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• What's a good way to check that a player has clicked on an object in a 3D game?

  - by imja

  I'm programming a 3D game (using C++ and OpenGL), and I have a few 3D objects in the scene, we can say they are boxes for this example. I want to let the player click on those boxes to select them (ie. they might change color) with the typical restriction like if more than one box is located where the user clicked, only the one closest to the camera would get selected. What would be the best way to do this? The fact that these objects go through several transforms before getting to window coordinates is what makes this a bit tricky. One approach I thought about was that if the player clicks on the screen, I could normalize the x,y coordinates of mouse click and then transform the bounding box coordinates of the objects into clip-space so that I could compare then to the normalized mouse coordinates. I guess I could then do some sort of ray-box collision test to see if any objects lie as the path of the mouse click. I'm afraid I might be over complicating it. Any better methods out there?

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• OpenGL VBOs are slower then glDrawArrays.

  - by Arelius

  So, this seems odd to me. I upload a large buffer of vertices, then every frame I call glBindbuffer and then the appropriate gl*Pointer functions with offsets into the buffer, then I use glDrawArrays to draw all of my triangles. I'm only drawing about 100K triangles, however I'm getting about 15FPS. This is where it gets weird, if I change it to not call glBindBuffer, then change the gl*Pointer calls to be actual pointers into the array I have in system memory, and then call glDrawArrays the same, my framerate jumps up to about 50FPS. Any idea what I weird thing I could be doing that would cause this? Did I maybe forget to call glEnable(GL_ALLOW_VBOS_TO_RUN_FAST) or something?

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• Dropping multiple objects using an array in Actionscript?

  - by Eratosthenes

  I'm trying to get these fireBalls to drop more often, I'm not sure if I'm using Math.random correctly. Also, for some reason I'm getting a null reference because I think the fireBalls array waits for one to leave the stage before dropping another one? This is the relevant code: var sun:Sun=new Sun var fireBalls:Array=new Array() var left:Boolean; function onEnterFrame(event:Event){ if (left) { sun.x = sun.x - 15; }else{ sun.x = sun.x + 15; } if (fireBalls.length>0&&fireBalls[0].y>stage.stageHeight){ // Fireballs exit stage removeChild(fireBalls[0]); fireBalls.shift(); } for (var j:int=0; j<fireBalls.length; j++){ fireBalls[j].y=fireBalls[j].y+15; if (fireBalls[j].y>stage.stageHeight-fireBall.width/2){ } } if (Math.random()<.2){ // Fireballs shooting from Sun var fireBall:FireBall=new FireBall; fireBall.x=sun.x; addChild(fireBall); fireBalls.push(fireBall); } }

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• starting rails in test environment

  - by Brian D.

  I'm trying to load up rails in the test environment using a ruby script. I've tried googling a bit and found this recommendation: require "../../config/environment" ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = ARGV.first || ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'test' This seems to load up my environment alright, but my development database is still being used. Am I doing something wrong? Here is my database.yml file... however I don't think it is the issue development: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_development pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost # Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and # re-generated from your development database when you run "rake". # Do not set this db to the same as development or production. test: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_test pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost production: adapter: mysql encoding: utf8 reconnect: false database: BrianSite_production pool: 5 username: root password: dev host: localhost I can't use ruby script/server -e test because I'm trying to run ruby code after I load rails. More specifically what I'm trying to do is: run a .sql database script, load up rails and then run automated tests. Everything seems to be working fine, but for whatever reason rails seems to be loading in the development environment instead of the test environment. Here is a shortened version of the code I am trying to run: system "execute mysql script here" require "../../config/environment" ENV['RAILS_ENV'] = ARGV.first || ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'test' describe Blog do it "should be initialized successfully" do blog = Blog.new end end I don't need to start a server, I just need to load my rails code base (models, controllers, etc..) so I can run tests against my code. Thanks for any help.

