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• Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

  - by ewwhite

  Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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• What's the best way to run Drupal and Django sites behind the same Varnish server?

  - by Alexis Bellido

  I have a high traffic website running with Drupal and Apache, five web servers behind a Varnish server load balancing. Let's say this site is example.com. I'm using five backends and a director like this in my default.vcl: director balancer round-robin { { .backend = web1; } { .backend = web2; } { .backend = web3; } { .backend = web4; } { .backend = web5; } } Now I'm working on a new Django project that will be a new section of this site running on example.com/new-section. After checking the documentation I found I can do something like this: sub vcl_recv { if (req.url ~ "^/new-section/") { set req.backend = newbackend; } else { set req.backend = default; } } That is, using a different backend for a subdirectory /new-section under the same domain. My question is, how do I make something like this work with my director and load balancing setup? I'm probably going to run two or more web servers (backends) with my new Django project, each one with a mix of Gunicorn, Nginx, and a few Python packages, and would like to put all of those in their own Varnish director to load balance. Is it possible to do use the above approach to decide which director to use?, like this: sub vcl_recv { if (req.url ~ "^/new-section/") { set req.director = newdirector; } else { set req.director = balancer; } } All suggestions welcome. Thanks!

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• pfSense router on a LAN with two gateways

  - by JohnCC

  I have a LAN with an ADSL modem/router on it. We have just gained an alternative high-speed internet connection at our location, and I want to connect the LAN to it, eventually dropping the ADSL. I've chosen to use a small PFSense box to connect the LAN to the new WAN connection. Two servers on the LAN run services accessible to the outside via NAT using the single ADSL WAN IP. We have DNS records which point to this IP. I want to do the same via the new connection, using the WAN IP there. That connection permits multiple IPs, so I have configured pfSense using virtual IP's, 1:1 NAT and appropriate firewall rules. When I change the servers' default gateway settings to the pfSense box, I can access the services via the new WAN IPs without a problem. However, I can no longer access them via the old WAN IP. If I set the servers' default gateway back to the ADSL router, then the opposite is true - I can access the services via the ADSL IP, but not via the new one. In the first case, I believe this is because an incoming SYN packet arrives at the ADSL WAN IP, and is NAT'd and sent to the internal IP of the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK which it sends via its default gateway, the pfSense box. The pfSense box sees a SYN/ACK that it saw no SYN for and drops the packet. Is there any sensible way around this? I would like the services to be accessible via both IPs for a short period at least, since once I change the DNS it will take a while before everyone picks up the new address.

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• Why does redis report limit of 1024 files even after update to limits.conf?

  - by esilver

  I see this error at the top of my redis.log file: Current maximum open files is 1024. maxclients has been reduced to 4064 to compensate for low ulimit. I have followed these steps to the letter (and rebooted): Moreover, I see this when I run ulimit: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ulimit -n 65535 Is this error specious? If not, what other steps do I need to perform? I am running redis 2.8.13 (tip of the tree) on Ubuntu LTS 14.04.1 (again, tip of the tree). Here is the user info: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ps aux | grep redis root 1027 0.0 0.0 66328 2112 ? Ss 20:30 0:00 sudo -u ubuntu /usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf ubuntu 1107 19.2 48.8 7629152 7531552 ? Sl 20:30 2:21 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379 The server is therefore running as ubuntu. Here are my limits.conf file without comments: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf | sed '/^#/d;/^$/d' ubuntu soft nofile 65535 ubuntu hard nofile 65535 root soft nofile 65535 root hard nofile 65535 And here is the output of sysctl fs.file-max: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_hardlinks' sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_symlinks' fs.file-max = 1528687 sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.cad_pid' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.bset' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.inheritable' sysctl: permission denied on key 'net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen_key' as sudo ubuntu@ip-10-102-154-226:~$ sudo sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max fs.file-max = 1528687 Also, I see this error at the top of the redis.log file, not sure if it's related. It makes sense that the ubuntu user isn't allowed to change max open files, but given the high ulimits I have tried to set he shouldn't need to: [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # You requested maxclients of 10000 requiring at least 10032 max file descriptors. [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # Redis can't set maximum open files to 10032 because of OS error: Operation not permitted.

