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  • Where does the information shown by OS X Terminal 'Display all commands' feature come from?

    - by Sergio Acosta
    I just learned that if you hit and hold ESC while on the Mac Terminal, a prompt appears after a few seconds offering to show every command available on your system, including aliases, built-ins, and executables on your PATH. Soruce: http://www.mactricksandtips.com/2008/05/list-all-possible-terminal-commands.html However, the output is show through a more filter, and I cannot grep it or pipe it to another command. Does anyone know how this magic output is generated? Is it just generated on the fly by Terminal? Is there a bash command that can be called explicitly on the command line and get the same result? It is mostly curiosity, but I would love to be able to get the results as text I can post-process and not just browse on screen.

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  • if there are multiple kernel module can drive the same device, what is the rule to choose from them?

    - by Dyno Fu
    both pcnet32 and vmxnet can drive the device. $ lspci -k ... 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 10) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 19 I/O ports at 2000 [size=128] [virtual] Expansion ROM at dc400000 [disabled] [size=64K] Kernel driver in use: vmxnet Kernel modules: vmxnet, pcnet32 both kernel modules are loaded, $ lsmod | grep net pcnet32 32644 0 vmxnet 17696 0 mii 5212 1 pcnet32 as you see, kernel driver in use is vmxnet. is there any policy/algorithm in kernel how to choose from the candidates?

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  • linux migration/N high cpu consumption

    - by Alexander
    on my linux appliance based on 3.0.0-14 kernel I got: RPN:/tmp# ps axuf | grep migration root 6 92.9 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr23 2788:33 \_ [migration/0] root 7 99.7 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr23 2993:20 \_ [migration/1] my top is RPN:/tmp# top -b -n1 top - 12:03:41 up 2 days, 2:18, 5 users, load average: 25.76, 25.26, 24.73 Tasks: 171 total, 1 running, 168 sleeping, 0 stopped, 2 zombie Cpu(s): 14.0%us, 12.6%sy, 0.8%ni, 72.0%id, 0.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1543032k total, 1264728k used, 278304k free, 25308k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 183168k cached My question: why processes "migration/N" take so much CPU?

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  • Trouble configuring sendmail to relay mail

    - by Warren Schubert
    I am trying to configure sendmail and ufw on an ubuntu server (ServerA) so that another server (ServerB) can send mail through it. In my /etc/mail/access file I have the following line (a.b.c.d is the IP of ServerB): Connect:a.b.c.d RELAY My ufw status shows the following rule I added: 25/tcp ALLOW a.b.c.d When I telnet from ServerA I get through: telnet localhost 25 When I telnet from ServerB I don't (w.x.y.z is the IP of ServerA): telnet w.x.y.z 25 telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused I did restart the sendmail daemon after editing the access file. What could I be missing? Something in sendmail.mc? Edit: netstat -an|grep -w 25 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

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  • Amazon EC2 - Unable to connect to MySQL

    - by alexus
    I'm having issue connecting from one VM to another # nmap -p3306 ip-XX-XX-XX-XX.ec2.internal Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-06-10 17:50 EDT Nmap scan report for ip-XX-XX-XX-XX.ec2.internal (XX.XX.XX.XX) Host is up (0.000033s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp closed mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.05 seconds # in my Security Group I allowed Inbound connectivity via port TCP, portrange 3306 and Source 0.0.0.0/0, so theoratically it should work, but in reality it doesn't( I'm running red hat enterprise linux 7 on both VMs. mariadb.service running fine on another VM and I am able to connect to it locally. DB's: # netstat -anp | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2324/mysqld # iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # Any ideas what else I missed?

