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  • Virtual destructors for interfaces.

    - by wowus
    Do interfaces need a virtual destructor, or is the auto-generated one fine? For example, which of the following two code snippets is best, and why? class Base { public: virtual void foo() = 0; virtual ~Base() {} }; OR... class Base { public: virtual void foo() = 0; };

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  • Whats wrong with the following code, its not compiling

    - by Ganesh Kundapur
    #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Base { public: void Display( void ) { cout<<"Base display"<<endl; } int Display( int a ) { cout<<"Base int display"<<endl; return 0; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: void Display( void ) { cout<<"Derived display"<<endl; } }; void main() { Derived obj; obj.Display(); obj.Display( 10 ); } $test1.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test1.cpp:35: error: no matching function for call to ‘Derived::Display(int)’ test1.cpp:24: note: candidates are: void Derived::Display() On commenting obj.Display(10), it works.

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  • Java applet wont run

    - by Courtney
    I am trying to get a Java applet to run properly when linked to an HTML page in Dreamweaver CC. I'm new to all this so please bear with me here. First I saved this code to a .java file //Triangle.java import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class Triangle extends Applet { public void paint (Graphics g){ int bottomX=80; int bottomY=200; int base=100; int height=100; g.drawLine(bottomX,bottomY,bottomX+base,bottomY); g.drawLine(bottomX+base,bottomY,bottomX+base/2,bottomY-height); g.drawLine(bottomX+base/2,bottomY-height, bottomX,bottomY); } } I then compiled it entering javac Triangle.java After that, I inserted it into a Dreamwever page using: <html> <applet code=Triangle.class width=400 height=400 > </applet> </html> Now when I try and open the page in Chrome I get an error reading: UnsupportedClassVersionError Triangle: Unsupported major.minor version 52.0 This, as I have read, is an issue with using two incompatible Java versions? In my Java Control Panel it says I am using version 1.8.0_20 and my JDK is jdk1.8.0_20. Does anyone see anything super obvious that I am doing wrong here?

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  • Figuring out what makes a C++ class abstract in VS2008

    - by suszterpatt
    I'm using VS2008 to build a plain old C++ program (not C++/CLI). I have an abstract base class and a non-abstract derived class, and building this: Base* obj; obj = new Derived(); fails with the error "'Derived': cannot instantiate abstract class". (It may be worth noting, however, that if I hover over Base with the cursor, VS will pop up a tooltip saying "class Base abstract", but hovering over Derived will only say "class Derived" (no "abstract")). The definitions of these classes are fairly large and I'd like to avoid manually checking if each method has been overridden. Can VS do this for me somehow? Any general tips on pinpointing the exact parts of the class' definition that make it abstract?

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  • Couldn't run loadjava on user schema to load dbwsclientws.jar dbwsclientdb102.jar

    - by padmaja
    I am trying to load oracle webservice client jars to my schema. I did set the PATH to inlcude: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin When I try to run loadjava as "loadjava -u myschema/myscehmapwd -r -v -f -genmissing dbwsclientws.jar dbwsclientdb102.jar" I am getting error: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: oracle/aurora/server/tools/loadjava/LoadJavaMain. Does it mean that jvm is not setup on the box? How can I check if the jvm is enabled or not? I am running it on Oracle 10g in UNIX environment. Any help with the issue is greatly appreciated.

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  • (this == null) in C#!

    - by SLaks
    Due to a bug that was fixed in C# 4, the following program prints true. (Try it in LINQPad) void Main() { new Derived(); } class Base { public Base(Func<string> valueMaker) { Console.WriteLine(valueMaker()); } } class Derived : Base { string CheckNull() { return "Am I null? " + (this == null); } public Derived() : base(() => CheckNull()) { } } In VS2008 in Release mode, in throws an InvalidProgramException. (In Debug mode, it works fine) In VS2010 Beta 2, it doesn't compile (I didn't try Beta 1); I learned that the hard way Is there any other way to make this == null in pure C#?

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  • How do I execute queries upon DB connection in Rails?

