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• How to route to a secondary interface on the same physical ethernet?

  - by sjose3612611

  INTERNET<->(wan)BRIDGED_DEVICE(lan)<->ETH_ROUTER<->LAN Problem: Need to access web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE's LAN from INTERNET via ROUTER (BRIDGED_DEVICE's web server cannot be accessed form INTERNET since it has no Public management IP). Cannot configure bridged device. It has a static IP on its LAN to which its web server binds. Attempt: Create a secondary/alias WAN Interface on ETH_ROUTER (e.g Primary: eth0.1 (for internet access) and Secondary: eth0.2 (for accessing web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE), (No VLANs). eth0.1 has a public IP; eth0.2 has a static private IP in the BRIDGED_DEVICE's subnet (e.g 10.0.X.Y). Iptables on ETH_ROUTER: Added a port forward (DNAT) from eth0.1 to eth0.2: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -i eth0.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.X.Y iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o eth0.2 -s 10.0.X.0/24 -j MASQUERADE Stateful firewall w/ overall drop policy on FORWARD chain, hence: iptables -I FORWARD -i eth0.1 -d 10.0.X.Y -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can ping from ETH_ROUTER to BRIDGED_DEVICE but unable to reach the web server from Internet. I see packet cont increasing for the DNAT rule but not sure where it disappears in the ETH_ROUTER after that. ETH_ROUTER is the only device that can be configured to achieve this. If familiar with this scenario, please suggest what I may be missing or doing wrong here or suggest techniques to debug?

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• How to place SuperFetch cache on an SSD?

  - by Ian Boyd

  I'm thinking of adding a solid state drive (SSD) to my existing Windows 7 installation. I know I can (and should) move my paging file to the SSD: Should the pagefile be placed on SSDs? Yes. Most pagefile operations are small random reads or larger sequential writes, both of which are types of operations that SSDs handle well. In looking at telemetry data from thousands of traces and focusing on pagefile reads and writes, we find that Pagefile.sys reads outnumber pagefile.sys writes by about 40 to 1, Pagefile.sys read sizes are typically quite small, with 67% less than or equal to 4 KB, and 88% less than 16 KB. Pagefile.sys writes are relatively large, with 62% greater than or equal to 128 KB and 45% being exactly 1 MB in size. In fact, given typical pagefile reference patterns and the favorable performance characteristics SSDs have on those patterns, there are few files better than the pagefile to place on an SSD. What I don't know is if I even can put a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost cache) on the solid state drive. I want to get the benefit of Windows being able to cache gigabytes of frequently accessed data on a relativly small (e.g. 30GB) solid state drive. This is exactly what SuperFetch+ReadyBoost (or SuperFetch+ReadyDrive) was designed for. Will Windows offer (or let) me place a ReadyBoost cache on a solid state flash drive connected via SATA? A problem with the ReadyBoost cache over the ReadyDrive cache is that the ReadyBoost cache does not survive between reboots. The cache is encrypted with a per-session key, making its existing contents unusable during boot and SuperFetch pre-fetching during login. Update One I know that Windows Vista limited you to only one ReadyBoost.sfcache file (I do not know if Windows 7 removed that limitation): Q: Can use use multiple devices for EMDs? A: Nope. We've limited Vista to one ReadyBoost per machine Q: Why just one device? A: Time and quality. Since this is the first revision of the feature, we decided to focus on making the single device exceptional, without the difficulties of managing multiple caches. We like the idea, though, and it's under consideration for future versions. I also know that the 4GB limit on the cache file was a limitation of the FAT filesystem used on most USB sticks - an SSD drive would be formatted with NTFS: Q: What's the largest amount of flash that I can use for ReadyBoost? A: You can use up to 4GB of flash for ReadyBoost (which turns out to be 8GB of cache w/ the compression) Q: Why can't I use more than 4GB of flash? A: The FAT32 filesystem limits our ReadyBoost.sfcache file to 4GB Can a ReadyBoost cache on an NTFS volume be larger than 4GB? Update Two The ReadyBoost cache is encrypted with a per-boot session key. This means that the cache has to be re-built after each boot, and cannot be used to help speed boot times, or latency from login to usable. Windows ReadyDrive technology takes advantage of non-volatile (NV) memory (i.e. flash) that is incorporated with some hybrid hard drives. This flash cache can be used to help Windows boot, or resume from hibernate faster. Will Windows 7 use an internal SSD drive as a ReadyBoost/*ReadyDrive*/SuperFetch cache? Is it possible to make Windows store a SuperFetch cache (i.e. ReadyBoost) on a non-removable SSD? Is it possible to not encrypt the ReadyBoost cache, and if so will Windows 7 use the cache at boot time? See also SuperUser.com: ReadyBoost + SSD = ? Windows 7 - ReadyBoost & SSD drives? Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives Using SDD as a cache for HDD, is there a solution? Performance increase using SSD for paging/fetch/cache or ReadyBoost? (Win7) Windows 7 To Boost SSD Performance How to Disable Nonvolatile Caching