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  • How to tell if linux disk IO is causing excessive (> 1 second) application stalls

    - by noahz
    I have a Java application performing a large volume (hundreds of MB) of continuous output (streaming plain text) to about a dozen files a ext3 SAN filesystem. Occasionally, this application pauses for several seconds at a time. I suspect that something related to ext3 vsfs (Veritas Filesystem) functionality (and/or how it interacts with the OS) is the culprit. What steps can I take to confirm or refute this theory? I am aware of iostat and /proc/diskstats as starting points. Revised title to de-emphasize journaling and emphasize "stalls" I have done some googling and found at least one article that seems to describe behavior like I am observing: Solving the ext3 latency problem Additional Information Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) Kernel: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 Primary application disk is fiber-channel SAN: lspci | grep -i fibre 14:00.0 Fibre Channel: Emulex Corporation Saturn-X: LightPulse Fibre Channel Host Adapter (rev 03) Mount info: type vxfs (rw,tmplog,largefiles,mincache=tmpcache,ioerror=mwdisable) 0 0 cat /sys/block/VxVM123456/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory [deadline] cfq

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  • Filtering serial port io

    - by mr odus
    I am currently working on a project where I communicate with hardware via a com port on its respective pc(win xp or 7) It is a fairly large project and sifting through the log file can be a bit of pain. This is my current setup. I use putty to do the actual serial communication, and write it to a log file. Then using MinGW Msys I filter it using tail -f "puttyLog" | grep -i "search term" Is there a better way to do this? I mean specifically filtering the input in realtime. Not that mine is terrible, but it still involves having to read from a log and sometimes there have been hangups where it will be delayed for a minute or 2. I have used software in the past with a main io window and then internal filter panels, but can no longer remember or find it.

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  • Network interface selection

    - by Antonino
    Hello. Suppose I have more than a network interfaces and I want to selectively use them per application. eth0 is the standard interface with the standard gateway in the main routing table eth1 is another interface with a different gateway. Suppose I launch an application as a user "user_eth1". I used the following set of rules for iptables / ip rules. IPTABLES: iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m user --uid-owner user_eth1 -j MARK --set-mark 100 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m user -uid-owner -o eth1 user_eth1 -j SNAT --to-source <eth_ipaddress> IPRULE: ip rule add fwmark 100 lookup table100 and i build "table100" as follows (no doubts on that) ip route show table main | grep -Ev ^default | while read ROUTE; do ip route add table table100 $ROUTE; done ip route add default via <default_gateway> table table100 It doesn't work at all. What's wrong with this? Thank you in advance!

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  • Can't start a service (sudo) remotely from script and keep it running

    - by Greg Bernhardt
    I have a service (tomcat) that needs sudo to be started. I made a simple script on the remote server in /root/bin/test.sh #!/bin/sh sudo service tomcat start read (The script needs to do other stuff too, just pared down for simplicity). When I run a it directly on the remote server, tomcat starts and continues running on the server after I disconnect. When I run it remotely, the process starts, (I can see it when paused for the "read"), but once the script ends, it's gone. (while paused for the read, run this command locally) ps -ef | grep tomcat I've tried various combinations of nohup, screen, and & on the commands both on the local machine and in the remote machine's test.sh script, but I can't seem to get it working. ssh -t [email protected] "/root/bin/test.sh" ssh -t [email protected] "nohup /root/bin/test.sh" ssh -t [email protected] "nohup /root/bin/test.sh &" ssh -t [email protected] "screen /root/bin/test.sh &"

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  • uninstall mysql on linux with plesk

    - by Arsenal
    I'm having trouble uninstalling linux on my centOS 4 that has plesk. I'm actually trying to upgrade my Mysql 4.1 version to Mysql 5.0 using the following command: yum update mysql I get an error list of conflicted files however. When I try to remove mysql 4.1 and perform a clean install but when I use yum remove mysql* It deletes all of its dependencies and appearantly some of these are files needed by plesk, which causes my plesk to stop working. A did a full restore and everything is okay now, but how can I remove mysql without ruining plesk? I have also tried: rpm -qa | grep mysql to get a list of all files and remove them one by one, but there's a duplicate in that list, so I can't delete those (because it says it doesn't know which one to take). Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • How do you determine the OWNER of an Oracle Database

    - by Kwang Mark Eleven
    When you install an Oracle database in a Unix server, the Unix user id you use for the installation becomes the OWNER of the database. What is the most reliable and general way of determining in a shell script which Unix user is the owner of an Oracle installation? I mean, can you perform a grep on a file created by the installation to find this information or shall I resort to use the ls command on a specific file on a specific directory. If the name of the file to be checked is also variable, I would need to have a way of determining the name and path to the file. Thanks in advance for your time

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  • How can I use fetchmail (or another email grabber) with OSX keychain for authentication?