    - by sycobuny
    I have certain initializing functions that I use to set up audit logging on the DB server side (ie, not rails) in PostgreSQL. At least one has to be issued (setting the current user) before inserting data into or updating any of the audited tables, or else the whole query will fail spectacularly. I can easily call these every time before running any save operation in the code, but DRY makes me think I should have the code repeated in as few places as possible, particularly since this diverges greatly from the ideal of database agnosticism. Currently I'm attempting to override ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection in an initializer to set it up so that the queries are run as soon as I connect automatically, but it doesn't behave as I expect it to. Here is the code in the initializer: class ActiveRecord::Base # extend the class methods, not the instance methods class << self alias :old_establish_connection :establish_connection # hide the default def establish_connection(*args) ret = old_establish_connection(*args) # call the default # set up necessary session variables for audit logging # call these after calling default, to make sure conn is established 1st db = self.class.connection db.execute("SELECT SV.set('current_user', 'test@localhost')") db.execute("SELECT SV.set('audit_notes', NULL)") # end "empty variable" err ret # return the default's original value end end end puts "Loaded custom establish_connection into ActiveRecord::Base" sycobuny:~/rails$ ruby script/server = Booting WEBrick = Rails 2.3.5 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000 Loaded custom establish_connection into ActiveRecord::Base This doesn't give me any errors, and unfortunately I can't check what the method looks like internally (I was using ActiveRecord::Base.method(:establish_connection), but apparently that creates a new Method object each time it's called, which is seemingly worthless cause I can't check object_id for any worthwhile information and I also can't reverse the compilation). However, the code never seems to get called, because any attempt to run a save or an update on a database object fails as I predicted earlier. If this isn't a proper way to execute code immediately on connection to the database, then what is?

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  • make VIEW of SHOW TABLE query

    - by cneeds
    Is there a way to make a VIEW of this SHOW TABLE query? SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table" When I save this as a view (using phpMyAdmin) I get #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table"' at line 4 when phpMyAdmin tries to execute this CREATE ALGORITHM = UNDEFINED VIEW `Tables` AS SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `db_name` WHERE `Table_type` = "Base table"

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  • Rails 3 HABTM Strange Association: Project and Employee in a tree.

    - by Mauricio
    Hi guys I have to adapt an existing model to a new relation. I have this: A Project has many Employees. the Employees of a Project are organized in some kind of hierarchy (nothing fancy, I resolved this adding a parent_id for each employee to build the 'tree') class Employee < AR:Base belongs_to :project belongs_to :parent, :class_name => 'Employee' has_many :childs, :class_name => 'Employee', :foreign_column => 'parent_id' end class Project < AR:Base has_many :employees, end That worked like a charm, now the new requirement is: The Employees can belong to many Projects at the same time, and the hierarchy will be different according to the project. So I though I will need a new table to build the HABTM, and a new class to access the parent_id to build the tree. Something like class ProjectEmployee < AR:Base belongs_to :project belongs_to :employee belongs_to :parent, :class_name => 'Employee' # <--- ?????? end class Project < AR:Base has_many :project_employee has_many :employees, :through => :project_employee end class Employee < AR:Base has_many :project_employee has_many :projects, :through => :project_employee end How can I access the parent and the childs of an employee for a given project? I need to add and remove childs as wish from the employees of a project. Thank you!

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  • multiple models in Rails with a shared interface

    - by dfondente
    I'm not sure of the best structure for a particular situation in Rails. We have several types of workshops. The administration of the workshops is the same regardless of workshop type, so the data for the workshops is in a single model. We collect feedback from participants about the workshops, and the questionnaire is different for each type of workshop. I want to access the feedback about the workshop from the workshop model, but the class of the associated model will depend on the type of workshop. If I was doing this in something other than Rails, I would set up an abstract class for WorkshopFeedback, and then have subclasses for each type of workshop: WorkshopFeedbackOne, WorkshopFeedbackTwo, WorkshopFeedbackThree. I'm unsure how to best handle this with Rails. I currently have: class Workshop < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :workshop_feedbacks end class Feedback < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :workshop has_many :feedback_ones has_many :feedback_twos has_many :feedback_threes end class FeedbackOne < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :feedback end class FeedbackTwo < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :feedback end class FeedbackThree < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :feedback end This doesn't seem like to the cleanest way to access the feedback from the workshop model, as accessing the correct feedback will require logic investigating the Workshop type and then choosing, for instance, @workshop.feedback.feedback_one. Is there a better way to handle this situation? Would it be better to use a polymorphic association for feedback? Or maybe using a Module or Mixin for the shared Feedback interface? Note: I am avoiding using Single Table Inheritance here because the FeedbackOne, FeedbackTwo, FeedbackThree models do not share much common data, so I would end up with a large sparsely populated table with STI.

