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• DB2 Integrity Checks and Exception Tables

  - by imthefirestartr

  I am working on planning a migration of a DB2 8.1 database from a horrible IBM encoding to UTF-8 to support further languages etc. I am encountering an issue that I am stuck on. A few notes on this migration: We are using db2move to export and load the data and db2look to get the details fo the database (tablespaces, tables, keys etc). We found the loading process worked nicely with db2move import, however, the data takes 7 hours to load and this was unacceptable downtime when we actually complete the conversion on the main database. We are now using db2move load, which is much faster as it seems to simply throw the data in without integrity checks. Which leads to my current issue. After completing the db2move load process, several tables are in a check pending state and require integrity checks. Integrity checks are done via the following: set integrity for . immediate checked This works for most tables, however, some tables give an error: DB21034E The command was processed as an SQL statement because it was not a valid Command Line Processor command. During SQL processing it returned: SQL3603N Check data processing through the SET INTEGRITY statement has found integrity violation involving a constraint with name "blah.SQL120124110232400". SQLSTATE=23514 The internets tell me that the solution to this issue is to create an exception table based on the actual table and tell the SET INTEGRITY command to send any exceptions to that table (as below): db2 create table blah_EXCEPTION like blah db2 SET INTEGRITY FOR blah IMMEDIATE CHECKED FOR EXCEPTION IN blah USE blah_EXCEPTION NOW, here is the specific issue I am having! The above forces all the rows with issues to the specified exception table. Well that's just super, buuuuuut I can not lose data in this conversion, its simply unacceptable. The internets and IBM has a vague description of sending the violations to the exception tables and then "dealing with the data" that is in the exception table. Unfortunately, I am not clear what this means and I was hoping that some wise individual knows and could help me out and let me know how I can retrieve this data from these tables and place the data in the original/proper table rather than these exception tables. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks!

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• So I want to separate my Program Files from the hard disk with the other system files. What is the b

  - by grg-n-sox

  So I am running Windows 7 as my only OS. I have two hard drives on my computer. The first one is a 74GB Western Digital 10K RPM Raptor. The second one is a 1TB Seagate Barracuda (couldn't remember if it was a 7200.12 or some other decimal after the 7200). The OS in installed to the Raptor and I am just using the Barracuda for storage. With this setup, in case you couldn't guess already, the Raptor fills up quick and I am constantly having to maintain file locations. And although it is nice to have that quicker boot time and program loading, the time spent maintaining the drive makes me waste more time overall. So I am looking for a way to try to keep it clear while still keeping up system loading speeds. A performance hit on games and such is easily acceptable and as long as I can guarantee a 5GB space on the Raptor, I can always just temporarily move the disc image there. So I am figuring that having games installed like Boarderlands and Mass Effect, as well as having large files such as linux distro DVD disc images in My Documents, I probably should be moving my personal files and Program Files directories to the Barracuda. I currently have folders on the Barracuda for this, but this means routinely copying files over and I can't really do anything with the Program Files folder that already exists. The best I can do is remember to designate the install directory of any program installation to the alternative install directory, which I can't seem to get to ever work right with Steam. With that in mind, is there a way that is not too drastic to let me just change some folders and system settings once and everything works fine afterwards for my setup? I have considered just reinstalling Windows 7 to the Barracuda but that would defeat the purpose of the Raptor except for running disc images off of. I am also heard a bit about being able to use symlinks to fix this, but I have also heard that symlinks in Windows are not necessarily the same and not as well supported on Windows. An example a friend mentioned was something about how if you have a symlink in Windows on a small hard drive to a large hard drive and the contents the symlink points to is larger than the small hard drive's capacity, then Windows will think the smaller hard drive is full. So is there a fix/workaround that will let me use symlinks across hard drives without the issues or is there a better solution I am not being told about, not mentioning, or not thinking of?

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• How can I tell Firefox to ignore unprintable characters?

  - by BrianH

  Edit: Summary Apparently the intended character to display in this case is an "en-dash". This page has a table half way down that shows that for the &ndash;, some software will convert the correct hex code of 2013 to 0096. (look at the first row in the table). This answer on Stackoverflow explains that somehow this is a mixup between Windows-1252 and UTF-8 This blog article enforces this: Character 150 (0x96) is the unicode character "START OF GUARDED AREA" in the non-displayed C1 control character range, but in the Windows-1252 encoding it's mapped to to the displayable character 0x2013 "en-dash" (a short dash). Others have struggled with this when producing content, as this answer on Stackoverflow shows how to replace 0x0096 with 0x2013. Google must realize this, because as stated in my original question below, Google's cached version of the Amazon page has &ndash; so it seems they are automatically correcting these mistakes on pages they cache. I have tried setting my encoding to Windows-1252 but that does not help. So now I guess my question is, how can I tell Firefox to ignore unprintable characters like these? Original content below: (Firefox 3.6.13 on Windows XP) Every once in a while I notice an odd character on certain web pages when browsing the web. It is a outline of a box with a 4-digit number inside. And example of a page that has these characters is: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/#highlights After each section heading (Elastic, Completely Controlled, ...) I see a box with the number "0096" inside. I looked at the cached version on Google, and google has &ndash; in it's place, so I'm guessing I should be seeing a dash there instead of the box with the numbers in it. I have tried changing the character encoding in Firefox but haven't been able to find one that shows these characters correctly. Is there a way to allow Firefox to view these characters? Thanks in advance! Edit - adding a screen shot of the "special" characters: Edit #2 - tried in Ubuntu - new screenshots I logged into my Ubuntu desktop and browsed to the amazon page in Chrome and Firefox. Chrome completely ignores character, even if I inspect or view page source. Firefox in Unbutu displays the character exactly like Firefox on my Windows XP box. I copied the character and played around with it at the command line - here is a screenshot of the results: It looks like I can paste the character into this post as well: `` It is definitely not isolated to Windows XP. I tried setting the character encoding for my terminal to Windows 1252 (from Dennis' comment below), but then it just displays this character as a question mark. I pulled the webpage down with wget and with curl, and both outputs show this characters as: <96> It makes me wonder if this character renders correctly for anyone? It appears webkit just ignores it, my IE6 ignores it, Firefox displays the box with the numbers in it. I would have to imagine the design team at Amazon can see it correctly? It's not a huge deal to get these characters displaying correctly, but it would be nice to know if there is a solution to this.

