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• VPN Client solution

  - by realtek

  I have several VPN's that I need to establish on a daily basis but from multiple workstations. What I would like to do it have either a server or vpn router that can perform this connection itself and that I can then route traffic through this device or server depending on the subnet I am trying to reach. The issue is that I only use VPN Clients to connect, so I am basically trying to achieve almost a site to site VPN but by using basically a VPN Client type connection from my network. The main VPN Client I use is the Sonicwall Global VPN Client where I initially use a Preshared Key and then it always prompts me for a username and password (not RSA key). My question is, is there any type of linux distro or even a hardware vpn router that can do this and connect to a Sonicwall device as if it were a client? I have tried pfSense which is very good but it fails to connect, probably due to a mismatch of settings. I have tried many others. Even dd-wrt on my router but it does not support whatever protocol Sonicwall uses. (I thought L2TP/IPSec) but it appears it may not be that. Any advice would be great! The other other thing I have thought of that I have not tried yet is Windows Server Routing and Remote Access but I have a feeling that won't work either. Thanks

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• Allow incoming connections on Windows Server 2008 R2

  - by Richard-MX

  Good day people. First, im new to Windows Server. I've always used Linux/Apache combo, but, my client has and AWS EC2 Windows Server 2008 R2 instance and he wants everything in there. Im working with IIS and PHP enabled as Fast-CGI and everything is working, but, i cant see the websites stored in it from internet. The public DNS that AWS gave us for that instance is: http://ec2-XX-XXX-XXX-121.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/ But, if i copy paste that address, i get nothing, no IIS logo or something like that. My common sense tells me that maybe the firewall could be blocking the access. Can anyone help me and tell where to enable some rules to get this thing working? I don't wanna start enabling rules at random and make the system insecure. If you need any additional info, you can ask me and i will provide it. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: Amazon EC2 display this: Public DNS: ec2-XX-XXX-XXX-121.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com Private DNS: ip-XX-XXX-XX-252.us-west-2.compute.internal Private IPs: XX.XXX.XX.25 In my test microinstance, i just to use the Public DNS address (the one that starts with "ec2") and it works like a charm (of course, the micro instance have its own Public DNS im not assuming same address for both instances...) However, for the large instance, i tried to do the same. Set up everything as in the micro instance but if i use the Public DNS, it doesnt load anything. Im suspicious about the Windows Firewall, but, the HTTP related stuff is enabled. What should i do to get access to the large instance? I don't want to set up the domain yet, i want access from an amazon url. 2ND EDIT: all fixed. Charles pointed that maybe Security Groups was not properly set up for the instance. He was right. Just added HTTP service to the rules and all works good.

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• Experiences in Upgrading from Exchange 2003 to Exchange 2010

  - by gWaldo

  I'm currently running Exchange 2003 SP2 Cluster on a Server 2003 AD Forest (in native 2003 mode), and we beginning to plan the upgrade to Server 2008 AD and Exchange 2010. We have two main sites, one middle-sized office, and a couple of smaller sites which have DCs (which may be RODCs after the upgrade). Currently all of our Exchange cluster is in my main site, but we are considering using the new datastore paradigm for load-balance/failover at the other large site, but this is not set in stone. Right now we are in the information-gathering and planning phases. I am looking for input of any gotchas experienced while performing either upgrade, but especially the Exchange upgrade. Gotchas? What surprised you? What wasn't documented? What said one thing but was misleading? (Confusing either in content or severity.) What is great or horrible about the new system? What worked well? What worked poorly? If you were to do it over again...? (I know that this isn't so much a question that can be definitively answered, but I'm happy to reward insight and useful resources (not the Microsoft documentation, but Blogposts are welcome) with upvotes.) UPDATE A couple items of note: -We are not currently using OWA (currently only the admins), but it may become more of a consideration with iOS devices. -We do have a small number of Blackberries in the environment (< 10%). -In addition to the standard Exchange connectors, we have a third-party connector for Captaris RightFax integration.