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• Monitoring multiple sites on a single server using OpsView

  - by Kev

  We have several web servers. On each of these servers there can be ~250 web sites. I need to add a HTTP check for each site on each server. Each site has a reserved host header that we know can always be resolved in the format of: w10000.hostchecks.mycompany.com w10020.hostchecks.mycompany.com w11992.hostchecks.mycompany.com ..and so on.. What I want is for there to be a master ping check on the web server's main IP address and then separate HTTP checks for each of the sites on the server. If the master ping test fails then I want the HTTP tests to cease until the master ping check goes OK. I had a stab at this and tried do the following: Create a parent host that does a ping check on the server's main ip address (e.g. server is named WEB0001). For each of the sites that reside on WEB0001: Create a separate Host with a Primary Hostname of wXXXXX.hostchecks.mycompany.com Make WEB0001 the parent host Add a monitor (HTTP check to a special url that is mapped into each site using a virtual directory: H- $HOSTADDRESS$ -u /__hostcheck/IsAlive.aspx -w 5 -c 10 -p 80 However I find that if I down the parent server (WEB0001) the http checks seem to continue. Am I going about this completely the wrong way?

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• warning: dict_ldap_lookup: Search error 1: Operations error

  - by drecute

  Please I need help with ldap search filter to use to retrieve the user email information from ldap. I'm running postfix_ldap of Ubuntu server 12.04. Everything seems to work fine, except getting the values returned from the search. Version 1 server_host = ldap://samba.example.com search_base = dc=company, dc=example, dc=com query_filter = mail=%s bind = no domain = example.com Version 2 server_host = ldap://samba.example.com search_base = dc=company, dc=example, dc=com query_filter = mail=%s bind_dn = cn=Users,dc=company,dc=example,dc=com domain = example.com mail logs Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: match_string: example.com ~? example.com Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: dict_ldap_lookup: No existing connection for LDAP source /etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf, reopening Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: dict_ldap_connect: Connecting to server ldap://samba.example.com Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: dict_ldap_connect: Actual Protocol version used is 3. Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: dict_ldap_connect: Binding to server ldap://samba.example.com with dn cn=Users,dc=company,dc=example,dc=com Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: warning: dict_ldap_connect: Unable to bind to server ldap://samba.example.com with dn cn=Users,dc=company,dc=example,dc=com: 49 (Invalid credentials) Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: warning: ldap:/etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf lookup error for "[email protected]" Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: maps_find: virtual_alias_maps: [email protected]: search aborted Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: mail_addr_find: [email protected] -> (try again) Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from col0-omc3-s2.col0.hotmail.com[65.55.34.140]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<col0-omc3-s2.col0.hotmail.com> Nov 26 11:13:26 mail postfix/smtpd[19662]: > col0-omc3-s2.col0.hotmail.com[65.55.34.140]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure here's another log with successful search result but fialed to get the values of the result Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: Using existing connection for LDAP source /etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: /etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf: Searching with filter [email protected] Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_get_values[1]: Search found 1 match(es) Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_get_values[1]: Leaving dict_ldap_get_values Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: Search returned nothing Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: maps_find: virtual_alias_maps: [email protected]: not found Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: In dict_ldap_lookup Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: /etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf: Skipping lookup of key 'tola.akintola': domain mismatch Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: maps_find: virtual_alias_maps: tola.akintola: not found Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: In dict_ldap_lookup Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: dict_ldap_lookup: /etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf: Skipping lookup of key '@example.com': domain mismatch Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: maps_find: virtual_alias_maps: @example.com: not found Nov 26 12:04:56 mail postfix/smtpd[20463]: mail_addr_find: [email protected] -> (not found) My refined ldap-aliases.cf looks like this: server_host = ldap://samba.example.com server_port = 3268 search_base = dc=company, dc=example, dc=com query_filter = mail=%s result_attribute = uid bind_dn = cn=Administrator,cn=Users,dc=company,dc=example,dc=com bind_pw = pass domain = example.com So I'll like to know what ldap filter is appropriate to get this to work. Thanks for helping out.

