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• How to pass results of bc to a variable

  - by shaolin

  I'm writing a script and I would like to pass the results from bc into a variable. I've declared 2 variables (var1 and var2) and have given them values. In my script I want to pass the results from bc into another variable say var3 so that I can work with var3 for other calculations. So far I have been able write the result to a file which is not what I'm looking for and also I've been able to echo the result in the terminal but I just want to pass the result to a variable at moment so that I can work with that variable. echo "scale=2;$var1/var2" | bc

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• how to change gnome 3.2.6 panel background color

  - by rajeev

  I am using ubunut 12.10 with gnome-shell 3.6.2 . I want to change the background color of the panel appearing top of the screen. I am currently using following theme as described in Tweak Tool:Current Theme :AdwaitaCursor Theme: AdwaitaGtk+ Theme: Adwaita I have tried using gconf-editor and dconf-editor but none of them are showing the background color option for the panel. Can any one suggest me a solution to above ?

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• Providing SSH tunnling, what to think about when configuring Ubuntu Server

  - by bigbadonk420

  Recently I've considered, mostly as a pet project, to set up accounts for a closed group of users via SSH to my box with the purpose of SSH tunnling things like web traffic -- some of it for friends that live abroad and perhaps also to help some people bypass national censorship. There's some things I imagine that I need to do, such as: Disabling shell access by setting the shell to /bin/false or similar. Get some software that can track bandwidth usage on a per-user basis historically Make sure that each user can only use a certain amount of bandwidth. The reason I'm posting here to begin with is to look around and get some pointers regarding what kind of things I should read up on, as well as hearing if there are any software recommendations for doing what I'm trying to do. I already know a bit since I've actually gotten SSH tunnling up and running already, I just don't feel like letting it loose to other people without restrictions and some basic monitoring. I'm primarily trying to learn here, so if you think this is a Very Bad Idea (or if you have a better idea on how to do this) then by all means say so, but please include some information on how to do it :) (I'm also open to trying things like OpenVPN but it seems really hard to set up, also I've heard SSH more often works in locked down environments)

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• NetBeans has broken interface with OpenJDK

  - by Krzysztof Stanislawek

  Sorry for English. Usually (say, at 4/5 of times), when I start NetBeans, interface is partially broken. For example, menu items are appearing and at once disappearing after click; some parts of editor are also blocked for cursor actions. Another issue is broken Options window - I can show it only once for NetBeans execution. There are more similar issues. $ java -version java version "1.7.0_55" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.4.7) (7u55-2.4.7-1ubuntu1~0.13.10.1) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode) Version of NetBeans is 7.0.1. Linux version is Mint 16. I use Mate. I had the same issue at other computer, at the same operating system. I know that installing Sun version of Java could help, but I also know that there shouldn't be such issue with OpenJDK. Also, I had other problem with NetBeans and Sun Java 8 - NetBeans suddenly crashed before he fully started, so I want to stick with OpenJDK. What causes my problem? Should I use other version of NetBeans/OpenJDK?

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• Mouse wheel scrolls down, but not up?

  - by HDave

  I've set up a new machine with Ubuntu 12.04 (x64) and have notice that the mouse wheel scrolls down fine, but when I scroll up, it pages down! I've run xev and have verified that scroll up is registering as button 4 and scoll down is button 5. So everything there is fine. I think that button 4 is somehow mapped to page down instead of scroll up. Any idea how to fix? NOTE: I've read the Ubuntu instructions on how to use imwheel to change mouse button mappings, but it doesn't work on 12.04. See here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/imwheel/+bug/1004812

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• How can I remove duplicate icons for "launched" java programs in the launcher?