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• dvd drive I/O error?

  - by bobby

  i get dis error evry time i burn a cd/dvd thru my dvd drive...!! Nero Burning ROM bobby 4C85-200E-4005-0004-0000-7660-0800-35X3-0000-407M-MX37-**** (*) Windows XP 6.1 IA32 WinAspi: - NT-SPTI used Nero Version: 7.11.3. Internal Version: 7, 11, 3, (Nero Express) Recorder: Version: UL01 - HA 1 TA 1 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: HA 1 Drive buffer : 2048kB Bus Type : default CD-ROM: Version: 52PP - HA 1 TA 0 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: HA 1 === Scsi-Device-Map === === CDRom-Device-Map === ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX F: CdRom0 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N G: CdRom1 ======================= AutoRun : 1 Excluded drive IDs: WriteBufferSize: 83886080 (0) Byte BUFE : 0 Physical memory : 958MB (981560kB) Free physical memory: 309MB (317024kB) Memory in use : 67 % Uncached PFiles: 0x0 Use Inquiry : 1 Global Bus Type: default (0) Check supported media : Disabled (0) 11.6.2010 CD Image 10:43:02 AM #1 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 LockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL 10:43:02 AM #2 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3186 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N Buffer underrun protection activated 10:43:02 AM #3 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3500 Turn on Disc-At-Once, using CD-R/RW media 10:43:02 AM #4 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 307 Last possible write address on media: 359848 ( 79:59.73) Last address to be written: 318783 ( 70:52.33) 10:43:02 AM #5 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 319 Write in overburning mode: NO (enabled: CD) 10:43:02 AM #6 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 2988 Recorder: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM G SA-H12N; CDR co de: 00 97 27 18; O SJ entry from: Pla smon Data systems Ltd. ATIP Data: Special Info [hex] 1: D0 00 A0, 2: 61 1B 12 (LI 97:27.18), 3: 4F 3B 4A ( LO 79:59.74) Additional Info [hex] 1: 00 00 00 (invalid), 2: 00 00 00 (invalid), 3: 00 0 0 00 (invalid) 10:43:02 AM #7 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 493 Protocol of DlgWaitCD activities: TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048, config 0, wanted index0 0 blocks, length 318784 blo cks [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] -------------------------------------------------------------- 10:43:02 AM #9 Text 0 File ThreadedTransferInterface.cpp, Line 986 Prepare [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] for write in CUE-sheet-DAO DAO infos: ========== MCN: "" TOCType: 0x00; Se ssion Clo sed, disc fixated Tracks 1 to 1: Idx 0 Idx 1 Next T rk 1: TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048/0x00, FilePos 0 307200 6531768 32, ISRC "" DAO layout: =========== ___Start_|____Track_|_Idx_|_CtrlAdr_|_____Size_|______NWA_|_RecDep__________ -150 | lead-in | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 -150 | 1 | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 0 | 1 | 1 | 0x41 | 318784 | 318784 | 0x00 318784 | lead-out | 1 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 10:43:02 AM #10 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 240 SPTILockVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME 10:43:02 AM #11 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 4286 Caching options: cache CDRom or Network-Yes, small files-Yes ( ON 10:43:03 AM #19 Text 0 File MMC.cpp, Line 18034 CueData, Len=32 41 00 00 14 00 00 00 00 41 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 41 01 01 10 00 00 02 00 41 aa 01 14 00 46 34 22 10:43:03 AM #20 Text 0 File ThreadedTransfer.cpp, Line 268 Pipe memory size 83836800 10:43:16 AM #21 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 1405 10:43:16.806 - G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N : Queue again later 10:43:42 AM #22 SPTI -1502 File SCSIPassThrough.cpp, Line 181 CdRom1: SCSIStatus(x02) WinError(0) NeroError(-1502) Sense Key: 0x04 (KEY_HARDWARE_ERROR) Nero Report 2 Nero Burning ROM Sense Code: 0x08 Sense Qual: 0x03 CDB Data: 0x2A 00 00 00 4D 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 Sense Area: 0x70 00 04 00 00 00 00 10 53 29 A1 80 08 03 Buffer x0c7d9a40: Len x10000 0xDC 87 EB 41 6E AC 61 5A 07 B2 DB 78 B5 D4 D9 24 0x8D BC 51 38 46 56 0F EE 16 15 5C 5B E3 B0 10 16 0x14 B1 C3 6E 30 2B C4 78 15 AB D5 92 09 B7 81 23 10:43:42 AM #23 CDR -1502 File Writer.cpp, Line 306 DMA-driver error, CRC error G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N 10:43:55 AM #24 Phase 38 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Burn process failed at 48x (7,200 KB/s) 10:43:55 AM #25 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 287 SPTIDismountVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_DISMOUNT_VOLUME 10:44:01 AM #26 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 11412 DriveLocker: UnLockVolume completed 10:44:01 AM #27 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 UnLockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL Existing drivers: Registry Keys: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\WinLogon Nero Report 3

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• SSH closing by itself - root works fine

  - by Antti

  I'm trying to connect to a server but if i use any other user than root the connection closes itself after a successful login: XXXXXXX:~ user$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to XXXXXXX.XXXXXX.XXX [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/user/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/user/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'XXXXXXX.XXXXXX.XXX' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/user/.ssh/known_hosts:12 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/user/.ssh/woo_openssh debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering public key: /Users/user/.ssh/sidlee.dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /Users/user/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Offering public key: /Users/user/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Entering interactive session. Last login: Mon Mar 29 01:41:51 2010 from 193.67.179.2 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to XXXXXXX.XXXXXX.XXX closed. Transferred: sent 2976, received 2136 bytes, in 0.5 seconds Bytes per second: sent 5892.2, received 4229.1 debug1: Exit status 1 If i log in as root the exact same way it works as expected. I've added the users i want to log in with to a group (sshusers) and added that group to /etc/sshd_config: AllowGroups sshusers I'm not sure what to try next as i don't get a clear error anywhere. I would like to enable specific accounts to log in so that i can disable root. This is a GridServer/Media Temple (CentOS).