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  • how to avoid temporaries when copying weakly typed object

    - by Truncheon
    Hi. I'm writing a series classes that inherit from a base class using virtual. They are INT, FLOAT and STRING objects that I want to use in a scripting language. I'm trying to implement weak typing, but I don't want STRING objects to return copies of themselves when used in the following way (instead I would prefer to have a reference returned which can be used in copying): a = "hello "; b = "world"; c = a + b; I have written the following code as a mock example: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> std::string dummy("<int object cannot return string reference>"); struct BaseImpl { virtual bool is_string() = 0; virtual int get_int() = 0; virtual std::string get_string_copy() = 0; virtual std::string const& get_string_ref() = 0; }; struct INT : BaseImpl { int value; INT(int i = 0) : value(i) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } INT(BaseImpl& that) : value(that.get_int()) { std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return false; } int get_int() { return value; } std::string get_string_copy() { char buf[33]; sprintf(buf, "%i", value); return buf; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return dummy; } }; struct STRING : BaseImpl { std::string value; STRING(std::string s = "") : value(s) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return true; } int get_int() { return atoi(value.c_str()); } std::string get_string_copy() { return value; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return value; } }; struct Base { BaseImpl* impl; Base(BaseImpl* p = 0) : impl(p) {} ~Base() { delete impl; } }; int main() { Base b1(new INT(1)); Base b2(new STRING("Hello world")); Base b3(new INT(*b1.impl)); Base b4(new STRING(*b2.impl)); std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; return 0; } It was necessary to add an if check in the STRING class to determine whether its safe to request a reference instead of a copy: Script code: a = "test"; b = a; c = 1; d = "" + c; /* not safe to request reference by standard */ C++ code: STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } If was hoping there's a way of moving that if check into compile time, rather than run time.

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  • Behavior of virtual function in C++

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi everyone: I have a question, here are two class below: class Base{ public: virtual void toString(); // generic implementation } class Derive : public Base{ public: ( virtual ) void toString(); // specific implementation } The question is: If I wanna subclass of class Derive perform polymophism using a pointer of type Base, is keyword virtual in the bracket necessary? If the answer is no, what's the difference between member function toString of class Derive with and without virtual?

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  • Rails: url_for to be available in a isolated class that must be instanced

    - by Totty
    Rails: url_for to be available in a isolated class that must be instanced: class ProfilePresenter < ActionController::Base attr_reader :profile def initialize(profile) super @a = url_for(:controller => 'profiles', :action => 'view', :profile_url => 'dd') @a @profile = profile end end How to make the url_for work? i tried to extend the ActionController::Base and the ActionView::Base and i cant :s

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  • Why doesn't C++ allow you to request a pointer to the most derived class?

    - by Matthew Lowe
    (This question should probably be answered with a reference to Stroustrup.) It seems extremely useful to be able to request a pointer to the most derived class, as in the following: class Base { ... }; class DerivedA { ... }; class DerivedB { ... }; class Processor { public: void Do(Base* b) {...} void Do(DerivedA* d) {...} void Do(DerivedB* d) {...} }; list<Base*> things; Processor p; for(list<Base*>::iterator i=things.begin(), e=things.end(); i!=e; ++i) { p.Do(CAST_TO_MOST_DERIVED_CLASS(*i)); } But this mechanism isn't provided in c++. Why?

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  • Getting a type for a template instantiation?

    - by ebo
    I have the following situation: I have a object of type MyClass, which has a method to cast itself to it's base class. The class includes a typedef for it's base class and a method to do the downcast. template <class T, class B> class BaseClass; template <class T> class NoAccess; template <class T> class MyClass : public BaseClass<T, NoAccess<T> > { private: typedef BaseClass<T, NoAccess<T> > base; public: base &to_base(); }; I need to pass the result of a base call to a functor Operator: template <class Y> class Operator { Operator(Y &x); }; Operator<???> op(myobject.to_base()); Is there a easy way to fill the ??? provided that I do not want to use NoAccess?

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  • How to implement a private virtual function within derived classes?

