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  • Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances: "Heavy Utilization" clarification

    - by gravyface
    Should be another easy one here, but I need clarification on what they define as "heavy utilization" for Reserved Instance types. From their Website: Heavy Utilization RIs – Heavy Utilization RIs offer the most absolute savings of any Reserved Instance type. They’re most appropriate for steady-state workloads where you’re willing to commit to always running these instances in exchange for our lowest hourly usage fee. With this RI, you pay a little higher upfront payment than Medium Utilization RIs, a significantly lower hourly usage fee, and you’re charged that lower hourly rate for every hour in the Reserved Instance term you purchase. Using Heavy Utilization RIs, you can save up to 41% for a 1-year term and 58% for a 3-year term vs. running On-Demand Instances. If you’re trying to find a break-even utilization, you’re economically advantaged using Heavy Utilization RIs (vs. On-Demand Instances) if you plan to use your instance more than 43% of a 1-year term or 79% of a 3-year term. I'm assuming that, if I'm planning on running a 24/7 Web Server, then regardless of how many resources I consume (bandwidth, cpu cycles, memory), I would want to go with a Heavy Utilization Reserved Instance? This one Web Server in particular will likely barely budge the cpu, but it needs to be up and running 24/7. Not 100% on what they're defining as "heavy".

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  • Conditionally changing MIME type in nginx

    - by Peter
    I'm using nginx as a frontend to Rails. All pages are cached as .html files on disk, and nginx serves these files if they exist. I want to send the correct MIME type for feeds (application/rss+xml), but the way I have so far is quite ugly, and I'm wondering if there is a cleaner way. Here is my config: location ~ /feed/$ { types {} default_type application/rss+xml; root /var/www/cache/; if (-f request_filename/index.html) { rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f request_filename.html) { rewrite (.*) $1.html break; } if (-f request_filename) { break; } if (!-f request_filename) { proxy_pass http://mongrel; break; } } location / { root /var/www/cache/; if (-f request_filename/index.html) { rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f request_filename.html) { rewrite (.*) $1.html break; } if (-f request_filename) { break; } if (!-f request_filename) { proxy_pass http://mongrel; break; } } My questions: Is there a better way to change the MIME type? All cached files have .html extensions and I cannot change this. Is there a way to factor out the if conditions in /feed/$ and /? I understand that I can use include, but I'm hoping for a better way. Putting part of the config in a different file is not that readable. Can you spot any bugs in the if conditions? I'm using nginx 0.6.32 (Debian Lenny). I prefer to use the version in APT. Thanks.

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  • Mac OS X printing to CUPS - More intuitive authentication failure?

    - by Moduspwnens
    We have a network-wide CUPS server that offers authenticated printer access to all our campus users. We've been pretty disappointed with the way Mac clients handle bad printing authentication, though. In any other authentication dialog, when a user types in a bad username or password, the window shakes briefly, allowing the user to re-enter. With printers, this isn't the case. It'll happily accept (and even save to the keychain, if specified) bad credentials. The authentication dialog is dismissed, and the user then has to deal with the print jobs showing up as "On hold (authentication required)". To get their job printed, they need to select it in the printer's queue, click "Resume", then re-enter appropriate credentials. Is there a way to get failed printing authentication to work more intuitively for Mac OS X clients? We're trying to support a BYOD environment, but our end users have been really confused by this. It's made even worse by the way it pre-populates the user's full login name (e.g. "Smith, John"), which tends to make them think to use their local machine passwords.

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  • SQL Server 2005 - Linked Visual Foxpro Authorization

    - by John
    Here's the Scenario: We have an existing SQL 2000 Server that has a linked server to a share directory (on another server) containing Visual FoxPro tables; all connections work correctly. Porting the SQL 2000 server to a new SQL 2005 server results in questionable behavior: If you connect to the server, remotely, using Windows Authentication, you receive this error when running a query against the linked server: OLE DB provider "MSDASQL" for linked server "[linked server name]" returned message "[Microsoft][ODBC Visual FoxPro Driver]File 'MyTable.dbf' does not exist.". Msg 7350, Level 16, State 2, Line 2 Cannot get the column information from OLE DB provider "MSDASQL" for linked server "[linked server name]". However, logged in locally, the query works fine. The query also works correctly when logged in remotely, but using a SQL login. The only scenario I receive the error is when connected remotely, using windows authentication. As I mentioned before, this works on the SQL 2000 server, and both the old and new servers are running under the same network account (which has access to the folder the FoxPro files are in). Doing a little searching on the internet it looks like others have run into this situation, but I haven't found a resolution. Has anyone run into this before?