  - by Tim

  When launching java programs (like IntelliJ IDEA and Crashplan) in Natty's Unity launcher, duplicate icons are shown (see image). For IntelliJ I created the .desktop file, for Crashplan the .desktop file is supplied with the application. Is there something that can be changed in the .desktop files (or somewhere else) that can prevent this from occurring? I couldn't find a bug report for unity itself but programs like Gnome-Do/Docky have bug reports and had to make internal changes to their applications to prevent this. In this image the 1st icon is the one created from the .desktop file and the second icon is after launching it. Second icon disappears when closing the application. Custom IntelliJ .desktop file #!/usr/bin/env xdg-open [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Type=Application Terminal=false Icon[en_US]=/opt/idea/bin/idea128.png Name[en_US]=IntelliJ IDEA Exec=/opt/idea/bin/idea.sh Name=IntelliJ IDEA Icon=/opt/idea/bin/idea128.png StartupNotify=true Crashplan provide .desktop file [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Encoding=UTF-8 Name=CrashPlan Categories=; Comment=CrashPlan Desktop UI Comment[en_CA]=CrashPlan Desktop UI Exec=/usr/local/crashplan/bin/CrashPlanDesktop Icon=/usr/local/crashplan/skin/icon_app_64x64.png Hidden=false Terminal=false Type=Application GenericName[en_CA]=

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• remastersys created Live DVD hangs in "Choose a picture"

  - by eos2012

  I used remastersys to create a Live DVD. Then, I used the Live DVD for the installation on another computer. The installation hung at the "Choose a picture" session. Both the "Back" and "Continue" buttons were disabled. It seemed like the installation was hung. I had to power-cycle the computer and reinstall from the Live DVD again. After the power-cycle, the installation from the Live DVD went successfully. Any idea why the installation hung at the "Choose a picture" session, and how to fix it without power-cycle the computer? Thanks a lot!

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• I've had Tomboy twice delete a single important note. What's going on there?

  - by Mittenchops

  Not sure what's going on here, but here's the best I can describe: I use Tomboy extensively, for notes, collecting throw-away passwords,etc. Once a couple of months ago, a very important note just disappeared. No reference to the title, no deleting, no way of tracking it down---it was just like it had never existed. The same thing just happened today. I think the note in question was actually open when I rebooted, so maybe that's related. Has anyone else encountered something similar? EDIT: Happened 3 times Seems to be the last note I have open when shutting down (which is usually the most important) is deleted without a trace.

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• How to determine the version and origin of proprietary drivers installed by Additional Drivers?

  - by Bribles

  How can I tell which version and from which repository the Additional Drivers tool is trying to install the fglrx graphics driver? It says that I have a different version of the driver in use. I installed the driver from maverick/restricted and apt-cache tells me it's from a regular Ubuntu mirror. The installed version is the same as the candidate version. Can I get Additional Drivers to tell me what it would install if I activated the driver through it? Is it possible Additional Drivers just assumes it's a different version since it was installed by a different process?

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• Printer share keeps asking for password and I can't authenticate from any machine. Why?

  - by tenshimsm

  Ubuntu 12.04 printer share keeps asking for password and I can't authenticate from any machine. Why?? We've installed it in two machine (to act as printer servers) and we get the same problem. It doesn't matter what we do, change or install. We can't figure out why the printer share asks for password even using all of the users that are registered in the server. What is wrong with Precise? I want it to work without a password, but it is not even working WITH one! I gave up! The samba version that comes with Precise is insufferable! I tried various settings that didn't work. I should've used Mint from the beginning. [Edit] My printers config. Remembering that samba is 3.6.3 in ubuntu 12.04 load printers = yes [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = yes path = /var/spool/samba printable = yes guest ok = yes readonly = yes create mask = 0700 [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes readonly = yes guest ok = yes

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• Problem with pulseaudio / Skype / and sound Output

  - by Ash Mafiaboy SysemaicallyAffec

  Ok, i got Ubuntu 12.04 , the problem come with the sound driver, Ok, may time when my Ubuntu restarted its seem that the driver is being disable, that one problem, the other problem is that when my mike and sound is working find on skype, and when i am trying to play some music on my computer specially when i am on video call we can heard any sound out . even when i play a song from youtube i got to sign off from youtube then, its work, i got a 5.1 suround and i wonder if somebody can help me out

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• How to turn a pdf into a text searchable pdf?