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• Can't open cocoa emacs from terminal using open -a

  - by Shane

  I installed emacs on my MacBook Air running Mac OS X 10.6.5 from this site http://emacsformacosx.com/. I believe this is what used to be called cocoa emacs. I dragged it into my Application folder and it works fine when I run it from there. I want to be able to run it from the Terminal. After some googling, I tried open -a /Application/Emacs.app foo.txt (foo.txt was and existing file). I got two emacs windows - one with welcome screen and one with foo.txt loaded. I tried a few applications in the /Applications directory and they did not seem to behave like this. I had installed it using my own account (an admin account) so after doing ls -l on /Application I noticed that the owner and group were different from the other entries in this folder. I recursively changed the owner and group to root and wheel, like the others, but this did not help. The only thing that looks funny now is that there that ls -l show a @ character which has something to do with extended attributes but I don't know how to check these. Any suggestions on what to check next? Is using the open command the only to run the program? Can I simulate what it does using a shell script?

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• Dell Studio 1555 not starting up

  - by Abhishek

  This is a 3-year-old laptop. I never had a big problem with it until now. I updated Kubuntu the night before yesterday. And Firefox got updated to version 18 and a few other related packages got updated. Then I shut down the laptop and restarted it, but it failed to start. I could hear the fan and the hard disk and the optical disk drive initialize. And the power button also lighted up. But there was no video - no POST or BIOS menu. I even opened the laptop up to the point when only the motherboard was the only thing attached to the base cover. I took it to the technician this evening. He checked it casually, and said that it might be a motherboard problem and will cost quite a bit to fix. Though he was not sure and said that he will give me a call after confirming the problem. Has anyone else had the same problem? What was it and what was the fix?

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• django : nginx : jquery css not being served

  - by PlanetUnknown

  I'm using apache+mod_wsgi for django. And all css/js/images are served through nginx. For some odd, reason when others/friends/colleagues try accessing the site, jquery/css is not getting loaded for them, hence the page looks jumbled up. My html files use code like this - <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://x.x.x.x:8000/css/custom.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://1x.x.x.x:8000/js/custom.js"></script> My nginx configuration in sites-available is like this - server { listen 8000; server_name localhost; access_log /var/log/nginx/aa8000.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/aa8000.error.log; location / { index index.html index.htm; } location /static/ { autoindex on; root /opt/aa/webroot/; } } There is a directory /opt/aa/webroot/static/ which have corresponding css & js directories. The odd thing is that the pages show fine when I access them. I have cleared my cache/etc, but the page loads fine for me, from various browsers. Also, I don't see any 404 any error in the nginx log files. Actually the logs for nginx are not getting refreshed at all. I restarted the nginx server using root, is that incorrect ? There is a user www-data defined in the nginx configuration file. Any pointers would be great.

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• Are there any custom keyboard available for laptops

  - by Ahe

  My work laptop is a HP elitebook 8560w which I mainly use for programming. Usually I have a external keyboard but recently I have been working out of office and therefore have been using the laptops own keyboard. One thing has really started to bug me. The keyboard layout of this 15.6" laptop contains numpad but the arrow keys are really bad (too small). Also when programming, I really miss a standard inverted T-arrow keys and the home/end/PgUp/PgDn buttons. Then it occurred to me; I would rather give up a numpad than a standard arrow keys. (The keyboard real estate in 15.6" laptop would allow this, and I really have to agree with Jeff Atwood here http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2009/02/have-keyboard-will-program.html) Which brings me to my question. Do any laptop manufacturers make custom keyboards for their laptops or is there some third party manufacturer who could supply these kind of special keyboards? Quick googling on this doesn't give any meaningful results. Looks like that I have to carry an external keyboard with me if someone here can't give any pointers.

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• Access Denied on Some Subfolders/Files Within a Share

  - by Tim

  First thing this morning, I find that users on one of our share drives are all getting "access denied". I tried the same drive and also received "access denied" as a Domain Admin. Previous to this, all specified users and admins could get access. I checked share permissions I checked NTFS permissions I temporarily made both types of permissions read/write to "Everyone" -- This worked for one user It turns out that this is occurring for only some files/folders. When I try to manually alter the share of that single share, it can't be shared, access denied. xcacls also gets access denied rebooted the server (not a big deal - this is a smallish company). Does anybody have any insight, my google-fu is coming up blank. Thanks. EDIT: More info, I just ran AccessEnum. There were a lot of "access denied", but I noticed the pattern that all of the access denied had a parent with an owner of "???". When I look at the properties, the "Unable to display owner" message is in the box and I can only make my user account the owner. I can then share the individual file/folder, but it doesn't seem to propogate down to subfolders/files.

