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• unable to recover data from failed hdd

  - by Eslam Elyamany

  my hdd failing (or maybe totally dead) i've connected the hdd via USB but it doesn't appear in fdisk Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe9fb38fb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 40959999 20376576 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 40962046 976771071 467904513 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 82913280 86910975 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 86913024 394113023 153600000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 40962048 82913279 20975616 83 Linux /dev/sda8 394122708 976768064 291322678+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Partition 8 does not start on physical sector boundary. no sdc appears here , BUT it's appears on /dev/ rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda9 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc9 also it appears in proc Code: rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 488386584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 20376576 sda2 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 1998848 sda5 8 6 153600000 sda6 8 8 291322678 sda8 8 9 20975616 sda9 11 0 1048575 sr0 11 1 99136 sr1 8 32 244198583 sdc 8 33 14651248 sdc1 8 34 1 sdc2 8 37 15380480 sdc5 8 38 4153344 sdc6 8 39 48829536 sdc7 8 40 48829536 sdc8 8 41 110374551 sdc9 8 42 1975963 sdc10 and dmesg : [10604.777168] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1 [10604.817238] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [10604.817243] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [10604.817248] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Add. Sense: No additional sense information [10604.817253] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 06 00 ok now , let's see what i've tried testdisk to check for partitions -- failed dd to copy data from /dev/sdcX -- provide strange output size for example /dev/sdc1 is about 15G , the output for dd is 62G+ so i had to cancle it safecopy successfully made an image for partitons , but can't fix images, can't mount it, can't do any thing with it and some other tools i've tried and all failed , so any idea ?

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• Ext3 fs: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0). is fs dead?

  - by ip

  My company has a server with one big partition with Mysql database and php files. Now this partition seems to be corrupted, as reported from kernel messages when I tried to mount it manually: [329862.817837] EXT3-fs error (device loop1): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [329862.817846] EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! I've tried to recovery it running tools from a PLD livecd. These are the tools I have tested: - e2retrieve - testdisk - photorec - dd_rescue/dd_rhelp - ddrescue - fsck.ext2 - e2salvage without any success. dumpe2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem volume name: /dev/sda3 Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: dd51610b-6de0-4392-a6f3-67160dbc0343 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal filetype sparse_super Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: not clean with errors Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 9502720 Block count: 18987570 Reserved block count: 949378 Free blocks: 11555345 Free inodes: 11858398 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16384 Inode blocks per group: 512 Last mount time: Wed Mar 24 09:31:03 2010 Last write time: Mon Apr 12 11:46:32 2010 Mount count: 10 Maximum mount count: 30 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:00 1970 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Journal backup: inode blocks dumpe2fs: A block group is missing an inode table while reading journal inode e2fsck 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) fsck.ext3: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... fsck.ext3: A block group is missing an inode table while checking ext3 journal for /dev/sda3 I tried also backup superblocks, same error result. There's any other tools I have to test before considering these disk definitely unrecoverable? Many thanks, ip

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• Need a place to store a few bytes of meta information on storage media

  - by Jason C

  I'm working on an embedded project. I need a place to store some filesystem-independent meta information on a storage device. The device has an MSDOS partition table. The device also may have unallocated space (depending on its size) but it will be TRIMmed (and also may be blown away by new partitions in the future). I need a location on the device that is not unallocated and that has a low risk of being touched (outside of completely erasing the device). The device is only guaranteed to have an MBR at the point the meta data needs to first be written; meaning there are no EBRs/VBRs present that I could use. There are 446 bytes at the very start of the device available for MBR bootstrap code. Currently my only idea is to store data at the end of this block. However, the device is bootable and I have no way of knowing if I'd be blowing away bootstrap code or not. The sector size is 512 bytes and the MBR is the first sector, I'm pretty sure (correct me if I'm wrong) that that means the second sector is available for use by partition data, so I can't use that either. Does anybody have any ideas? I need 4 bytes of space.

