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• iptables (NAT/PAT) setup for SSH & Samba

  - by IanVaughan

  I need to access a Linux box via SSH & Samba that is hidden/connected behind another one. Setup :- A switch B C |----| |---| |----| |----| |eth0|----| |----|eth0| | | |----| |---| |eth1|----|eth1| |----| |----| Eg, SSH/Samba from A to C How does one go about this? I was thinking that it cannot be done via IP alone? Or can it? Could B say "hi on eth0, if your looking for 192.168.0.2, its here on eth1"? Is this NAT? This is a large private network, so what about if another PC has that IP?! More likely it would be PAT? A would say "hi 192.168.109.15:1234" B would say "hi on eth0, traffic for port 1234 goes on here eth1" How could that be done? And would the SSH/Samba demons see the correct packet header info and work?? IP info :- A - eth0 - 192.168.109.2 B - eth0 - B1 = 192.168.109.15 B2 = 172.24.40.130 - eth1 - 192.168.0.1 C - eth1 - 192.168.0.2 A, B & C are RHEL (RedHat) But Windows computers can be connected to the switch. I configured the 192.168.0.* IPs, they are changeable. Update after response from Eddie Few problems (and Machines' B IP is different!) From A :- ssh 172.24.40.130 works ok, (can get to B2) but ssh 172.24.40.130 -p 2022 -vv times out with :- OpenSSH_4.3p2, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 172.24.40.130 [172.24.40.130] port 2022. ...wait ages... debug1: connect to address 172.24.40.130 port 2022: Connection timed out ssh: connect to host 172.24.40.130 port 2022: Connection timed out From B2 :- $ service iptables status Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.2 tcp dpt:22 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Table: nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:2022 to:192.168.0.2:22 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination And ssh from B2 to C works fine :- $ ssh 192.168.0.2 Route info :- $ route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 172.24.40.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default 172.24.40.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 $ ip route 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.1 172.24.40.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.24.40.130 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link default via 172.24.40.1 dev eth0 So I just dont know why the port forward doesnt work from A to B2?

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• What Remote Desktop Solution Do You Use To Service Your Clients' PCs? [closed]

  - by Sootah

  Possible Duplicate: What’s the best Remote Desktop Application? I am the owner of a local computer repair business that primarily services its clients on-site. On the occasions that we do service the machines in the office we generally have one of our techs pick the computer up while they are out and about and bring it back with them. Only rarely will we require the customer to bring us the computer themselves. In order to reduce costs, be much more efficient, and potentially expand our market far beyond what would be feasible with travel required; I am looking at ways that we can service our clients remotely whenever possible. What we're in need of is a solid remote desktop application that will be incredibly easy for our customers to connect to, as well as be robust enough that we don't need the client babysitting the computer during the entire repair. Ideally I would like to use a web-based solution so that we don't have to walk the customers through installing, connecting, and configuring it over the phone. This would be unacceptable because of the level of service they are used to. Effectively we'd want them to be able to just go to a URL, enter a PIN or something, and then they are connected and ready to rumble. (Obviously the option to just email them a link that'd do all this for them would be what we'd be aiming for) Along with the ease of use factor, we would need the product to not require any further intervention on the part of the client after we have connected. Nobody is going to be happy if we have to call them every 15 minutes so they can reconnect to us every time we reboot - so auto-reconnect is an absolute must. The only product I know of right now that does any of this is LogMeIn Rescue. It allows unattended access, the applet is lightweight and installs quickly, and the customer can either enter a PIN on the site or just click a link emailed to them in order to connect. The only real downside I see to LogMeIn Rescue is that it's $120.00/month per technician. While we'd ultimately end up saving far more than that per month just in fuel costs alone, I'd like to explore any other options out there that I may not have come across. Are there any equally good products out there? If so what are they, why do you recommend them, how have you been utilizing them yourself, and what do they cost?

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• Old operational master still thinks it is the "one"

  - by Doug

  Hi there, I have a domain with 3 AD servers for now i'll just call them: AD01 (Win 2008 GC, Operations master) AD02 (Win 2008 GC) AD03 (Win 2003 GC) A couple of months there was some hardware issues with AD01 so the operations master, PDC and Infrastructure Master was moved to AD02. All machines where on while this was happening. AD01 (Win 2008 GC) AD02 (Win 2008 GC, Operations master) AD03 (Win 2003 GC) AD01 was then shutdown for a month. Upon starting this machine up with replaced hardware (NIC and RAID card) i now have a weird problem. AD01 Thinks it is operations master still in AD on the local box AD02 & AD03 Thinks AD02 is operations master in AD on both boxes When running DCDIAG on AD01 i get a number of issues (listed below) When running "dcdiag /test:advertising" on AD01: Doing primary tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\AD01 Starting test: Advertising Warning: DsGetDcName returned information for \\ad02.domain.local, when we were trying to reach AD01. SERVER IS NOT RESPONDING or IS NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE. ......................... AD01 failed test Advertising Running partition tests on : ForestDnsZones Running partition tests on : DomainDnsZones Running partition tests on : Schema Running partition tests on : Configuration Running partition tests on : domain Running enterprise tests on : domain.local When running "dcdiag" on AD01 i get the following errors (excerpt of the Final output): Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\AD01 Starting test: Advertising Warning: DsGetDcName returned information for \\ad02.domain.local, when we were trying to reach AD01. SERVER IS NOT RESPONDING or IS NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE. ......................... AD01 failed test Advertising Starting test: FrsEvent There are warning or error events within the last 24 hours after the SYSVOL has been shared. Failing SYSVOL replication problems may cause Group Policy problems. Starting test: NCSecDesc Error NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS doesn't have Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set access rights for the naming context: DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=domain,DC=local Error NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS doesn't have Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set access rights for the naming context: DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=domain,DC=local Starting test: Replications [Replications Check,Replications Check] Inbound replication is disabled. To correct, run "repadmin /options AD01 -DISABLE_INBOUND_REPL" [Replications Check,AD01] Outbound replication is disabled. To correct, run "repadmin /options AD01 -DISABLE_OUTBOUND_REPL" So the problem appeasr to be that when i moved the operations master, AD01 never got the memo, and now that it's started up, all the other AD servers don't think its the boss anymore when it trys to replicate etc. So i really need to manually update AD01 so that it knows who the operations master, instrastructure and PDC is - but i'm not having any luck I've been googling for nearly a day and all solutions lead to "the cake is a lie" Your ninja skills will be greatly appreciated

