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  • Understanding Haskell's filter

    - by dmindreader
    I understand that Haskell's filter is a high order function (meaning a function that takes another function as a parameter) that goes through a list checking which element fulfills certain boolean condition. I don't quite understand its definition: filter:: (a->Bool)->[a]->[a] filter p [] = [] filter p (x:y) | p x = x:filter p y | otherwise = filter p y I understand that if I pass an empty list to the function, it would just return an empty list, but how do I read the last two lines?

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  • Understanding The Convolution Matrix

    - by Ryan Naddy
    I am learning about the Convolution Matrix, and I understand how they work, but I don't understand how to know before hand what the output of a Matrix will look like. For example lets say I want to add a blur to an image, I could guess 10,000+ different combinations of numbers before I get the correct one. I do know though that this formula will give me a blur effect, but I have no idea why. float[] sharpen = new float[] { 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f, 1/9f }; Can anyone either explain to me how this works or point me to some article, that explains this? I would like to know before hand what a possible output of the matrix will be without guessing. Basically I would like to know why do we put that number in the filed, and why not some other number?

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  • I need help understanding how this jQuery filter function works, line-by-line, if possible

    - by user717236
    Here is the HTML: <div> <h3>text</h3> </div> <div> <h3>moretext</h3> </div> <div> <h3>123</h3> </div>?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Here is the JS: var rv1_wlength = $("div").filter(function() { return $(this).find("h3").filter(function () { return $(this).text() != "123"; }).length; }); var rv1_wolength = $("div").filter(function() { return $(this).find("h3").filter(function () { return $(this).text() != "123"; }); }); var rv2 = $("div").find("h3").filter(function() { return $(this).text() != "123"; }); alert(rv1_wlength.text()); // text // moretext alert(rv1_wolength.text()); // text // moretext // 123 alert(rv2.text());? // textmoretext I don't understand why the first two methods print the elements on each line, whereas the second method concatenates them. "rv2" is a jQuery object. Then, what are the first two (rv1_wlength and rv1_wolength)? Furthermore, I don't understand why the inclusion of the length property makes all the difference in filtering the elements. The second method does nothing, since it returns all the elements. The first method, with the only change being the addition of the length property, correctly filters the elements. I would very much like a line-by-line explanation. I would sincerely appreciate any feedback. Thank you.

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  • some pointer to understanding GCC source code

    - by user299570
    hi, I'm student working on optimizing GCC for multi-core processor. I tried going through the source code, it is difficult to follow through it since I need to add some code to the back end. Can anyone suggest some good resource which explains the code flow through the different phases. Also suggest some development environment for debugging GCC mainly to step through the code. Is it possible on windows?

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  • Understanding Virtualization

    - by mohit
    Hi, I wana to know about Virtualization in detail. But start from basics, like what is virtualization, with real world examples and scenarios. When ever i search, i got Virtualization technologies, but i want to learn and in fcat know what exactly is virtualization, its types n all..... Please help me in getting practical details of term "Virtualization"

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  • understanding list[i-1] vs list[i]-1

    - by user3720527
    Hopefully this is a simple answer that I am just failing to understand. Full code is public static void mystery(int[] list) { for( int i = list.length - 1; i>1; i --) { if (list[i] > list[i - 1]) { list[i -1] = list[i] - 2; list[i]++; } } } } and lets say we are using a list of [2,3,4]. I know that it will output 2,2,5 but I am unclear how to actually work through it. I understand that the list.length is 3 here, and I understand that the for loop will only run once, but I am very unclear what happens at the list[i - 1] = list[i] - 2; area. Should it be list[2-1] = list[2] - 2? How does the two being outside the bracket effect it differently? Much thanks.