  - by don.joey

  I have a number of scanned documents in pdf and I want to be able to search them. How can I do that? Essentially I have to OCR the pdf and then blend the extracted text back into a new pdf. I have unsuccesfully tried pdfocr (which gives me this issue: https://github.com/gkovacs/pdfocr/issues/7) pdfsandwich (of which the software center says it is a poor package and I should not install it) Is there a software package I am unaware of? Or a script that does this?

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• How to install Tor (Web Browser) in Ubuntu 12.10?

  - by Zignd

  I would like to install the Tor, but I'm having some problems. I know that someone will say "This question is a exactly duplication of How to install tor?", but it's not, because the another question can not be applied to Ubuntu 12.10 as the deb command is not available anymore. I did a research and even at the Tor's Official Website the available resource can not be applied to Ubuntu 12.10. I tried to use the deb command (as the above question says: deb http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org <DISTRIBUTION> main) and the Terminal says deb: command not found and when I try to install it says E: Unable to locate package deb. I've also tried to use the ppa: ubun-tor, but it's not compatible with Quantal Quetzal, because it's too old. I've also tried to use sudo apt-get install tor, but browser icon don't shows up after installation and if you try to use the command tor in the Terminal I get the following error message: Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Tor v0.2.3.22-rc (git-4a0c70a817797420) running on Linux. Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Tor can't help you if you use it wrong! Learn how to be safe at https://www.torproject.org/download/download#warning Nov 26 10:59:25.731 [notice] Read configuration file "/etc/tor/torrc". Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [notice] Initialized libevent version 2.0.19-stable using method epoll (with changelist). Good. Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [notice] Opening Socks listener on 127.0.0.1:9050 Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [warn] Could not bind to 127.0.0.1:9050: Address already in use. Is Tor already running? Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [warn] Failed to parse/validate config: Failed to bind one of the listener ports. Nov 26 10:59:25.737 [err] Reading config failed--see warnings above. Thanks in advance.

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• Ubuntu 14.04 VLC Subtitles - Will not attach (unable to drag/drop or upload while viewing)

  - by TheLizardKing

  I'm new to Ubuntu and a long time user of VLC with the Windows OS. In Windows, I was able to drag and drop the .sfv file onto the playing video and the subtitles would be enabled. In Ubuntu I try to drag and drop the .sfv file and it acts as though the .sfv file is a video and stops the actual video from playing. When I try to attach the .sfv file (view - subtitles - select text subtitles) I'm able to see the .sfv file I'd like to attach/open, although once I click open the file doesn't attach itself to the video. Does anyone know how to help me with this situation? I'm 2 seasons deep into Breaking Bad and attempting to read the body language of the characters during the Spanish parts has gone on way too long. Thank you, Greg

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• Will installing Ubuntu using Wubi erase Windows?

  - by James Lang

  I have an HP laptop with 2 partitions: C: and D:, with windows 7 installed in the C: drive and D: is the Recovery partition. When I try to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS using Wubi, it only shows the C: drive for installing and not the D: drive where I wanted to format and install ubuntu. So, if I go ahead and install in the C: drive where windows 7 is already installed, would Wubi erase windows 7? Or it will just install Ubuntu as a program in windows?

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• lvm disappeared after disc replacement on raid10