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• Total newb having SSH tunnel and remote MySQL access problems

  - by kscott

  I don't often work with linux or need to SSH tunnel into remote MySQL databases, so pardon my ignorance. I'm using Windows 7 and am needing to connect to a remote MySQL instance on a Linux server. For months I had been using the HeidiSQL client application successfully. Today two things happened: the DB moved to a new server and I updated HeidiSQL, now I cannot log in to the MySQL server, when attempting I get this message from Heidi: SQL Error (2003) in statement #0: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061) If I use Putty, I can connect to the server and get MySQL access through command line, including fetching data from the DB. I assume this means my credentials and address are correct, but do not understand why putting those same details into HeidiSQL's SSH tunnel info won't work. I also downloaded the MySQL Workbench and attempted to set up a connection through that client and got this message: Cannot Connect to Database Server Your connection attempt failed for user 'myusername' from your host to server at localhost:3306: Lost connection to MySQL server at 'reading initial communication packet', system error: 0 Please: 1 Check that mysql is running on server localhost 2 Check that mysql is running on port 3306 (note: 3306 is the default, but this can be changed) 3 Check the myusername has rights to connect to localhost from your address (mysql rights define what clients can connect to the server and from which machines) 4 Make sure you are both providing a password if needed and using the correct password for localhost connecting from the host address you're connecting from From Googling around I see that it could be related to the MySQL bind-address, but I am a third party sub-contractor with no access to the MySQL settings of this box and the system admin is assuring me that I'm an idiot and need to figure it out on my end. This is completely possible but I don't know what else to try. Edit 1 - The client settings I am using In Heidi and MySQL Workbench I am using the following: SSH host + port: theHostnameOfTheRemoteServer.com:22 {this is the same host I can Putty to} SSH Username: mySSHusername {the same user name I use for my Putty connection} SSH Password: mySSHpassword {the same password for the Putty connection} Local port: 3307 {this is on the SSH settings tab and was defaulted to 3307 by Heidi, changing it to 3306 gives me a different error: SQL Error (1045) in statement #0: Access denied for user 'mySQLusername'@'localhost' (using password: YES)"} MySQL host: theHostnameOfTheRemoteServer.com {consensus seems to be I should use 'localhost' here} MySQL User: mySQLusername {which I can connect with once in with Putty} MySQL Password: mySQLpassword {which works once in with Putty} Port: 3306

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• Flash was "not designed to function across LANs". Any workarounds?

  - by Triynko

  See: http://helpx.adobe.com/flash/kb/problems-using-flash-authoring-across.html Issue When using Adobe Flash across a local area network (LAN) and networked drives/folders, you may experience any of the following problems:" Flash crashes while performing a test movie on FLA files located on a networked drive or folder. FLA files get corrupted when opening from or saving to networked drives or folder. Flash does not reflect changes in custom class after compiling. Flash, Flash Video Encoder, or Adobe Media Encodercrashes or corrupts Flash Video (FLV) files while encoding source located on networked drives or folder. Flash Video Encoder or Adobe Media Encoder crashes or corrupts FLV files where the output folder is a networked drive or folder. Published Flash Player (SWF) files and projectors are unable to load content located on networked drives or folder. More than one instance of a SWF or Projector on client machines cannot play back FLV files located on a networked drive or folder. Reason The Adobe Flash IDE, FLV Encoder, Adobe Media Encoderand Flash Player were not designed to function across LANs. Solution Use of Flash files across local networks is not supported in any context. Published content should access data through a web server. All file sources should be opened and saved on the local system. Using Flash in such a scenario for project collaboration or content deployment is highly discouraged and may corrupt your source files. If you need to work in a collaborative environment or store source files on a server, use the project panel and/or a third-party version control system. SERIOUSLY? I cannot work on files located on a mapped network drive? How did they mess that one up? Does the Flash IDE really open the source file and wipe it clean to do the saving, rather than saving a copy first then replacing it as an atomic file system operation? How hard would it be for them make a dummy temporary file for saving then issue a MOVE command? Any workarounds for this, like something that can make a network drive as stable as a local drive, like some kind of automatic local caching and synching?