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  • Understanding Ruby Enumerable#map (with more complex blocks)

    - by mstksg
    Let's say I have a function def odd_or_even n if n%2 == 0 return :even else return :odd end end And I had a simple enumerable array simple = [1,2,3,4,5] And I ran it through map, with my function, using a do-end block: simple.map do |n| odd_or_even(n) end # => [:odd,:even,:odd,:even,:odd] How could I do this without, say, defining the function in the first place? For example, # does not work simple.map do |n| if n%2 == 0 return :even else return :odd end end # Desired result: # => [:odd,:even,:odd,:even,:odd] is not valid ruby, and the compiler gets mad at me for even thinking about it. But how would I implement an equivalent sort of thing, that works?

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  • Need help understanding the MVC design pattern

    - by Doron Sinai
    Hi, I am trying to find a ood example of MVC design pattern in java. This is what i understood from reading about it, please correct me if I am wrong: I have the Model part which is the logic behind the program, let's say if we have a phonebook, so adding and removing contact from the Array will be the model. The Gui is the view and it contains buttons that upon clicking them, the model is changing. What I am trying to undersand what is the controller part, is it the ActionListeners? how to you seperate those modules in practice. thank you

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  • Understanding max JVM heap size

    - by Marcus
    I've read the max heap size on 32bit Windows is ~1.5GB which is due to the fact that the JVM requires contiguous memory. Can someone explain the concept of "contiguous memory" and why you only have max 1.5GB on Windows? Secondly, what then is the max heap size on 64 bit Windows and why is this different than what's available on 32 bit?

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  • Understanding C++ dynamic allocation

    - by kiokko89
    Consider the following code: class CString { private: char* buff; size_t len; public: CString(const char* p):len(0), buff(nullptr) { cout << "Constructor called!"<<endl; if (p!=nullptr) { len= strlen(p); if (len>0) { buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, p); } } } CString (const CString& s) { cout << "Copy constructor called!"<<endl; len= s.len; buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, s.buff); } CString& operator = (const CString& rhs) { cout << "Assignment operator called!"<<endl; if (this != &rhs) { len= rhs.len; delete[] buff; buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, rhs.buff); } return *this; } CString operator + (const CString& rhs) const { cout << "Addition operator called!"<<endl; size_t lenght= len+rhs.len+1; char* tmp = new char[lenght]; strcpy_s(tmp, lenght, buff); strcat_s(tmp, lenght, rhs.buff); return CString(tmp); } ~CString() { cout << "Destructor called!"<<endl; delete[] buff; } }; int main() { CString s1("Hello"); CString s2("World"); CString s3 = s1+s2; } My problem is that I don't know how to delete the memory allocated in the addition operator function(char* tmp = new char[length]). I couldn't do this in the constructor(I tried delete[] p) because it is also called from the main function with arrays of chars as parameters which are not allocated on the heap...How can I get around this? (Sorry for my bad English...)

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  • Why C++ virtual function defined in header may not be compiled and linked in vtable?

    - by 0xDEAD BEEF
    Situation is following. I have shared library, which contains class definition - QueueClass : IClassInterface { virtual void LOL() { do some magic} } My shared library initialize class member QueueClass *globalMember = new QueueClass(); My share library export C function which returns pointer to globalMember - void * getGlobalMember(void) { return globalMember;} My application uses globalMember like this ((IClassInterface*)getGlobalMember())->LOL(); Now the very uber stuff - if i do not reference LOL from shared library, then LOL is not linked in and calling it from application raises exception. Reason - VTABLE contains nul in place of pointer to LOL() function. When i move LOL() definition from .h file to .cpp, suddenly it appears in VTABLE and everything works just great. What explains this behavior?! (gcc compiler + ARM architecture_)

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  • Understanding top output in Linux

    - by Rayne
    Hi, I'm trying to determine the CPU usage of a program by looking at the output from Top in Linux. I understand that %us means userspace and %sy means system/kernel etc. But say I see 100%us. Does this mean that the CPU is really only doing useful work? What if a CPU is tied up waiting for resources that are not avaliable, or cache misses, would it also show up in the %us column, or any other column? Thank you.