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• Hibernate between OS X and Bootcamp Win 7

  - by Willem

  Wouldn't it be great if someone wrote a guide or an app which allowed you to switch instantly between OS X and Windows using Hibernate in both OS:s? Windows 7 already has an option "Hibernate" which allows you to boot back to your OS X partition, but OS X does not exactly offer the same. However, there are possibilities here. It seems that the recent Mac's have 3 different kinds of sleeping mode: Sleep: Low power consumption, RAM still active. Legacy Safe Sleep: No power consumption(?), writes RAM to disk and shuts down (is this the same as Hibernate?) Safe Sleep: Writes RAM to disk and enters sleep mode. If battery level drops too low it goes into Hibernate (is this Hibernate the same as #2 in this list? This is the Hibernate I will be referring to int he rest of this post) It seems that I am unable to force my MacBook Pro (Late 2011) OS X 10.7.3 into a true hibernate using either command line or apps that are supposed to do this. I believe the Mac should show that white loading bar whilst waking up if it was truly put into hibernate (which it does not). But I can get this white bar to show by letting my battery level drop to 0% so there is obviously a system function for it (obviously, duh! :). When Win 7 goes into hibernate it shuts down completely and you can then boot into OS X on startup. On OS X however, hibernate forces you to wake up into OS X. Can you hack this so that you're allowed to select boot partition after OS X hibernates? Would it be possible to use the true hibernate system functionalities of Win 7 and OS X to create a kind of instant switching between the two? Imagine this on a quick SATA-3 SSD like my 180GB Intel 520. Thanks / Willem

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• How do I copy files between harddrives on Ubuntu CLI?

  - by ed209

  I have a dedicated server with a 120gb main ssd. The server happens to come with a couple of 3000GB hard drives. I'd like to use them to back up my main drive. Preferably, I'd like one as an exact copy of the main SSD and the other with incremental backups of the mysql database and a user uploads file. These are the drives I have Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196352 2097152+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4198400 5246976 524288+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 5249024 234441647 114596312 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdc: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table The first problem I have, is that I have no idea how to copy from one drive to another. Kind of embarrassing I know, but I don't know where to start. I'm thinking of this in terms of Mac OS cli where I'm able to copy between /Volumes - is there an equivalent? (there is nothing under /mnt or /media)

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• dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000e4b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 27 209920 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 27 525 4000768 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 27 353 2621440 83 Linux /dev/sda6 353 405 416768 83 Linux /dev/sda7 405 490 675840 83 Linux /dev/sda8 490 525 282624 83 Linux I need to make an image to store on our file server for use in flashing other devices we are manufacturing so I only want the used space (only about 4gb). I want to keep the mbr etc... as this device should be boot ready as soon as the copy is finished. Any ideas? I previously had been using dd if=/dev/sda of=[//fileserver/file], but at that time, my master copy was on a 4gb flash ide.

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• Boot records messed on dual boot (win7 and ubuntu) machine with SSD and HDD

  - by Michael

  i have a lenovo ideapad y570 with two hard drives: SSD and normal HDD both managed by RapidDrive and windows 7 pre-installed. First, i have shrunk my 500 GB HDD a little bit to make some place for a linux installation. Then i installed linux mint 12 to it, also installed grub onto the drive (dev/sdb). Installation programm has not allowed me to install grub on sda. Then i replaced linux mint with ubuntu 12.04 but installed grub onto the SSD (which is dev/sda and was the default-option). After that i could boot into my windows, only ubuntu worked. So i did a research, and tried: rewriting mbr of windows into sda1, reinstalling grub, replacing grub2 with grub-legacy, and now i think my partitions table are totally messed. Here is fdisk -l output: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders, total 125045424 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 411648 1009430959 504509656 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x5e5d1cc8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1979 884389887 442193954+ 12 Compaq diagnostics /dev/sdb2 884391934 976771071 46189569 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 884391936 937705471 26656768 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 937707520 967006207 14649344 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 967008256 976771071 4881408 82 Linux swap / Solaris I also cant mount any windows partitions to recover data. And when i open gparted, the whole sda-disk appears unallocated and it states "can not have a partition outside the disk!", also the end-sector address of /dev/sda2 confuses me. If i boot from the SSD, it throws some mbr error and wont boot, if i boot from the HDD, i only get the grub bash. How do i restore the partition tables? I can boot only from a live-cd at the machine. Thanks for any help.

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• How to make a Windows Vista boot / recovery cd from a running system without using an original CD / DVD

  - by Giorgio

  I have just repaired a friends computer (replaced motherboard) and now I am trying to repair the Windows (Windows Vista) partitions. Unfortunately, probably due to the fact that he tried to start it several times after the old motherboard had stopped working (no signal on video) now the partition table or the file systems (or both?) appear to be damaged. I managed to boot Windows a couple of times but could not complete the boot. I tried to repair the partition table and file systems using Linux RIP (booting from USB stick) but the Linux utilities say that the file system is damaged and I should run chkdsk /f from Windows. So I now need a Windows boot CD from which I can boot and run chkdsk or any other Windows utilities that can repair the file system. Is there an easy way to create such a CD? Or can I download it for free somewhere? All the links to Windows Vista boot / repair CD's I have found on the internet refer to non-free stuff. Any hint? EDIT I have a working laptop with Windows Vista installed. So one solution would be to make a bootable CD or USB from it so that I can boot the desktop and run the repair utilities. However, I do not have the Windows Vista installation DVD, because both computers were bought with Windows pre-installed.