  - by user142295

  here my problem: I am running ubuntu 12.04 on a raid10 (4 disks), on top of which I installed an lvm with two volume groups (one for /, one for /home). The layout of the disks are as follows: Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003f3b6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 481949 240943+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 481950 2910640634 1455079342+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 2910640635 2930272064 9815715 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00069785 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f14de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris The first disk (/dev/sda) contains the /boot partition on /dev/sda1. I use grub2 to boot the system off this partition. On top of this raid10 I installed two volume groups, one for /, one for /home. This system worked well, I even exchanged two disks during the last two years. It always worked. But not this time. For the first time, /dev/sda broke. I do not know if this is an issue – I know I would have struggled anyways to overcome the problem with /boot installed on that disk and grub2 installed on the mbr of /dev/sda. Anyways, I did what I always did: start knoppix fire up the raid sudo mdadm --examine -scan which returns ARRAY /dev/md127 UUID=0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 start it up sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 fail the failing disk (smart event) sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2 remove the failing disk sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2 stop the raid sudo mdadm -S /dev/md127 take out the disk replace it with a new one create the same partitions as on the failling one add it to the raid sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sda2 wait 4 hours All looks fine: cat /proc/mdstat returns: Personalities : [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2910158464 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> and sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 returns /dev/md127: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Jun 10 13:08:46 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 2910158464 (2775.34 GiB 2980.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 1455079232 (1387.67 GiB 1490.00 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 127 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Mar 21 16:27:40 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 (local to host Microknoppix) Events : 0.4824680 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 However, there is no trace of the volume groups. Rebooting into knoppix does not help Restarting the old system (I actually replugged and re-added the failing disk for that – the system begins to start, but then fails to see the / partition – no wonder if the volume group is gone) does not help. sudo vgscan, sudo vgdisplay, sudo lvs, sudo lvdisplay, sudo vgscan –mknodes all returned No volume groups found. I am completely at a loss. Can anyone tell me if and how I can recover my data? Thanks in advance!

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• Unity won't load in Ubuntu 12.10

  - by Nigel

  I just upgraded Ubuntu last night to 12.10 from 12.04. When I rebooted like it asked, everything seemed fine, except one of my monitors had a white screen, and I could not use it. After some tweaking in the AMD Catalyst center, I got it to work, but now Unity wont load, and the bar up top wont load either. I am in suspicion that it a problem with Compiz, but might be completely wrong. Any tips on getting this to work? I am also kind of new at Linux, but I could open a terminal and get Opera open for web browsing, but it is really choppy and slow.

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• the application compiz has closed unexpectedly

  - by Rob

  i'm a newbie to linux os, i have recently installed the latest version of ubuntu 12.10 desktop 32bit on a hp-compaq d530 desktop pc, but after a restart login screen works fine, once logged in after 20/30secs i get a window prompt with the message " the application compiz has closed unexpectedly " i have send the report and after that i am stuck with just the wallpaper / screensaver. if any one can help me out would be grateful thanks

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• What does a media server need?

  - by DeaDSouL

  I want to buy a new PC to be used as a media server that streams HD movies, music to any wireless device on my network (laptop, desktop, TV, etc.). I was wondering about the PC hardware's specifications that I need to have so that it can work just fine? (It will be wireless) Is there any tutorial showing how it could be done? And the security - how can I secure it? As well as I need it to to host my emails. I mean I have many emails. And sometimes I'm using desktop, sometimes laptop.. so is it possible to make the server store a copy of my emails, attachments, all sent items (whether they were from desktop or laptop)?

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• What You Said: How You Organize a Messy Music Collection

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Earlier this week we asked you to share your tips, tricks, and tools, for managing a messy music collection. Now we’re back to share so great reader tips; read on to find ways to tame your mountain of music. Several readers were, despite having tried various techniques over the years, fans of doing things largely the manual way. Aurora900 explains: I spent a weekend sorting everything myself once. Took a while, but now I have folders sorted by artist, and within the artist folders are folders for their albums. With my collection at about 260gb, it can be a daunting task, but it’s well worth it in the end. I don’t have the tagging issue as I make sure anything I have is properly tagged to begin with… If I’m ripping a CD I use Easy CD-DA Extractor, which automatically searches a database on the internet for the tags. If I’m downloading something, if its from a reputable source its going to be properly tagged already. Bilbo Baggins would love to automate, but eclectic music tastes make it hard: How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 3 How to Sync Your Media Across Your Entire House with XBMC How to Own Your Own Website (Even If You Can’t Build One) Pt 2

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• Why am I am unable to open exe files?