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  • understanding z buffer formates direct x

    - by numerical25
    A z buffer is just a 3d array that shows what object should be written in front of another object. each element in the array represents a pixel that holds a value from 0.0 to 1.0. My question is if that is all a z buffer does, then why are some buffers 24bit, 32bit, and 16 bit ??

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  • Need some help understanding this problem

    - by Legend
    I was wondering if someone could help me understand this problem. I prepared a small diagram because it is much easier to explain it visually. Problem I am trying to solve: 1. Constructing the dependency graph Given the connectivity of the graph and a metric that determines how well a node depends on the other, order the dependencies. For instance, I could put in a few rules saying that node 3 depends on node 4 node 2 depends on node 3 node 3 depends on node 5 But because the final rule is not "valuable" (again based on the same metric), I will not add the rule to my system. 2. Execute the request order Once I built a dependency graph, execute the list in an order that maximizes the final connectivity. First and foremost, I am wondering if I constructed the problem correctly and if I should be aware of any corner cases. Secondly, is there a closely related algorithm that I can look at? Currently, I am thinking of something like Feedback Arc Set or the Secretary Problem but I am a little confused at the moment. Any suggestions? PS: I am a little confused about the problem myself so please don't flame on me for that. If any clarifications are needed, I will try to update the question.

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  • Understanding Nested If.. Else statements

    - by user1174762
    For some reason my PHP login script keeps returning "invalid email/password combination", yet i know I am entering the correct email and password. Does anyone see what I might be doing wrong? <?php $email= $_POST['email']; $password= $_POST['password']; if (!empty($email) && !empty($password)) { $connect= mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "si") or die('error connecting with the database'); $query= "SELECT user_id, email, password FROM users WHERE email='$email' AND password='$password'"; $result= mysqli_query($connect, $query) or die('error with query'); if (mysqli_num_rows($result) == 1) { $row= mysqli_fetch_array($result); setcookie('user_id', $row['user_id']); echo "you are now logged in"; } else { echo "invalid username/password combination"; } } else { echo" you must fill out both username and password"; } ?>

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  • Play Multiple iPod Library Songs On iPhone At The Same Time With Pitch Bending & Other Effects

    - by Dino
    Hi, I have been going at this for the past two weeks and it is driving me crazy. I asked this question a couple of days ago (Extract iPod Library raw PCM samples and play with sound effects) and whilst the answer got me half way there I am still stuck. Basically what I am trying to achieve is load up multiple songs from the iPod library for playback with effects such as pitch bend, eq effects etc... I have gone down the route of AVPlayer and AVAudioPlayer which are too simple. The only framework I've seen that can play audio with these effects is OpenAL. I have tried a few objective c wrappers (Finch and ObjectAL) Finch does not play compressed audio whilst ObjectAL will only convert it for me if I pass in a URL for the file (which is something I cannot do because I only have an incompatible iPod library URL). An example of an app that does what I want beautifilly is Tap DJ. It can load up songs from the iPod library fast (unlike TouchDJ and it plays them with all sorts of effects. Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Understanding Plesk Watchdog statistics

    - by weotch
    We have Plesk 8.3 installed. I've started using their Watchdog module to track server useage. Our server routinely has trouble with the amount of traffic we have and I think our MySQL queries need to be smarter. Anyway, looking at the stats from Watchdog, it seems like MySQL usage is low compared to so something else making up the "overall" usage. See this: I was hoping someone with a lot of Plesk exeprience could help me understand what I'm seeing here. Can I not trust Watchdog's reports or am I missing something?