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• Replace Linux Boot-Drive | ext3 to btrfs

  - by bardiir

  I've got a headless server running Debian Linux currently. Linux vault 3.2.0-3-686-pae #1 SMP Mon Jul 23 03:50:34 UTC 2012 i686 GNU/Linux The root filesystem is located on an ext3 partition on the main harddrive. My data is located on multiple harddrives that are bundled to a storage pool running with btrfs. UUID=072a7fce-bfea-46fa-923f-4fb0827ae428 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=b50965f1-a2e1-443f-876f-578b5f93cbf1 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=881e3ad9-31c4-4296-ae60-eae6c98ea45f none swap sw 0 0 UUID=30d8ae34-e2f0-44b4-bbcc-22d761a128f6 /data btrfs defaults,compress,autodefrag 0 0 What I'd like to do is to place / into the btrfs pool too. The ideal solution would provide the flexibility to boot from any disk in the system alike, so if the main drive fails I'd just need to swap another one into the main slot and it would be bootable like the main one. My main problem is, everything I do needs to result in a bootable system that is open to ssh logins via network as this server is 100% headless so there is no possibility to boot it from a live cd or anything like that. So I'd like to be extra sure everything works out fine :) How would I best go about this? Can anybody hint me to guides or whip something up for these tasks? Anything I forgot to think about? Copy root-data into btrfs pool, adjust mountpoints,... Adjust GRUB to boot from btrfs pool UUID or the local device where GRUB is installed Sync GRUB to all harddrives so every drive is equally bootable (is this even possible without destroying the btrfs partitions on the drives or would I need to disconnect the drives, install grub on them and then connect them back with a slightly smaller partition?)

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• Creating a partitioned raid1 array for booting a debian squeeze system

  - by gucki

  I'd like to have the following raid1 (mirror) setup: /dev/md0 consists of /dev/sda and /dev/sdb I created this raid1 device using mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb This gave a warning about metadata being 1.2 and my system might not boot. I cannot use 0.9 because it restricts the size of the raid to 2TB and I assume grub shipped with latest debian (squeeze) should be able to handle metadata 1.2. So then I created the needed partitions like this: # creating new label (partition table) parted -s /dev/md0 mklabel 'msdos' # creating partitions sfdisk -uM /dev/md0 << EOF 0,4096 ,1024,S ; EOF # making root filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L boot -m 0 /dev/md0p1 # making swap filesystem mkswap /dev/md0p2 # making data filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L data /dev/md0p3 Then I mounted the root partition, copied a minimal debian install inside and temporary mounted /dev /proc /sys. Afer this I chrooted to the new root folder and executed: grub-install --no-floppy --recheck /dev/md0 However this fails badly with: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: unknown filesystem. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/md0p1 failed. Please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map=/boot/grub/device.map --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to I don't think it's a bug in grub (so I didn't report it yet) but a fault of mine. So I really wonder how to properly setup my raid1, everything I tried so far failed.

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• Imac g5 with no OS nor CD drive

  - by sinekonata

  What I want: Ubuntu on a g5 Imac. What I have: An empty PC (Intel g5 17" Imac) with broken CD drive. Its model is A1173. This PC with Ubuntu 12.04 and an old Vista partition. a usb flash drive. Problems: No CD means the only boot Drive I could use is USB. There are no BIOS on Macs so I can't set boot settings or even see if it detects my USB drive. When I start the machine and press ALT the first and only thing I see is an old corrupted winXP partition and not a single option or additional information. So assuming blindly that the Mac hardware/firmware works normally, I don't have any Mac OS to use any of the tools that I found on different tutorials for building a bootable .img drive for macs. I can't find much software on Linux/Windows to substitute to those tools, for example among others converting an .iso file (win/linux) to .img (mac I guess). Which makes me think that the scenario where someone like me has Mac hardware but no Mac OS is extremely rare. So other than finding someone that has a Mac I have no solution. So I ask what would you do? the only thing is it should not involve any money (I know mac soft is rarely free) which also excludes getting any MacOS unless I can use a free macos.img for VM or restore the original Mac for free. Thank you