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• Maximum limit of filepointer in php reached and not changeable

  - by mlaug

  I have a server with the current 5.3.x version installed. Since we are running a really simple and small server in php using sockets, that connects to a lot clients using sockets we need to raise the open file limit that has been already done on the server for the user, that runs the server #ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 29879 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 8192 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 29879 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited and we compiled php with --enable-fd-setsize=8192 still we are getting [19-Nov-2012 09:24:23 Europe/Berlin] PHP Warning: socket_select(): You MUST recompile PHP with a larger value of FD_SETSIZE. It is set to 1024, but you have descriptors numbered at least as high as 1024. --enable-fd-setsize=2048 is recommended, but you may want to set it to equal the maximum number of open files supported by your system, in order to avoid seeing this error again at a later date. once in a while in our logs. Anyone knows who to configure the unix server and php correctly to have that working? I found a bug, but that is related to 2006 and marked as "not a bug" https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37025&edit=1

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• What am I doing wrong in my config for MySql?

  - by Knight Hawk3

  When I load my my.conf with the config at the bottom Mysql fails to start and prints no errors. I am running Arch Linux (Updated) with the latest MySQL (5.5) and the latest nginx (Well latest in the repository, Not sure how to check. Only installed it today) I will give you any info you ask for. Thanks for helping! # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock skip-locking key_buffer = 16K max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 4 sort_buffer_size = 64K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K net_buffer_length = 2K thread_stack = 64K # Don’t listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (using the “enable-named-pipe” option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking server-id = 1 # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are NOT using BDB tables skip-bdb # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ #innodb_log_arch_dir = /var/lib/mysql/ # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 – 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 skip-innodb [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 1M sort_buffer_size = 1M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 1M sort_buffer_size = 1M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout So what is my silly error?

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• Debian - starting UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) before network interfaces are operational

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  I want to install UFW on Debian Lenny. Everything looks straightforward except that I don't know where to plug UFW startup script so that it configures iptables before hax0rs can break in. I've reviewed runlevel directories and in /etc/rc0.d, /etc/rc6.d and /etc/rcS.d there are items like these: S35networking -> ../init.d/networking S36ifupdown -> ../init.d/ifupdown Runlevel 0 and 6 are for shutdown and reboot so I guess nothing should be changed there, but runlevel S advertises itself (in README) like something for me: The scripts in this directory whose names begin with an 'S' are executed once when booting the system, even when booting directly into single user mode. The following sequence points are defined at this time: * After the S40 scripts have executed, all local file systems are mounted and networking is available. All device drivers have been initialized. (What bothers me is that both rc0/6.d and rcS.d point to the same networking and ifupdown scripts, but after looking at sources I believe those scripts are smart enough to figure out where to start and where to stop networking.) Now, I think that I should plug my /lib/ufw/ufw-init into /etc/rcS.d, with priority higher that the one of ifupdown and networking, i.e. <= 38 for my /etc/rcS.d. Am I right in this "analysis" ?

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• Windows 2012 RDS Temporary profile for Administrator

  - by Fabio

  I've configured a Windows 2012 RDS Farm with two virtual servers (VMWare - each one on a different ESX server). Both servers have Licensing, Web Access, Gateway, Connection Broker and Session Host roles. High Availability is set up and it works fine. Remote Apps are working and even Windows XP clients have access to the web interface. User profile path is \vmfiles1\UserProfileDisks\App\ and almost everyone has full right access to it. The problem I have is that I would like to be able to access both servers at the same time with the Administrator account (console), but each time I try, the second server that I logon to give me access with a temporary profile. I tried to enable/disable multiple sessions per user and forced Admin logoff with the GPO but nothing changed. Another thing is that the server pool is not saved, so each time I restart the RDS server or I logoff from it, I have to add a server in the server manager. Do you have any idea? Sorry if my english is not perfect.

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• Wastage of resources in Virtualization

  - by Sabeen Malik

  I have asked this question on SO, but was suggested that i ask it here on SF, so here it goes. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3010753/wastage-of-resources-in-virtualization I am not sure if this is the right place to ask the question. However i hope it is. When looking for a VPS earlier today, I was trying to understand how each container would work in the background. Keeping in mind the fact that the operating system uses most of the memory and power on a system, wouldn't having multiple operating systems in the same machine mean more wastage of resources. For instance if i was running centOS on a dedicated box and it was running lets say 20 background OS level processes. Then i go and install a virtualization platform and install 5 more centOS virtual machines in the same system which are exactly the same as the host operating system. Doesn't this mean duplication of those 20 processes 6 times? So internally the context switching is happening between 120 processes instead of 20? Further Notes: Here is an example of what i am thinking: I have a master-slave configuration for a long running, cpu + memory intensive process, which can be distributed to 4 machines. Lets say when the process runs on these 4 machines with lets say 1 Gh CPU and 1 Gig RAM, i get 400 results per hour from the cluster (assuming 100 results from one machine) . Now i get a bigger machine ( lets say 4Gh and 4 Gig RAM), have 4 virtual hosts on it with 1 Gz CPU and 1 Gig RAM. Will this configuration give me the same 4 results per hour from these 4 virtual hosts?

