pixel = getPixel(x + xi, y + yi, base); // transfer is an int for calculations transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.red + (float) pixel.red)/2); // This is my attempt at averaging newPixel.red = (Byte) transfer; transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.green + (float) pixel.green)/2); newPixel.green = (Byte) transfer; // transfer = (int) ((float) ((float) 255.0 - (float) intensity)/255.0 * (((float) color.blue) + (float) pixel.blue)/2); transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.blue + (float) pixel.blue)/2); newPixel.blue = (Byte) transfer; // Set the newpixel in the desired mem. position setPixel(x+xi, y+yi, newPixel, base); } The results, as you can see, are less than desirable. That is a very zoomed in image, at 1:1 scale it looks like the text has a green "aura". Any idea for how to properly compute this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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• Why execution of a portion of code loaded from external file is not halted by the OS?

  - by menjaraz

  I've harnessed a project released on internet a long time ago. Here comes the details, all irrelevant things being stripped off for sake of concision and clarity. A binary file whose content is descibed below HEX DUMP: 55 89 E5 83 EC 08 C7 45 FC 00 00 00 00 8B 45 FC 3B 45 10 72 02 EB 19 8B 45 FC 8B 55 0C 01 C2 8B 45 FC 03 45 08 8A 00 88 02 8D 45 FC FF 00 EB DD C6 45 FA 00 83 7D 10 01 76 6C 80 7D FA 00 74 02 EB 64 C6 45 FA 01 C7 45 FC 00 00 00 00 8B 45 10 48 39 45 FC 72 02 EB E2 8B 45 FC 8B 4D 0C 01 C1 8B 45 FC 03 45 0C 8D 50 01 8A 01 3A 02 73 30 8B 45 FC 03 45 0C 8A 00 88 45 FB 8B 45 FC 8B 55 0C 01 C2 8B 45 FC 03 45 0C 40 8A 00 88 02 8B 45 FC 03 45 0C 8D 50 01 8A 45 FB 88 02 C6 45 FA 00 8D 45 FC FF 00 EB A7 C9 C2 0C 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 is loaded into memory and executed using the following method snippet var MySrcArray, MyDestArray: array [1 .. 15] of Byte; // ... MyBuffer: Pointer; TheProc: procedure; SortIt: procedure(ASrc, ADest: Pointer; ASize: LongWord); stdcall; begin // Initialization of MySrcArray with random Bytes and display here ... // Instructions of loading of the binary file into MyBuffer using merely **GetMem** here ... @SortIt := MyBuffer; try SortIt(@MySrcArray, @MyDestArray, 15); // Display of MyDestArray (The outcome of the processing !) except // Invalid code error handling end; // Cleaning code here ... end; works like a charm on my box. My Question: How comes it works without using VirtualAlloc and/or VirtualProtect?

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• How do I store a string longer than 4000 characters in an Oracle Database using Java/JDBC?

  - by Ventrue

  I’m not sure how to use Java/JDBC to insert a very long string into an Oracle database. I have a String which is greater than 4000 characters, lets say it’s 6000. I want to take this string and store it in an Oracle database. The way to do this seems to be with the CLOB datatype. Okay, so I declared the column as description CLOB. Now, when it comes time to actually insert the data, I have a prepared statement pstmt. It looks like pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(“INSERT INTO Table VALUES(?)”). So I want to use the method pstmt.setClob(). However, I don’t know how to create a Clob object with my String in it; there’s no constructor (presumably because it can be potentially much larger than available memory). How do I put my String into a Clob? Keep in mind I’m not a very experienced programmer; please try to keep the explanations as simple as possible. Efficiency, good practices, etc. are not a concern here, I just want the absolute easiest solution. I’d like to avoid downloading other packages if it all possible; right now I’m just using JDK 1.4 and what is labelled “ojdbc14.jar”. I've looked around a bit but I haven't been able to follow any of the explanations I've found. If you have a solution that doesn’t use Clobs, I’d be open to that as well, but it has to be one column.