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• Constructing radiotap header and ieee80211 header structures for packet injection

  - by hektor

  I am trying to communicate between two laptop machines using Wifi. The structure of the radiotap header and ieee80211 header I am using is: struct ieee80211_radiotap_header { unsigned char it_version; uint16_t it_len; uint32_t it_present; }; /* Structure for 80211 header */ struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr { uint16_t frame_ctl[2]; uint16_t duration_id; unsigned char addr1[ETH_ALEN]; unsigned char addr2[ETH_ALEN]; unsigned char addr3[ETH_ALEN]; uint16_t seq_ctl; }; struct packet { struct ieee80211_radiotap_header rtap_header; struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr iee802_header; unsigned char payload[30]; }; /* In main program */ struct packet mypacket; struct ieee80211_radiotap_header ratap_header; struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr iee802_header; unsigned char addr1[ETH_ALEN] = {0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF}; /* broadcast address */ unsigned char addr2[ETH_ALEN] = {0x28,0xcf,0xda,0xde,0xd3,0xcc}; /* mac address of network card */ unsigned char addr3[ETH_ALEN] = {0xd8,0xc7,0xc8,0xd7,0x9f,0x21}; /* mac address of access point i am trying to connect to */ /* Radio tap header data */ ratap_header.it_version = 0x00; ratap_header.it_len = 0x07; ratap_header.it_present = (1 << IEEE80211_RADIOTAP_RATE); mypacket.rtap_header = ratap_header; /* ieee80211 header data */ iee802_header.frame_ctl[0] = IEEE80211_FC0_VERSION_0 | IEEE80211_FC0_TYPE_MGT | IEEE80211_FC0_SUBTYPE_BEACON; iee802_header.frame_ctl[1] =IEEE80211_FC1_DIR_NODS; strcpy(iee802_header.addr1,addr1); strcpy(iee802_header.addr2,addr2); strcpy(iee802_header.addr3,addr3); iee802_header.seq_ctl = 0x1086; mypacket.iee802_header=iee802_header; /* Payload */ unsigned char payload[PACKET_LENGTH]="temp"; strcpy(mypacket.payload , payload); I am able to receive the packets when I test the transmission and reception on the same laptop. However I am not able to receive the packet transmitted on a different laptop. Wireshark does not show the packet as well. Can anyone point out the mistake I am making?

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• Port forwarding problem

  - by Steve

  I have a modem connecting to ADSL2 network and a router connecting to the modem. The rest of the machines all connect to the router. The modem has IP as 192.168.1.1 and the router's IP is 192.168.0.1. From the modem configuration, I can see that the modem thinks the router's IP is 192.168.1.2. I can visit the router by either using 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.2. Now I forward a port from the router to a private machine. It works. I can test it by typing 192.168.1.2 and it is redirected to the private machine. But if I use 192.168.0.1, it is still the router's configuration page. I also do a port forwarding on my modem. Since the modem sees only the router, I can only forward the port to the router's specific port. And I am thinking that by doing this, I can reach the private machine after two times port forwarding, once on the modem and once on the router. I also have a static public IP. I want to achieve the goal that when someone types the public IP, he will be redirected to the private machine. But when I use some online port forwarding tester, the result always says that the port is closed on the public IP. I have the questions: Why my router has two IPs? Why using one IP I can see the port forwarding result while using the other I cannot? I think the port forwarding only works when visiting from outside, rather than from both outside and inside. Otherwise, if I set port forwarding on my router/modem on port 80, I will never be able to see its original configuration page again. Everything is forwarded. Am I right? How can I achieve my goal described above? By achieve this, I will have a dedicated server of my own and the users can visit from the public IP. Anyone can correct me on any mistakes I made? I am using Netconn modem and D-Link DIR-300 router. Thank you very much for any help. Edit: Consider I have correctly setup the whole thing. Now I want to test my website by using public IP to visit it, but the port forwarding doesn't work. Does it consider that I am inside the local network and not using the port forwarding? If so, how can I do it? I ask my friends (outside my local network) to have a try and they can see the website. What should I do so that from the inside, I can do the testing? Thank you very much.

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• Setting up a very mixed Active Directory network to work with PowerShell Remote Administration

  - by erictheavg

  Summary: I want to be able to monitor the computers on my network, but don't need it to be automated. We're too small to purchase anything like MOM, but too big to do anything manually (~100 machines in two locations). I just keep running into issues, and was wondering if there's a master list of Group Policy settings I can distribute to my environment to get Remote Powershell working. Environment: Our AD network is pretty mixed. The end users have XP SP3, Win 7, and Win 7 x64. The servers include Win2k3 SP2, Win2k8, Win2k8 x64, Win2k8 R2, and Win2k8 R2 x64. Details: I'm trying to get it to work with Remote Powershell, but I run into errors like the following: Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message : The WinRM client cannot process the request. Default authentication may be used with an IP address under the following conditions: the transport is HTTPS or the destination is in the TrustedHosts list, and explicit credentials are provided. Use winrm.cmd to configure TrustedHosts. Note that computers in the TrustedHosts list might not be authenticated. For more information on how to set TrustedHosts run the following command: winrm help config. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic. + CategoryInfo : OpenError: (:) [], PSRemotingTransportException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PSSessionStateBroken Then I go to the computer (Win2k3 SP2 server) and run winrm quickconfig per the recommendations via google, and it says: Make these changes [y/n]? y WinRM has been updated to receive requests. WinRM service started. WSManFault Message = The client cannot connect to the destination specified in the request. Verify that the service on the destination is running and is accepting requests. Consult the logs and documentation for the WS-Management service running on the destination, most commonly IIS or WinRM. If the destination is the WinRM service, run the following command on the destination to analyze and configure the WinRM service: "winrm quickconfig". Error number: -2144108526 0x80338012 The client cannot connect to the destination specified in the request. Verify that the service on the destination is running and is accepting requests. Consult the logs and documentation for the WS-Management service running on the destination, most commonly IIS or WinRM. If the destination is the WinRM service, run the following command on the destination to analyze and configure the WinRM service: "winrm quickconfig". That's right. It tells me to remedy my winrm quickconfig failure by running winrm quickconfig. I don't want to band-aid this project one google search at a time. I'm sure there is a step-by-step tutorial out there on how to set up a network for powershell remote administration. Does anyone know of one? Books are acceptable. Thanks in advance! I didn't think my question would get this long.