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• Memcached Lagging

  - by Brad Dwyer

  Let me preface this by saying that this is a followup question to this topic. That was "solved" by switching from Solaris (SmartOS) to Ubuntu for the memcached server. Now we've multiplied load by about 5x and are running into problems again. We are running a site that is doing about 1000 requests/minute, each request hits Memcached with approximately 3 reads and 1 write. So load is approximately 65 requests per second. Total data in the cache is about 37M, and each key contains a very small amount of data (a JSON-encoded array of integers amounting to less than 1K). We have setup a benchmarking script on these pages and fed the data into StatsD for logging. The problem is that there are spikes where Memcached takes a very long time to respond. These do not appear to correlate with spikes in traffic. What could be causing these spikes? Why would memcached take over a second to reply? We just booted up a second server to put in the pool and it didn't make any noticeable difference in the frequency or severity of the spikes. This is the output of getStats() on the servers: Array ( [-----------] => Array ( [pid] => 1364 [uptime] => 3715684 [threads] => 4 [time] => 1336596719 [pointer_size] => 64 [rusage_user_seconds] => 7924 [rusage_user_microseconds] => 170000 [rusage_system_seconds] => 187214 [rusage_system_microseconds] => 190000 [curr_items] => 12578 [total_items] => 53516300 [limit_maxbytes] => 943718400 [curr_connections] => 14 [total_connections] => 72550117 [connection_structures] => 165 [bytes] => 2616068 [cmd_get] => 450388258 [cmd_set] => 53493365 [get_hits] => 450388258 [get_misses] => 2244297 [evictions] => 0 [bytes_read] => 2138744916 [bytes_written] => 745275216 [version] => 1.4.2 ) [-----------:11211] => Array ( [pid] => 8099 [uptime] => 4687 [threads] => 4 [time] => 1336596719 [pointer_size] => 64 [rusage_user_seconds] => 7 [rusage_user_microseconds] => 170000 [rusage_system_seconds] => 290 [rusage_system_microseconds] => 990000 [curr_items] => 2384 [total_items] => 225964 [limit_maxbytes] => 943718400 [curr_connections] => 7 [total_connections] => 588097 [connection_structures] => 91 [bytes] => 562641 [cmd_get] => 1012562 [cmd_set] => 225778 [get_hits] => 1012562 [get_misses] => 125161 [evictions] => 0 [bytes_read] => 91270698 [bytes_written] => 350071516 [version] => 1.4.2 ) ) Edit: Here is the result of a set and retrieve of 10,000 values. Normal: Stored 10000 values in 5.6118 seconds. Average: 0.0006 High: 0.1958 Low: 0.0003 Fetched 10000 values in 5.1215 seconds. Average: 0.0005 High: 0.0141 Low: 0.0003 When Spiking: Stored 10000 values in 16.5074 seconds. Average: 0.0017 High: 0.9288 Low: 0.0003 Fetched 10000 values in 19.8771 seconds. Average: 0.0020 High: 0.9478 Low: 0.0003

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• Lync server 2010 Active Directory Preparation with a Windows Server 2003 DC

  - by juFo

  I'm trying to install Lync server 2010 but i'm stuck for a while now with the "Active Directory Preparation" part of the Lync server 2010 installation. The "Prepare Schema" fails with the following error: "Step 1: Prepare Schema Run once per deployment. Extends the schema for Lync Server. Not Available: Failure occurred while attempting to check the schema state. Please ensure Active Directory is reachable." screenshot: https://skydrive.live.com/#cid=CB15F1A932B364BE&id=CB15F1A932B364BE%211742 The situation: 1 server with Windows Server 2003 (x86), which is the only Domain Controller (DC) 1 server with Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64) where Lync should be installed. First I have found that the DFL/FFL were not correct: On the DC (server2003) I have changed the Domain Functional Level to Windows Server 2003 and also the Forest Functional Level to Windows Server 2003. If I check these settings on the Server2008 with Active Directory Domains and Trusts, I see indeed that the DFL and FFL are being set to Windows Server 2003. (Windows Server 2003 is the minimum required for Lync server 2010) I tried the Lync AD Preparation again but still got the same message: https://skydrive.live.com/#cid=CB15F1A932B364BE&id=CB15F1A932B364BE%211742 I'm logged in on the Server2008 and Server2003 with the domain administrator account. If I check "Active Directory Users and Computers" and go to the directory Users and watch the properties from the Administrator User then it is also a Member of: Domain Admins Domain Users Enterprise Admins Schema Admins Group Policy Creator Owners The firewall on the server2008 is turned off, still nog working So now my question is: what should I do to make the Lync setup (Active Directory Preparation) work? (I would appreciate clear step-by-step suggestions to check.) Thanks in advance. Update 1: Now I've extended AD successfully on the 2003 DC, using this link: http://blogs.pointbridge.com/Blogs/sloan_jason/Pages/Post.aspx?_ID=2 but when I check the Active Directory Preparation again on the Lync install, it still gives me the same error as in the screenshot I've provided. Update 2: I found out that there is a log on "C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Temp\ with this: Get-CSDomainState Get Domain State Error: An error occurred: "Microsoft.Rtc.Management.ADConnect.NoSuitableServerFoundException" "No suitable domain controller was found in domain "OurDomain.LOCAL". Errors:\r\n"OurDCserver.OurDomain.LOCAL5.2 (3790)5.2 (3790) Service Pack1OurDCserver.OurDomain.LOCAL5.2 (3790)5.2 (3790)Service Pack 1"" I thought Lync could be installed with a Windows Server 2003 (according to the documentation on technet) and it doesn't require a SP. :s