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• How to extract block of XML from a log file on Linux

  - by dragonmantank

  I have a log file that looks like the following: 2010-05-12 12:23:45 Some sort of log entry 2010-05-12 01:45:12 Request XML: <RootTag> <Element>Value</Element> <Element>Another Value</Element> </RootTag> 2010-05-12 01:45:32 Response XML: <ResponseRoot> <Element>Value</Element> </ResponseRoot> 2010-05-12 01:45:49 Another log entry What I want to do is extract the Request and Response XML (and ultimately dump them into their own single files). I had a similar parser that used egrep but the XML was all on one line, not multiple ones like above. The log files are also somewhat large, hitting 500-600 megs a log. Smaller logs I would read in via a PHP script and use regex matching, but the amount of memory required for such a large file would more than likely kill the script. Is there an easy way using the built-in tools on a Linux box (CentOS in this case) to extract multiple lines or am I going to have to bite the bullet and use Perl or PHP to read in the entire file to extract it?

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• What's the best way to retrieve two pieces of data from an XML file?

  - by Morinar

  I've got an XML document that is in either a pre or post FO transformed state that I need to extract some information from. In the pre-case, I need to pull out two tags that represent the pageWidth and pageHeight and in the post case I need to extract the page-height and page-width parameters from a specific tag (I forget which one it is off the top of my head). What I'm looking for is an efficient/easily maintainable way to grab these two elements. I'd like to only read the document a single time fetching the two things I need. I initially started writing something that would use BufferedReader + FileReader, but then I'm doing string searching and it gets messy when the tags span multiple lines. I then looked at the DOMParser, which seems like it would be ideal, but I don't want to have to read the entire file into memory if I could help it as the files could potentially be large and the tags I'm looking for will nearly always be close to the top of the file. I then looked into SAXParser, but that seems like a big pile of complicated overkill for what I'm trying to accomplish. Anybody have any advice? Or simple implementations that would accomplish my goal? Thanks.

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• Float compile-time calculation not happening?

  - by Klaim

  A little test program: #include <iostream> const float TEST_FLOAT = 1/60; const float TEST_A = 1; const float TEST_B = 60; const float TEST_C = TEST_A / TEST_B; int main() { std::cout << TEST_FLOAT << std::endl; std::cout << TEST_C << std::endl; std::cin.ignore(); return 0; } Result : 0 0.0166667 Tested on Visual Studio 2008 & 2010. I worked on other compilers that, if I remember well, made the first result like the second result. Now my memory could be wrong, but shouldn't TEST_FLOAT have the same value than TEST_C? If not, why? Is TEST_C value resolved at compile time or at runtime? I always assumed the former but now that I see those results I have some doubts...

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• Elegant way of parsing Data files for Simulation

  - by sc_ray

  I am working on this project where I need to read in a lot of data from .dat files and use the data to perform simulations. The data in my .dat file looks as follows: DeviceID InteractingDeviceID InteractionStartTime InteractionEndTime 1 2 1101 1105 1,2 1101 and 1105 are tab delimited and it means Device 1 interacted with Device 2 at 1101 ms and ended the interaction at 1105ms. I have a trace data sets that compile thousands of such interactions and my job is to analyze these interactions. The first step is to parse the file. The language of choice is C++. The approach I was thinking of taking was to read the file, for every line that's read create a Device Object. This Device object will contain the property DeviceId and an array/vector of structs, that will contain a list of all the devices the given DeviceId interacted with over the course of the simulation.The struct will contain the Interacting Device Id, Interaction Start Time and Interaction End Time. I have a two fold question here: Is my approach correct? If I am on the right track, how do I rapidly parse these tab delimited data files and create Device objects without excessive memory overhead using C++? A push in the right direction will be much appreciated. Thanks

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• How to find Tomcat's PID and kill it in python?

  - by 4herpsand7derpsago

  Normally, one shuts down Apache Tomcat by running its shutdown.sh script (or batch file). In some cases, such as when Tomcat's web container is hosting a web app that does some crazy things with multi-threading, running shutdown.sh gracefully shuts down some parts of Tomcat (as I can see more available memory returning to the system), but the Tomcat process keeps running. I'm trying to write a simple Python script that: Calls shutdown.sh Runs ps -aef | grep tomcat to find any process with Tomcat referenced If applicable, kills the process with kill -9 <PID> Here's what I've got so far (as a prototype - I'm brand new to Python BTW): #!/usr/bin/python # Imports import sys import subprocess # Load from imported module. if __init__ == "__main__": main() # Main entry point. def main(): # Shutdown Tomcat shutdownCmd = "sh ${TOMCAT_HOME}/bin/shutdown.sh" subprocess.call([shutdownCmd], shell=true) # Check for PID grepCmd = "ps -aef | grep tomcat" grepResults = subprocess.call([grepCmd], shell=true) if(grepResult.length > 1): # Get PID and kill it. pid = ??? killPidCmd = "kill -9 $pid" subprocess.call([killPidCmd], shell=true) # Exit. sys.exit() I'm struggling with the middle part - with obtaining the grep results, checking to see if their size is greater than 1 (since grep always returns a reference to itself, at least 1 result will always be returned, methinks), and then parsing that returned PID and passing it into the killPidCmd. Thanks in advance!