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• Clonezilla restore from Samba - no 'restoredisk' option

  - by MT_Head

  I used a CloneZilla LiveCD to back up a couple of Windows machines to a Samba share. Now I'm trying to restore those images, and CloneZilla won't even give me the 'restoredisk' or 'restorepart' options on the menu. I'm guessing that this is because CZ isn't recognizing a valid image... but why? Here's a listing of the folder on the Samba share: -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 319 May 31 03:45 blkdev.list -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 5307 May 31 04:41 clonezilla-img -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 4 May 31 04:31 disk -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 16091 May 31 04:31 Info-dmi.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 11029 May 31 04:31 Info-lshw.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 1502 May 31 04:31 Info-lspci.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 170 May 31 04:31 Info-packages.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 80 May 31 04:41 Info-saved-by-cmd.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 10 May 31 04:31 parts -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 2097152000 May 31 04:06 sda1.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.aa -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 247361656 May 31 04:08 sda1.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.ab -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 823182034 May 31 04:31 sda2.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz.aa -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 36 May 31 03:45 sda-chs.sf -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 31744 May 31 03:45 sda-hidden-data-after-mbr -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 512 May 31 03:45 sda-mbr -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 315 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.parted -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 285 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.parted.compact -rwxrwxrwx 1 marc users 259 May 31 03:45 sda-pt.sf (I've been experimenting with various permissions trying to get this to work; that's why they're currently all "rwxrwxrwx"...) I've got my CZ LiveCD stuck in a (different) machine with a 160GB SATA disk that I'm fine with overwriting; although CZ doesn't show a directory listing, it does show that the correct folder is mounted as /home/partimag. But a moment later, after selecting either Beginner or Expert, I'm only presented with the "savedisk", "saveparts", and "exit" options. What am I doing wrong? I am confident that the initial backup was successful; I can post the log if desired, or any other information that might be germane. Edit: I've copied the contents of the folder onto a 16GB USB stick and set THAT as /home/partimag. Still nothing. What the hell is CZ looking for?

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• Autoloading Development or Production configs (best practices)

  - by Xeoncross

  When programming sites you usually have one set of config files for the development environment and another set for the production server (or one file with both settings). I am assuming all projects should be handled by version control like git or svn. Manual file transfers (like FTP) is wrong on so many levels. How you enable/disable the correct settings (so that your system knows which ones to use) is a problem for me. Each system I work on just kind of jimmy-rigs a solution. Below are the 3 methods I know of and I am hoping that someone can submit a more elegant solutions. 1) File Based The system loads a folder structure based on the URL requested. /site.com /site.fakeTLD /lib index.php For example, if the url is http://site.com then the system loads the production config files located in the site.com folder. However, if I'm working on the site locally I visit http://site.fakeTLD to work on the local copy of the site. To setup this I edit my hosts file and add site.fakeTLD to point to my own computer (127.0.0.1/localhost) and then create a vhost in apache. So now I can work on the codebase locally and then push to the server without any trouble. The problem is that this is susceptible to a "host" injection attack. So someone loading site.com could set the host to site.fakeTLD and then the system would load my development config files instead of production. 2) Config Based The config files contain on section for development - and one for production. The problem is that each time you go to push your changes to the repo you have to edit the file to specify which set of config options should be used. $use = 'production'; //'development'; This leaves the repo open to human error should one of the developers forget to enable the right setting. 3) File System Check Based All the development machines have an extra empty file called "development.txt" or something. Each time the system loads it checks for this file - if found then it knows it is in development mode - if missing then it knows it is in production mode. Since the file is NEVER ADDED to the repo then it will never be pushed (and checked out) on the production machine. However, this just doesn't feel right and causes a slight slow down since all filesystem checks are slow.

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• Stop squid caching 302 and 307 with deny_info

  - by 0xception

  TLDR: 302, 307 and Error pages are being cached. Need to force a refresh of the content. Long version: I've setup a very minimal squid instance running on a gateway which shouldn't not cache ANYTHING but needs to be solely used as a domain based web filter. I'm using another application which redirects un-authenticated users to the proxy which then uses the deny_info option redirects any non-whitelisted request to the login page. After the user has authenticated the firewall rule gets placed so they no longer get sent to the proxy. The problem is that when a user hits a website (xkcd.com) they are unauthenticated so they get redirected via the firewall: iptables -A unknown-user -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 39135 to the proxy at this point squid redirects the user to the login page using a 302 (i've also tried 307, and i've also make sure the headers are set to no-cache and/or no-store for Cache-Control and Pragma). Then when the user logs into the system they get firewall rule which no longer directs them to the squid proxy. But if they go to xkcd.com again they will have the original redirection page cached and will once again get the login page. Any idea how to force these redirects to NOT be cached by the browser? Perhaps this is a problem w/ the browsers and not squid, but not sure how to get around it. Full squid config below. # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 acl localnet src 192.168.182.0/23 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl https port 443 acl http port 80 acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Disable Cache # cache deny all via off negative_ttl 0 seconds refresh_all_ims on #error_default_language en # Allow manager access only from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny access to anything other then http http_access deny !http # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !https visible_hostname gate.ovatn.net # Disable memory pooling memory_pools off # Never use neigh cache objects for cgi-bin scripts hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # # URL rewrite Test Settings # #acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" #url_rewrite_program /usr/lib/squid/redirector #url_rewrite_access allow !whitelist #url_rewrite_children 5 startup=0 idle=1 concurrency=0 #http_access allow all # # Deny Info Error Test # acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" deny_info http://login.domain.com/ whitelist #deny_info ERR_ACCESS_DENIED whitelist http_access deny !whitelist http_access allow whitelist http_port 39135 transparent ## Debug Values access_log /var/log/squid/access-pre.log cache_log /var/log/squid/cache-pre.log # Production Values #access_log /dev/null #cache_log /dev/null # Set PID file pid_filename /var/run/gatekeeper-pre.pid SOLUTION: I believe I might have found a solution to this. After days and days trying to figure it out, only through a random stumble I found client_persistent_connections off server_persistent_connections off This did the trick. So it wasn't so much cache as it was a single persistent connection messing things up. W000T!