    - by bias
    Every fetchmail tutorial I've read says putting your email account password clear-text in a config file is safe. However, I prefer security through layers (since, if my terminal is up and someone suspecting such email foolery slides over and simply types "grep -i pass ~/.*" then, oops, all my base are belong to them!). Now, with msmtp (as opposed to sendmail) I can authenticate using the OSX keychain. Is there an email 'grabber' that lets me use Keychains (specifically the OSX keychain) or at least, that lets me MD5 the password? This is a duplicate of my unanswered question on serverfault. I've put it on superuser because I'm doing this on a personal computer (viz. with OSX) so it's more of a superuser question.

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  • Retrieve malicious IP addresses from Apache logs and block them with iptables

    - by Gabriel Talavera
    Im trying to keep away some attackers that try to exploit XSS vulnerabilities from my website, I have found that most of the malicious attempts start with a classic "alert(document.cookie);\" test. The site is not vulnerable to XSS but I want to block the offending IP addresses before they found a real vulnerability, also, to keep the logs clean. My first thought is to have a script constantly checking in the Apache logs all IP addresses that start with that probe and send those addresses to an iptables drop rule. With something like this: cat /var/log/httpd/-access_log | grep "alert(document.cookie);" | awk '{print $1}' | uniq Why would be an effective way to send the output of that command to iptables? Thanks in advance for any input!

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  • New users' directories owned by root

    - by dotancohen
    On a CentOS server running Plesk, new users are added for each new domain. The users' home directories are in /var/www/vhosts/. New users' home directories are owned by root, and need to have an admin with root access come in and chown them: dotan@sh2:~$ echo $HOME /var/www/vhosts/someDomain.com dotan@sh2:~$ pwd /var/www/vhosts/someDomain.com dotan@sh2:~$ touch testFile touch: cannot touch `testFile': Permission denied dotan@sh2:~$ ls -la ../ | grep someDomain drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2012-08-07 19:47 someDomain.com dotan@sh2:~$ whoami dotan dotan@sh2:~$ chown dotan /var/www/vhosts/someDomain.com chown: changing ownership of `/var/www/vhosts/someDomain.com': Operation not permitted dotan@sh2:~$ Why might the new users' directories be owned by root, and how might we fix this? Thanks.

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  • Git can no longer open emacs as its editor

    - by mwilliams
    I'm running Git version 1.7.3.2 that I built from source, zsh is my shell, and emacs is my editor. Recently I started seeing the following: /usr/local/Cellar/git/1.7.3.2/libexec/git-core/git-sh-setup: line 106: emacs: command not found Could not execute editor My zshrc looks like the following so I can use the Cocoa build and the console binary provided with it. EMACS_HOME="/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS" function e() { PATH=$EMACS_HOME/bin:$PATH $EMACS_HOME/Emacs -nw $@ } function ec() { PATH=$EMACS_HOME/bin:$PATH emacsclient -t $@ } function es() { e --daemon=$1 && ec -s $1 } function el() { ps ax|grep Emacs } function ek() { $EMACS_HOME/bin/emacsclient -e '(kill-emacs)' -s $1 } function ecompile() { e -eval "(setq load-path (cons (expand-file-name \".\") load-path))" \ -batch -f batch-byte-compile $@ } alias emacs=e alias emacsclient=ec And I also have export EDITOR="emacs" and have tried adding export GIT_EDITOR="emacs" (and swapping that out with "e") But whatever I try I can't get git to open emacs whenever I need to do a commit or an interactive rebase, etc etc...