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• Getting a nicely formatted timestamp without lots of overhead?

  - by Brad Hein

  In my app I have a textView which contains real-time messages from my app, as things happen, messages get printed to this text box. Each message is time-stamped with HH:MM:SS. Up to now, I had also been chasing what seemed to be a memory leak, but as it turns out, it's just my time-stamp formatting method (see below), It apparently produces thousands of objects that later get gc'd. For 1-10 messages per second, I was seeing 500k-2MB of garbage collected every second by the GC while this method was in place. After removing it, no more garbage problem (its back to a nice interval of about 30 seconds, and only a few k of junk typically) So I'm looking for a new, more lightweight method for producing a HH:MM:SS timestamp string :) Old code: /** * Returns a string containing the current time stamp. * @return - a string. */ public static String currentTimeStamp() { String ret = ""; Date d = new Date(); SimpleDateFormat timeStampFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss"); ret = timeStampFormatter.format(d); return ret; }

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• OpenGL equivalent of GDI's HatchBrush or PatternBrush?

  - by Ptah- Opener of the Mouth

  I have a VB6 application (please don't laugh) which does a lot of drawing via BitBlt and the standard VB6 drawing functions. I am running up against performance issues (yes, I do the regular tricks like drawing to memory). So, I decided to investigate other ways of drawing, and have come upon OpenGL. I've been doing some experimenting, and it seems straightforward to do most of what I want; the application mostly only uses very simple drawing -- relatively large 2D rectangles of solid colors and such -- but I haven't been able to find an equivalent to something like a HatchBrush or PatternBrush. More specifically, I want to be able to specify a small monochrome pixel pattern, choose a color, and whenever I draw a polygon (or whatever), instead of it being solid, have it automatically tiled with that pattern, not translated or rotated or skewed or stretched, with the "on" bits of the pattern showing up in the specified color, and the "off" bits of the pattern left displaying whatever had been drawn under the area that I am now drawing on. Obviously I could do all the calculations myself. That is, instead of drawing as a polygon which will somehow automatically be tiled for me, I could calculate all of the lines or pixels or whatever that actually need to be drawn, then draw them as lines or pixels or whatever. But is there an easier way? Like in GDI, where you just say "draw this polygon using this brush"? I am guessing that "textures" might be able to accomplish what I want, but it's not clear to me (I'm totally new to this and the documentation I've found is not entirely obvious); it seems like textures might skew or translate or stretch the pattern, based upon the vertices of the polygon? Whereas I want the pattern tiled. Is there a way to do this, or something like it, other than brute force calculation of exactly the pixels/lines/whatever that need to be drawn? Thanks in advance for any help.

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• How can I improve the performance of this double-for print?

  - by Florenc

  I have the following static method that prints the data imported from a 40.000 lines .xls spreadsheet. Now, it takes about 27 seconds to print the data in the console and the memory consumption is huge. import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*; public static void printSheetData(List<List<HSSFCell>> sheetData) { for (int i = 0; i < sheetData.size(); i++) { List<HSSFCell> list = (List<HSSFCell>) sheetData.get(i); for (int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) { HSSFCell cell = (HSSFCell) list.get(j); System.out.print(cell.toString()); if (j < list.size() - 1) { System.out.print(", "); } } System.out.println(""); } } Disclaimer: I know, I know large data belong to a database, don't print output in the console, premature optimization is the root of all evils...

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• Is there a way to programatically check dependencies of an EXE?

  - by Mason Wheeler

  I've got a certain project that I build and distribute to users. I have two build configurations, Debug and Release. Debug, obviously, is for my use in debugging, but there's an additional wrinkle: the Debug configuration uses a special debugging memory manager, with a dependency on an external DLL. There's been a few times when I've accidentally built and distributed an installer package with the Debug configuration, and it's then failed to run once installed because the users don't have the special DLL. I'd like to be able to keep that from happening in the future. I know I can get the dependencies in a program by running Dependency Walker, but I'm looking for a way to do it programatically. Specifically, I have a way to run scripts while creating the installer, and I want something I can put in the installer script to check the program and see if it has a dependency on this DLL, and if so, cause the installer-creation process to fail with an error. I know how to create a simple CLI program that would take two filenames as parameters, and could run a DependsOn function and create output based on the result of it, but I don't know what to put in the DependsOn function. Does anyone know how I'd go about writing it?