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• Exchange 2010 Hub cannot deliver to Exchange 2007 Hub - "451 5.7.3 Cannot achieve Exchange Server authentication"

  - by Graeme Donaldson

  We have an existing Exchange 2007 server in Site A (exch07). I've installed an Exchange 2010 server in Site B (exch10). Both servers have the CAS, Mailbox and Hub roles. Messages sent via SMTP on exch10 which are destined for mailboxes on exch07 are queued with the "Last Error" reported in Queue Viewer as '451 4.4.0 Primary target IP address responded with: "451 5.7.3 Cannot achieve Exchange Server authentication." Attempted failover to alternate host, but that did not succeed. Either there are no alternate hosts, or delivery failed to all alternate hosts.' I've found that some people have resolved this by creating new Receive Connectors which are scoped specifically to apply to connections from the remote hub/s, but I have had no luck doing this. Specifically I created new receive connectors on both servers with the following settings: Remote IP = IP/s of remote server Authentication = "Transport Layer Security (TLS)" and "Exchange Server authentication" Permission Groups = "Exchange servers" and "Legacy Exchange Servers" This made no difference, I see the same error message. What am I missing? Update: We noticed that the Application log had this error message from MSExchangeTransportService: Microsoft Exchange could not find a certificate that contains the domain name exch07.domain.local in the personal store on the local computer. Therefore, it is unable to support the STARTTLS SMTP verb for the connector exch10 with a FQDN parameter of exch07.domain.local. If the connector's FQDN is not specified, the computer's FQDN is used. Verify the connector configuration and the installed certificates to make sure that there is a certificate with a domain name for that FQDN. If this certificate exists, run Enable-ExchangeCertificate -Services SMTP to make sure that the Microsoft Exchange Transport service has access to the certificate key. It turns out that the default self-signed certificate was no longer enabled for the SMTP service for some reason. After enabling the self-signed certificate for SMTP, we no longer get the error in the event logs, but delivery is still failing with the same error message. Update 2: I put a mailbox on exch10 and attempted to deliver a message via SMTP on exch07 and I get the same error.

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• Why do most songs in my media collection play twice? - Corrupt media?

  - by Dean

  Problem: Whether I'm playing the media with Rhythmbox on Ubuntu, Winamp on Windows, or my Nokia N95's media player, most of my audio files (OK, maybe only 40%) play twice. Info: I have a 500GB external 2.5" WD HDD, with a 150GB primary FAT32 partition labeled MUSIC. Inside this, I have about 500 folders containing about 10,000 MP3/WMA/M4A/WAV files. I manage the drive using Ubuntu 9.10, and frequently copy data to/from it using RSYNC, or on windows, TotalCopy. The visual output is different in each media player, but it behaves as if the 1 MP3 has the same song on it twice, and as soon as it ends it begins again. Winamp shows that the song goes for 2x as long as it should, The N95's media player shows the progress bar off the right-hand-side of the screen when it begins playing (then jumps back to the left, then continues along...). Rhythmbox doesn't show me how long the song is, nor does the progress bar move along the screen. Plea: It seams to me somewhere along the lines my collection has become corrupt... but where? And how? and please someone tell me I can fix it!! TIA, Dean.

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• Building a PC, advice on SSD/Hybrid Hard Drives

  - by Jamie Hartnoll

  I am looking at building a new PC, it's mainly for office (graphics heavy) use and programming. Looking for good performance with opening and closing programs and files as well as a fast boot. I plan to have 3 primary hard drives Windows 7 Programs (photoshop etc) Current Files (There'll also be a large storage capacity back up drive, but this will be the Seagate drive I already have.) So, my question is, looking at standard "old fashioned" hard drives and SSD drives, obviously there's a massive price difference. I have been looking at drives like this: http://www.ebuyer.com/268693-corsair-120gb-force-3-ssd-cssd-f120gb3-bk-cssd-f120gb3-bk and this: http://www.ebuyer.com/321969-momentus-xt-750gb-sata-2-5in-7200rpm-hybrid-8gb-ssd-in-st750lx003 Having no experience of using either I don't know what's the most efficient thing to go for. Clearly the SSD will have better performance, but: If, for example, I had an SSD for Windows (say about 100gB), that would clearly give me the boot speed I want, then I guess my real questions are: If I were to buy one more SSD, would it give the greatest improvement on standard performance if used to store programs, or currently used files? Given that the OS is on an SSD, should I not bother with the 3 drives and instead, partition that Hybrid drive to store programs and currently used files on it? Obviously, option two is cheaper and option one could cause me storage issues, but that's when I can dump files I am not currently using onto another drive. Any, I am open to suggestions... so what do you suggest?!