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• KeePass justification

  - by Jeff Walker

  I work at a place that tries to take security seriously, but sadly, they often fail. Currently, one of the major ways they fail is password management. I personally have about 20 accounts (my personal user id on lots of machines). For shared "system" accounts, there are about 45 per environment; development, test, and production. I have access to 2 of those, so my personal total is somewhere around 115 accounts. Passwords have to be at least 15 characters with some extensive but standard complexity constraints, and have to be changed every 60 days or so (system accounts every year). They also should not be the same for different accounts, but that isn't enforced. Think DoD-type standards. There is no way to remember and keep up with this. It just isn't humanly possible, as far as I'm concerned. This might be a good justification of a centralized account management system, a la LDAP or ActiveDirectory, but that is a totally different battle. Currently the solution is an Excel spreadsheet. They use Excel to put a password on it, and then most people make a copy and remove the password. This makes my stomach turn. I use KeePass for this problem and it manages all of my account very well. I like the features like auto-typing, grouping, plugins, password generation, etc. It uses AES-256 encryption via the .Net framework, and while not FIPS compliant, it has a very good reputation. The only problem is that they are also very careful about using randomly downloaded software. So we have to justify every piece of software on our workstations. I have been told that they really don't want me to use this, be cause of the "sensitive nature" of storing passwords. sigh My justification has to be "VERY VERY strong". I have been tasked with writing a justification for KeePass, but as I am lazy, I would like any input that I can get from the community. What do you recommend? Is there something out there that is better or more respected than KeePass? Is there any security experts saying interesting things on this topic? Anything will help at this point. Thanks.

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• Nagios3: Conditional operators for service checks?

  - by Dave

  I'm trying to setup Nagios to monitor my various using hostgroups to define 'machine roles', against which I run services to check the machines by role. However, I'd like to use conditional operators that would enable me to run the service check against an intersection of two host groups, rather than their unions... i.e. using &&, ||, or () operators. For example, imagine I have the following servers: www-eu: Linux WWW (Apache) server, in the EU www-us: Windows WWW (IIS) server, in the US (West coast) ftp-eu: Linux FTP server, in the EU ftp-us: Windows FTP server, in the US I would want to create the following host groups: US-Servers: www-us, ftp-us EU-Servers: www-eu, ftp-eu WWW-Servers: www-us, www-eu FTP-Servers: ftp-us, ftp-eu Now say I'm interested in checking the HTTP response time for my web servers. Then let's say this particular Nagios service is running from the US (West Coast), and that I have a command called *check_http_response_time*. This command will check the responsiveness of the HTTP server, which I can provide an argument which defines the max response time before raising critical. My command might look like: check_http_response_time $HOSTNAME$ 50 Now traditionally, I can run my checks by specifying a list of host or hostgroups. define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers # Servers = www-us, www-eu servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } However, with the above service definition, given my Nagios service is in US West, I could reasonably expect that my EU server will return critical. Really, I want different thresholds for each region (50 for US West, 200 for EU.) I would have to permutate my service for each host and set their custom threshold, or alternatively permutate out my service groups by role & region (i.e. WWW-Servers-EU), and run my specific thresholds against those. Though the latter is better, both are much messier than I'd like... What I would love, and what this post is asking for, is a way to use hostgroups to perform an intersection using conditional logic, rather than a simple union. It might look like: define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers && US-Servers servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } It then would run the check only against servers that are in both WWW-Servers and US-Servers, in my example, just www-us. The benefits of such a feature would be significant for Nagios services configured for large-scale. Is this feature available? If it isn't, will it be available in the future? Is there an alternative way to accomplish this given the most recent Nagios version? Any tips/suggestions are most appreciated! Dave

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• 2 Servers setup for redundency, backup

  - by minal

  I presently have 1 dedicated virtual server running my website/blog/mail, etc. This is on Hyper-V with 512MB RAM. Windows Web2008. With the VM, I have these running within it: SmarterMail – for emails MS DNS – I have my own nameservers on this server SQL Express IIS7 2 IP Address I have now leased 2 physical servers : P4 2.6Ghz 1GB RAM 80GB HDD. With these new servers, I get 2 IPs per server as well. These are running Windows 2008 Standard. With the VM the HDD was obviously on a RAID setup so I was not worried about hardware issues as it fell on the provider to manage. However, with the new servers the HDD is not RAID’d, hence my concern is that if it fails I need a backup position. What would be the most ideal setup to go for? I am thinking: Server 1: (Web/PrimaryDNS) DNS – NS1 SQL Express – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down SmarterMail – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down IIS 7 Server2:(SQL/Backup) DNS – NS2 SQL Web Edition SmarterMail IIS 7 How can I set it up so that if 1 goes down I can have everything on 2 instantly or by manual switching over. I am confused as other DNS servers will cache the web servers IP address for requests, and if that server goes down, the backup server will have a different IP. How do I make this work? I will be doing routine backups, in which case I will keep copies of backups on both servers. If I am copying the same stuff on both servers like a mirror then I am losing on using the true performance out of it. It's like 1 server is always on standby. Ideally I want SQL and web on 2 diff machines for best performance. If Server1 goes down, I should be able to switch to Server2 fairly easily. I don't have a problem with manual intervention to start the sql/mail services, etc. In terms of scalabilty, the VM has coped pretty well to date. Moving forward the SQL and IIS workload is going to double pretty quickly. Some ideas would be great.