    - by Dane
    Hi, I know why I want to use private virtual functions, but how exactly can I implement them? For example: class Base{ [...] private: virtual void func() = 0; [...] } class Derived1: puplic Base{ void func() { //short implementation is ok here } } class Derived2: puplic Base{ void func(); //long implementation elsewhere (in cpp file) } [...] void Derived2::func() { //long implementation } The first version is ok but not always possible. Isn't the second version simply name hiding? How do you define the Base::func() of Derived2, if you cannot do it within the class declaration of Dereived2? Thanks

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  • Retrieve value of one column in a table

    - by user327094
    Here is my problem: I have 2 tables Accounts and Transaction Logs. in Accounts table, it has column "Amount" which is a base amount of an account. and in Trans Logs table, it also has column "Amount" which is additional (add or minus to the base amount) amount of the account. and I don't know how to retrieve that base amount to edit it, then save it back to the table. That means I need to get a value of the right column by using Acc_No to find. I'm using DataSet, by the way. i think it should go like this: Dim Amount as Decimal Amount = *the code to retrieve the base amount* Amount = Amount + txtAmount.Text *the code to save the new amount back to Accounts table* Thank you!

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  • How do I change the class of an object to a subclass of its current class in C++?

    - by Jared P
    I have an array of pointers to a base class, so that I can make those pointers point to (different) subclasses of the base class, but still interact with them. (really only a couple of methods which I made virtual and overloaded) I'm wondering if I can avoid using the pointers, and instead just make an array of the base class, but have some way to set the class to the subclass of my choosing. I know there must be something there specifying the class, as it needs to use that to look up the function pointer for virtual methods. By the way, the subclasses all have the same ivars and layout. Note: the design is actually based on using a template argument instead of a variable, due to performance increases, so really the abstract base class is just the interface for the subclasses, which are all the same except for their compiled code. Thanks

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  • OnShutdown() not working on XP

    - by Daro
    I have a service registered for shutdown events (.Net 3.5): public ServiceName() { InitializeComponent(); base.CanHandleSessionChangeEvent = true; base.CanHandlePowerEvent = true; base.CanShutdown = true; } protected override void OnShutdown() { try { if (Program.Debug2Eventlog == true) { WriteEventEntry( "Computer is shutting down.", EventLogEntryType.Information, 0, 3); } } catch {} base.OnShutdown(); } Windows 7 logs the event just fine, but XP doesn't. Am I missing something?

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  • Friendness and derived class

    - by ereOn
    Hi, Let's say I have the following class hierarchy: class Base { protected: virtual void foo() = 0; friend class Other; }; class Derived : public Base { protected: void foo() { /* Some implementation */ }; }; class Other { public: void bar() { Derived* a = new Derived(); a->foo(); // Compiler error: foo() is protected within this context }; }; I guess I could change it too a->Base::foo() but since foo() is pure virtual in the Base class, the call will result in calling Derived::foo() anyway. However, the compiler seems to refuse a->foo(). I guess it is logical, but I can't really understand why. Am I missing something ? Can't (shouldn't) it handle this special case ? Thank you.

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  • Should I denormalize a has_many has_many?

    - by Cameron
    I have this: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :serials has_many :sites, :through => :series end class Serial < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :site has_many :episodes end class Site < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :serials has_many :users, :through => :serials end class Episode < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :serial end I would like to do some operations on User.serials.episodes but I know this would mean all sorts of clever tricks. I could in theory just put all the episode data into serial (denormalize) and then group_by Site when needed. If I have a lot of episodes that I need to query on would this be a bad idea? thanks

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  • private virtual function in derived class

    - by user1706047
    class base { public: virtual void doSomething() = 0; }; class derived : public base { **private:** virtual void doSomething(){cout<<"Derived fn"<<endl;} }; now if i do the following: base *b=new child; b->doSomething(); //it calls the derived class fn even if that is private. Question: 1.its able to call the derived class fn even if that is private.How is it possible? Now if i change the inheritance access specifier from public to protected/private then i get compilation error as "'type cast' : conversion from 'Derived *' to 'base *' exists, but is inaccessible" Notes: I am aware on the concepts of the inheritance access specifiers.So in second case as its derived private/protected, its inaccessible. But here it confuses me for the first question. Any input will be highly appreciated

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  • Which one of the following is NOT a pitfall of inheritance?

    - by Difficult PEOPLE
    Which one of the following is NOT a pitfall of inheritance? Base-derive classes should be totally separate and do not have an is-a relationship. Base-derive classes should have been aggregate classes instead. Inheritance may be inverted, example: Truck<-Vehicle should be Vehicle<-Truck. Incompatible class hierarchies may be connected because of multiple inheritance. Aggregation should have been used instead. Functionality is transferred from a base class to a derived one. In my opinion, NOT a pitfall of inheritance meas can use inheritance. 1 seems do without inheritance 2 aggregate substitute Base-derive I don't know So, I think 5 is the answer.

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