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• Windows 8.1 - Won't boot (0xc000000f), bcdedit fails

  - by user3014097

  I’m pretty much stuck at this point. So, backstory: Windows was installed on one of the SSDs currently in my tower. I bought a new SSD to install Windows (8.1 64 bit) on. Windows installation went fine, booted up, and formatted the old SSD from within Windows (this seems to have been a mistake, but I didn’t realize that at the time). Despite formatting the old SSD, whenever I tried to boot I was told that there were 2 Windows installations. Apparently, when I formatted the old drive, not all of the partitions were removed. So, I booted up with the repair utility, went into cmd, and deleted the non-primary partitions on the old SSD (there were 2 – think they were system and recovery, although I’m forgetting now). Reboot – computer won’t boot. Getting the 0xc000000f “The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible” error. Troubleshooting so far: Automatic repair doesn’t fix anything (I’ve never had luck with it though) If I go to install a new version of Windows, the drives and partitions are all there. The SSD is functioning, I at least know that. I’ve essentially gone through this guide: https://neosmart.net/wiki/recovering-windows-bootloader/ Unfortunately, I’m not getting anywhere. I’m not even entirely sure how to describe the errors I’m getting, so I’ve just included pictures of every step (I can't actually post them though so I just included a photobucket link). http://s319.photobucket.com/user/DGalt11/library/Computer%20Issue Am I completely screwed here (i.e. reformat and reinstall?)? Thanks

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• How to troubleshoot a PHP script that causes a Segmenation Fault?

  - by johnlai2004

  I posted this on stackoverflow.com as well because I'm not sure if this is a programming problem or a server problem. I'm using ubuntu 9.10, apache2, mysql5 and php5. I've noticed an unusual problem with some of my php programs. Sometimes when visiting a page like profile.edit.php, the browser throws a dialogue box asking to download profile.edit.php page. When I download it, there's nothing in the file. profile.edit.php is supposed to be a web form that edits user information. I've noticed this on some of my other php pages as well. I look in my apache error logs, and I see a segmentation fault message: [Mon Mar 08 15:40:10 2010] [notice] child pid 480 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) And also, the issue may or may not appear depending on which server I deploy my application too. Additonal Details This doesn't happen all the time though. It only happens sometimes. For example, profile.edit.php will load properly. But as soon as I hit the save button (form action="profile.edit.php?save=true"), then the page asks me to download profile.edit.php. Could it be that sometimes my php scripts consume too much resources? Sample code Upon save action, my profile.edit.php includes a data_access_object.php file. I traced the code in data_access_object.php to this line here if($params[$this->primaryKey]) { $q = "UPDATE $this->tableName SET ".implode(', ', $fields)." WHERE ".$this->primaryKey." = ?$this->primaryKey"; $this->bind($this->primaryKey, $params[$this->primaryKey], $this->tblFields[$this->primaryKey]['mysqlitype']); } else { $q = "INSERT $this->tableName SET ".implode(', ', $fields); } // Code executes perfectly up to this point // echo 'print this'; exit; // if i uncomment this line, profile.edit.php will actually show 'print this'. If I leave it commented, the browser will ask me to download profile.edit.php if(!$this->execute($q)){ $this->errorSave = -3; return false;} // When I jumped into the function execute(), every line executed as expected, right up to the return statement. And if it helps, here's the function execute($sql) in data_access_object.php function execute($sql) { // find all list types and explode them // eg. turn ?listId into ?listId0,?listId1,?listId2 $arrListParam = array_bubble_up('arrayName', $this->arrBind); foreach($arrListParam as $listName) if($listName) { $explodeParam = array(); $arrList = $this->arrBind[$listName]['value']; foreach($arrList as $key=>$val) { $newParamName = $listName.$key; $this->bind($newParamName,$val,$this->arrBind[$listName]['type']); $explodeParam[] = '?'.$newParamName; } $sql = str_replace("?$listName", implode(',',$explodeParam), $sql); } // replace all ?varName with ? for syntax compliance $sqlParsed = preg_replace('/\?[\w\d_\.]+/', '?', $sql); $this->stmt->prepare($sqlParsed); // grab all the parameters from the sql to create bind conditions preg_match_all('/\?[\w\d_\.]+/', $sql, $matches); $matches = $matches[0]; // store bind conditions $types = ''; $params = array(); foreach($matches as $paramName) { $types .= $this->arrBind[str_replace('?', '', $paramName)]['type']; $params[] = $this->arrBind[str_replace('?', '', $paramName)]['value']; } $input = array('types'=>$types) + $params; // bind it if(!empty($types)) call_user_func_array(array($this->stmt, 'bind_param'), $input); $stat = $this->stmt->execute(); if($GLOBALS['DEBUG_SQL']) echo '<p style="font-weight:bold;">SQL error after execution:</p> ' . $this->stmt->error.'<p>&nbsp;</p>'; $this->arrBind = array(); return $stat; }

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• Ubuntu second static IP, ifconfig, /etc/network/interfaces

  - by Schmoove

  I would like to add a second static IP to my local Ubuntu 11.10 desktop machine and have it automatically available after rebooting. So far I am successfully using ifconfig to to temporarily set up an alias for my primary network interface: # ifconfig eth1:0 192.168.178.3 up # ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:60:00:ef:a3:d9 inet addr:192.168.178.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ca60:ff:feef:a3d9/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:61929 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:64034 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:45330863 (45.3 MB) TX bytes:28175192 (28.1 MB) Interrupt:42 Base address:0x4000 eth1:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr c8:60:00:ef:a3:d9 inet addr:192.168.178.3 Bcast:192.168.178.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:42 Base address:0x4000 However, when I add the following to /etc/network/interfaces, the alias is not up and running as expected after a reboot: # vi /etc/network/interfaces auto eth1:0 iface eth1:0 inet static address 192.168.178.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 I would like to know what to configure to get this to work. As a side note, I am running gnome shell.