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  • Assembly-wide / root-level styles in WPF class library

    - by WarpedBoard
    I have a C# (2008/.NET 3.5) class library assembly that supports WPF (based on http://dotupdate.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/how-to-add-a-wpf-control-library-template-to-visual-c-express-2008/). I've created several windows, and am now attempting to create a common style set for them. However, as it's a class library (instead of a WPF app), I don't have an app.xaml (and its contained Application & corresponding Application.Resources) in which to store these styles for global access. So: How can I create a top-level set of style definitions that'll be seen by all xaml files in the assembly, given that I do not have app.xaml (see above)? And/or is it possible to add a working app.xaml to a class library? FYI, I did try creating a ResourceDictionary in a ResourceDictionary.xaml file, and include it in each window within a "Window.Resources" block. That turned out to solve the styling of Buttons, etc... but not for the enclosing Window. I can put 'Style="{StaticResource MyWindowStyle}"' in the Window's opening block, and it compiles and shows up in the VS Design window fine, but during actual runtime I get a parse exception (MyWindowStyle could not be found; I'm guessing Visual Studio sees the dictionary included after the line in question, but the CRL does things more sequentially and therefore hasn't loaded the ResourceDictionary yet).

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  • Perl code -need some understanding.

    - by benjamin button
    Hi i have a perl code below: foreach (@tmp_cycledef) { chomp; my ($cycle_code, $close_day, $first_date) = split(/\|/, $_,3); $cycle_code =~ s/^\s*(\S*(?:\s+\S+)*)\s*$/$1/; $close_day =~ s/^\s*(\S*(?:\s+\S+)*)\s*$/$1/; $first_date =~ s/^\s*(\S*(?:\s+\S+)*)\s*$/$1/; #print "$cycle_code, $close_day, $first_date\n"; $cycledef{$cycle_code} = [ $close_day, split(/-/,$first_date) ]; } the value of tmp_cycledef comes from output of an sql query: select cycle_code,cycle_close_day,to_char(cycle_first_date,'YYYY-MM-DD') from cycle_definition d order by cycle_code; can anybody tell me what exactly is happening inside the for loop? thanks in advance.

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  • Working with libpath with java reflection.

    - by C. Ross
    I'm dynamically loading a class and calling a method on it. This class does JNI. When I call the class, java attempts to load the library. This causes an error because the library is not on the libpath. I'm calling from instead a jar so I can't easily change the libpath (especially since the library is not in the same directory or a sub directory of the jar). I do know the path of the library, but how can I load it before I load the class. Current code: public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { if(!CLASS_NAME.equals(name)) return super.loadClass(name); try { URL myUrl = new URL(classFileUrl); URLConnection connection = myUrl.openConnection(); InputStream input = connection.getInputStream(); byte[] classData = readConnectionToArray(input); return defineClass(CLASS_NAME, classData, 0, classData.length); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(e); } } Exception: Can't find library libvcommon.so java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: vcommon (A file or directory in the path name does not exist.) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibraryWithPath(ClassLoader.java:998) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibraryWithClassLoader(ClassLoader.java:962) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:465) at vcommon.(vcommon.java:103) at java.lang.J9VMInternals.initializeImpl(Native Method) at java.lang.J9VMInternals.initialize(J9VMInternals.java:200) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:599) at com.fortune500.fin.v.vunit.reflection.ReflectionvProcessor.calculateV(ReflectionvProcessor.java:36) at com.fortune500.fin.v.vunit.UTLTestCase.execute(UTLTestCase.java:42) at com.fortune500.fin.v.vunit.TestSuite.execute(TestSuite.java:15) at com.fortune500.fin.v.vunit.batch.Testvendor.execute(Testvendor.java:101) at com.fortune500.fin.v.vunit.batch.Testvendor.main(Testvendor.java:58) Related: Dynamic loading a class in java with a different package name

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  • Java Matcher groups: Understanding The difference between "(?:X|Y)" and "(?:X)|(?:Y)"