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• Lwjgl camera causing movement to be mirrored

  - by pangaea

  I'm having a problem in that everything is rendered and the movement is fine. However, everything seems to be mirrored. In the sense that the TriangleMob should move towards me, but it doesn't instead it mirrors my action. I move forward the TriangleMob moves backwards. I move left, it moves right. I move backwards, it moves forward. The code works if I do this glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(-position.x, -position.y, -position.z); glCallList(objectDisplayList); glPopMatrix(); However, I'm scared this will cause a problem later on. I suppose the code works. However, shouldn't the call be glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(position.x, position.y, position.z); glCallList(objectDisplayList); glPopMatrix(); I think the problem could be caused by how I'm doing the camera, which is this glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(player.getRotation().x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(player.getRotation().y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(player.getRotation().z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTranslatef(player.getPosition().x, player.getPosition().y, player.getPosition().z);

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• Playing a death anim on an enemy that I want to remove

  - by Max

  I've been trying to find a tutorial on how to best make animations in Android. I already have some animations for my enemies and my character that are controlled by rectangles and changing rectangleframe between updates using a picture like this: When I'm shooting my enemies they lose HP, and when their HP == 0 they get removed. As long as I'm using an arrayList (which I do for all enemies and bullets) I'm fine, since I can just use list.remove(i). But when I'm on a boss-level and the Boss's HP == 0, I want to remove him and play an animation of an explosion of stars before the "End-screen". Is there a preferred way to do temporary animations like this? If you can give me an example or redirect me to a tutorial, I'd be really grateful!

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• How do I retain previously drawn graphics?

  - by Cromanium

  I've created a simple program that draws lines from a fixed point to a random point each frame. I wanted to keep each line on the screen. However, it always seems to be cleared each time it draws on the spriteBatch even without GraphicsDevice.Clear(color) being called. What seems to be the problem? protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { spriteBatch.Begin(); DrawLine(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void DrawLine(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { Random r = new Random(); Vector2 a = new Vector2(50, 100); Vector2 b = new Vector2(r.Next(0, 640), r.Next(0,480)); Texture2D filler= new Texture2D(GraphicsDevice, 1, 1, false, SurfaceFormat.Color); filler.SetData(new[] { Color.Black }); float length = Vector2.Distance(a, b); float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(b.Y - a.Y, b.X - a.X); spriteBatch.Draw(filler, a, null, Color.Black, angle, Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(length,10.0f), SpriteEffects.None, 0f); } What am I doing wrong?

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• XNA 2D Rotated Rectangle Collision Response

  - by Kyle Uithoven

  I am using Rotated Rectangles which collide using the Separating Axis Theorem and they work perfectly fine for collision detection using Intersects and Contains. However, I am starting to use faster objects in my game now and there is the issue of the two object overlapping during collision due to their higher velocities. I would like to do a collision response where I find out how much they are overlapping in the X and Y and put position them outside of each other. I would like to use something like this: http://go.colorize.net/xna/2d_collision_response_xna/index.html. But I am having some issues trying to adapt this to handle the rotation of the bounds. Is this possible? Are there any resources out there that I can look at?

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• sprite group doesn't support indexing

  - by user3956

  I have a sprite group created with pygame.sprite.Group() (and add sprites to it with the add method) How would I retrieve the nth sprite in this group? Code like this does not work: mygroup = pygame.sprite.Group(mysprite01) print mygroup[n].rect It returns the error: group object does not support indexing. For the moment I'm using the following function: def getSpriteByPosition(position,group): for index,spr in enumerate(group): if (index == position): return spr return False Although working, it just doesn't seem right... Is there a cleaner way to do this? EDIT: I mention a "position" and index but it's not important actually, returning any single sprite from the group is enough

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• How to avoid movement speed stacking when multiple keys are pressed?

  - by eren_tetik

  I've started a new game which requires no mouse, thus leaving the movement up to the keyboard. I have tried to incorporate 8 directions; up, left, right, up-right and so on. However when I press more than one arrow key, the movement speed stacks (http://gfycat.com/CircularBewitchedBarebirdbat). How could I counteract this? Here is relevant part of my code: var speed : int = 5; function Update () { if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow)){ transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime); } else if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow) && Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow)){ transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime); } else if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow) && Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow)){ transform.rotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(315, Vector3.up); } if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.DownArrow)){ transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * speed * Time.deltaTime); } }

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• How can I determine the first visible tile in an isometric perspective?

  - by alekop

  I am trying to render the visible portion of a diamond-shaped isometric map. The "world" coordinate system is a 2D Cartesian system, with the coordinates increasing diagonally (in terms of the view coordinate system) along the axes. The "view" coordinates are simply mouse offsets relative to the upper left corner of the view. My rendering algorithm works by drawing diagonal spans, starting from the upper right corner of the view and moving diagonally to the right and down, advancing to the next row when it reaches the right view edge. When the rendering loop reaches the lower left corner, it stops. There are functions to convert a point from view coordinates to world coordinates and then to map coordinates. Everything works when rendering from tile 0,0, but as the view scrolls around the rendering needs to start from a different tile. I can't figure out how to determine which tile is closest to the upper right corner. At the moment I am simply converting the coordinates of the upper right corner to map coordinates. This works as long as the view origin (upper right corner) is inside the world, but when approaching the edges of the map the starting tile coordinate obviously become invalid. I guess this boils down to asking "how can I find the intersection between the world X axis and the view X axis?"