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• Tutorial for configuring OpenVPN [on hold]

  - by user2699451

  I have been through 10+ tutorials on setting up a OpenVPN, and each tutorial gives a different problem... Does anyone know of a decent and helpful website/tutorial which I could go to to get it set up? I have been battling through it for almost 2 months now. Yes, I have also bugged forums.openvpn, but I think I have "reached my post limit" with them. I have to configure it remotely via ssh. UPDATE: okay, I have been asked to be more clear on the topic I followed this tutorial (as a example) - http://www.servermom.com/how-to-build-openvpn-server-on-centos-6-x/732/ I had no issues setting up, etc. except when I boot into windows and run the OpenVPN GUI Client, it connects and gives this error: WARNING: Bad encapsulated packet length from peer (21331), which must be 0 and <= 1576 -- please ensure that --tun-mtu or --link-mtu is equal on both peers -- this condition could also indicate a possible active attack on the TCP link -- [Attemping restart...] Here is my server config: port 1194 #- port proto udp #- protocol dev tun tun-mtu 1500 tun-mtu-extra 32 mssfix 1450 reneg-sec 0 ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem plugin /usr/lib64/openvpn/plugin/lib/openvpn-auth-pam.so /etc/pam.d/login #- Co$ #plugin /etc/openvpn/radiusplugin.so /etc/openvpn/radiusplugin.cnf #- Uncomment$ client-cert-not-required username-as-common-name server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" keepalive 5 30 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status 1194.log verb 3 and my client config: client dev tun proto udp remote [server ip] 1194 # - Your server IP and OpenVPN Port resolv-retry infinite nobind tun-mtu 1500 tun-mtu-extra 32 mssfix 1450 persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt auth-user-pass comp-lzo reneg-sec 0 verb 3 OpenVPN Client Log: Thu Oct 31 11:51:29 2013 OpenVPN 2.0.9 Win32-MinGW [SSL] [LZO] built on Oct 1 2006 Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 LZO compression initialized Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1576 D:140 EF:40 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1576 D:1450 EF:44 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '2547efd2' Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '77cf0943' Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 Attempting to establish TCP connection with x.x.x.x:1194 Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 TCP connection established with x.x.x.x:1194 Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Thu Oct 31 11:51:44 2013 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: x.x.x.x:1194 // after this it just hangs, nothing happens So I dont know what I am doing wrong but I am getting a bit impatient and on each forum I post this, I get stupid/unrelated/unhelpful answers...

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• Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

  - by Tom Lagier

  We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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• How to make a 100% UNIQUE dvd? [closed]

  - by sajawikio

  Is it possible to make a DVD which would be next to impossible to replicate exactly even with special equipment? To be clear, not in the sense of making the data itself resistant to piracy - nothing like that. More like as an analogy to antiques - a reproduction of a furniture would be able to be spotted to a trained eye, that it is not the original. Is it possible to do this for a dvd? Like, say a dvd is copied, even by someone who is trying to use even special equipment and is hypothetically dying to copy the dvd exactly for whatever reason - even such copied dvd would be detectable that it is not exactly the original dvd somehow (as if it were a reproduction of an original antique, but not the original), and would be almost or even preferably impossible to actually copy 100% exact the dvd ever again. Just some ideas below on the sort of thing i might go about doing to do this, but really am not sure how or what programs, media, hardware, etc. would do the trick Not sure what would do the trick -- but for instance do there exist any blank dvd's that already come pre-recorded with some sort of serial number or bar code, or other metadata, or an encrypted hash, or something like that? Maybe any blank dvd will do but i should get a special software to extract hardcoded metadata? If so which software? Or special hardware even maybe? Such dvd which the "secret" can be: Well, to know what the "secret" is and if it is present on the disk, it probably should be readable by some software or maybe a particular hardware (i guess preferably only if some sort of key is known and input into the software, even better, only then such secret data on disk can be read, otherwise nothing shows up and it looks like just a regular disk with no secret on it), and Would be impossible to actually replicate, especially not with regular burning hardware and preferably not at all. Other idea: Is there any special software that can direct the write head of laser to physically "mar" the dvd in such a way that, when played in dvd player, makes a particular visual pattern or something like that, also say the mar itself shows up as faint scratch on disk, but would be impossible for someone to do themselves exactly? EDIT: Also to clarify suppose the dvd contains video and music that should be playable on dvd players, maybe a menu too (i.e not a dvd containing software), and also to clarify the question is about how to make dvd 100% unique, not how to make the actual content of dvd protected from "piracy".

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• How to diagnose computer lockup/freezing problem