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  • AMIs in Amazon EC2

    - by Jack of Trades
    I really like the Amazon EC2 environment, and thought I'll spend a bit of time playing around with various types of public (Windows!) AMI servers. But testing has been a bit, well, questionable. Some of my findings: It's very difficult to know what exactly a specific public EC2 image is supposed to be doing. Many images come with little to no information. I can't seem to find the passwords to log onto various windows images. Why are they public if they can't be used!? Lots of images are based on S3, and not EBS backed. This is very annoying, as S3 takes a lot longer to do pretty much anything (stop, image etc.) I am only testing images here, so of-course I don't question the value of S3 for other attributes. The description of what an image does is almost useless and many times confusing. Have others come across these EC2 issues. Again, my interest was to just play around with public images for testing/experimentation/etc, and therefore these issues may not be too relevant for more normal EC2 deployment uses.

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  • Umount stale glusterfs partition

    - by Khaled
    I am using glusterfs on several Ubuntu servers: two of them are running glusterfs servers in replication mode. Without any clear error, the glusterfs partition became stale and the system shows this error when I try to access the stale partition: Transport endpoint is not connected Also, when running ls -l on the parent folder I get: d????????? ? ? ? ? ? myfolder I tried all types of commands that I can find to umount this partition, but I could not get it done: umount -l /path/to/mount/point umount -f /path/to/mount/point Also, using fuser command to show processes accessing this folder did not work. Unload the fuse kernel module can not be done as it is clear from the kernel config that fuse is built into the kernel and not a loadable module. I found this line in /boot/config-2.6.32-24-server CONFIG_FUSE_FS=y I have been left with two options: Reboot the system. Create another mount point like myfolder2 and mount this again using sudo glusterfs -f /etc/glustefs/glusterfs.vol /path/to/folder2. Of course, I have chosen to go with option 2. Anyone faced such an issue before? Anyone has a better solution for such a case?

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  • finding the user - without knowing the innards of IIS

    - by LosManos
    Place of crime is WinSrv2008 with IIS7. My IIS apppool user is trying to create a folder but fails. How do I find out which User it is? Let's say I don't know much about IIS7 and Aspnet but need to trace whatever is happening through tools. So I fire up Sysinternals/ProcessMonitor to find out what is happening. I find Access denied on a folder just as I suspected. But which user? I add the User column to the output or ProcessMonitor and it says IIS Apppool\Defaultapppool in capitals. Well... that isn't a user is it? If I go to IIS and its Apppools and Advanced settings and Process model and Identity I can see clues about which user it is but that is only because I know IIS. What if it had been Apache or LightHttpd or whatever? How do I see the user to give the appropriate rights to?

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  • SSH from mac to linux -> start gnome-session -> X11 keyboard mapping all messed up.

    - by Justin
    I have 2 computers: echo.local is running Ubuntu 9.04. justin.local is running Mac OS 10.6.1. X11 version on the mac is 2.3.4. I open X11 on the mac, and open a new xterm window (Applications Menu - Terminal), everything is fine. Keyboard works as expected. I do ssh -X echo.local from the mac (connecting to the linux box), and from the linux command prompt, start xterm - everything is fine. Keyboard works as expected. I do gnome-session from the linux command prompt (through SSH), gnome launches, but keyboard mapping is ALL types of screwed up. If I kill gnome-session and open an xterm via ssh, keyboard mapping is still screwed up. If I then kill the SSH session entirely, and do X11 - Applications Menu - Terminal, opening a brand new xterm window on the mac with no SSH session running at all ... keyboard mapping is still screwed up. Only after I quit X11 and relaunch, is the keyboard mapping back to normal. Keyboard layout under GNOME is Apple-MacBook/MacBook Pro.