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• Grub error 18, gparted not showing anything

  - by Montecristo

  Some week ago I started having some problems with my pc, sometimes it just freezed not allowing me to do anything. I had to turn it off and on and sometimes do it a couple of time even at startup. Now it does not start at all, grub is giving me error 18. I have found that a solution is to create a bootable partition in the first sector of the disk. gparted does not recognize any partition, the window in which there would be my partitions is empty. sudo fdisk -l does not output anything. If I type sudo mount /dev/sda and then tab tab to autocomplete these are the devices coming out: sda sda1 sda2 sda5. If I launch sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 disk I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg outputs [ 1831.974847] EXT3-fs: unable to read superblock Do you know how to solve this issue? I'm not completely sure this is a software problem, should I try with a new hard disk?

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• How do you recreate the System Recovery environment in Windows 7?

  - by Howiecamp

  I'm running Windows 7 Home Premium RTM (64-bit) and I want to take advantage of the system recovery tools (eg the Command Prompt) without using the Windows 7 DVD. My understanding is that this environment (WinRE) should be installed to your HDD by default as part of the Windows 7 installation. However, when I hit F8 on boot and select "Repair", I get: Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause. To fix the problem... Status: 0xc000000e Info: The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible. The "Info" line seems like the smoking gun. My next step was to boot from the Windows 7 DVD, and choose "Repair". It indicated my Recovery Environment wasn't on the Windows 7 boot menu (perfect) and offered to fix it. I said yes and rebooted, however same issue as above. In addition, when I booted in to Windows 7 and I looked at the boot menu options, the recovery/repair option was not there. Only my Windows installation. Finally, I ran the Disk Management tool (diskmgmt.msc) and took a look at the contents of my "System Reserved" partition (which was set to "Active" as normal). It's unclear to me what the contents should look like, however it is my understanding that the WinRE environment gets installed to this partition. (As part of the above troubleshooting I followed http://superuser.com/questions/25728/how-to-fix-windows-7-boot-process which lead to http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/668-system-recovery-options.html).

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• Recommended Win2k8 Server software to fix my RAID-0 issue

  - by Jason Kealey

  I'm running an Asus P6T V2 Deluxe. It has six SATA ports and supports onboard RAID. I am using two of those ports for a RAID0 array of 1.5TB Seagate drives using the onboard RAID controller. One of them is giving me SMART warnings and I want to preemptively replace it. I pulled out two other 1.5TB drives from another computer and am ready to use one or both, if necessary. I can't run any SMART diagnostic software from within Windows because it only sees the hardware RAID-0 array, not each individual drive. The first thing I tried was a slow sector-by-sector copy using a free tool called EASEUS Disk Copy. Used the bootdisk, copied (took like 16 hours), unplugged the defective drive and plugged the new one in its place. The motherboard didn't recognize the new drive as being part of the known setup, so it did not want to boot. The second thing I tried was using other software (I forget the name) to copy the partition from within Windows. The first software failed because I had a server operating system. I found another software (I forget the name) which supported a server OS and did a partition copy onto the new drive. This seemed to work and the OS started to boot, but blue screened and started a reboot cycle. I'm assuming the software I was using was no good as it was trying to copy the boot disk while it was in use. I am looking for recommendations on what software to use to fix my problem without doing a re-install. Everything is backed up but my computer works fine and I'd like to avoid re-installation when possible. However, my system would be back up now if I had just started over on a second RAID array. :)

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• K8NDRE motherboard in server fails to complete BIOS load with error 0078

  - by John

  K8NDRE motherboard with 4 sata drives, was running fine. Drives had raid-0 and raid-1 partitions, using mdadm. The onboard raid is disabled. Upon reformatting the drives, setting a new partition structure and new raid partitions, the bios fails to finish loading, with 0078 in the bottom right corner. Tried using completely new set of drives, and bios worked fine. Able to boot from a usb, format the drives, partition them, start raid, and then installed os. Reboot and received the same error from the bios, 0078. Works fine if I unplug the sata drives. Any thoughts? Physical inspection reveals no damage cables, connectors, or capacitors. Server was running happily for over a year, and this is the first problem it has had. Per Michael Hampton's answer: The drives, unjumpered and supporting sata III worked fine originally, and worked fine for formatting and having new partitions and raid installed on them. I did try jumpering one, with no change. If I put a brand new unformatted drive in, the motherboard recognizes it and I can proceed with formatting and installing. When I reboot, I get the 0078. I have 4 sata cables-the board supports 4 drives, so I tried each and no change. I am close to calling the motherboard done.