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• Encrypted off-site data storage

  - by Dan

  My business has a rather unique problem. We work in China and we want to implement a file server paradigm which does not store any files locally, but rather in a server overseas. Applications would be saved onto our local machines, but data would be loaded directly into memory from the cloud, e.g. I load a docx into word at the beginning of the day, saving periodically to the cloud as I work on it, and turn off my computer at night, with nothing saved locally. Considering recent events, we worry about being raided by the Chinese authorities, and although all our data is encrypted, it would not be hard for the authorities to force us to give up the keys. So the goal is not to have anything compromising physically in China. We have about 20 computers, and we need an authenticated, encrypted connection with this overseas file server. A system with Active-Directory-like permissions would be best, so that only management can read or write to certain files, or workers can only access files that relate to their projects, and to which all access can be cut off should the need arise. The file server itself would also need to be encrypted. And for convenience, it would be nice if this system was integrated with each computer's file explorer (like skydrive or dropbox does, but, again, without saving a copy locally), rather than through a browser. I can't find any solution online. Does anyone know of a service that does this? Otherwise I'll have to do it myself (which kinda sounds fun, but I don't really have the time), and I'm not sure where to start. Amazon maybe. But the protocols that offices would use on their intranet typically aren't encrypted; we need all traffic securely tunneled out of the country. Each computer already has a VPN to a server in California, but I'm unsure whether it would be efficient to pipe file transfers through it. Let me know if anyone has any ideas. And this is my first post; feel free say whether this question is inappropriate/needs to be posted elsewhere.

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• KVM network bridge and public static IP for both host and guests

  - by Javier Martinez

  I have a Debian Server with 4 public static addresses. There is a KVM guest (also Debian) installed and running. What I want is to give the guest an IP of the host, so that both machines have public IPs. IP 1: 188.165.A.B IP 2: 178.33.CCC.D IP 3: 178.33.CCC.E IP 4: 178.33.CCC.F What should I do to have connection for host and guest ? This is network conf: # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:188.165.A.B Bcast:188.165.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3618 errors:0 dropped:4 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4853 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:599562 (585.5 KiB) TX bytes:1693443 (1.6 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4274 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4879 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:720045 (703.1 KiB) TX bytes:1715641 (1.6 MiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.D Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.E Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.F Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB) TX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:87:40:ec inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe87:40ec/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:204 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:1452 (1.4 KiB) TX bytes:16958 (16.5 KiB) #route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default aa.bb.cc.eu 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0 188.165.255.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0 # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.e840f20acc28 no eth0 vnet0 There is no firewall enabled and DNS is configured properly. What I want to achieve: | | | +----+-------------------------+-+------+ | | Host | | | | | | | | | | +------------+------+ | | eth0 | eth0:0-1 | | | 188.165.A.B | | | | | | | | | br0 vnet0 | | | +------------+------+ | | | | | | | | +------------+------+ | | | | | | | | eth0:2-+ | | | | 178.33.CCC.F | | | | | | | | Guest | | | +-------------------+ | +---------------------------------------+ Thanks you

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• KVM network bridge and public static IP for both host and guests

  - by Javier Martinez

  I have a Debian Server with 4 public static addresses. There is a KVM guest (also Debian) installed and running. What I want is to give the guest an IP of the host, so that both machines have public IPs. IP 1: 188.165.A.B IP 2: 178.33.CCC.D IP 3: 178.33.CCC.E IP 4: 178.33.CCC.F What should I do to have connection for host and guest ? This is network conf: # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:188.165.A.B Bcast:188.165.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3618 errors:0 dropped:4 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4853 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:599562 (585.5 KiB) TX bytes:1693443 (1.6 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet6 addr: fe80::ea40:f2ff:fe0a:cc28/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4274 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4879 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:720045 (703.1 KiB) TX bytes:1715641 (1.6 MiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.D Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.E Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:40:f2:0a:cc:28 inet addr:178.33.CCC.F Bcast:178.33.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:20 Memory:fe500000-fe520000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:27932 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB) TX bytes:1820862 (1.7 MiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:87:40:ec inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe87:40ec/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:18 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:204 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:1452 (1.4 KiB) TX bytes:16958 (16.5 KiB) #route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default aa.bb.cc.eu 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0 188.165.255.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0 # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.e840f20acc28 no eth0 vnet0 There is no firewall enabled and DNS is configured properly. What I want to achieve: | | | +----+-------------------------+-+------+ | | Host | | | | | | | | | | +------------+------+ | | eth0 | eth0:0-1 | | | 188.165.A.B | | | | | | | | | br0 vnet0 | | | +------------+------+ | | | | | | | | +------------+------+ | | | | | | | | eth0:2-+ | | | | 178.33.CCC.F | | | | | | | | Guest | | | +-------------------+ | +---------------------------------------+ Thanks you

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• Netdom to restore machine secret