  - by Scott Mitchell

  I built a desktop computer a couple years back with the following specs: CPU: Intel Core 2 Quad Q9300 Yorkfield 2.5GHz 6MB L2 Cache LGA 775 95W Quad-Core Processor BX80580Q9300 Motherboard: EVGA 122-CK-NF68-T1 LGA 775 NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI ATX Intel Motherboard Video Card: Two EVGA 256-P2-N758-TR GeForce 8600GT SCC 256MB 128-bit GDDR3 PCI Express x16 SLI Supported Video Card PSU: SeaSonic S12 Energy Plus SS-550HT 550W ATX12V V2.3 / EPS12V V2.91 SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS Certified Active PFC Power Supply Memory: Two G.SKILL 4GB (2 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR2 SDRAM DDR2 800 (PC2 6400) Dual Channel Kit Desktop Memory Model F2-6400CL5D-4GBPQ Since its inception, the machine has periodically locked up, the regularlity having varied over the years from once a day to once a month. Typically, lockups happen once every few days. By "lockup" I mean my computer just freezes. The screen locks up, I can't move the mouse. Hitting keys on my keyboard that normally turn LEDs on or off on the keyboard (such as Caps Lock) no longer turn the LEDs on or off. If there was music playing at the time of the lockup, noise keeps coming out of the speakers, but it's just the current frequency/note that plays indefinitely. There is no BSOD. When such a lockup occurs I have to do a hard reboot by either turning off the computer or hitting the reset button. I have the most recent version of the NVIDIA hardware drivers, and update them semi-regularly, but that hasn't seemed to help. I am currently using Windows 7 x64, but was previously using Windows Server 2003 x64 and having the same lockup issues. My guess is that it's somehow video driver or motherboard related, but I don't know how to go about diagnosing this problem to narrow down which of the two is the culprit. Additional information re: cooling Regarding cooling... I've not installed any after-market cooling systems aside from two regular fans I scavenged from an older computer. The fan atop the CPU is the one that shipped with it. One of the two scavenged fans I added it located at the bottom tower of the corner, in an attempt to create some airflow from front to back. The second fan is pointed directly at the two video cards. SpeedFan installation and readings Per studiohack's suggestion, I installed SpeedFan, which provided the following temperature readings: GPU: 63C GPU: 65C System: 76C CPU: 64C AUX: 36C Core 0: 78C Core 1: 76C Core 2: 79C Core 3: 79C Update #3: Another Lockup :-( Well, I had another lockup last night. :-( SpeedFan reported the CPU temp at 38 C when it happened, and there was no spike in temperature leading up to the freeze. One thing I notice is that the freeze seems more likely to happen if I am watching a video. In fact, of the last 5 freezes over the past month, 4 of them have been while watching a video on Flickr. Not necessarily the same video, but a video nevertheless. I don't know if this is just coincidence or if it means anything. (As an aside, each night before bedtime my 2 year old daughter sits on my lap and watches some home videos on Flickr and, in the last month, has learned the phrase, "Uh oh, computer broke.") Update #4: MemTest86 and 3DMark06 Test Results: Per suggestions in the comments, I ran the MemTest86 overnight and it cycled through the 8 GB of memory 5 times without error. I also ran the 3DMark06 test without a problem (see my scores at http://3dmark.com/3dm06/15163549). So... what now? :-) Any further suggestions on what to check? Is there some way to get a stack trace or something when the computer locks like that? Thanks

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• Why do I have multiple drives in my backup system image?

  - by bebop

  I have a drive which has 2 partitions. One is where the OS is installed, the other is a data (but not libraries) drive. When I try and create a backup using the built in tool, it wants to include both partitions in the system image. Why does it do this? If I move the os to a separate drive will I be able to back up just this data? Edit: To be more clear. I have 4 disks in the machine. 1 disc has 2 partitions. These are c: and e:, the other disks are d: f: and h:. The OS is installed on c: and libraries are stored on h:. The libraries are already backed up using crashplan, but I want to create a system image so I can easily restore the machine, if it either dies or if I get a SSD drive. When I choose backup (either through the wizard or if I open it through control panel) and check (or click) create a system image it automatically adds both c: and e: to the list of drives that will be backed up, and I cannot change this, the checkboxes to unselect are greyed out. I would like to know why it automatically adds e: to the list (but not h:, where the libraries are) and if I can change some setting so whatever files it has on e: that it thinks need to be backed up as part of the system image are moved to c:. How can I determine what they are? Is it because c: and e: are partitions of the same disk? If I move c: tro a different disk will that mean I only have to back up c:? Thanks Edit 2: I have viewed all files including hidden and system ones on both drives and it seems that I have a suspicous hidden e:\boot\ folder. I think that I might have installed the OS as a VHD at first then installed a seperate version straight on the disk, having dual boot for a while, then used EasyBCD to remove the VHD boot and file. Might this be what is causing my issue? How might I go about removing this? is it safe to just delete the boot folder?

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• Setting up a DNS name server for a mass virtual host with Bind9

  - by Dez

  I am trying to set up a chrooted DNS name server in a local LAN like this everyone connected in the LAN can have access to the mass virtual hosts defined for a development ambience without having to edit manually their local /etc/hosts one by one. The mass virtual host is named example.user.dev (VirtualDocumentRoot /home/user/example ) and example.test (DocumentRoot /var/www/example). I set up everything and the /var/log/syslog doesn't show any error, but when checking the DNS with: host -v example.test Doesn't find the host. Also using the dig command I don't receive answer. dig -x example.test ; << DiG 9.5.1-P3 << -x imprimere ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 47844 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;imprimere.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: in-addr.arpa. 600 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. dns-ops.arin.net. 2010042604 1800 900 691200 10800 ;; Query time: 108 msec ;; SERVER: 80.58.0.33#53(80.58.0.33) ;; WHEN: Mon Apr 26 11:15:53 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 107 My configuration is the following: /etc/bind/named.conf.local zone "example.test" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_example.test"; notify yes; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify yes; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options Note: We have an static IP address so I forward the querys to DNS server to said IP address. options{ directory "/var/cache/bind"; forwarders { 80.34.100.160; }; auth-nxdomain no; listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/zones/master_example.test $ORIGIN example.test. $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA example.test. root.example.test. ( 201004227 ; serial 28800 ; refresh 14400 ; retry 3600000 ; expire 86400 ) ; min ; TXT "example.test, DNS service" @ IN NS example.test. localhost A 127.0.0.1 example.test. A 192.168.1.52 example A 192.168.1.52 www CNAME example.test. /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost example 192.168.1.52 localhost example example.test /etc/resolv.conf Note: For Bind I just added the 3 last lines. nameserver 80.58.0.33 nameserver 80.58.61.250 nameserver 80.58.61.254 search example.test search example nameserver 192.168.1.52