    - by user358795
    Can anyone explain: Why the two patterns used below give different results? (answered below) Why the 2nd example gives a group count of 1 but says the start and end of group 1 is -1? public void testGroups() throws Exception { String TEST_STRING = "After Yes is group 1 End"; { Pattern p; Matcher m; String pattern="(?:Yes|No)(.*)End"; p=Pattern.compile(pattern); m=p.matcher(TEST_STRING); boolean f=m.find(); int count=m.groupCount(); int start=m.start(1); int end=m.end(1); System.out.println("Pattern=" + pattern + "\t Found=" + f + " Group count=" + count + " Start of group 1=" + start + " End of group 1=" + end ); } { Pattern p; Matcher m; String pattern="(?:Yes)|(?:No)(.*)End"; p=Pattern.compile(pattern); m=p.matcher(TEST_STRING); boolean f=m.find(); int count=m.groupCount(); int start=m.start(1); int end=m.end(1); System.out.println("Pattern=" + pattern + "\t Found=" + f + " Group count=" + count + " Start of group 1=" + start + " End of group 1=" + end ); } } Which gives the following output: Pattern=(?:Yes|No)(.*)End Found=true Group count=1 Start of group 1=9 End of group 1=21 Pattern=(?:Yes)|(?:No)(.*)End Found=true Group count=1 Start of group 1=-1 End of group 1=-1

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  • Understanding the singleton class when aliasing a instance method

    - by Backo
    I am using Ruby 1.9.2 and the Ruby on Rails v3.2.2 gem. I am trying to learn Metaprogramming "the right way" and at this time I am aliasing an instance method in the included do ... end block provided by the RoR ActiveSupport::Concern module: module MyModule extend ActiveSupport::Concern included do # Builds the instance method name. my_method_name = build_method_name.to_sym # => :my_method # Defines the :my_method instance method in the including class of MyModule. define_singleton_method(my_method_name) do |*args| # ... end # Aliases the :my_method instance method in the including class of MyModule. singleton_class = class << self; self end singleton_class.send(:alias_method, :my_new_method, my_method_name) end end "Newbiely" speaking, with a search on the Web I came up with the singleton_class = class << self; self end statement and I used that (instead of the class << self ... end block) in order to scope the my_method_name variable, making the aliasing generated dynamically. I would like to understand exactly why and how the singleton_class works in the above code and if there is a better way (maybe, a more maintainable and performant one) to implement the same (aliasing, defining the singleton method and so on), but "the right way" since I think it isn't so.

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  • Am I understanding premature optimization correctly?

    - by Ed Mazur
    I've been struggling with an application I'm writing and I think I'm beginning to see that my problem is premature optimization. The perfectionist side of me wants to make everything optimal and perfect the first time through, but I'm finding this is complicating the design quite a bit. Instead of writing small, testable functions that do one simple thing well, I'm leaning towards cramming in as much functionality as possible in order to be more efficient. For example, I'm avoiding multiple trips to the database for the same piece of information at the cost of my code becoming more complex. One part of me wants to just not worry about redundant database calls. It would make it easier to write correct code and the amount of data being fetched is small anyway. The other part of me feels very dirty and unclean doing this. :-) I'm leaning towards just going to the database multiple times, which I think is the right move here. It's more important that I finish the project and I feel like I'm getting hung up because of optimizations like this. My question is: is this the right strategy to be using when avoiding premature optimization?

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  • Trying to verify understanding of Foreign Keys MSSQL

    - by msarchet
    So I'm working on just a learning project to expose myself to doing some things I do not get to do at work. I'm just making a simple bug and case tracking app (I know there are a million this is just to work with some tools I don't get to). So I was designing my database and realized I've never actually used Foreign Keys before in any of my projects, I've used them before but never actually setting up a column as a FK. So I've designed my database as follows, which I think is close to correct (at least for the initial layout). However When I try to add the FK's to the linking Tables I get an error saying, "The tables present in the relationship must have the same number of columns". I'm doing this by in SQLSMS by going to the Keys 'folder' and adding a FK. Is there something that I am doing wrong here, I don't understand why the tables would have to have the same number of columns for me to add a FK relationship between the tables?

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