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• Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on an ext4 SSD?

  - by snowlord

  I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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• Change default profile directory per group

  - by Joel Coel

  Is it possible to force windows to create profiles for members of one active directory group in a different folder from members in another active directory group? The school here uses DeepFreeze to protect public computers. In a nutshell, DeepFreeze prevents all changes to a hard drive such that every time you restart the machine the disk is identical to it was at the time you froze it. This is a bit different than restoring to an image, in that it never really wrote changes to disk in a permanent way in the first place. This has a few advantages over images: faster recover times, and it's easy to thaw the machine for a few minutes to perform maintenance such as windows updates (which can even be automated). DeepFreeze also allows you to configure a "thawspace" partition, where changes are persistent across reboots. One of the weaknesses of DeepFreeze is that you end up needing to create a new profile every time you log in, unless your profile existed at the time the machine was frozen. And even then, any changes you make to your profile while working on a frozen machine are lost. As students have frequent legitimate needs to log in to our classroom machines, there is currently a lot of cleanup involved from time to time in removing their old profiles and changes, so I want to extend DeepFreeze to protect our classroom computers as well as public computers. The problem is that faculty have a real need to keep a stateful profile locally on these classroom computers. The solution I would like to use is to configure Windows via group policy (or even manually, if that's the way I'll have to do it) to place profile folders on the thawspace partition, but only for members of the faculty security group. Is this possible?

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• RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

  - by reano

  We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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• file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

  - by Adam Ryczkowski

  I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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• Ubuntu 12.04 partioning an external drive without lossing data

  - by Menelaos Perdikeas

  I have an Ubuntu 12.04 with an external 1.5T disk (just for data). It is /dev/sdc1 seen below: $ df -T Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 ext4 1451144932 27722584 1350794536 3% / udev devtmpfs 6199460 4 6199456 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 2482692 988 2481704 1% /run none tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 6206724 284 6206440 1% /run/shm /dev/sdc1 fuseblk 1465135100 172507664 1292627436 12% /media/Elements The thing is I would like to implement this rsync-based backup strategy and I want to use my /dev/sdc1 external drive for that. Since the guide mentioned above recommends placing the backup directory in a separate partition I want to repartition the /dev/sdc1 external hard disk but retain existing data in a separate partition. E.g. split /dev/sdc1 into two partitions: (i) one to be used exclusively for the rsync-based backup and (ii) the other for the existing miscellaneous data. How should I go about partitioning with minimal risk to my existing data and what kind of filesystem do you recommend? I would prefer a console-based guide but unfortunately all the material I found on the web is oriented towards partitioning the main (bootable) disk and not an external fuseblk filesystem used only for passive data.

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• Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2012 Error

  - by Jacob Schaer

  I just started with MDT2012 recently in hopes of eventually getting away with using Ghost to deploy all of our department computers. When I test deploy in VirtualBox, it deploys the OS properly, but stops because of a network driver failure (it gets the "could not allocate resources" issue). On physical hardware (Latitude E6500, Optiplex 980, and an older Latitude) it gets through the multicast and stops immediately after with: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the Setup log files for more information" I've looked at the logs and never see anything really of note. Originally I was using DriverPacks from DriverPacks.net, but thinking it was a driver issue, I switched over to using Dell's cab driver packs. Still the same issue. I check and it did the HDD is all fine - it was properly partitioned, set to bootable, and was loaded with all the proper OS installer files. I'm using a flash drive to do the install - when I make changes to the deployment share I rebuild and copy the ISO to the drive, then use YUMI multiboot to start the ISO (probably irrelevant).

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• Using Truecrypt to secure mySQL database, any pitfalls?

  - by Saul

  The objective is to secure my database data from server theft, i.e. the server is at a business office location with normal premises lock and burglar alarm, but because the data is personal healthcare data I want to ensure that if the server was stolen the data would be unavailable as encrypted. I'm exploring installing mySQL on a mounted Truecrypt encrypted volume. It all works fine, and when I power off, or just cruelly pull the plug the encrypted drive disappears. This seems a load easier than encrypting data to the database, and I understand that if there is a security hole in the web app , or a user gets physical access to a plugged in server the data is compromised, but as a sanity check , is there any good reason not to do this? @James I'm thinking in a theft scenario, its not going to be powered down nicely and so is likely to crash any DB transactions running. But then if someone steals the server I'm going to need to rely on my off site backup anyway. @tomjedrz, its kind of all sensitive, individual personal and address details linked to medical referrals/records. Would be as bad in our field as losing credit card data, but means that almost everything in the database would need encryption... so figured better to run the whole DB in an encrypted partition. If encrypt data in the tables there's got to be a key somewhere on the server I'm presuming, which seems more of a risk if the box walks. At the moment the app is configured to drop a dump of data (weekly full and then deltas only hourly using rdiff) into a directory also on the Truecrypt disk. I have an off site box running WS_FTP Pro scheduled to connect by FTPs and synch down the backup, again into a Truecrypt mounted partition.