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• Downloading Python 2.5.4 (from official website) in order to install it

  - by brilliant

  I was quite hesitant about whether I should post this question here on "StackOverflow" or on "SuperUser", but finally decided to post it here as Python is more a programming language rather than a piece of software. I've been recently using Python 2.5.4 that is installed on my computer, but at the moment I am not at home (and won't be for about two weeks from now), so I need to install the same version of Python on another computer. This computer has Windows XP installed – just like the one that I have at home. The reason why I need Python 2.5.4 is because I am using “Google App Engine”, and I was told that it only supports Python 2.5 However, when I went to the official Python page for the download, I discovered that certain things have changed, and I don’t quite remember where exactly from that site I had downloaded Python 2.5.4 on my computer at home. I found this page: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5.4/ Here is how it looks: (If you can’t see it here, please check it out at this address: http://brad.cwahi.net/some_pictures/python_page.jpg ) A few things here are not clear to me. It says: For x86 processors: python-2.5.4.msi For Win64-Itanium users: python-2.5.4.ia64.msi For Win64-AMD64 users: python-2.5.4.amd64.msi First of all, I don’t know what processor I am using – whether mine is “x86” or not; and also, I don’t know whether I am an “Win64-Itanium” or an “Win64-AMD64” user. Are Itanium and AMD64 also processors? Later it says: Windows XP and later already have MSI; many older machines will already have MSI installed. I guess, it is my case, but then I am totally puzzled as to which link I should click as it seems now that I don’t need those three previous links (as MSI is already installed on Windows XP), but there is no fourth link provided for those who use “Windows XP” or older machines. Of course, there are these words after that: Windows users may also be interested in Mark Hammond's win32all package, available from Sourceforge. but it seems to me that it is something additional rather than the main file. So, my question is simple: Where in the official Python website I can download Python 2.5.4, precisely, which link I should click?

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• nginx - Redirect specific page paths to https while keeping everything else on http (in a single server call)?

  - by Kris Anderson

  From what I've gathered so far it's clear that running if statements in nginx should be avoided at all costs. Most of the examples I've found so far regarding specific page redirects involve multiple servers being used. But, isn't that a bit wasteful? I'm not sure, but I would think multiple servers to accomplish this would be somewhat slower then a single server when under heavy load. My current server call is this: server { listen 10.0.0.60:80; listen 10.0.0.60:443 default ssl; #other code } What I want to do is redirect certain http requests to https requests. For example, I want /login/ and /my-account/ to always be forced to use SSL. If you're on /help/ though, I want that served over the default http. Is there a way to accomplish this within a single server call? Or is there no downside to using 2 server calls to get this working? nginx seems to be under pretty active development and a lot of the older guides I've followed were from times when you couldn't listen to requests for port 80 and 443 within the same server call. But now that nginx has been updated to support that (I'm running 1.2.4), I'm wondering if there's a "best practice" way of handling this today. Any help would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: I did find this guide: http://redant.com.au/blog/manage-ssl-redirection-in-nginx-using-maps-and-save-the-universe/ and I updated my code as follows: map $uri $my_preferred_proto { default "http"; ~^/#/user/login "https"; } server { listen 10.0.0.60:80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied listen 10.0.0.60:443 default ssl; if ($my_preferred_proto = "none") { set $my_preferred_proto $scheme; } if ($my_preferred_proto != $scheme) { return 301 $my_preferred_proto://mysite.com$request_uri; } It's not working though. When I change the default to https everything is redirected to SSL so it does somewhat work. But the redirect of /#/user/login is not redirecting to HTTPS. Any ideas? Also, is this a good way to go about this?

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• Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

  - by futureal

  I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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• bind9 DNS Ubuntu names pingible on server, but not on Windows Machines?

  - by leeand00

  I setup a DNS server today on Ubuntu, following this tutorial. My intent was to setup my network for dns-name resolving on the private LAN within a single zone (nothing fancy I just want name resolution). I've tested the setup on the DNS server machine itself, and I can ping all the machines listed in the configuration file. I've also configured the Windows Machines on my network, and for some reason they are incapable of pinging by names as was possible on the DNS Server itself. I've tried running nslookup on the Windows DNS clients and I receive and error mentioning the address of the DNS server. DNS forwarding works fine, I'm not having any trouble accessing the internet, the problem only lies within accessing names within the private LAN. Here are my configuration files: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.8.4; 74.242.0.12; //68.87.76.178; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options zone "leerdomain.local" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db"; notify no; }; zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify no; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 2010011001 28800 3600 604800 38400 ); leerdomain.local. IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. ns IN A 192.168.2.9 asus IN A 192.168.2.254 www IN CNAME asus vaio IN A 192.168.2.253 iptouch IN A 192.168.2.252 toshiba IN A 192.168.2.251 gw IN A 192.168.2.1 TXT "Network Gateway" /etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db (Validates fine with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local) Reverse Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 201001101 28800 604800 604800 86400 ) IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. 1 IN PTR gw.leerdomain.local. 254 IN PTR asus.leerdomain.local. 253 IN PTR vaio.leerdomain.local. 252 IN PTR iptouch.leerdomain.local. 251 IN PTR toshiba.leerdomain.local. /etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa *(Does not validate with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local gives an error of: zone leerdomain.local/IN: NS 'ns.leerdomain.local' has no address records (A or AAAA) zone leerdomain.local/IN: not loaded due to errors. * Despite not validating bind9 starts without errors in /var/log/syslog I've also configured a few of the windows machines on my network to have the static ip as specified in the lookup and reverse lookup config files. i.e. Using nslookup yields the following results: C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup ns Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 *** UnKnown can't find ns: Non-existent domain C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup gw Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 Name: gw. Additionally trying to ping by name also fails on machines that are not the DNS Server. Is there something wrong with my configuration of either the nameserver or the Windows Boxes that is keeping me from accessing other machines using names?