  - by icelava

  I have a number of virtual machines that have not been switched on for over a month, and some others which have been rolled back to an older state. They are members of a domain, and have expired their machine secrets; thus unable to authenticate with the domain any longer. Event Type: Warning Event Source: LSASRV Event Category: SPNEGO (Negotiator) Event ID: 40960 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: The Security System detected an authentication error for the server ldap/iceland.icelava.home. The failure code from authentication protocol Kerberos was "The attempted logon is invalid. This is either due to a bad username or authentication information. (0xc000006d)". For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c000006d Event Type: Warning Event Source: LSASRV Event Category: SPNEGO (Negotiator) Event ID: 40960 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: The Security System detected an authentication error for the server cifs/iceland.icelava.home. The failure code from authentication protocol Kerberos was "The attempted logon is invalid. This is either due to a bad username or authentication information. (0xc000006d)". For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c000006d Event Type: Error Event Source: NETLOGON Event Category: None Event ID: 3210 Date: 14/05/2009 Time: 10:24:54 AM User: N/A Computer: TFS2008WDATA Description: This computer could not authenticate with \\iceland.icelava.home, a Windows domain controller for domain ICELAVA, and therefore this computer might deny logon requests. This inability to authenticate might be caused by another computer on the same network using the same name or the password for this computer account is not recognized. If this message appears again, contact your system administrator. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Data: 0000: c0000022 So I try to use netdom to re-register the machine back to the domain C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>netdom reset tfs2008wdata /domain:icelava /UserO:enterpriseadmin /PasswordO:mypassword Logon Failure: The target account name is incorrect. The command failed to complete successfully. But have not been successful. I wonder what else needs to be done?

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• RAID 50 24Port Fast Writes Slow Reads - Ubuntu

  - by James

  What is going on here?! I am baffled. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 57.0948 s, 735 MB/s serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo dd if=/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test/test.fs of=/dev/null bs=4096k count=10000 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 41943040000 bytes (42 GB) copied, 116.189 s, 361 MB/s OF NOTE: My RAID50 is 3 sets of 8 disks. - This might not be the best config for SPEED. OS: Ubuntu 12.04.1 x64 Hardware Raid: RocketRaid 2782 - 24 Port Controller HardDriveType: Seagate Barracuda ES.2 1TB Drivers: v1.1 Open Source Linux Drivers. So 24 x 1TB drives, partitioned using parted. Filesystem is ext4. I/O scheduler WAS noop but have changed it to deadline with no seemingly performance benefit/cost. serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal/test$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sdb GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.1 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Disk /dev/sdb: 41020686336 sectors, 19.1 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 95045EC6-6EAF-4072-9969-AC46A32E38C8 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41020686302 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 5062589 sectors (2.4 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 41015625727 19.1 TiB 0700 primary To me this should be working fine. I can't think of anything that would be causing this other then fundamental driver errors? I can't seem to get much/if any higher then the 361MB a second, is this hitting the "SATA2" link speed, which it shouldn't given it is a PCIe2.0 card. Or maybe some cacheing quirk - I do have Write Back enabled. Does anyone have any suggestions? Tests for me to perform? Or if you require more information, I am happy to provide it! This is a video fileserver for editing machines, so we have a preference for FAST reads over writes. I was just expected more from RAID 50 and 24 drives together... EDIT: (hdparm results) serveradmin@FILESERVER:/Volumes/MercuryInternal$ sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 17458 MB in 2.00 seconds = 8735.50 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 884 MB in 3.00 seconds = 294.32 MB/sec EDIT2: (config details) Also, I am using a RAID block size of 256K. I was told a larger block size is better for larger (in my case large video) files. EDIT3: (Bonnie++ Results. Would love some guidance with this!)

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• I/O intensive MySql server on Amazon AWS

  - by rhossi

  We recently moved from a traditional Data Center to cloud computing on AWS. We are developing a product in partnership with another company, and we need to create a database server for the product we'll release. I have been using Amazon Web Services for the past 3 years, but this is the first time I received a spec with this very specific hardware configuration. I know there are trade-offs and that real hardware will always be faster than virtual machines, and knowing that fact forehand, what would you recommend? 1) Amazon EC2? 2) Amazon RDS? 3) Something else? 4) Forget it baby, stick to the real hardware Here is the hardware requirements This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 1 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 2 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. Thanks in advance. Best,

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• Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux

  - by shakaran

  It is possible Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux instead of Ethernet-to-Ethernet? I have a CentOS 6.3 machine. I am using KVM and I want perform a brigde for virtualize more machines. This machine is connected only via wireless connection and it doesn't have a ethernet connection. So, I did a bridge over the WiFi interface like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE="br0" NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.50 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System br0" Then I edit my wireless conection like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-mywireless ESSID="mywireless" MODE=Managed KEY_MGMT=WPA-PSK WPA_ALLOW_WPA2=yes CIPHER_PAIRWISE=CCMP CIPHER_GROUP=CCMP TYPE=Wireless #BOOTPROTO=none #IPADDR=192.168.1.50 #PREFIX=24 #GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #DNS1=8.8.8.8 #DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="Auto mywireless" UUID=874***** ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1355923469 BRIDGE=br0 After, I restart the network: # /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface Auto_mywireless: Error: Unknown connection: 874***** [FAILED] Bringing up interface br0: [ OK ] But as you can see, it show a error. My ifconfig output shows now: # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6E:20:AD:CE:D8:AB inet addr:192.168.1.50 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6c20:adff:fece:d8ab/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:6393 (6.2 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) TX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) ra0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:F7:2B:87:E5 inet addr:192.168.1.42 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::222:f7ff:fe2b:87e5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:46 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:487894880 (465.2 MiB) TX bytes:148136473 (141.2 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:5B:30:9A inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:5838 (5.7 KiB) But this doesn't give internet connection and I loss access to 192.168.1.50. So, it is possible setup this networking bridge WiFi-to-Ethernet?