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• What is the best way/Software to manage multiple short lived instances of virtual machines ?

  - by Newtopian

  Hi, We have a QA department that have to test our software on multiple combination of OS and DMBS. With Windows spewing out many different versions the combinatorial math of all this can be daunting. So we decided on visualizing our setups but so far it only displaces the problem. The cost of hardware is expensive and we need many different combination far exceeding your server capacity to deliver. Also, these instances are throw away, once the test is complete we no longer need it, furthermore to ensure proper test isolation we should start fresh from a new instance. Lastly we only need a small subset of these system online at any given time. What I am looking for is a way to manage inventory so that our QA staff can order instances to be put online as required and discarded once used. Instances are spawned from a pool of freshly installed systems with the appropriate combination ready to accept our software. It also should be possible for two or more people to start the same instance at the same time, though we could manage without this if it proves too complex to put in place. Finally our budget is pretty thin, we can probably make some purchases but ideally expenditures should be kept to a minimum. To summarize we should be able to : Bring instances online on demand. Ideally should offer queue and scheduling management Destroy instances on demand Keep masters in inventory but not online. Manage large inventory of VMs (30-100 maybe more) with small staff of users (5-10). Allow adding, deleting and changing instances from inventory (bring online, make changes and check back in, or create new and check in). Allow few long lived instances for support tools (normal VM server usage) Thanks for your answers

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• Can Current Backflow from Powered Hub's Adapter & cause PC Damage?

  - by SuperUserMan

  Getting this short: Can current flow from a powered USB hub's power adapter (lying 10 Meter away) back to computer via usb port and cause damage to Computer components like mobo, etc? What should be my concerns? Using a 2 Amp 5V Power adapter to power a 10m Long Active Repeater USB extension cable with 4 port HUB & plugging into PC's Front port, causes PC Chassis fan to keep running (thought slower than regular speed) Front Chassis HDD & power LED to turn on (though bit dim) may be other things which i cant detect/see at chip level, in motherboard?? All this even after PC is shut down (bit scary) More detail (in case still want to read): To run 4 High power (needing 450 mAmps) Wifi Adapters, far away from PC, Bought Active Repeater USB Extension Cable with 4 Ports & power port at far end http://www.ebay.com/itm/33FT-USB-2-0-Male-to-Female-Extension-Cable-Hub-Splitter-Adapter-with-4-USB-Port-/390846115254 Then added a locally bought 2 Amp 240V AC to 5V DC Power Adapter and plugged into USB hub which is a part of & situated at far end of a 10 Meter Active Repeater usb extension cable. Even 4 Wifi Adapters run fine (appear to) using this setup, but running chassis fan, dimly lighted Power & HDD LED, even when PC is switched off is bit scary and surely mean 5V & some current is flowing all though that 10 meter extension cable into my USB port & powering stuff. Can this cause damage? and what should be my concerns. Of course I can't switch off the power adapter (lying 10 meters away from PC) every time I switch off my PC to prevent this.

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• Event Log "Wake Source" when system wakes from sleep

  - by Doltknuckle

  So I've been troubleshooting sleep timers for our systems and have run across an interesting issue. I need a way to report how long a system was awake after a number of different inputs. Now, I've discovered that the System Log tracks wake and sleep events and even tells you the times that everything happens at. The thing is doesn't tell you is what triggered the wake event. It does give you a numerical code however. Here are some examples of what I am finding. Index : 2901 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T23:20:06.097488100Z Wake Time: 2010-10-03T17:41:12.796400500Z Wake Source: 0 Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter -- Index : 2841 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T19:19:37.239789600Z Wake Time: 2010-10-01T21:28:48.921200800Z Wake Source: 4HID Keyboard Device Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter So here's my question: Does anyone know what the different numerical codes for the "Wake Source" mean? I think "0" is a magic packet and "4" is a USB device. Does anyone have any idea if there is any documentation out there on this for Windows 7? Thanks in advance