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• HOSTS ignored when disconnected [closed]

  - by Synetech

  Problem I’m seeing a strange and extremely frustrating problem. Any system that is not connect to the Internet (Windows 7 shows the no Internet access icon because it cannot constantly ping Microsoft’s servers) cannot even access locally hosted servers. Hypothesis The problem appears to be that the HOSTS file is not being used to resolve DNS entries when there are no active NICs. Tests / Reproduction You can reproduce it as so: Disconnect a system from the Internet (make sure all wired and wireless connections are disconnected). If necessary, add an entry to the HOSTS file (e.g., 127.0.0.1 foobar or 127.0.0.1 foobar.com) Open a command-prompt Type ping foobar or ping foobar.com Observations The screenshots below show a clear and demonstrative example. In the first snap, a laptop is connected to a router wirelessly. The HOSTS file has only three entries and they resolve just fine. In the second snap, the wireless radio is turned off, so the entries in the HOSTS file are ignored. Moreover, notice that pinging localhost still works even without any active NICs (as does 127.0.0.1), but it is using the IPv6 address (must be hard-coded). You can see the same results in Windows XP with no IPv6 installed, so it has nothing to do with IPv6. I tried pining what should have resolved to 127.0.0.1 while the desktop system (with no wireless NICs) was connected via its Ethernet adapter, then again after pulling the cable from the router and waiting a couple of seconds, then again after plugging the cable back in. The same thing happens if instead of pulling out the cable, the NIC is disabled through software (the [Disable] button in the NIC’s Status dialog or via Device Manager). Conclusions It looks as though the HOSTS file is only being read and used if there is an active NIC, otherwise it is being ignored. This makes some sense in that if there are no active network adapters, then presumably there will not be any network activity, and thus no need to resolve host names via the HOSTS file. This assumption is specious however because it precludes locally hosted virtual servers. The HOSTS file should be used regardless of external DNS server connectivity, otherwise you cannot use simple/consistent/testing-production names for locally hosted servers when not connected to the Internet (for example web servers; help servers for Visual Studio, 3dsmax, etc.; and so on). Question Does anyone know how to force Windows to use the HOSTS file even if there are no active NICs? Appendix Figure 1: While the wireless NIC is connected to the router (the cable-modem is in standby, so no external Internet connectivity). Figure 2: With the wireless radio turned off (the Ethernet port is not unconnected in both cases). Figure 3: Same results in XP with no IPv6

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• How do I troubleshoot root cause of a hung windows (2003) server?

  - by GregW

  I have a pair of Windows (2003 Server) servers both running MS SQL Server (2008 EE) that each hang every few months. This has been occurring intermittently :( for the past 15 months pretty much since we started using the servers. The symptoms are as-follows: I cannot remote desktop in to troubleshoot; when I attempt to, I get stuck on a blank black screen and am never offered a login prompt I can still ping the servers I can still open a SQL connection to the server, and, CURIOUSLY/BIZARRELY, when I do a "select getdate()", the time it returns appears to be stuck on the exact fraction of a second when (I presume) the server hung. Repeated attempts to do "select getdate()" keep getting that same date, suggesting that the clock is frozen. Filesharing attempts to connect to the hung server fail with the error message: "\ServerName is not accessible. You might not have permissions to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. The server's clock is not synchronized with the primary domain controller's clock." This is consistent with a frozen clock. Post-reboot, if I investigate the Windows Event Viewer logs, I can see many security accesses (coming from me and others) that I recognize were login attempts during the "down" period, but all of them in the security log are associated with that same timestamp of when the server hung. This also suggests the clock is frozen. There is not a clear cause in the Application or System event logs. I have a local Admin account on the server and am in the process of getting a domain-credentialed Admin account for better remote admin access. HP is supposed to be supporting these machines and has some low-level ILO2 access but they seem incapable of finding the root cause. A reboot will "fix" the problem but I would like to get to the root cause and solve the issue. Has anyone ever seen something like this odd clock behavior?! (If it were just one server I'd perhaps say a bad hardware clock, but two?) Can anyone advise me on what I should try to troubleshoot this sort of situation to find the root cause (or what I should tell HP to try?)

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• How to properly shutdown a Linux VMware Server Host

  - by Mikee

  Hi Everybody: In our lab, we have a server running Ubuntu Linux 8.04.4 x64, with VMware Server 2.1 hosting 4 VM's. I have a major concern with regards to shutting down the host server. Mostly, how do I ensure that the guest VM's are being shut down safely? In the VMware web interface console, I have enabled: "Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system" I enabled the Default Startup Delay for 15 seconds along with the "Start next VM immediately if the VMware Tools start" option checked I enabled the Default Shutdown Delay with a 60 second shutdown delay and a Shutdown Action of "Shut Down Guest" All VM's have the VMware Tools installed and properly working. All VM's are moved up into the "Specified Order" section of "Startup Order", thus when powering the server back on, all those VM's should start up again in that specified order. When I went to shut down the server, I used the shutdown -h now command. Based on the settings I entered above, I was expecting a 4 minute shutdown, as there is an option to delay the shutdown of each VM by 60 seconds. However, that is not what happened. Instead, the server shutdown in under a minute. When I powered the server back on, only 2 VM's properly loaded. The other 2 showed the following error: "Power on Virtual Machine" failed to complete If these problems problems persist, please contact your system administrator. Details: Cannot open the disk '[location to .vmdk]' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: Failed to lock the file. Obviously, if this error occured, then it is clear to me that the VM's were not properly shutdown, or the server powered off before the VM's were completely shutdown. I have fixed the above error by deleting the .lck files in the respective VM directories. How would I know if the VM's were properly shut down? I checked the VMware-server logs, but they only seem to display the logs of when the vmware-mgmt service is running in the current session. I'm mostly running Linux VM's, so is there an easy way to know whether or not a server was properly shut down in Linux? Thank you all for the help!