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• Interface for reading variable length files with header and footer.

  - by John S

  I could use some hints or tips for a decent interface for reading file of special characteristics. The files in question has a header (~120 bytes), a body (1 byte - 3gb) and a footer (4 bytes). The header contains information about the body and the footer is only a simple CRC32-value of the body. I use Java so my idea was to extend the "InputStream" class and add a constructor such as "public MyInStream( InputStream in)" where I immediately read the header and the direct the overridden read()'s the body. Problem is, I can't give the user of the class the CRC32-value until the whole body has been read. Because the file can be 3gb large, putting it all in memory is a be an idea. Reading it all in to a temporary file is going to be a performance hit if there are many small files. I don't know how large the file is because the InputStream doesn't have to be a file, it could be a socket. Looking at it again, maybe extending InputStream is a bad idea. Thank you for reading the confused thoughts of a tired programmer. :)

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• How can I SETF an element in a tree by an accessor?

  - by Willi Ballenthin

  We've been using Lisp in my AI course. The assignments I've received have involved searching and generating tree-like structures. For each assignment, I've ended up writing something like: (defun initial-state () (list 0 ; score nil ; children 0 ; value 0)) ; something else and building my functions around these "states", which are really just nested lists with some loosely defined structure. To make the structure more rigid, I've tried to write accessors, such as: (defun state-score ( state ) (nth 2 state)) This works for reading the value (which should be all I need to do in a nicely functional world. However, as time crunches, and I start to madly hack, sometimes I want a mutable structure). I don't seem to be able to SETF the returned ...thing (place? value? pointer?). I get an error with something like: (setf (state-score *state*) 10) Sometimes I seem to have a little more luck writing the accessor/mutator as a macro: (defmacro state-score ( state ) `(nth 2 ,state)) However I don't know why this should be a macro, so I certainly shouldn't write it as a macro (except that sometimes it works. Programming by coincidence is bad). What is an appropriate strategy to build up such structures? More importantly, where can I learn about whats going on here (what operations affect the memory in what way)?

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• Accessing Members of Containing Objects from Contained Objects.

  - by Bunkai.Satori

  If I have several levels of object containment (one object defines and instantiates another object which define and instantiate another object..), is it possible to get access to upper, containing - object variables and functions, please? Example: class CObjectOne { public: CObjectOne::CObjectOne() { Create(); }; void Create(); std::vector<ObjectTwo>vObejctsTwo; int nVariableOne; } bool CObjectOne::Create() { CObjectTwo ObjectTwo(this); vObjectsTwo.push_back(ObjectTwo); } class CObjectTwo { public: CObjectTwo::CObjectTwo(CObjectOne* pObject) { pObjectOne = pObject; Create(); }; void Create(); CObjectOne* GetObjectOne(){return pObjectOne;}; std::vector<CObjectTrhee>vObjectsTrhee; CObjectOne* pObjectOne; int nVariableTwo; } bool CObjectTwo::Create() { CObjectThree ObjectThree(this); vObjectsThree.push_back(ObjectThree); } class CObjectThree { public: CObjectThree::CObjectThree(CObjectTwo* pObject) { pObjectTwo = pObject; Create(); }; void Create(); CObjectTwo* GetObjectTwo(){return pObjectTwo;}; std::vector<CObjectsFour>vObjectsFour; CObjectTwo* pObjectTwo; int nVariableThree; } bool CObjectThree::Create() { CObjectFour ObjectFour(this); vObjectsFour.push_back(ObjectFour); } main() { CObjectOne myObject1; } Say, that from within CObjectThree I need to access nVariableOne in CObjectOne. I would like to do it as follows: int nValue = vObjectThree[index].GetObjectTwo()->GetObjectOne()->nVariable1; However, after compiling and running my application, I get Memory Access Violation error. What is wrong with the code above(it is example, and might contain spelling mistakes)? Do I have to create the objects dynamically instead of statically? Is there any other way how to achieve variables stored in containing objects from withing contained objects?

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• PHP in Wordpress Posts - Is this okay?