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• Why am I seeing streak artifacts on the cube map I'm rendering?

  - by BobDole

  I'm getting strange streaks on my cube map when rendering to it. He is my code that is being called each frame: void drawCubeMap(void) { int face; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo); //glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, cubeMapTexture); //glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glViewport(0,0,sizeT, sizeT); for (face = 0; face < 6; face++) { glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + face, cubeMapTexture, 0); drawSpheres(); } glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); glViewport(0,0,900, 900); } Any idea what it might be? The streaking occurs when I'm rotating the spheres around the main sphere.

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• Finding out which tile a mouse click landed in

  - by Shard

  I am working on an icometric grid based game and im having an issue trying to link a mouse click from the user to a tile. I have been able to split the problem into 2 parts which is first finding a rectangle that sourounds a tile, which I have been able to do but the second part of figuring out from the rectangle which tile the click landed in has got me stumped. Here is an example of a rectangle with tiles on the inside: The rectangle is 70px long and 30px high so if i use an input of say 30x(top)/20y(left) how would I go about determining which tile this fell into?

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• How much isometric sprites can one optimize by mirroring and alike?

  - by Tom

  I am working on a basic isometric game, and am struggling to find the correct mirrors. I have managed to get SE out of SW, by scaling the sprite on X axis by -1. Same applies for NE angle. Something is bugging me, that I should be able to also mirror N to S, but I cannot manage to pull this one off. Am I just too sleepy and trying to do the impossible, or a basic -1 scale on Y axis is not enough? What are the common used mirror table for optimizing 8 angle (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) isometric sprites?

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• 2-D Lighting Theory

  - by Richard

  I am writing a rogue-like 'zombie' management game. The game map will be similar to Prison Architect. A top-down 50 X 50 grid. I want to implemented a day night cycle and during the night I would like the player to be able to position lights. I would like to be able to lighten and dark to whole map to display the day and night cycle. Then lights would be a circle of light blocked by game entities such as walls, players, trees etc. How would I achieve and what is the standard way of achieving this?

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• How can I achieve this lighting with OpenGL?

  - by Smallbro

  I'm currently trying to implement a type of "smooth" lighting. How can I achieve lighting which looks like this: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1668516/concept/warp3.png Using OpenGl. I've attempted to use blending modes and have come very close to making it work but it came out like this: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/A1071viCEAAlFmJ.png and I also wasn't able to change the alpha of the black background which I want to be able to do. Could I get a few pointers in the right direction?

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• Game Server on Windows Azure

  - by MrWiggels

  What do you guys think of using Windows Azure for deploying a custom built game server. It's being built in C#, and I want to get a few things down before stretching too far into the project. I like the idea of being scalable, but I also know that I will never get to the scale of anything to the scale of WOW, or something quite as big. It will just be an interesting journey to test something like this. So, will Windows Azure work for that, or is there any other services that can provide something like that?

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• What's involved in resetting the graphics device?

  - by Donutz

  I'm playing with XNA 4.0, VS2010. I've created a window (not maximized) and drawn some sprites. All is good until I resize the window, after which the sprites stop displaying or only partially display. I'm pretty sure it has something to do with needing to reset the device or something, but can't find any clear instructions or sample code. It's not just a case of needing to increase the preferredbackbuffer size, because even if I shrink the window I get this symptom. I've looked at the source code that I was able to get from Microsoft before they shut down XNA, but it doesn't actually explain anything. Any help or advice? If it makes any difference I'm creating DrawableGameComponents and doing my updates and drawing in their Draw/Update routines.

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• Unity3D 3.5 pro - Moving the camera vs setting draw distance

  - by stoicfury

  I move the camera mostly via right-click + WASD, sometimes with [shift] if I want it to move faster. Occasionally, instead of moving my camera, it alters the draw distance / FOV / some visual aspect of the editing scene that causes trees and other object to disappear when I scroll enough, and eventually even the terrain starts disappearing. It is not m "zooming out". My camera does not move, the width and height of the FOV stays the same (one might say the depth is being altered though). What key am I hitting to cause this to happen, and is it possible to disable it? side note: "keybinds" is probably the most spot-on tag for this question but it doesn't exist (surprisingly) and I lack the rep to create it.