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• Using OSX home directories from linux

  - by Steffen

  I'm running an OSX (Snow Leopard) Server with OpenDirectory, which is nothing else than a modified OpenLDAP with some Apple-specific schemas. However, I want to reuse this directory on some of my Linux (Debian Squeeze) boxes. It's no problem to authenticate against OSXs LDAP Server, this works fine already. What I struggle with is the way the home folders are specified in OSX. If I query the passwd config on one of my linux machines, the OSX imported entries are looking like this myaccount:x:1034:1026:Firstname Lastname:/Network/Servers/hostname.example.com/Volumes/MyShare/Users/myaccount:/bin/bash While those network home folders might be fine for OSX-Clients, I don't want those server based paths on my linux machines. I saw that there is an NFSHomeDirectory Attribute in the OSX User inspector, but if I change this the whole user home path gets changed. Since my users should be able to login on both systems, OSX and Linux, this is not what I want. Does anyone have an idea how I must configure OSX to make my linux machines use home folders like /net/myaccount and leave the configuration for OSX clients untouched?

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• How to cache authentication in Linux using PAM/Kerberos authentication (for CVS)?

  - by Calonthar

  We have several Linux servers that authenticate Linux user passwords on our Windows Active Directory Server using PAM and Kerberos 5. The Linux distro we use is CentOS 6. On one system, we have several Version Control Systems like CVS and Subversion, both of which authenticate users throug PAM, such that users can use their normal Unix resp. Windows AD accounts. Since we started using Kerberos for password authentication, we experienced that CVS on a client machine is often much slower in establishing a connection. CVS authenticates the user on every request (eg. cvs diff, log, update...). Is is possible to cache the credentials that kerberos uses, sucht that is does not need to ask the Windows AD server every time a user executes a cvs action? Our PAM config /etc/pam.d/system-auth looks like the following: auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth sufficient pam_krb5.so use_first_pass auth required pam_deny.so account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_krb5.so

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• Hugepages not utilized by MySQL 5.0, CentOS 5

  - by TechZilla

  I've set up Hugepages, but i'm not seeing any of them reserved. Have I missed a step, or for some particular reason, is MySQL is unable to utilize the Hugepages? I have not created a mount of hugetlbfs, although from what I read, MySQL would not call pages in such a manner. If I'm wrong, please let me know, as that would be a trivial solution. Almost all my MySQL tables are using InnoDB. NOTE: I created a hugetlbfs, no change as expected. Is it possible that rebooting would rectify this situation? I would not want to go through the procedure, as this is high availability, but would do so if necessary. This is the configurations, which I believe are relevant. /etc/sysctl.conf ... ## Huge Pages vm.nr_hugepages = 4096 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 27 ## SHM kernel.shmmax = 34359738368 kernel.shmall = 8589934592 ... /etc/security/limits.conf ... mysql soft nofile 12888 mysql hard nofile 51552 @mysql soft memlock unlimited @mysql hard memlock unlimited /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] large-pages ... grep Huge /proc/meminfo HugePages_Total: 4096 HugePages_Free: 4096 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB id mysql uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh tail -6 /var/log/mysqld.log InnoDB: HugeTLB: Warning: Failed to allocate 1342193664 bytes. errno 12 InnoDB HugeTLB: Warning: Using conventional memory pool 120808 15:49:25 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 1729804158 120808 15:49:25 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.0.95' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution I would really appreciate any help, I'm completely out of ideas. If I missed any more relevant configs, or diagnostics, please comment and I'll add it to the question.

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• Apache stops responding to http requests -- https continues to work

  - by Apropos

  Okay. Very strange problem that I'm having here. I just recently updated to Apache 2.4.2 from 2.2.17, mostly to try to get name-based SSL VirtualHosts working (although they should have been working on 2.2.17). Server is Win2008 R2 (so x64 by definition) running with PHP 5.4.3 and MySQL 5.1.40 (outdated, I know). When I launch the server, it initially works fine. Responds to all requests, VirtualHosts all in order. However, after an uncertain amount of time (appears to only take a few minutes for the most part, but sometimes takes hours), it stops responding to regular HTTP requests (on any VirtualHost). HTTPS continues to work. No errors in the log, and nothing in the access logs when I attempt to connect. I'm having a hard time finding the source of this error given its intermittent nature. When removing all SSL-based VirtualHosts, it seemingly increased stability (still responding to HTTP requests twelve hours later). This could be mere coincidence, though. Entirety of SSL VirtualHost is as follows, should there happen to be a problem with it. <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot "C:\Server\www\virtualhosts\mysite.net" ErrorLog logs/ssl.mysite.net-error_log CustomLog logs/ssl.mysite.net-access_log common env=!dontlog SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM SSLCertificateFile C:/Server/bin/apache/apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile C:/Server/bin/apache/apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/server.key SSLCertificateChainFile C:/Server/bin/apache/Apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/sub.class1.server.ca.pem SSLCACertificateFile C:/Server/bin/apache/Apache2.4.2/conf/ssl/ca.pem </VirtualHost> Any ideas what I'm missing?