  - by Thomas

  I've been working with some long lists of information and I've come up with a good way to post it in various formats on my wordpress blog posts. I installed the exec-PHP plugin, which allows you to run php in posts. I then created a new table (NEWTABLE) in my wordpress database and filled that table with names, scores, and other stuff. I was then able to use some pretty simple code to display the information in a wordpress post. Below is an example, but you could really do whatever you wanted. My question is - is there a problem with doing this? with security? or memory? I could just type out all the information in each post, but this is really much nicer. Any thoughts are appreciated. <?php $theResult = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM NEWTABLE WHERE Score < 100 ORDER BY LastName"); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($theResult)) { echo $row['FirstName']; echo " " . $row['LastName']; echo " " . $row['Score']; echo "<br />"; } ?>

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• how to implement a sparse_vector class

  - by Neil G

  I am implementing a templated sparse_vector class. It's like a vector, but it only stores elements that are different from their default constructed value. So, sparse_vector would store the index-value pairs for all indices whose value is not T(). I am basing my implementation on existing sparse vectors in numeric libraries-- though mine will handle non-numeric types T as well. I looked at boost::numeric::ublas::coordinate_vector and eigen::SparseVector. Both store: size_t* indices_; // a dynamic array T* values_; // a dynamic array int size_; int capacity_; Why don't they simply use vector<pair<size_t, T>> data_; My main question is what are the pros and cons of both systems, and which is ultimately better? The vector of pairs manages size_ and capacity_ for you, and simplifies the accompanying iterator classes; it also has one memory block instead of two, so it incurs half the reallocations, and might have better locality of reference. The other solution might search more quickly since the cache lines fill up with only index data during a search. There might also be some alignment advantages if T is an 8-byte type? It seems to me that vector of pairs is the better solution, yet both containers chose the other solution. Why?

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• How to accommodate for the iPhone 4 screen resolution?

  - by dontWatchMyProfile

  This is a programming question! Read on before you vote to close! According to Apple, the iPhone 4 has a new and better screen resolution: 3.5-inch (diagonal) widescreen Multi-Touch display 960-by-640-pixel resolution at 326 ppi This little detail affects our apps in a heavy way. Most of the demo apps on the net have one thing in common: They position views in the believe that the screen has a fixed size of 320 x 480 pixels. So what most -if not all- developers do is: They designed everything in such a way, that a touchable area is -for example- 50 x 50 pixels big. Just enough to tap it. Things have been positioned relative to the upper left, to reach a specific position on screen - let's say the center, or somewhere at the bottom. Edit: It seems Apple has integrated an switch that allows to tell if an app is highRes or not. Nice. When we develop high-resolution apps, they probably won't work on older devices. And if they do, they would suffer a lot from 4-times the size of any image, having to scale them down in memory.

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• c++ function scope

  - by Myx

  I have a main function in A.cpp which has the following relevant two lines of code: B definition(input_file); definition.Print(); In B.h I have the following relevant lines of code: class B { public: // Constructors B(void); B(const char *filename); ~B(void); // File input int ParseLSFile(const char *filename); // Debugging void Print(void); // Data int var1; double var2; vector<char* > var3; map<char*, vector<char* > > var4; } In B.cpp, I have the following function signatures (sorry for being redundant): B::B(void) : var1(-1), var2(numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) { } B::B(const char *filename) { B *def = new B(); def->ParseLSFile(filename); } B::~B(void) { // Free memory for var3 and var 4 } int B::ParseLSFile(const char *filename) { // assign var1, var2, var3, and var4 values } void B::Print(void) { // print contents of var1, var2, var3, and var4 to stdout } So when I call Print() from within B::ParseLSFile(...), then the contents of my structures print correctly to stdout. However, when I call definition.Print() from A.cpp, my structures are empty or contain garbage. Can anyone recommend the correct way to initialize/pass my structures so that I can access them outside of the scope of my function definition? Thanks.

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• PHP GD imagecreatefromstring discards transparency

  - by meustrus

  I've been trying to get transparency to work with my application (which dynamically resizes images before storing them) and I think I've finally narrowed down the problem after much misdirection about imagealphablending and imagesavealpha. The source image is never loaded with proper transparency! // With this line, the output image has no transparency (where it should be // transparent, colors bleed out randomly or it's completely black, depending // on the image) $img = imagecreatefromstring($fileData); // With this line, it works as expected. $img = imagecreatefrompng($fileName); // Blah blah blah, lots of image resize code into $img2 goes here; I finally // tried just outputting $img instead. header('Content-Type: image/png'); imagealphablending($img, FALSE); imagesavealpha($img, TRUE); imagepng($img); imagedestroy($img); It would be some serious architectural difficulty to load the image from a file; this code is being used with a JSON API that gets queried from an iPhone app, and it's easier in this case (and more consistent) to upload images as base64-encoded strings in the POST data. Do I absolutely need to somehow store the image as a file (just so that PHP can load it into memory again)? Is there maybe a way to create a Stream from $fileData that can be passed to imagecreatefrompng?