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• Fully FOSS EMail solution

  - by Ravi

  I am looking at various FOSS options to build a robust EMail solution for a government funded university. Commercial options are to be chosen only in the worst case scenario. Here are the requirements: Approx 1000-1500 users - Postfix or Exim? (Sendmail is out;-)) Mailing lists for different groups/Need web based archive - Mailman? Sympa? Centralised identity store - OpenLDAP? Fedora 389DS? Secure IMAP only - no POP3 required - Courier? Dovecot? Cyrus?? Anti Spam - SpamAssasin? what else? Calendaring - ?? webmail - good to have, not mandatory - needs to be very secure...so squirrelmail is out;-)? Other questions: What mailbox storage format to use? where to store? database/file system? Simple and effective HA options? Is there a web proxy equivalent to squid in the mail server world? software load balancers?CARP? Monitoring and alert? Backup? The govt wants to stimulate the local economy by buying hardware locally from whitebox vendors. Also local consultants and university students will do the integration. We looked at out-of-the-box integrated solutions like Axigen, Zimbra and GMail but each was ruled out in favour of a DIY approach in the hopes of full control over the data and avoiding vendor lockin - which i though was a smart thing to do. I wish more provincial governments in the developing world think of these sort of initiatives As for OS - Debian, FreeBSD would be first preference. Commercial OS's need not apply. CentOS as second tier option...

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• Automate creation of Windows startup script?

  - by Niten

  Is there a good way to automate installing local startup (rather than login) scripts in Windows XP and Windows 7, via the command line, WMI, or otherwise (even COM or Win32 if it comes to that)? I need to setup a local startup script on a large number of computers, and unfortunately, Active Directory is absolutely not an option. I would like to write a script or small program that I can run on each computer to perform the startup script installation in order to save myself a lot of error-prone point-and-click manual labor. I see that when one uses gpedit.msc to create a local startup script, information about the script gets stored in the registry here: HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System\Scripts\Startup However, if you create such a script and then delete its registry key, the script will remain listed in the local Group Policy editor; as is so often the case in Windows, apparently there is more going on there than meets the eye. This leads me to question whether it's safe to manually add subkeys for new startup scripts here (I wouldn't want my script to be overwritten by later changes made using the local Group Policy editor, for instance)... Another option that's occurred to me is to create an item in the Task Scheduler configured to run at system startup. However, my concerns there are twofold: Can this be automated any more easily? For instance, the at command doesn't appear to let you schedule a task for system startup, and WMI's Win32_ScheduledJob interface looks unreliable (it fails to show any of my currently scheduled tasks, for one thing). Would I be able to prevent users from logging in until the scheduled startup task is completed, as can be done with "normal" Windows startup scripts? Thanks in advance for any suggestions, I've been banging my head against this one for a bit...

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• Event Log "Wake Source" when system wakes from sleep

  - by Doltknuckle

  So I've been troubleshooting sleep timers for our systems and have run across an interesting issue. I need a way to report how long a system was awake after a number of different inputs. Now, I've discovered that the System Log tracks wake and sleep events and even tells you the times that everything happens at. The thing is doesn't tell you is what triggered the wake event. It does give you a numerical code however. Here are some examples of what I am finding. Index : 2901 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T23:20:06.097488100Z Wake Time: 2010-10-03T17:41:12.796400500Z Wake Source: 0 Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter -- Index : 2841 EntryType : Information InstanceId : 1 Message : The system has resumed from sleep. Sleep Time: 2010-10-01T19:19:37.239789600Z Wake Time: 2010-10-01T21:28:48.921200800Z Wake Source: 4HID Keyboard Device Category : (0) CategoryNumber : 0 Source : Microsoft-Windows-Power-Troubleshooter So here's my question: Does anyone know what the different numerical codes for the "Wake Source" mean? I think "0" is a magic packet and "4" is a USB device. Does anyone have any idea if there is any documentation out there on this for Windows 7? Thanks in advance

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• Concatenating ogg video files from the command line

  - by Noufal Ibrahim

  Okay. I've got a few ogg files I've created using a desktop recording tool. I've transcoded them using ffmpeg once (mainly to clip out the beginnings and the ends). Now, I have 3 such files which I want to concatenate into a single .ogv file. I tried using oggCat, it crashed with some kind of error (I tried concatenating a file to itself using oggCat and that failed too leading me to believe that my distro is shipping a broken version of the package). Simply cating the files works but I can't seek which is not cool. mencoder run like this mencoder -ovc lavc -oac lavc file1.ogv file2.ogv file3.ogv -o complete.ogv. It transcodes the files into an avi and clips off a little of the 3 videos. So, how do I do this? Update 1: My current workaround is to transcode the 3 files into .mpg using ffmpeg, then cating them together and then transcoding them back into ogv. Update 2: PiTiVi works for this kind of thing but I need something from the command line that I can automate and script.