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• Is there a way in Windows 7 to disable "journaling"?

  - by Psycogeek

  C:\$extend\$Usn.Jrnl:$J:$data Here is a picture finally. The large strip in the center of the top band is the largest chunk, in the other, grey areas are the various clusters with it. On the right, the big long grey line is $logfile (not paging), and it is 63&nbsb;MB. Paging, 500&nbsb;MB is the dark cyan chunk, next to the yellow MFTres in the inner rings.. The disk was defragged so they could be seen easier. Not all clusters of this type of file are tagged, but the idea is there. The disk is 4k clusters, now about 12 GB size. Each cute little block in the picture is .81 MB and represents 207 clusters. The dkGreen section, is mostly the whole Winsxs pile, also interesting when they keep telling us it doesn't take much disk space. Wikipedia suggests that in previous NT systems "USN journaling" would be turned on when enabled (assumes it could also be turned off?). What aspects, services, or program is working on putting that stuff all over the disk which is known by $jrnl$ type clusters, even if it is not actual USN journaling? Is it possible in a Windows 7 system to completly disable the journaling, and what would be the ramifications of that? On a Windows XP NTFS system, I do not recall seeing the quantity of disk clusters used with these $jrnl$ names, so I do not recall this being necessary in this quantity for an NTFS file system itself? I understand that it would not be there, if it did not have a useful function :-) Information about how wonderful is fine, if that information will help track down what parts of the system create and use it. Change Journals states: Change journals are also needed to recover file system indexing Hmm, that might explain some of them, or why it was left on the disk. A crash while background indexing?

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• IIS crashes with unhandled exception in ASP.NET

  - by SnowCrash

  We had an issue recently with an unhandled exception in an ASP.NET C# application bringing down IIS and all application pools that it was hosting. IIS Manager was unable to restart or stop/start the service and I was unable start IIS again after killing w3wp.exe in the task manager. A system reboot restored IIS to a running state; as a primarily Linux admin, I generally consider an unplanned system reboot to resolve a software error to be an act of high heresy. Is there a way to "harden" IIS so that a faulting application does not affect anything but the request that exposes the fault? Some details on the server and application fault. IIS: 7.5 .NET: 4.0 Windows Server 2008 R2 Faulted on call to System.Net.Dns.Resolve() with a url pointing to a non-existant domain as the argument. (I'm aware that this method is deprecated but the point that a page code issue shouldn't bring down the server still stands) The exception generated was SocketException. The faulting module according to event viewer was KERNELBASE.dll The issue was resolved by wrapping the call in a try-catch, logging the exception and displaying some generic content on the page. I'm hoping that I missed something in the IIS config that would switch it to "production" mode or something.

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• DKIM- Filter No Signature Data

  - by Vineet Sharma

  I have installed DKIM-Filter on Postfix after reading this tutorial http://www.unibia.com/unibianet/systems-networking/how-setup-domainkeys-identified-mail-dkim-postfix-and-ubuntu-server My email now has a DKIM signature but still it is landing in the SPAM folder. Here is the header Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 69.164.193.167 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) client-ip=69.164.193.167; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 69.164.193.167 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) [email protected]; dkim=hardfail (test mode) [email protected] Received: from promote.a2labs.in (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by promote.a2labs.in (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 34858530E8 for <[email protected]>; Mon, 28 Feb 2011 12:23:07 +0530 (IST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=a2labs.in; s=mail; t=1298875987; bh=bo+H1VYPIHMja2u7i1lnzr4k/j4Pe8iSf79bVw94XpI=; h=To:Subject:Message-ID:Date:From:Reply-To:MIME-Version: Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=nhTdlnUwo0iUJ92ycQzKSRjw 5Pfya0DJcJrAc8Mr2hIv8OLpgzBCzdOMWTGqR5nuUmAzgCGYBhYAM2XZwVxo9JG/iz7 oYKysmNQnskFx0TRyW3UOkDWcfHcPnCL6Y7fGzZWinmsyjsg47k+mKZg/e8jqlwTAMO PYKkt5pBz7SM0= Also my mail.err file shows Feb 28 12:17:03 ivineet dkim-filter[32181]: 1F788530E1: no signature data Feb 28 12:18:02 ivineet dkim-filter[32181]: 432BA530E2: no signature data How to fix it