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• Toshiba Satellite L630 broken after bios update

  - by Mustafa Kamal

  I have Toshiba Satellite L630, which has been broken. It had no more OS installed in it. All the disk partition were cleared into one single empty unformatted partition. So I begin to install windows XP on this laptop. Apparently, win XP's driver support for this laptop is very limited. So I have to find almost all important driver (display, sound, etherned, wireless etc) on the net and install it manually one by one. So I start googling, and I got some driver download page from several Toshiba's website (the global version, the europe, asia, etc). Pretty hard to find the exact drivers, but I managed to find pretty good drivers. It's all works quite fine, although still have a few glitches. But everything turned into a big mess when I downloaded the "BIOS Update", which is also listed on Toshiba's official driver directory site. When I installed it, it show a big red warning sign telling me not to do anything while flashing the BIOS . I follow that instruction prudently. The process was finished, and that update BIOS software (it is InsydeH2O BIOS) told me that the BIOS has been succesfully updated and the computer need to restart. So I restart the computer. This is where the problem appear. I can no longer boot to my laptop. The booting process seems to be able to enter windows for a moment (it shows the windows XP loading screen), and then suddenly it just got that hateful blue screen and then instantiy restarts the machine. It goes on a loop. Boot bios - enter XP - blue screen - restart. I can't even try to reinstall my win XP again. Evertime the machine tries to boot to win XP CD, it got the same blue screen as I gets when loading from HDD. Many google search results said that I should open the laptop cover and try to clear CMOS with some kind of jumper or something. Or to unplug/re-plug the CMOS battery. Do I really need to do that? Is there anyway I could do without disassembling my laptop? I read some tricks about booting from USB device but I can't get the exat tools that I need to do that thing... Btw, this is my detailed laptop number photographed from the back of my laptop

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• networking tunnel adapter connections?

  - by Karthik Balaguru

  I understand that Tunnel Adapter LAN is for encapsulating IPv6 packets with an IPv4 header so that they can be sent across an IPv4 network. Few queries popped up in my mind based on this :- If i do 'ipconfig', Apart from ethernet adapter LAN details, I get a series of statments as below - Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 6 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 7 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 12 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 13 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 14 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 15 Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 16 Except for the *16, all the other Tunnel Adapter Local Area Connections show Media Disconnected. Why is the numbering for the Tunnel adapter LAN not sequential? It is like 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. A strange numbering scheme! I tried to figure it out by thinking of some arithmetic series. But, it does not seem to fit in. There is a huge gap between 7 and 12. Any ideas? What is the need for so many Tunnel Adapter LAN connections? Can you tell me a scenario that requires all of those ? I did ipconfig /all to get more information. From the listing, I understand that: 16, 15, 14, 12 are Microsoft 6to4 Adapters 13, 6 are isatap Adapters 7 is Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-interface I understand that the above are for automatic tunneling so that the tunnel endpoints are determined automatically by the routing infrastructure. 6to4 is recommended by RFC3056 for automatic tunneling that uses protocol 41 for encapsulation. It is typically used when an end-user wants to connect to the IPv6 Internet using their existing IPv4 connection. Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique that uses UDP encapsulation across multiple NATs. That is, It is to grant IPv6 connectivity to nodes that are located behind IPv6-unaware NAT devices ISATAP treats the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address to a link-local IPv6 address. That is to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 network. That is, to put in simple words, ISATAP is an intra-site mechanism, while the 6to4 and Teredo are for inter-site tunnelling mechanisms. It seems that Teredo should alone enabled by default in Vista, But my system does not show it to be enabled by default. Interestingly, it shows a 6to4 tunnel adapter (Tunnel adapter LAN connection 16) to be enabled by default? Any specific reasons for it? If i do ipconfig /all, why is only one Teredo present while four 6to4 are present ? I searched the internet for answers to the above queries, but I am unable to find clear answers.

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• Lock ups, crashing, transferring files using TrueCrypt with iSCSI

  - by Anthony

  I have looked into this error and it seems that it hasn't been discussed yet - or at least I can't find any information relating. I'm having issues transferring files, usually larger files over a couple of hundred MB. Here is the setup: QNAP 410 as iSCSI Target with multiple LUNs. (CRC is turned on (Data Digest and Header Digest) Server 2003 with iSCSI Initiator version 2.08 - build 3825 (I'm copying files from anothe machine to shares on Server 2003 = into TrueCrypt volume ergo onto the NAS) I have mounted the LUN and formatted it with TrueCrypt using NTFS (Full format, not a quick one). What happens is some files, mainly RAR/Compressed files, appear as if they copy but fail. I've tested this in a number of ways and can repeat the process every time. So I thought to check transfer over iSCSI without TrueCrypt in between, a plain NTFS format - no problem at all. So it would seem TrueCrypt is at least part of the problem here. I haven't tried copying directly from the server yet, I will try that. I also haven't tried it without CRC but fail to see how that would affect this. I will update with my findings later. In the meantime does anyone have any ideas as to what could be wrong? Thanks for your time. Update: I copied a set of files, the ones I was having issues with, to the server then from there I copied those into two places within the TrueCrypt volume (Mounted on the NAS). A seperate directory create in the root of the volume The same initial directory I was using in the first instance Both worked fine. So it now seems clear that this is a link between TrueCrypt, iSCSI and Windows Shares. I say this because I originally setup the whole system using TrueCrypt volume files, not iSCSI. I changed it as it didn't suit my requirements - day wasted as well. While I had this setup though I copied my entire file set to the volume files and all files copied without error - over the network, from a pc, to the server where TrueCrypt had the volume files mounted from the NAS. I didn't bother turning off CRC on the iSCSI system as I highly doubt that is the cause in light of this finding. So any ideas?

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• 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

  - by bart613

  Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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