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• Virtual Fileserver

  - by Sergei

  Hi, We are planning to move our production servers to the datacenter and virtualize remaining servers in the process.Datacenter will have HP blades with vSphere on top.Currentliy we are using Celerra NS20 as fileserver.Since datacenter is using HP kit and EVA 4400 as SAN, we cannot have Celerra there, as EMC supoprt for Celerra does not work for non EMC array. I have searched for possible options and one of them was to have HP NAS blade X3800sb instead of Celerra.However this seems like overkill for me.We are only using Celerra for about 100 users and 50 servers and I think having X3800sb could be waste of resources. The other option would be to have a virtual fileserver as a part of vmware environment in datacenter.We only need CIFS to be provided.The only option I can think of is Windows Storage server.We had a bad expirience with Windows servers used as fileservers ( memory leaks one thing) in the past and this was one of the reasons we moved to Celerra. What are the other options?We need something as reliable as Celerra with as many options as possible.For example , Celerra has per folder quotas, deduplication, dynamic volume allocation, automatic failover, VTLU, replication. Also we would need to replicate NAS data to the failover site.We could use block level replication , SAN-to-SAN, but this would mean wasted bandwidth, as we need only subset of folders to be replicated.We used CA XSoft for windows servers in the past and Celerra has option for Celerra replication. Thank you very much in advance, Please ask me if I missed any details!

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• SMTP server closes connection unexpectedly

  - by janin

  I'm writing a python program to send emails, and when trying to send to yopmail, hotmail and some other hosts the connection gets closed by the server without a message. I tried connecting directly with netcat and the same thing happens. Here's what the exchange looks like : $ nc smtp.yopmail.com 25 220 mx.yopmail.com ESMTP *** ehlo mx.myhost.com 250 SIZE 2048000 mail FROM:<[email protected]> 250 OK rcpt TO:<[email protected]> The connection is just closed abruptly at this point. On other hosts, like my ISP's, everything goes fine. I've checked the blacklists but my IP is not listed. Any idea what's going on? Edit: My IP is not listed in any blacklist. I own myhost.com, but I don't have an SPF record. I'll add one and update this post when the record has propagated. Edit 2: with the SPF added the email is now accepted and Hotmail adds a Authentication-Results: hotmail.com; sender-id=pass header to the email. However it gets classified as spam, but I guess that's another matter. Thanks for your help.

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• How do I improve my screen resolution in Windows Remote Desktop?

  - by Jeff

  I'm RDP'ing into a Win2K3 machine from a WinXP machine, and I cannot stand the low screen resolution I get on the Win2K3 box. Text is too large and the graphics/colors aren't very smooth. How do I improve this? If I right-click on the desktop of the remote machine and go to Properties - Settings, I see that the screen resolution is set to 1280x1024 (should be okay, I would think), and the color quality is Medium (16 bit) (not optimal) and I don't have the option to change either setting (because they're set in the .rdp file for the session, right?). If I move over to the Appearance tab, I see that font size is set to Normal, with no option to make it smaller. The thing is, these settings are close to what I have on the XP machine I'm RDP'ing in from. The only difference (in those settings) is the color quality, which is 32 bit. Any ideas on how I can improve the situation? Other tidbits: The graphics card on the Win2K3 machine is ATI ES1000. I think I have the latest drivers for it. I'm running VMware Workstation on the Win2K3 machine, and if I create a Win2K3 VM and RDP into it from the XP machine, the resolution is just fine.