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• Remote search system for samba shares

  - by fostandy

  I have several shares residing on a samba server in a small business environment that I would like to provide search facilities for. Ideally this would be something like google desktop with some extra features (see below), but lacking this the idea is to take what I can get, or at least get an idea for what is out there. Using google desktop search as a reference model, the principle additional requirement is that it is usable from clients over the network. In addition there are some other notes (note that none of these are hard requirements) The content is always files, residing on a single server, accessible from samba shares. Standard ms office document fare Also a lot of rars and zips which it is necessary to search inside. Permissions support, allowing for user-based control to reflect current permission access in samba shares. The userbase will remain fairly static, so manual management of users is fine. majority of users will be Windows based I know there are plenty of search indexers out there: beagle and tracker seem to be the most popular. Most do not seem to offer access control and web-based/remote search does not seem to be high priority. I've also seen a recent post on the samba mailing list asking for pretty much the exact same thing. (They mention a product called IBM OmniFind Yahoo! Edition and while their initial reception seems positive, I am pretty skeptical. RHEL 4? Firefox 2? Updated much?) edit: similar question here What else is out there? Are you in a similar situation? What do you use?

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• Ubuntu Wubi "drive" failure; mount drive in XP?

  - by 618034

  Hi there, I installed the Wubi distribution of Ubuntu on a separate partition (which is silly, since why do I care if Windows can still manage the partition?) a few months back; it was pretty awesome, until Linux hosed. At this point, I can get Ubuntu to boot if I try really hard through grub, but once it does start, the screen is hosed, so no dice. At this point, I'd like to wipe it all and start over, but I need to get some stuff off the "disk". The Wubi install makes this difficult, since the "disk" is a flat file on an NTFS partition. I've done just about everything I can think of — I renamed the virtual disk .iso, mounted it with VirtualCloneDrive, then used whatever magic EXT3 (EXT4?) readers I could dig up on the Internet to parse the mount — but nothing's working. Can you offer any suggestions? The "disk" is currently in D:\ubuntu\disks\root.iso. Many thanks! (I may be high-latency at the moment, apologies if I don't address follow-ups quickly)

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• Webserver max CPU when apache and MYSQL are ran together

  - by Tim

  This website has been running fine without issues, Recently it went down. After some investigation it looks like the combo of MYSQL and Apache bring the box to its knees. Apache can run find serving static web pages and MYSQL can run fine when the website isn't working. As soon as the website is enabled with SQL running the CPU on the box remains at 100%. Picture of the usage: http://i.stack.imgur.com/GG2NC.png I've checked the sql database for errors, tried tuning nearly every parameter in apache/sql's conf file for performance. The server is a redhat based box running the latest software packages. Any help/suggestions are welcome. Doing an strace on a high cpu apache process I see the following: read(14, "", 8192) = 0 close(14) = 0 socket(PF_FILE, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 14 fcntl64(14, F_SETFL, O_RDONLY) = 0 fcntl64(14, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) connect(14, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock"...}, 110) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, "\2003\341\1\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, "\2003\341\1\0\0\0\0", 8) = 0 setsockopt(14, SOL_IP, IP_TOS, [8], 4) = -1 EOPNOTSUPP (Operation not supported) setsockopt(14, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, [1], 4) = 0 Here is what I see from a mysql process: futex(0x86fc9a4, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 39, NULL) = 0 futex(0x86fc734, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL) = 0 futex(0x86fc734, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0 gettimeofday({1301465020, 141613}, NULL) = 0 clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {1301465020, 141699633}) = 0 futex(0x8707a64, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 1, {4, 999913367}) = 0 futex(0x8707a40, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL) = 0 futex(0x8707a40, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0 exit_group(0) = ?

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• Using my old PC as a web/file server?