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  • SharePoint Records Center Submitted E-mail Records not picked up

    - by Kenneth Verburg
    We have set up a new SharePoint 2007 site with a Records Repository. We're using Exchange 2007 Managed Folders to route e-mails to this repository based on the 'label' attached to the e-mail as set in the Exchange 2007 journaling options. E-mails added to a Managed Folder get sent to SharePoint, they end up in the "Submitted E-mail Records" list of the Records Repository. That's according to plan, but the e-mails are not routed to the respective document library as defined by the label. Instead an error appears in the event viewer for every e-mail listed in the Submitted E-mail Records list, on every interval of the records repository schedule (set to every two minutes for testing purposes): Value cannot be null, parameter name: g. Sending a document from the SharePoint site iself to the Records Repository via the Send To... link works fine, but e-mails get stuck in the list... We have set Document Libraries in the Respository with and without content types (with matching names with the Label and the Record Routing rule set). Any ideas what could be wrong? This is in the event log: Every two minutes the following error appears in the Application Log: Source: Office SharePoint Server Category: Records Center Type: Error Event ID: 4975 User: N/A Computer: SPS2007 Description: Value cannot be null. Parameter name: g For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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  • Nginx - Enable PHP for all hosts

    - by F21
    I am currently testing out nginx and have set up some virtual hosts by putting configurations for each virtual host in its own file in a folder called sites-enabled. I then ask nginx to load all those config files using: include C:/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf; This is my current config: http { server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; include mime.types; include C:/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; root C:/www-root; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; } # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } server{ server_name localhost; } } And this is one of the configs for a virtual host: server { server_name testsubdomain.testdomain.com root C:/www-root/testsubdomain.testdomain.com; } The problem is that for testsubdomain.testdomain.com, I cannot get php scripts to run unless I have defined a location block with fastcgi parameters for it. What I would like to do is to be able to enable PHP for all hosted sites on this server (without having to add a PHP location block with fastcgi parameters) for maintainability. This is so that if I need to change any fastcgi values for PHP, I can just change it in 1 location. Is this something that's possible for nginx? If so, how can this be done?

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  • Batch copy gives errors, xcopy works fine

    - by ndm13
    I am writing a general file backup program. It searches the drive for files matching a set of types and then writes them to a folder on the desktop. I wrote it using xcopy on Windows XP but upon learning that xcopy was deprecated in favor of robocopy in Vista and newer, still wanting to maintain compatibility I decided to switch to the non-deprecated copy. This is where the problems begin. I'm trying to fix the copy routine. I thought I had everything sorted out, but it doesn't copy anything. My output is zero files copied for every iteration. Original Code using xcopy: for /r %%a in (*.bmp *.dds *.gif *.jpg *.jpeg *.png *.psd *.pspimage *.tga *.thm *.tif *.tiff) do ( echo f | xcopy "%%a" "%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\LDR\Images\Bitmap\%%~nxa" /q /y /g /c ) Revised (broken) Code using copy: for /r %%a in (*.bmp *.dds *.gif *.jpg *.jpeg *.png *.psd *.pspimage *.tga *.thm *.tif *.tiff) do ( copy "%%a" "%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\LDR\Images\Bitmap\%%~nxa" /d /y /z ) Output: The system cannot find the path specified. 0 files copied. I know that it seems everyone uses either xcopy or robocopy but can anyone help with copy? Note: I'm using Batch to keep it very lightweight and command-line accessible.

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  • How do I create and conveniently search through Libraries in Windows 8?