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• Turn off monitor (energy saving) while in text console mode (in Linux)

  - by Denilson Sá

  How to configure Linux text console to automatically turn of the monitor after some time? And by "text console" I mean that thing that you get on ctrl+alt+F[1-6], which is what you get whenever X11 is not running. And, no, I'm not using any framebuffer console (it's a plain, good and old 80x25 text-mode). Many years ago, I was using Slackware Linux, and it used to boot up in text-mode. Then you would manually run startx after the login. Anyway, the main login "screen" was the plain text-mode console, and I remember that the monitor used to turn off (energy saving mode, indicated by a blinking LED) after some time. Now I'm using Gentoo, and I have a similar setup. The machine boots up in text-mode, and only rarely I need to run startx. I say this because this is mostly my personal Linux server, and there is no need to keep X11 running all the time. (which means: I don't want to use GDM/KDM or any other graphical login screen) But now, in this Gentoo text-mode console, the screen goes black after a while, but the monitor does not enter any energy-saving mode (the LED is always lit). Yes, I've waited long enough to verify this. Thus, my question is: how can I configure my current system to behave like the old one? In other words, how to make the text console trigger energy-saving mode of the monitor? (maybe I should (cross-)post this question to http://unix.stackexchange.com/ )

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• I can play "test" sounds, but no other audio works

  - by Callum

  I'm running Windows XP, and last night my PC was infected by a frustrating virus (one of those viruses that won't let you open virus checkers, etc). I finally killed it 2 hours later, but it involved some heavy duty anti-dote. One side effect is my audio is now gone. Except it's not entirely gone, because when I open the Realtek HD Audio Manager in the task bar, I can play all the "test" sounds. The speakers, the sound card, etc, are therefore working fine. But things like YouTube or Windows Media Player, there's no sound. I'm guessing there's a setting that needs to be reconfigured somewhere.. but where? Maybe relevant: One thing I did do last night was "play" with the system registry. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. SOLVED! The two hour battle with my computer virus resulted in my computer permanently thinking it was in Safe Mode, regardless of how it booted up. I was able to "fix" this by following the post by hsandler in this thread: http://www.petri.co.il/forums/showthread.php?t=23032&page=2 I then rebooted.. and let me tell you, the Windows Startup music has never sounded so sweet. Thanks to all, especially James, whose advice gave me a major clue as to what the problem was.

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• Installing Joomla on Windows Server 2008 with IIS 7.0

  - by Greg Zwaagstra

  Hi, I have been spending the past while trying to install Joomla on a server running Windows Server 2008. I have successfully installed PHP (using Microsoft's web tool for installing PHP with IIS) and MySQL and am now trying to run the browser-based installation. Everything comes up green, I fill in the appropriate information regarding the site name, MySQL information, etc. and no errors are thrown. However, when I get to the step that asks me to remove the installation directory, I am unable to do so as Windows states it is in use by another program (I cannot fathom how this is true). Also, there is no configuration.php file that is created so if I were to manage to delete this folder I have a feeling that there would be problems. I was thinking there was some kind of a permissions issue and have set the permissions for IIS_IUSRS to have read, write, and execute permissions for the entire folder that Joomla resides in but this has not helped. Any help in this matter is greatly appreciated. ;) Greg EDIT: I decided to try and manually install Joomla by manually editing the configuration.php file. This has worked great and now I am certain there is some kind of a permissions issue going on because I am able to do everything that involves the MySQL database (create an article, edit menu items, etc.), but anything that involves making changes to Joomla installation's directory does not work (install plugins, edit configuration settings using the Global Configuration menu within Joomla, etc.) I have granted IIS_IUSRS every permission except Full Control (reading on the Joomla! forums shows that this should be enough for everything to work). This is confusing to me and I am quite stuck on this problem. EDIT 2: The bizarre thing is that in the System Info under Directory Permissions, everything turns up as Writable but then whenever I try to actually use Joomla to, for example, edit the configuration.php file using the interface, it says it is unable to edit the file.

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM Timeouts, almost zero load consumption?