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• emails not sending from CentOS 5.6 VM on Win7 via PHP code

  - by crmpicco

  I am experiencing an issue where my CentOS 5.6 (Final) VM running on Windows 7 has stopped sending emails from my PHP code. I'm confident this isn't a coding issue as I have the exact same code running in my office and emails send correctly from there, hence why I believe this to be a networking/configuration issue. In my /etc/hosts/ file on my VM I have the following: 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.0.9 crmpicco.co.uk m.crmpicco.co.uk dev53.localdomain When I run setup on my VM the DNS configuration is set to dev53.localdomain and my Primary DNS is 192.168.0.1. In My /var/log/maillog files I see a lot of this sort of thing: Nov 19 14:36:58 dev53 sendmail[21696]: qAJEawI7021696: from=<[email protected]>, size=12858, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<1353335817.9103820024efb30b451d006dc4ab3370@PHPMAILSERVER>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA, relay=localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1] Nov 19 14:36:58 dev53 sendmail[21693]: qAJEawvd021693: [email protected], [email protected] (48/48), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=42681, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (qAJEawI7021696 Message accepted for delivery) Nov 19 14:36:59 dev53 sendmail[21698]: qAJEawI7021696: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=132858, relay=mailserver.fletcher.co.uk. [213.171.216.114], dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable Is this likely to be a configuration issue?

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• Campus VLAN Segmentation - By OS?

  - by Moduspwnens

  We've been thinking through re-arranging our network and VLAN configuration. Here's the situation. We already have our servers, VoIP phones, and printers on their own VLANs, but our problem lies with end user devices. There are just too many to lump on the same VLAN without being hammered with broadcasts! Our current segmentation strategy has them split into VLANs like this: Student iPads Staff iPads Student Macbooks Staff Macbooks Gaming devices Staff (Other) Student (Other) *Note that our network has many more iPads and MacBooks than most. Since the primary reason we're splitting them is just to put them in smaller groups, this has been working for us (for the most part). However, this required our staff to maintain access control lists (MAC addresses) of all devices belonging in these groups. It also has the unfortunate side effect of illogically grouping broadcast traffic. For example, using this setup, students on opposite ends of campus using iPads will share broadcasts, but two devices belonging to the same user (in the same room) will likely be on completely separate VLANs. I feel like there must be a better way of doing this. I've done a lot of research and I'm having trouble finding instances of this kind of segmentation being recommended. The feedback on the most relevant SO question seems to point toward VLAN segmentation by building/physical location. I feel like that makes sense because logically, at least among miscellaneous end users, broadcasts will typically be intended for nearby devices. Are there other campuses/large-scale networks out there segmenting VLANs based on end-system OS? Is this a typical configuration? Would VLAN segmentation based on physical location (or some other criteria) be more effective? EDIT: I've been told that we will soon be able to dynamically determine device OS without maintaining access lists, although I'm not sure how much that affects the answers to the questions.

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• Issues with creating a snapshot

  - by Andy Welcomer

  Hello everyone, We have a strange issue when attempting to create a snapshot in one of our regional environments. We have 4 VMs, 2 of them have mulitple VMDKs spread onto different datastores. When a snapshot is created, all the VMDKs (except for the first), seem to vanish. If you look at the properties of the VM, the path to the VMDKS points to the datastore where the primary VMDK is, and the file name is some random garbage. If the snapshot is deleted everything returns to normal. Has anyone ever seen this? I'm using ESX3.5 Thank you in advance. Andy ==============UPDATE============== Here is some more information. I just created a test machine with 7 VMDKs. 1 for the OS. and 6 others for data. All of the VMDKs are in seperate datastores. I take a snapshot of the machine, all of the 6 VMDKs loose their reference to the actual VMDK files. The all point to 64KB VMDK files in the datastore where the OS VMDK is located. These 64KB vmdks didn't exist until the snapshot was taken. When the snapshot is deleted, everything goes back to normal.