    - by mtone
    In Windows 7, I took the habit of putting most of my frequently accessed disk areas as Libraries - there were about a dozen. Typing a word in the Start menu would then give me a summary of matches by Library. For example, searching for "WPF" would tell me that I've got some results in the Books library, in the Coding library and a few other PDFs in the Downloads library, one of which I could then expand to see all results within. In Windows 8, that functionality appears to be gone. The Search function in the Charms Bar lists tons of results by type (Documents, Pictures, et cetera) but not by Library. This is practically useless since Documents contains hundreds of .txt and .cs files, a few of which might be Books or Downloads. The only option I found is to go into Explorer and use the search bar in the Library section. However, there again, all search results are mixed together, and I can't seem to find a way to know which Library each result came from (in the Details view, I didn't find a Library column I could add). So, if I want to know which Library contains stuff about a given topic, I have to search the Libraries one by one. Very inconvenient. Is Microsoft slowly deprecating libraries? Any tips? How else can I search through libraries?

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  • Recommendations for good FTP server for Win 2008 x64

    - by sfhtimssf1970
    I spent a bunch of time learning/configuring the "all new and better" FTP feature for IIS7. In my opinion, it still fails hard: In order to have multiple FTP sites on the same machine, you have to use host|user usernames (like domain.com|jason) for every account. Using IIS Manager auth doesn't seem to work at all. I'm sure I'm doing something wrong, but I can't figure out what the hell it is. I've read all the official articles on it and configured it a hundred different ways. Doesn't play well with passive connection types. That has to be disabled on the client in order for it to work. Doesn't have any way to allow one user to see multiple sites no matter what binding they are connected to. For instance, if "jason" connects to ftp.domain.com, he should be able to see domain2.com, domain3.com without seeing domain4.com and domain5.com. It takes an act of God to set this up with IIS7. So I'm wanting to install a third party FTP server instead. I've looked at FileZilla both ZFTPServer. Anyone know of any pros/cons on these? Any other recommendations?

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  • Reducing IO caused by nginx

    - by glumbo
    I have a lot of free RAM but my IO is always 100 %util or very close. What ways can I reduce IO by using more RAM? My iotop shows nginx worker processes with the highest io rate. This is a file server serving files ranging from 1mb to 2gb. Here is my nginx.conf #user nobody; worker_processes 32; worker_rlimit_nofile 10240; worker_rlimit_sigpending 32768; error_log logs/error.log crit; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log off; limit_conn_log_level info; log_format xfs '$arg_id|$arg_usr|$remote_addr|$body_bytes_sent|$status'; sendfile off; tcp_nopush off; tcp_nodelay on; directio 4m; output_buffers 3 512k; reset_timedout_connection on; open_file_cache max=5000 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s; open_file_cache_min_uses 2; open_file_cache_errors on; client_body_buffer_size 32k; server_tokens off; autoindex off; keepalive_timeout 0; #keepalive_timeout 65;

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  • Password Policy seems to be ignored for new Domain on Windows Server 2008 R2

    - by Earl Sven
    I have set up a new Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller, and have attempted to configure the Default Domain Policy to permit all types of passwords. When I want to create a new user (just a normal user) in the Domain Users and Computers application, I am prevented from doing so because of password complexity/length reasons. The password policy options configured in the Default Domain Policy are not defined in the Default Domain Controllers Policy, but having run the Group Policy Modelling Wizard these settings do not appear to be set for the Domain Controllers OU, should they not be inherited from the Default Domain policy? Additionally, if I link the Default Domain policy to the Domain Controllers OU, the Group Policy Modelling Wizard indicates the expected values for complexity etc, but I still cannot create a new user with my desired password. The domain is running at the Windows Server 2008 R2 functional level. Any thoughts? Thanks! Update: Here is the "Account policy/Password policy" Section from the GPM Wizard: Policy Value Winning GPO Enforce password history 0 Passwords Remembered Default Domain Policy Maximum password age 0 days Default Domain Policy Minimum password age 0 days Default Domain Policy Minimum password length 0 characters Default Domain Policy Passwords must meet complexity Disabled Default Domain Policy These results were taken from running the GPM Wizard at the Domain Controllers OU. I have typed them out by hand as the system I am working on is standalone, this is why the table is not exactly the wording from the Wizard. Are there any other policies that could override the above? Thanks!