  - by javipas

  I've got a server running on a Linode with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, Nginx 0.7.65, MySQL 5.1.41 and PHP 5.3.2 with PHP-FPM. There is a WordPress blog on it, updated to WordPress 3.2.1 recently. I have made no changes to the server (except updating WordPress) and while it was running fine, a couple of days ago I started having downtimes. I tried to solve the problem, and checking the error_log I saw many timeouts and messages that seemed to be related to timeouts. The server is currently logging this kind of errors: 2011/07/14 10:37:35 [warn] 2539#0: *104 an upstream response is buffered to a temporary file /var/lib/nginx/fastcgi/2/00/0000000002 while reading upstream, client: 217.12.16.51, server: www.mydomain.com, request: "GET /page/2/ HTTP/1.0", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "www.mydomain.com", referrer: "http://www.mydomain.com/" 2011/07/14 10:40:24 [error] 2539#0: *231 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 46.24.245.181, server: www.mydomain.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "www.mydomain.com", referrer: "http://www.google.es/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=mydomain" and even saw this previous serverfault discussion with a possible solution: to edit /etc/php/etc/php-fpm.conf and change request_terminate_timeout=30s instead of ;request_terminate_timeout= 0 The server worked for some hours, and then broke again. I edited the file again to leave it as it was, and restarted again php-fpm (service php-fpm restart) but no luck: the server worked for a few minutes and back to the problem over and over. The strange thing is, although the services are running, htop shows there is no CPU load (see image) and I really don't know how to solve the problem. The config files are on pastebin The php-fpm.conf file is here The /etc/nginx/nginx.conf is here The /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.mydomain.com is here Please help :(

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• How to Re-install an App that Shows up in the Appstore as 'Update' Instead of 'Buy App'

  - by Craig Reville

  So long story short: I dropped the wrong app into 'clean my mac' and I hit 'cancel' but it was too late by that point. I rebooted and appstore said it had an update, when I opened appstore it was showing an update for the app I just uninstalled. I tried clicking 'update' but it gives me an error saying it's unable to install after 'downloading'. When I try to go into 'purchased apps' it shows the app as uninstalled so I click 'install' and I get an error saying it's already installed. I'm running Lion OS X, latest version, updated, mac book pro is only a few months old. I tried searching through the entire system to remove all traces of the app, after rebooting appstore no longer shows the app and no longer shows the update but on the apps page it still says 'Update'. I tried reinstalling the app from desktop OUT of the appstore and again says the app is 'already installed'. So after reading more about lion I found an article that spoke about 'BundleID' being the thing that tells appstore what's installed and needing updating however I can't find the location of where the BundleID would be. Any thoughts? I've tried CCleaner, AppCleaner etc and none of them show the app, mainly because it is uninstalled. Update I've spoken to Apple Support who confirmed that there is a file in the system that connects separately to tell the system if there are updates available however they declined to inform me of any further details. Apple also referred me from technical support to iTunes App Store opposed to Mac App Store support and from there I have been referred to AppleCare who are currently 'investigating' this issue. Hopefully there will be a fix that's simple to implement for people having similar issues, this appears to be a more common issue than I previously thought.

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• Which is more secure: Tomcat standalone or Tomcat behind Apache?

  - by NoozNooz42

  This question is not about performance, nor about load-balancing, etc. Which would be more secure: running Tomcat in standalone mode or running Tomcat behind apache? The thing is, Tomcat is written in Java and hence it is pretty much immune to buffer overrun/overflow (unless a buffer overrun in a C-written lib used by Tomcat can be triggered, but they're rare [the last I remember was in zlib, many many moons ago] and one heck of a hack to actually exploit), which gets rid of a lot of potential exploits. This page: http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ/Security has this to say: There have been no public cases of damage done to a company, organization, or individual due to a Tomcat security issue... there have been only theoretical vulnerabilities found. All of those were addressed even though there were no documented cases of actual exploitation of these vulnerabilities. This, combined with the fact that buffer overrun/overflow are pretty much non-existent in Java, makes me believe that Tomcat in standalone mode is pretty secure. In addition to that, I can install both Java and Tomcat on Linux without needing to be root. The only moment I need to be root is to set up a transparent port 8080 to port 80 forwarding (and 8443 to 443). Two iptables line as root, that's all root is needed for. (I don't know for Apache). Apache is much more used than Tomcat and definitely does not have a security track record as good as Tomcat. What would make Tomcat + Apache more secure? What would make Tomcat + Apache less secure? In short: which is more secure, Tomcat standalone or Tomcat with Apache? (remembering that performance aren't an issue here)

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• How does Windows 7 taskbar "color hot-tracking" feature calculate the colour to use?