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  • How to stop nginx on Mac OS 10.6.3

    - by Alex Kaushovik
    I've installed nginx server on my Mac from MacPorts: sudo port install nginx. Then I followed the recommendation from the port installation console and created the launchd startup item for nginx, then started the server. It works fine (after I renamed nginx.conf.example to nginx.conf and renamed mime.types.example to mime.types), but I couldn't stop it... I tried sudo nginx -s stop - this doesn't stop the server, I can still see "Welcome to nginx!" page in my browser on http://localhost, also I still see master and worker processes of nginx with ps -e | grep nginx. What is the best way to start/stop nginx on Mac? BTW, I've added "daemon off;" into nginx.conf - as recommended by various resources. Thank you.

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  • How to stop nginx on Mac OS X

    - by Alex Kaushovik
    I've installed nginx server on my Mac from MacPorts: sudo port install nginx. Then I followed the recommendation from the port installation console and created the launchd startup item for nginx, then started the server. It works fine (after I renamed nginx.conf.example to nginx.conf and renamed mime.types.example to mime.types), but I couldn't stop it... I tried sudo nginx -s stop - this doesn't stop the server, I can still see "Welcome to nginx!" page in my browser on http://localhost/, also I still see master and worker processes of nginx with ps -e | grep nginx. What is the best way to start/stop nginx on Mac? BTW, I've added "daemon off;" into nginx.conf - as recommended by various resources. Thank you.

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  • How to watch for count of new lines in tail

    - by fl00r
    I want to do something like this: watch tail -f | wc -l #=> 43 #=> 56 #=> 61 #=> 44 #=> ... It counts new lines of tail each second / Linux, CentOs To be more clear. I have got something like this: tail -f /var/log/my_process/*.log | grep error I am reading some error messages. And now I want to count them. How many ~ errors I have got in a second. So one line in a log is one error in a proccess.

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  • NFS compound failed for server foosrv: error 7 (RPC: Authentication error)

    - by automatthias
    I'm setting up an Ubuntu NFS server with a Solaris 10 client. The basic configuration looks okay to me, and it was also working for some time. I'm getting an "RPC: Authentication error" message on the client. server /etc/exports: /export/opencsw-future 192.168.3.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async) /export/opencsw-current 192.168.3.0/24(rw,nohide,insecure,no_subtree_check,async) $ ls -ld /export/opencsw-current drwxr-xr-x 7 maciej maciej 4096 2012-02-05 14:55 /export/opencsw-current client $ grep opencsw /etc/vfstab foosrv:/opencsw-current - /export/opencsw-current nfs - yes - $ sudo mount /export/opencsw-current NFS compound failed for server foosrv: error 7 (RPC: Authentication error) (...repeated...) nfs mount: mount: /export/opencsw-current: Permission denied My server host name resolves to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

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  • Asterisk: forward if peer unreachable

    - by Cedric H.
    I would like to respond to incoming calls by checking is a specific peer is reachable, and dial the appropriate number accordingly. Presently I did this: exten => 1200,1,Answer() same => n,Set(reachable=${SHELL(asterisk -rx "sip show peers" | grep ^cedrich-phone.*OK)}) same => n,GotoIf($["${LEN(${reachable})}" = "0"]?extoffline) same => n,Dial(SIP/cedrich-phone,20) same => n(extoffline),Dial(SIP/another-phone,20,tr) same => n,Hangup() Could you tell me if this is acceptable and if it can be improved ?