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• Linux Software RAID1: How to boot after (physically) removing /dev/sda? (LVM, mdadm, Grub2)

  - by flight

  A server set up with Debian 6.0/squeeze. During the squeeze installation, I configured the two 500GB SATA disks (/dev/sda and /dev/sdb) as a RAID1 (managed with mdadm). The RAID keeps a 500 GB LVM volume group (vg0). In the volume group, there's a single logical volume (lv0). vg0-lv0 is formatted with extfs3 and mounted as root partition (no dedicated /boot partition). The system boots using GRUB2. In normal use, the systems boots fine. Also, when I tried and removed the second SATA drive (/dev/sdb) after a shutdown, the system came up without problem, and after reconnecting the drive, I was able to --re-add /dev/sdb1 to the RAID array. But: After removing the first SATA drive (/dev/sda), the system won't boot any more! A GRUB welcome message shows up for a second, then the system reboots. I tried to install GRUB2 manually on /dev/sdb ("grub-install /dev/sdb"), but that doesn't help. Appearently squeeze fails to set up GRUB2 to launch from the second disk when the first disk is removed, which seems to be quite an essential feature when running this kind of Software RAID1, isn't it? At the moment, I'm lost whether this is a problem with GRUB2, with LVM or with the RAID setup. Any hints?

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• Cloning a failing disk (Win 7)

  - by daveh551

  I have a Windows 7 machine with several partitions on a 1.5T drive. Windows has been complaining about disk errors and imminent failure, so I have purchased a new 2TB drive. The failing disk has not completely failed, and, in fact, I was able to boot Windows from it (after a couple tries) and examine the SMART logs - the only RED item was 1 sector being reallocated. But when I try to Clone it to the new Drive using Acronis True Image Home (2010), True Image can see the drive, the partitions, and the contents, but when it goes to actually do the clone, it says "Failed to move. Make sure the destination disk is not smaller than the source disk, and that there are not errors on the disk" (or something like that). What are some other options for simply cloning the failing drive. I'd like to clone the entire disk, but am willing to do it partition by partition if necessary. Was this a known failing of the 2010 edition of ATI, or is it really something hosed in my system. Would upgrading to the 2012 edition be likely to work any better? (I'd download the trial and try it out, but if I remember right, the cloning operation is disabled in the trial version), and I don't have enough free disk space to make an entire image.) What are some other cloning software packages if ATI won't work? Note that I'm only looking to clone the disk, not make an image as a back up - I use Ghost for that, and can fall back to that if I have to. It looks to me like CloneZilla would do the job. Any recommendations? Thanks, and if this duplicates other questions, I apologize.

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• Lost Windows 7 boot after EasyBCD with EFI

  - by drent

  I've got a Lenovo Y580 with a 64GB SSD and a 1TB HDD setup using GPT and setup to boot from (U?)EFI. I was trying to get my Linux Mint installation on the Windows boot manager using EasyBCD (I didn't realise EFI but it wiped my boot partition/loader and I cannot seem to get Windows back (and I still can't get a bootable Linux Mint). Using the System Recovery utility, Startup Repair can't "see" windows (it might be because I'm using a 7 Pro disk to recover Home Premium?). In command prompt, Bootrec tools don't do anything and bootsect can't run because it says that it's for BIOS only and I've booted with EFI. I can see the EFI data on the 200mb SSD partition using diskpart but I don't know how to add Windows back onto whatever bootloader I have/need. At the moment the only options I can see are: Do a fresh install of Windows and hope that the setup remains as fast as the default one (the SSD is some kind of cache for Windows but I can't quite see how it works given that the rest of the SSD is unpartitioned space). This seems like overkill given that Windows was working fine til EasyBCD deleted it. Try forcing BIOS mode and see if that somehow magically fixes things Try converting from GPT to MBR to try and use the bootrec/bootsect tools (and maybe back again) which seems like a really bad idea. Anyone have any ideas?

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