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• Segmentation in Linux : Segmentation & Paging are redundant?

  - by claws

  Hello, I'm reading "Understanding Linux Kernel". This is the snippet that explains how Linux uses Segmentation which I didn't understand. Segmentation has been included in 80 x 86 microprocessors to encourage programmers to split their applications into logically related entities, such as subroutines or global and local data areas. However, Linux uses segmentation in a very limited way. In fact, segmentation and paging are somewhat redundant, because both can be used to separate the physical address spaces of processes: segmentation can assign a different linear address space to each process, while paging can map the same linear address space into different physical address spaces. Linux prefers paging to segmentation for the following reasons: Memory management is simpler when all processes use the same segment register values that is, when they share the same set of linear addresses. One of the design objectives of Linux is portability to a wide range of architectures; RISC architectures in particular have limited support for segmentation. All Linux processes running in User Mode use the same pair of segments to address instructions and data. These segments are called user code segment and user data segment , respectively. Similarly, all Linux processes running in Kernel Mode use the same pair of segments to address instructions and data: they are called kernel code segment and kernel data segment , respectively. Table 2-3 shows the values of the Segment Descriptor fields for these four crucial segments. I'm unable to understand 1st and last paragraph.

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• How memset initializes an array of integers by -1?

  - by haccks

  The manpage says about memset: #include <string.h> void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n) The memset() function fills the first n bytes of the memory area pointed to by s with the constant byte c. It is clear that memset can't be used to initialize int array as shown below: int a[10]; memset(a, 1, sizeof(a)); it is because int is represented by 4 bytes (say) and one can not get the desired value for the integers in array a. But I often see the programmers use memset to set the int array elements to either 0 or -1. int a[10]; int b[10]; memset(a, 0, sizeof(a)); memset(b, -1, sizeof(b)); As per my understanding, initializing with integer 0 is OK because 0 can be represented in 1 byte (may be I am wrong in this context). But how it is possible to initialize b with -1 (a 4 bytes value)?

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• SIGABRT on iPhone when changing xib

  - by Boz

  I've just finished off an app for the iPhone which, until today, ran fine on the iPhone simulator and actual devices. I tried changing the xib which is loaded in the applicationDidFinishLaunching method in my application delegate class - all I did was change the string in initWithNibName. When I launch the app on the simulator, the Default.png image is shown, then the app crashes with an uncaught exception. When running on a device, the Default.png image is shown for about 10 seconds, the UI is never loaded and I get 'GDB: Program received signal: "SIGABRT".' on the Xcode status bar. Debugging shows that applicationDidFinishLaunching is never actually reached before the app crashes. Setting the starting xib back to the original solves the issue, but now I've made a change and saved it in the Interface Builder and the app shows the same issues as above - I've made no code changes at all. Is this a memory issue, or a known issue of a common mistake? NOTE: I've made no code changes whatsoever, and the only changes I've made to the xib are cosmetic, the IBOutlets are all intact.

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• Doubts about .NET Garbage Collector

  - by Smjert

  I've read some docs about the .NET Garbage Collector but i still have some doubts (examples in C#): 1)Does GC.Collect() call a partial or a full collection? 2)Does a partial collection block the execution of the "victim" application? If yes.. then i suppose this is a very "light" things to do since i'm running a game server that uses 2-3GB of memory and i "never" have execution stops (or i can't see them..). 3)I've read about GC roots but still can't understand how exactly they works. Suppose that this is the code (C#): MyClass1: [...] public List<MyClass2> classList = new List<MyClass2>(); [...] Main: main() { MyClass1 a = new MyClass1(); MyClass2 b = new MyClass2(); a.classList.Add(b); b = null; DoSomeLongWork(); } Will b ever be eligible to be garbage collected(before the DoSomeLongWork finishes)? The reference to b that classList contains, can it be considered a root? Or a root is only the first reference to the instance? (i mean, b is the root reference because the instantiation happens there).

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