  - by Garrett

  I have an old desktop computer that I've been trying to sell for AGES. I guess nobody is looking for computers because it was advertised at a dirt cheap price on craigslist, local papers, etc. Anyways, I was wondering if it would be worth it to set it up as a home file server, a web dev server (I have a web host for actual production use), and maybe host a few server applications (ex: ventrillo). The computer is actually an old Dell that I cannibalized after the motherboard being destroyed by lightning, so it has fairly new parts in it. The specs are: P4 3.4GHz w/ HT and Artic Cooling Freezer 7 3GB DDR2 533 RAM 80GB hdd (will upgrade the hard drive if it's even worth using as a server) basic dvd rom 430 Watt Thermaltake PSU (it might be important to note that it is only 60% efficiency) ATI Radeon x600 256MB Antec 300 case It's not a really beefy machine, I just can't see giving it away or putting it in the corner to just collect dust. I have Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard and I am confident in my skills in operating most Linux operating systems. I'd also be using it to tinker with when I learn new things in my server admin classes (I'm finishing my 2nd year in college at the moment so I'm still learning) Also, my house is quite old and the electrical wiring is pretty poor (it MIGHT be up to code, then again, where I live most people don't even know what regulations are or let alone know how to spell it...) Would it be safe to leave it running all day and is it going to run up my electric bill because of the PSU efficiency? I only have 5mbit cable internet, but I won't be running very bandwidth intense services on it so it should be ok. I should elaborate on why I am concerned about the power. The circuits should be fine, but I'm more concerned about fire hazard. What is the likelihood that the server could cause an electrical fire? Again, thank you all for the feedback!

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• BIND master/slave does not respond for queries for its slave

  - by Savas

  Systems are all Centos 6.2 Lets say I have a masterdns with IP 10.2.1.2, authoritative for the 10.2.1.X subnet and let say it is domain example.com I have another two subnets, 10.2.2.X and 10.1.2.X Each one has its own DNS server, dns2 and dns1 respectively and let say these are domains dom2.example.com and dom2.example.com respectively. The masterdns server has slave zones for dns1, dns2 and respond to requests OK. The dns1, dns2 have the masterdns zones as slaves two, and respond to requests OK. So, the masterdns has as slave zones all the subordinate domains of example.com Each of dns1 and dns2 use masterdns as a forwards (which uses another dns cache/proxy server) for dns resolution of internet public domain names. It works OK that too. The problem is, and I cannot figure it out. Why queries for example at dns1 for hostnames of dom2.example.com do not resolve? If i use nslookup - masterdns at dns1 server, resolve (i use directly the dns facility of masterdns). If I use nslookup locally, meaning queries are sent to dns1, for hosts that are at dom2.example.com, they do not resolve. Everything other works OK.

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• Changing Corosync/Heartbeat pair's active node based on MySQL/Galera cluster state

  - by Hace

  Background I'm planning on building a High Availability "cluster" for our Zabbix instance by placing two physical servers in one server room and two in another server room. In each server room one of the physical servers will run Zabbix on RHEL and the other will run Zabbix's MySQL database, also on RHEL. I'd prefer synchronous replication for the MySQL nodes so I'm planning on using Galera in a master-slave configuration. The Zabbix instances on the two Zabbix servers would be controlled by Heartbeat/Corosync (although Red Hat Cluster Suite is also an option...) If the Zabbix server in Server Room A goes down, the one in Server Room B becomes active (and vice versa). Ditto for the MySQL servers/instances. If either of those cases happen, however, the connection between the Zabbix server and the MySQL server becomes significantly slower as ti has to travel over WAN. Question Is it possible to configure the Heartbeat/CoroSync pair to instruct the MySQL/Galera cluster to change the master node to switch to (if available) the one that's in the server room as the active Heartbeat/Corosync -node and (more challengingly) is it possible to do the same in the other direction, i.e have the Galera cluster change the active Heartbeat/CoroSync server to be in the same room as the active MySQL master server in case of a failover in over to avoid unnecessary WAN transfers between the application and its DB? Theories Most likely I can get CoroSync to run something that'd log in to one of the DB nodes to change the MySQL/Galera master but I don't know if it's really possible to do anything similar in the other direction in Galera. Is it possible to define a "service" in CoroSync/Heartbeat so that both the service and its MySQL service would migrate as one if possible. Using the DB server that's behind WAN should still be a better option to DB downtime. Am I just using too many tools to solve a problem that'd be far simpler with something else?

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