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• postgresql deleteing old records from log tables

  - by Max

  I have a postgresql database which stores my radius connection information. What I want to do is only store a months worth of logs. How would I craft a sql statement that I can run from cron that would go and delete and rows that where older then a month? Format of the date in the table. that date is taken from acctstoptime collum Date format 2010-01-27 16:02:17-05 Format of the table in question. -- Table: radacct CREATE TABLE radacct ( radacctid bigserial NOT NULL, acctsessionid character varying(32) NOT NULL, acctuniqueid character varying(32) NOT NULL, username character varying(253), groupname character varying(253), realm character varying(64), nasipaddress inet NOT NULL, nasportid character varying(15), nasporttype character varying(32), acctstarttime timestamp with time zone, acctstoptime timestamp with time zone, acctsessiontime bigint, acctauthentic character varying(32), connectinfo_start character varying(50), connectinfo_stop character varying(50), acctinputoctets bigint, acctoutputoctets bigint, calledstationid character varying(50), callingstationid character varying(50), acctterminatecause character varying(32), servicetype character varying(32), xascendsessionsvrkey character varying(10), framedprotocol character varying(32), framedipaddress inet, acctstartdelay integer, acctstopdelay integer, freesidestatus character varying(32), CONSTRAINT radacct_pkey PRIMARY KEY (radacctid) ) WITH (OIDS=FALSE); ALTER TABLE radacct OWNER TO radius; -- Index: freesidestatus CREATE INDEX freesidestatus ON radacct USING btree (freesidestatus); -- Index: radacct_active_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_active_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (username, nasipaddress, acctsessionid) WHERE acctstoptime IS NULL; -- Index: radacct_start_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_start_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (acctstarttime, username);

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• Cannot browse remote networks even with WINS configured

  - by paradroid

  As the NetBIOS protocol acts on Layer 2 and so is not routable, In order to enable network browsing of remote networks, WINS has been installed and configured on two domain controllers, both of which are on different networks. The WINS servers seem to be replicating with eachother, and each has 127.0.0.1 set as the Primary WINS Server in each of their LAN interface properties, with nothing entered for Secondary WINS Server. The DC which holds the PDC Emulator FSMO role has the Computer Browser service running and set to Auto start, and it has the WINS/NBT node type network setting at 0x8 (H-node - Hybrid node). Remote network browsing does not work. Is the WINS/NBT node type correct for this scenario? The reason why I think it may not be the right one is because I set the DHCP Server's 046 WINS/NBT node type option to 0x8 as well, after which the DHCP clients started to disappear from the Network folders. When that option is not set, does it default to B-node (Broadcast node)? Or could it be a problem with the WINS servers setup?

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• Windows 7 blank dvi screen

  - by user99

  I've just upgraded to Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit. I had an issue during installation; after setup rebooted instead of going to the 'Completing installation' screen I just got a blank screen. I eventually(!) figured out that this meant 'un-plug your second monitor to proceed'. When I did this, installation completed in a snap and everything runs fine. However, whenever I plug my second monitor into my PC, it gets no signal, the the primary monitor removes all windows. icons, the taskbar and the cursor just shows the desktop wallpaper. I'm running a GTS8800 512mb, with the latest drivers (197 IIRC). The monitors are identical, and both plug into DVI sockets on the graphics card, the only difference is I connect one using a straight DVI cable and the other using a VGA cable and a VGA-DVI converter. It's the DVI cabled one that has the issues (if I plug it in by itself it gets no signal). Everything was working fine before I upgraded to Windows 7 (I used to run XPSP2). Anyone have any ideas?

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• Resolve another domain from current AD domain

  - by faulty

  We have 2 AD domain setup in our office. First is the primary domain for our office and exchange. The 2nd one is for development use to simulate production environment of our clients. Both domain are hosted on Windows 2008 R2 Enterprise. We, the development team has no access to the office domain other than login and email purpose. DNS is running on PDC of both domain. Both domain does not use public domain name. Now, our machines are joined to the development domain and we use outlook to access our office's exchange. We've added DNS entries for both the domain. From time to time we are having problem resolving our office domain (i.e. during outlook login), which we need to edit our NIC's DNS to have only DNS server from our office and then flush DNS. After that switch back once it's able to resolve. Is there a permanent solution for this scenario like specifying that the office domain be resolve with another DNS server when requested from the development domain? Thanks

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• AMD Fusion GPU passthrough to KVM or Xen

  - by BigChief

  Has anyone successfully gotten a passthrough working with the GPU portion of AMD's Fusion APUs (the E-350 is my target) on top of a Linux hypervisor? IE, I want to dedicate the GPU to one VM only, excluding all other VMs as well as the host. I know PCI passthrough can work with patches / kernel rebuilds for Xen and KVM. However, since the GPU is on the same chip, I don't know if the host OS will see it as PCI. I know there are a number of tangential issues here, such as: Poor Fusion drivers in Linux at the moment Unsuccessful patching efforts seem common VT-d / IOMMU is required and (from my reading) is supported on the APU, but the motherboard may not offer it KVM doesn't appear to support primary graphics cards, only secondary graphics cards (described here) However, I'd like to hear from anyone who has messed with this, even failed attempts. Fedora + KVM is my preferred virtualization platform but I'm willing to change that if it makes a difference. EDIT: The goal is to do this for a Windows 7 guest (I know it's asking a lot). Regardless, just assume this is HVM, not PV.