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  • Find out the type of an automounted device

    - by Steve Bennett
    I'm working on a system (Ubuntu Precise) with a mount defined in /etc/fstab as follows: /dev/vdb /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2 Originally I just wanted to find out if it's NFS (due to potential MySQL locking issues). Judging from man mount, it's not: If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is specified, mount will try to guess the desired type. Mount uses the blkid library for guessing the filesystem type; if that does not turn up anything that looks familiar, mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems, or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems. All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read /proc/filesystems afterwards. But, out of curiosity now, how can I find out more about what type of device it actually is? (For context, this is a VM running on OpenStack. The device is a 60Gb allocation mounted from somewhere - but I don't know how.)` EDIT Including answers here: $ mount /dev/vdb on /mnt type ext3 (rw,_netdev) $ df -T /dev/vdb ext3 61927420 2936068 55845624 5% /mnt

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  • Identifying and Resolving Oracle ITL Deadlock

    - by Allan
    I have an Oracle DB package that is routinely causing what I believe is an ITL (Interested Transaction List) deadlock. The relevant portion of a trace file is below. Deadlock graph: ---------Blocker(s)-------- ---------Waiter(s)--------- Resource Name process session holds waits process session holds waits TM-0000cb52-00000000 22 131 S 23 143 SS TM-0000ceec-00000000 23 143 SX 32 138 SX SSX TM-0000cb52-00000000 30 138 SX 22 131 S session 131: DID 0001-0016-00000D1C session 143: DID 0001-0017-000055D5 session 143: DID 0001-0017-000055D5 session 138: DID 0001-001E-000067A0 session 138: DID 0001-001E-000067A0 session 131: DID 0001-0016-00000D1C Rows waited on: Session 143: no row Session 138: no row Session 131: no row There are no bit-map indexes on this table, so that's not the cause. As far as I can tell, the lack of "Rows waited on" plus the "S" in the Waiter waits column likely indicates that this is an ITL deadlock. Also, the table is written to quite often (roughly 8 insert or updates concurrently, as often as 240 times a minute), so and ITL deadlock seems like a strong possibility. I've increased the INITRANS parameter of the table and it's indexes to 100 and increased the PCT_FREE on the table from 10 to 20 (then rebuilt the indexes), but the deadlocks are still occurring. The deadlock seems to happen most often during an update, but that could just be a coincidence, as I've only traced it a couple of times. My questions are two-fold: 1) Is this actually an ITL deadlock? 2) If it is an ITL deadlock, what else can be done to avoid it? Cross-posted from Stack Overflow. Deadlocks are normally a programming problem, but ITL deadlocks relate directly to how Oracle writes to disk, so this may be an area where DBAs have more experience.

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  • Neophyte question about using Subtotal and CountIf in Excel

    - by Andrew
    Hi, I'm using Excel and having some problems with Countif and I don't understand how it works differently from SubTotal. I used the GUI to subtotal stuff and all the subtotals are right. Then I attempted to use the Countif to see how many requirements passed. That worked for the first subtotal only. It's easy to see why. When I look at the box for the subtotal, it says: =SUBTOTAL(3,C286:C292) When I look at my formula for passed requirements, I have: =IF(ISTEXT(A285),COUNTIF(C286:C338,"=Passed"),"") Notice that the last column is wrong. How did the Subtotal manage to keep this correct? I typed in the formula for passed requirements and dragged it down the page. Everything behaved as expected (even the bit about ISTEXT dutifully figured out which row was which), but it got the last row wrong. Any ideas? SRS Maintenance Count 7 44 SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Maintenance Passed SRS Reports Count 12 43 SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Failed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Failed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Passed SRS Reports Failed

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  • Cisco Multi-DMZ firewall