  - by Aaron

  It doesn't matter what disk I use, it can not open the program. I keep getting the following error: Archive: /media/xxxxxxxx/INSTALL/_Setupa.exe [/media/xxxxxxxxxx/INSTALL/_Setupa.exe] End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. zipinfo: cannot find zipfile directory in one of /media/xxxxxx/INSTALL/_Setupa.exe or /media/xxxxxxxxx/INSTALL/_Setupa.exe.zip, and cannot find /media/xxxxxxxxx/INSTALL/_Setupa.exe.ZIP, period. Any ideas?

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• Launcher icons are invisible after upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04

  - by Clo Knibbe

  I am re-purposing an old laptop. I installed 11.10 on it and then immediately upgraded to 12.04. (I could not directly install 12.04 as my system does not support PAE.) When my system was (briefly) 11.10, the desktop appeared as expected. However, after the upgrade to 12.04, the icons in the launcher area are invisible. If I hover over the spot where the icon should be the little popup window showing the tool's name appears, and I can click to invoke the tool. I just cannot see the icons. ![invisible icons in launcher][1] The icons do appear as expected in other contexts, for example in the Home folder and in Dash Home. My theme is "Ambiance (default)" I do not have a ~/.icons folder. This is the top level contents of /usr/share/icons: default DMZ-Black DMZ-White gnome handhelds hicolor HighContrast HighContrastInverse Humanity Humanity-Dark locolor LoginIcons LowContrast redglass ubuntu-mono-dark ubuntu-mono-light unity-icon-theme whiteglass (Sorry for the poor formatting, can't get it to show in list.) I suspect that the launcher isn't looking for the icons in the right place, but I don't know how to confirm that, or how to correct. This is my first foray into Linux, although I used to use Unix a few decades ago. This doesn't look much like my old Sun workstation, though! Does anyone have any suggestions or insights for me? Thanks.

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• Menu bars are a basic light gray after installing graphics card driver. [closed]

  - by Jonathan

  Possible Duplicate: Desktop forgets theme? Hi, I've just installed Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit. It came up saying I could install 2 proprietary drivers, one for my WiFi adapter (which works perfectly) and one for my graphics card - a Sapphire AIT Radeon HD 5770 1024MB GDDR5 PCI-Express Graphics Card. The driver is called ATI/AMD proprietary FGLRX graphics driver. Before installing this driver I was unable to have Extra Visual Effects in Appearances. However after installing (and restarting) the menu bars are now in a basic light gray mode, rather than the sleek Ubuntu black. - Although Extra Visual Effects does now work. I've tried rebooting, and I've had a look around in ATI "Catalyst Control Center" but nothing has worked so far. Does anybody know what this windows mode is, how to change it back to normal and why it's doing it in the first place? Below is a screenshot of my computer: (This is also the first time I've installed Ubuntu on my computer, and am keen for it to work.)

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• Add Multiple Types of Items to the Desktop Context Menu in Windows 7 or 8

  - by Lori Kaufman

  The context menu in Windows provides a convenient place to start programs, access websites, and open folders. There are several ways to add programs to the menu including a registry method and a free tool. We’ve found another free tool, called Right Click Context Menu Adder, that allows you to add more than just programs to the desktop context menu and the folders context menu. It allows you to add folders, web addresses, and files to the menus, as well as programs. Right Click Context Menu Adder is portable and doesn’t need to be installed. To run it, simply extract the .zip file you downloaded (see the link at the end of this article) and double-click on the .exe file. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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• Find Out Which Websites are Tracking You Across the Web

  - by Taylor Gibb

  Have you ever wondered where the websites you visit send your information? Well, if you have, read on to find out about this new extension from Mozilla that will tell you how you are tracked across websites. Editor’s Note: Most websites use cookies of some type, and all online advertisers do, including the advertisers on this site. You’re welcome to block cookies if that’s a worry. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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