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• Home server hard drive: 186k start-stop cycles in 325 days?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I set up a home server about a year ago, using Ubuntu server (10.04 LTS at the moment), four disks in RAID 5 for storage (WD Green 1.5 TB) and a laptop drive for the OS. Today the output of smartctl, a command line utility for checking the SMART attributes of a hard drive, tells me that the primary OS drive has had no less than 186,000 start-stop cycles in 325 days and may be nearing the end of its lifespan. The smartctl output is in "normalized values", in this case a number between 200 and 000, where 200 is "brand new" and 000 means "worn out". My disk gets 001. So I wonder what happened: 186k start/stop cycles in 7820 hours is about one start/stop per 2.5 minutes around the clock. This seems somewhat excessive for a computer that sees actual use once or twice per day. (The RAID disks are normal, averaging to one start/stop per day, as expected.) Does anyone have similar experiences, or pointers to what might be the issue here? Specifically I'd like to know Why the massive start/stop count? Do I have some sort of configuration issue? Could there be a background service that is causing trouble? Could having a laptop disk as the OS drive be part of the problem? Can anyone confirm or deny this? Here is the /etc/hdparm.conf configuration /dev/sda { apm = 127 spindown_time = 120 } and the most relevant parts of smartctl --attributes /dev/sda: smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 185875 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 090 090 000 Old_age Always - 7820 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 109 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 118 118 000 Old_age Always - 246833 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 107 098 000 Old_age Always - 36 As I generally prefer my drives to last more than a year, any advice is appreciated.

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• Connecting 2 different subnet masks

  - by Jonathan

  I'm no network genius, but I have managed to get most things running. I get confused about subnets and gateways though. We have an office server connected to around 20 PC's that all communicate fine. We have just gotten a cutting machine that won't connect to our network. The server has DHCP, but that fails on the cutting machine, so I've been trying to set the IP manually. Server details are as follows: IP: 10.1.1.12 SUBNET: 255.255.255.0 GATEWAY: 10.1.1.1 Internet connection is via the modem which is 10.1.1.1 An office PC is ussually set up through DHCP and has the following settings: IP: 10.1.1.36 SUBNET: 255.255.255.0 GATEWAY: 10.1.1.1 PRIMARY DNS: 10.1.1.12 Cutting Machine computer has 2 network ports. 1 is specifically for the communication between the PC and the cutting machine. It's details must be as follows: IP: 10.100.100.2 SUBNET: 255.255.255.252 GATEWAY: BLANK The other network port need to connect to the server. I was told that the IP and SUBNET need to be as follows: IP: 10.100.100.1 SUBNET: 255.255.255.252 GATEWAY: ?? How can I connect this port to the server and/or the internet. If anyone can offer assistance, it would really be appreaciated.

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• Multiple IP's using one NIC connectivity problem - Windows

  - by Vincent

  I have a frame relay network that is directly connected to a GPRS network. I also have a ADSL high speed network and recently I have been trying to achieve the following network configuration using windows 7 (Also tried XP) with no success to date. On one server I have two NIC's NIC1 I would like the following two static IP address's 10.0.1.110 and 10.0.1.200 the cisco router has a default gateway of 10.0.1.1 the ADSL is DHCP. NIC1 and the cisco router do not have access to the internet. NIC2 is setup for DHCP with a primary DNS and secondary DNS configured to enable internet connectivity. With NIC1 all incoming TCP connections are from IP address's starting with 10.192.x.x I cannot establish a TCP connection to both 10.0.1.110 and 10.0.1.200. Its either one or the other. I have a static route implemented in windows of: route -p 10.192.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.0.1.1 metric 1 I have tried leaving out the gateway in the NIC1 and many other combinations with no success. Can anyone please help? What am I doing wrong?