    - by BParker
    I need to find a firewall that will give me 1 LAN port, and 5-7 DMZ ports. I have a requirement to replace some FreeBSD systems that are used to run some testing equipment. It is essential that the DMZ ports cannot communicate with each other, but the LAN port can communicate with everyone. That way a user on the LAN can connect to the test systems, but the test systems are isolated entirely and cannot interfere with each other. One of the DMZ's will be connected to a VMWare ESXi server, one to a standard server, and the rest to various types of equipment. The lan port will be connected to the corporate LAN switch. Sorry if i am a little vague, I am just trying to work all this out myself! Currently we have a FreeBSD configured, but the quad port NIC's are pretty expensive, and the PC itself is old, so i would prefer to replace it with a dedicate piece of kit which can do the same job, but more reliably! These test rigs are used all over the place, and get moved quite often, so i am aiming for Cisco kit for ease of configuration and reliability of the hardware itself. Thanks

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  • MySQL /G output

    - by conandor
    I ran mysql query as below on a non-partition table mysql> use test31 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> explain partitions SELECT * FROM my_friends WHERE (requestor = '1234567890' OR contact = '1234567890') AND status = 1 ORDER BY request_id DESC LIMIT 0,100\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: my_friends partitions: NULL type: index_merge possible_keys: friend_index,requestor,contact key: friend_index,contact key_len: 17,17 ref: NULL rows: 2 Extra: Using sort_union(friend_index,contact); Using where; Using filesort 1 row in set (0.00 sec) on a partition table mysql> explain partitions SELECT * FROM my_friends WHERE (requestor = '1234567890' OR contact = '1234567890') AND status = 1 ORDER BY request_id DESC LIMIT 0,100\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: my_friends partitions: p1_p1sp0,p1_p1sp1,p1_p1sp2,p1_p1sp3,p1_p1sp4,p1_p1sp5,p1_p1sp6,p1_p1sp7,p1_p1sp8,p1_p1sp9,p1_p1sp10,p1_p1sp11,p1_p1sp12,p1_p1sp13,p1_p1sp14,p1_p1sp15,p1_p1sp16,p1_p1sp17,p1_p1sp18,p1_p1sp19,p1_p1sp20,p1_p1sp21,p1_p1sp22,p1_p1sp23,p1_p1sp24,p1_p1sp25,p1_p1sp26,p1_p1sp27,p1_p1sp28,p1_p1sp29 type: index_merge possible_keys: friend_index,requestor,contact key: friend_index,contact key_len: 17,17 ref: NULL rows: 60 Extra: Using sort_union(friend_index,contact); Using where; Using filesort 1 row in set (0.01 sec) What does the "rows" mean? less rows is more faster query?

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  • What GPT partition type to use for protecting DRBD metadata?

    - by Carsten Scholtes
    I'm planning to install a DRBD device on a (replicated) disk with two GPT partitions. DRBD requires some space for (preferentially "internal") metadata at the end of the underlying device. I'm hesitant to leave this space unpartitionend (or unformatted in a normal partition). I'd like to reserve an extra partition at the end of the underlying disk device for the metadata. (If I understand correctly, DRBD would not care about the partition or its type and could then use that space exclusively.) My question is: Which would be a suitable GPT partition type for such a metadata partition? It should not be a type interpreted while booting (such as EF00 EFI System). It should not be a type prone to be modified accidentialy by the booted OS (such as 8200 Linux swap, 8e00 Linux LVM, fd00 Linux raid). (The booted OS will be Ubuntu Linux 12.04.3.) It should not be a type indicating a normal filesystem (such as 0c01 or 8301), prone to be formatted correspondingly. It should not be a type requiring any special content in the partition (since the content is to be handled exclusively by DRBD). It should express the purpose of being reserved for something special (namely DRBD). (The types I listed are as provided by gdisk. I'm thinking about using some type unlikely to be used by the OS (maybe bf0a Solaris Reserved 4) or an invented(?) type such as fd01 (close to fd00 Linux raid…). Would something like this be suitable, too dangerous or even possible?)