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• OpenVPN not sending traffic to internet?

  - by coleifer

  I've set up openvpn on my pi and am running into a small issue. I can connect to the VPN server and ping it just fine, and I can also connect to other machines on my local network. However I am unable, when connected to the VPN, to reach the outside world (either by name lookup or IP). here are the details: On the server the tun0 interface: tun0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.8.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 destination 10.8.0.2 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 100 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 I can ping it just fine: # ping -c 3 10.8.0.1 PING 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.155 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.156 ms --- 10.8.0.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms Routing table # ip route show default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 metric 204 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.6 metric 204 I also have ip traffic forwarding: net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 I do not have any custom iptables rules (that I'm aware of). On the client, I can connect to the VPN. Here is my tun0: tun0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.8.0.6 netmask 255.255.255.255 destination 10.8.0.5 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 100 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 21 bytes 1527 (1.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 And on the client I can ping it: sudo ping -c 3 10.8.0.6 PING 10.8.0.6 (10.8.0.6) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms 64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms --- 10.8.0.6 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.026/0.031/0.035/0.003 ms I can ssh from the client into another server on my LAN (192.168.1.x), however I cannot reach anything outside my LAN. Here's some of the server logs at the bottom of this gist: https://gist.github.com/coleifer/6ef95c3008f130249933/edit I am frankly out of ideas! I don't think it's my client because both my laptop and my phone (which has an openvpn client) exhibit the same behavior. I had OpenVPN installed on this pi before using debian and it worked, so I don't think it's my router but of course anything is possible.

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• FTP could not connect after applying local DNS(private DNS)

  - by Rahul

  I made a software router in CentOS linux and in that made a DNS server. I am using centOS 6..4 for making DNS i applied following steps: changed the host name = abc.zoom.com and domain name = zoom.com. then did changes in the named.rfc.1912 file as per rename named.localhost = forward and named.loopback = reverse in forward lookups i changed zone "zoom.com" IN { type master; file "forward"; allow-update { none; }; and in reverse lookups i changed zone "x.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "reverse"; allow-update { none; }; and then did changes in the named.conf file options { listen-on port 53 {192.168.x.x;}; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; allow-query {any;}; recursion yes; 192.168.x.x is my local DNS address. then i copied lookups file in /var/named and edited the file "forward" $TTL 1D @ IN SOA abc.zoom.com. rahul.abc.zoom.com. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS abc.zoom.com. abc A 192.168.x.x and for " reverse" $TTL 1D @ IN SOA abc.zoom.com. rahul.abc.zoom.com.( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS abc.zoom.com. x PTR abc.zoom.com. when i put the public ip details in the Eth0 it was automatically redirect in to the resolve.conf when i checked through dig command the answer, query all were 1. my system is itself a Software router.In gateway of my all local machine i give my system ip address. however my DNS and Gateway IP is same. Now the problem is that. i gave the static ips to all my local machines when i give the DNS which i made i.e 192.168.x.x that time my ftp is not connect in filezilla software E.g: host : pqr.zoom.com ("zoom.com" is my local domain name) username : pqr password : pqr gives an error: Error: Connection timed out Error: Could not connect to server but if i give the public DNS address it get connected. i want to solve this problem please give solution on this.

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• Critique My Backup and Storage Plan

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  My current storage (RAID-1 off of a hardware RAID card) and backup (a spare drive) solutions for my home network are inadequate. I have too much data scattered on various one-off drives. It is time to evolve. Backups seem simple enough, at least: lots of big drives. However, I am bewildered by the number of choices for small home storage. The Drobo S looks appealing. So does the ReadyNAS. I am not looking for bunches of shiny features, I'm mostly interested in reliability. I am not interested in building Yet Another PC to create a file server or doing something in the cloud, or whatever. I'm stupid, so I am keeping it simple. Requirements for Main Volume: Starting working space roughly 2TB, with options for growth up to 5TB RAID or something RAID-like with at least one parity drive eSATA II for speed during backups Ability to shut down gracefully when alerted of low power by a UPS Optional but Desirable: Will take 2TB drives now with options for the larger 3TB drives coming in 2010-2011 Optional but Desirable: : RAID-6 or something similar, with two parity drives Optional but Desirable: : Hot spare Ethernet connection not required, as the volume will be shared via the same machines which runs my home print server Backups: Backup performed via ROBOCOPY in mirror mode to an external hard drive via a eSATA II connection. Start with rotating between two external 2TB hard drives, will go up to six external 2TB drives. Start with a weekly backup, move to a bi-weekly backup as more drives are added. Move to 3TB drives as the size of my main volume increases. Backup drives will be stored on an off-site location. Hard drives: I plan on buying all of the same model, but different batches from different vendors. I found a "burn-in" utility with which I can pound away on the drives for a couple of weeks before adding them to the backup pool or the main volume. I estimate that I am looking at roughly $1,500 to start, once I start throwing in two TB drives for backup and four for storage. So, are there any obvious flaws in my plan? What have I overlooked? Any suggestions for the storage device for my main volume that fits my requirements? Or do I just keep it simple, 2 drives in RAID-1, then perform due diligence with my backups, accepting that I will have to buy a whole new unit when my data grows past 2TB?

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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