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  • Why is process not being displayed by TOP

    - by drN
    I am running a Mathematica script (this question probably doesn't fit in Mathematica.SE however) and I know that it generally takes up a lot of RAM and loads up my cores. However, althought pgrep MathKernel is showing a pid, I find that top doesn't show this in the top processes, although I notice that it is taking up about 2.25GB of the 8GB available to me. pmap -x my_process_id total kB 2243132 1907404 1892108 AND ps aux | grep MathKernel dnaneet 20837 12.6 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4/SystemFiles/Kernel/Binaries/Linux-x86-64/MathKernel -runfirst $TopDirectory="/share/apps/mathematica/8.0.4" -script ./dcm_10micrometer_2x -- ./dcm_10micrometer_2x ps aux shows that the process is taking about 12% (In asterisks) dnaneet 20601 0.0 0.0 68264 1660 pts/1 Ss 09:15 0:00 -bash **dnaneet 20837 12.2 23.3 2234944 1907404 pts/1 Sl 09:23 8:01 /share/apps/mat** dnaneet 21922 0.0 0.0 65604 948 pts/1 R+ 10:29 0:00 ps -aux Did this process fail and is the MathKernel just lingering?

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  • /proc/pid/environ missing variables

    - by Josh Arenberg
    google is giving no love on this one today, so I turn to the experts... I'm currently hacking together a script that relies on the /proc/pid/environ feature in Linux (RHEL 4) to check for a particular environment variable. Trouble is, it seems certain environment variables aren't showing up in there for some reason. Example: create some test vars: $ export T_1=testval TEST_1=testval T=testval TESTING_LONGEST=testval open a subshell: $bash $ cat /proc/self/environ|tr "\0" "\n"|grep testval TESTVARIABLE_LONGEST=testval T=testval hmm... where did T_1 and TEST_1 go?? what rules govern this strange universe? Thanks in advance, Josh

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  • postgresql 9.1 Multiple Cluster on same host

    - by user1272305
    I have 2 cluster databases, running on the same host, Ubuntu. My fist database port is set to default but my second database port is set to 5433 in the postgresql.conf file. While everything is ok with local connections, I cannot connect using any of my tools to the second database with port 5433, including pgAdmin. Please help. Any parameter that I need to modify for the new database with port 5433? netstat -an | grep 5433 shows, tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5433 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::5433 :::* LISTEN unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 72842 /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5433 iptables -L shows, Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • Centos + CPanel results in php always running as fgci, instead of cli, as expected

    - by quamis
    I'm having problems with a server configured by someone else. It uses CPanel, and it has Apache+PHP. For some reason, when running php -v as a user, i get "cli" as handler # php -v | head -n 1 PHP 5.3.27 (cli) (built: Oct 15 2013 16:06:48) If a make a PHP script with echo shell_exec("php -v | tail -n 1"), i get PHP 5.3.27 (cgi-fcgi) (built: Oct 15 2013 16:22:16) Why the cli/fcgi difference? I need to fix this so that scripts ran by the apache user would be running as "cli", not "fcgi". As a side-note, i'm not sure how php got installed, because in the package list i see another version installed, instead of the pne reported by php -v # rpm -qa | grep php [.... other packages...] cpanel-php53-5.3.17-5.cp1136.x86_64 rebuild_phpconf --current: /usr/local/cpanel/bin/rebuild_phpconf --current Available handlers: suphp dso fcgi cgi none DEFAULT PHP: 5 PHP4 SAPI: none PHP5 SAPI: dso SUEXEC: enabled RUID2: not installed redhat-release: # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.4 (Final) possibly related to http://superuser.com/questions/665809/centos-6-4-running-php-for-root-as-cgi-fcgi-not-cli

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  • Cant access EC2 hosted website

    - by Himanshu Page
    For some reason, I am unable to access our website www.doccaster.com (Bad request nginx). We are hosted on amazon EC2 with elastic ip associated to it. The weird part is a) I can access it through the public dns url http://ec2-184-73-195-180.compute-1.amazonaws.com b) My co founder who is located in another city can access it via www.doccaster.com. I observed that my instance was failing reachability check, so I launched a new one and assigned it the the elastic ip. I tried to ping the ip address 184.73.195.180 from my machine but no success. Any help will be really appreciated. More details I ran the following command on my server netstat -lntp | grep -E 'apache|httpd' and it displays :::80 for httpd . Is this accurate ? Should it be 0:0:0:80 ? or doesnt matter?

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