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• Can't log in using second domain controller when first DC is unreachable

  - by rbeier

  Hi, We're a small web development company. Our domain has two DCs: a main one (BEEHIVE, 192.168.3.20) in the datacenter and a second one (SPHERE2, 10.0.66.19) in the office. The office is connected to the datacenter via a VPN. We recently had a brief network outage in the office. During this outage, we weren't able to access the domain from our office machines. I had hoped that they would fail over to the DC in the office, but that didn't happen. So I'm trying to figure out why. I'm not an expert on Active Directory so maybe I'm missing something obvious. Both domain controllers are running a DNS server. Each office workstation is configured to use the datacenter DC as its primary DNS server, and the office DC as its secondary: DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.3.20 10.0.66.19 Both DNS servers are working, and both domain controllers are working (at least, I can connect to them both using AD Users + Computers). Here are the SRV records that point to the domain controllers (I've changed the domain name but I've left the rest alone): C:\nslookup Default Server: beehive.ourcorp.com Address: 192.168.3.20 set type=srv _ldap._tcp.ourcorp.com Server: beehive.ourcorp.com Address: 192.168.3.20 _ldap._tcp.ourcorp.com SRV service location: priority = 0 weight = 100 port = 389 svr hostname = beehive.ourcorp.com _ldap._tcp.ourcorp.com SRV service location: priority = 0 weight = 100 port = 389 svr hostname = sphere2.ourcorp.com beehive.ourcorp.com internet address = 192.168.3.20 sphere2.ourcorp.com internet address = 10.0.66.19 Does anyone have any ideas? Thanks, Richard

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• Error regarding DNS - "... must be able to resolve names ..." (Windows Server 2008 R2 installation)

  - by Scolytus

  I'm trying to replace our old Windows 2000 Server by a Windows Server 2008 R2. I followed the guide at MSDN. Coming to the step "Install Active Directory Domain Services..." the option to install the DNS-Server was grayed-out. According to Microsoft Support I skipped the DNS Server Installation at this point. (Because of the single-label DNS name) I then installed the DNS-Server role and created a forward-lookup-zone for the domain. When running the Best Practices Analyzer of the DNS-Server role I get these two messages for both domain controllers (the old win2k and the new win 2008 R2): The DNS server [IP address] on [adapter name] must be able to resolve names in the primary DNS domain zone The DNS server [IP address] on [adapter name] must be able to resolve names in the forest root domain name zone The TechCenter articles suggest to use a proper DNS Server - that's pointless when I try to configure a proper DNS Server. How do I configure the DNS Server in a way that it resolves these zones? Or are these errors irrelevant? dcdiag /v /test:DNS Seems to run fine...

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• Bonding: works only for download

  - by Crazy_Bash

  I would like to install bonding with 4 links with mode 4. but only "download/receiving" works with bondig. for transmitting the system chooses one link. ifconfig bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:E2:BA:0F:76:B4 inet addr:ip Bcast:ip Mask:255.255.255.248 inet6 addr: fe80::92e2:baff:fe0f:76b4/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:239187413 errors:0 dropped:10944 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:536902370 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:14688536197 (13.6 GiB) TX bytes:799521192901 (744.6 GiB) eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:E2:BA:0F:76:B4 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54969488 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2537 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3374778591 (3.1 GiB) TX bytes:314290 (306.9 KiB) eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:E2:BA:0F:76:B4 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:64935805 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2532 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3993499746 (3.7 GiB) TX bytes:313968 (306.6 KiB) eth4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:E2:BA:0F:76:B4 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:57352105 errors:0 dropped:2 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:536894778 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3524236530 (3.2 GiB) TX bytes:799520265627 (744.6 GiB) eth5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 90:E2:BA:0F:76:B4 UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:61930025 errors:0 dropped:3 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2540 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3796021948 (3.5 GiB) TX bytes:314274 (306.9 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:62 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:62 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5320 (5.1 KiB) TX bytes:5320 (5.1 KiB) those are my configs: DEVICE="eth2" BOOTPROTO="none" MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" DEVICE="eth3" BOOTPROTO="none" MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" DEVICE="eth4" BOOTPROTO="none" MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" DEVICE="eth5" BOOTPROTO="none" MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes USERCTL=no NM_CONTROLLED="no" ONBOOT="yes" DEVICE=bond0 IPADDR=<ip> BROADCAST=<ip> NETWORK=<ip> GATEWAY=<ip> NETMASK=<ip> USERCTL=no BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0) MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 802.3ad info LACP rate: slow Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable Active Aggregator Info: Aggregator ID: 1 Number of ports: 4 Actor Key: 17 Partner Key: 11 Partner Mac Address: 00:24:51:12:63:00 Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 90:e2:ba:0f:76:b4 Aggregator ID: 1 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth3 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 90:e2:ba:0f:76:b5 Aggregator ID: 1 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth4 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 90:e2:ba:0f:76:b6 Aggregator ID: 1 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth5 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 90:e2:ba:0f:76:b7 Aggregator ID: 1 Slave queue ID: 0 /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf alias bond0 bonding options bond0 mode=4 miimon=100 updelay=200 #downdelay=200 xmit_hash_policy=layer3+4 lacp_rate=1 Linux: Linux 3.0.0+ #1 SMP Fri Oct 26 07:55:47 EEST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux what i've tried: downdelay=200 xmit_hash_policy=layer3+4 lacp_rate=1 mode 6

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