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  • Cisco IOS policy route for router originated VPN traffic

    - by Paul
    We have a Cisco IOS router with two DSL connections. One of them is intended for general traffic (ADSL), the other for VPN links (BDSL) and various other traffic. So the default route is the ADSL link, and we have a combination of static routes for the VPN traffic, and policy routes for other traffic types that should go out the BDSL link. For site to site traffic, this is fine, we just static route the public IPs and remote networks out of the BDSL line. The policy based routing works fine for any internal traffic that matches an ACL. The problem is now that there are remote VPN sites originating from dynamic addresses, so we cannot use static routes. The replies to incoming ISAKMP requests are following the default route out of the ADSL (despite there being no crypto map on that interface). I want to route the outgoing VPN traffic out of the BDSL. I have tried adding udp/500 and esp to and from the route-map acl that pushes traffic out of the BDSL line, but it doesn't match, presumably because the route-map happen earlier than the IPSec stuff. Any ideas how I can do this? IOS ver: 12.4.13T.

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  • Avoiding DNS timeouts when a dns server fails

    - by Neil Katin
    We have a small datacenter with about a hundred hosts pointing to 3 internal dns servers (bind 9). Our problem comes when one of the internal dns servers becomes unavailable. At that point all the clients that point to that server start performing very slowly. The problem seems to be that the stock linux resolver doesn't really have the concept of "failing over" to a different dns server. You can adjust the timeout and number of retries it uses, (and set rotate so it will work through the list), but no matter what settings one uses our services perform much more slowly if a primary dns server becomes unavailable. At the moment this is one of the largest sources of service disruptions for us. My ideal answer would be something like "RTFM: tweak /etc/resolv.conf like this...", but if that's an option I haven't seen it. I was wondering how other folks handled this issue? I can see 3 possible types of solutions: Use linux-ha/Pacemaker and failover ips (so the dns IP VIPs are "always" available). Alas, we don't have a good fencing infrastructure, and without fencing pacemaker doesn't work very well (in my experience Pacemaker lowers availability without fencing). Run a local dns server on each node, and have resolv.conf point to localhost. This would work, but it would give us a lot more services to monitor and manage. Run a local cache on each node. Folks seem to consider nscd "broken", but dnrd seems to have the right feature set: it marks dns servers as up or down, and won't use 'down' dns servers. Any-casting seems to work only at the ip routing level, and depends on route updates for server failure. Multi-casting seemed like it would be a perfect answer, but bind does not support broadcasting or multi-casting, and the docs I could find seem to suggest that multicast dns is more aimed at service discovery and auto-configuration rather than regular dns resolving. Am I missing an obvious solution?

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  • Optimum configuration of McAfee for Servers

    - by Wayne Arthurton
    Our corporate standard is McAfee Enterprise, unfortunately this is non-negotiable. On two types of servers I'm responsible for, SQL & Web, we have noticed major performance issues with the corporate standard setup. Max scan time 45sec One policy for all processes Scan ALL files on write, read and open for backup Heuristics: Find unknown programs, trojans and macros Detect unwanted programs Exclude: EVT, LDF, LOG, MDF, VMD, , windows file protection) This of course still causes major slowdowns. IIS .NET recompiles are slow especially with SharePoint, SQL backups and restores, SQL Analysis Services, Integration Services and temp data from them as well. I have looked from time to time, for some best practices on setting up McAfee of SQL & SQL Analysis Service, SQL Integration Service, Visual Studio, Sharepoint, and .NET web servers in general. How do people setup McAfee enterprise on their corporate serves keeping security intact, but affecting performance as minimally as possible? Has anyone run across white papers on these setups? Obviously some are case by case, but there must be some best practices out there somewhere.

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  • Where to place Nginx IP blacklist config file?

    - by ProfessionalAmateur
    I have an Nginx web server hosting two sites. I created a blockips.conf file to blacklist IP addresses that are constantly probing the server and included this file in the nginx.conf file. However in my access logs for the sites I still see these IP addresses showing up. Do I need to include the black list in each site's conf instead of the global conf for Nginx? Here is my nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # Load virtual host configuration files. include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; # BLOCK SPAMMERS IP ADDRESSES include /etc/nginx/conf.d/blockips.conf; } blockips.conf deny 58.218.199.250; access.log still shows this IP address. 58.218.199.250 - - [27/Sep/2012:06:41:03 -0600] "GET http://59.53.91.9/proxy/judge.php HTTP/1.1" 403 570 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)" "-" What am I doing incorrectly?

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