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• LibGDX onTouch() method kill on touch

  - by johnny-b

  How can I add this on my application. i want to use the onTouch() method from the implementation of the InputProcessor to kill the enemies on screen. how do i do that? do i have to do anything to the enemy class? please help Thank you M @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { return false; } here is my enemy class public class Bullet extends Sprite { private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; } } i am rendering all graphics in a GameRender class and a gameworld class if you need more info please let me know Thank you

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• Easiest way to beg users for their emails and to put them on a mailing list.

  - by kamziro

  I notice that some games I bought at one point asked me for my email address (to register an account of sorts), and from then on, every month, or everytime there are new games out by them, they send out mails to me. Ostensibly, it seems to be quite an effective way to keep your users in touch. But I suppose this would only work if you have a valid excuse for getting email address from the users (e.g for account setups). I was thinking of using incentives (such as bonus functionality in-game) to beg for user's emails, but after that, what is the easiest way to keep track of their email addresses, and to send them a mail? What software can do that for you easily? Also, is there web services for this? Not sure how much I'd trust web services not to harvest the mails instead though.

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• Game planning and software design? I feel that UML is not convenient

  - by user1542

  In my university, they always emphasize and hype about UML design and stuff, in which I feel it is not going to work well with game structure design. Now, I just want a professional advice on how should I begin my game designing? The story is I have some skill in programming and have done many minor game such as getting some 2D platformer working to some extend. The problems that I find about my program is the poor quality design. After coding for a while, things start to break down due to poor planning (When I add new feature, it tends to make me have to recode the whole program). However, to plan everything out without a single design flaw is a bit too ideal. Therefore, any advice to how should I plan my game? How should I put it into visible pictures, so that me and my friends are able to overview the designs? I planned to start coding a game with my friend. This is going to be my first teamwork, so any professional advices would be a pleasure. Is there any other alternatives than UML? Another question is how does "prototyping" normally looks like?

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• Can I publish my game code under GPL? How? What about an engine?

  - by Bane

  I made a game, and I am currently making a game engine. I want them both to be completely free and open source. What license should I choose? I was reading a bit on GPL, but that seems to be more suited for system code and libraries, AFAIK, as it doesn't permit the use of code for proprietorial software - which, in turn, implies that the code can be used in the first place. I can see that, obviously, game engines can be considered libraries, and therefor be used, but what about game code? Is there an alternative to GPL?

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• What OpenGL version(s) to learn and/or use?

  - by zuko

  So, I'm new to OpenGL... I have general knowledge of game programming but little practical experience. I've been looking into various articles and books and trying to dive into OpenGL, but I've found the various versions and old vs new way of doing things confusing. I guess my first questions is does anyone know some figures about percentages of gamers that can run each version of OpenGL. What's the market share like? 2.x, 3.x, 4.x... I looked into the requirements for Half Life 2 since I know Valve updated it with OpenGL to run on Mac and I know they usually try to hit a very wide user-base, and they say a minimum of GeForce 8 Series. I looked at the 8800 GT on Nvidia's website and it listed support for OpenGL 2.1. Which, maybe I'm wrong, sounds ancient to me since there's already 4.x. I looked up a driver for 8800GT and it says it supports 4.2! A bit of a discrepancy there, lol. I've also read things like XP only supports up to a certain version, or OS X only supports 3.2, or all kinds of other things. Overall, I'm just confused as to how much support there is for various versions and what version to learn/use. I'm also looking for learning resources. My search results thus far have pointed me to the OpenGL SuperBible. The 4th edition has great reviews on Amazon, but it teaches 2.1. The 5th edition teaches 3.3 and there are a couple things in the reviews that mention the 4th edition is better and that the 5th edition doesn't properly teach the new features or something? Basically, even within learning material I'm seeing discrepancies and I just don't even know where to start. From what I understand, 3.x started a whole new way of doing things and I've read from various articles and reviews that you want to "stay away from deprecated features like glBegin(), glEnd()" yet a lot of books and tutorials I've seen use that method. I've seen people saying that, basically, the new way of doing stuff is more complicated yet the old way is bad . Just a side note, personally, I know I still have a lot to learn beforehand, but I'm interested in tessellation; so I guess that factors into it as well, because, as far as I understand that's only in 4.x? [just btw, my desktop supports 4.2]

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• How should game objects be aware of each other?

  - by Jefffrey

  I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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