  - by theyetiman

  This has intrigued me for quite some time. Does anyone know the algorithm Windows 7 Aero uses to determine the colour to use as the hot-tracking hover highlight on taskbar buttons for currently-running apps? It is definitely based on the icon of the app, but I can't see a specific pattern of where it's getting the colour value from. It doesn't seem to be any of the following: An average colour value from the entire icon, otherwise you would get brown all the time with multi-coloured icons like Chrome. The colour used the most in the image, otherwise you'd get yellow for the SQL Server Management Studio icon (6th from left). Also, the Chrome icon used red, green and yellow in equal measure. A colour located at certain pixel coordinates within the icon, because Chrome is red -indicating the top of the icon - and Notepad++ (2nd from right) is green - indicating the bottom of the icon. I asked this question on ux.stackoverflow.com and it got closed as off-topic, but someone answered with the following: As described by Raymond Chen in this MSDN blog article: Some people ask how it's done. It's really nothing special. The code just looks for the predominant color in the icon. (And, since visual designers are sticklers for this sort of thing, black, white, and shades of gray are not considered "colors" for the purpose of this calculation.) However I wasn't really satisfied with that answer because it doesn't explain how the "predominant" colour is calculated. Surely on the SQL Management Studio icon, the predominant colour, to my eyes at least, is yellow. Yet the highlight is green. I want to know, specifically, what the algorithm is.

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• Understanding RedHats recommended tuned profiles

  - by espenfjo

  We are going to roll out tuned (and numad) on ~1000 servers, the majority of them being VMware servers either on NetApp or 3Par storage. According to RedHats documentation we should choose the virtual-guestprofile. What it is doing can be seen here: tuned.conf We are changing the IO scheduler to NOOP as both VMware and the NetApp/3Par should do sufficient scheduling for us. However, after investigating a bit I am not sure why they are increasing vm.dirty_ratio and kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns. As far as I have understood increasing increasing vm.dirty_ratio to 40% will mean that for a server with 20GB ram, 8GB can be dirty at any given time unless vm.dirty_writeback_centisecsis hit first. And while flushing these 8GB all IO for the application will be blocked until the dirty pages are freed. Increasing the dirty_ratio would probably mean higher write performance at peaks as we now have a larger cache, but then again when the cache fills IO will be blocked for a considerably longer time (Several seconds). The other is why they are increasing the sched_min_granularity_ns. If I understand it correctly increasing this value will decrease the number of time slices per epoch(sched_latency_ns) meaning that running tasks will get more time to finish their work. I can understand this being a very good thing for applications with very few threads, but for eg. apache or other processes with a lot of threads would this not be counter-productive?

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• My linux server "Number of processes created" and "Context switches" are growing incredibly fast

  - by Jorge Fuentes González

  I have a strange behaviour in my server :-/. Is a OpenVZ VPS (I think is OpenVZ, because /proc/user_beancounters exists and df -h returns /dev/simfs drive. Also ifconfig returns venet0). When I do cat /proc/stat, I can see how each second about 50-100 processes are created and happens about 800k-1200k context switches! All that info is with the server completely idle, no traffic nor programs running. Top shows 0 load average and 100% idle CPU. I've closed all non-needed services (httpd, mysqld, sendmail, nagios, named...) and the problem still happens. I do ps -ALf each second too and I don't see any changes, only a new ps process is created each time and the PID is just the same as before + 1, so new processes are not created, so I thought that process growing in cat /proc/stat must be threads (Yes, seems that processes in /proc/stat counts threads creation too as this states: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8NLgzKEzHQQJ:www.linuxhowtos.org/System/procstat.htm&hl=es&tbo=d&gl=es&strip=1). I've changed to /proc dir and done cat [PID]\status with all PIDs listed with ls (Including kernel ones) and in any process voluntary_ctxt_switches nor nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches are growing at the same speed as cat /proc/stat does (just a few tens/second), Threads keeps the same also. I've done strace -p PID to all process too so I can see if any process is crating threads or something but the only process that has a bit of movement is ssh and that movement is read/write operations because of the data is sending to my terminal. After that, I've done vmstat -s and saw that forks is growing at the same speed processes in /proc/stat does. As http://linux.die.net/man/2/fork says, each fork() creates a new PID but my server PID is not growing! The last thing I can think of is that all process data that proc/stat and vmstat -s show is shared with all the other VPS stored in the same machine, but I don't know if that is correct... If someone can throw some light on this I would be really grateful.

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• Generating new SID for Windows 7 cloned partition in Linux?

  - by Jack

  So I've read that the proper way to clone a Windows 7 partition is to run a Sysprep after the clone is complete. For MANY reasons, this is not possible the way we are cloning these drives (long story short, the drive should be fully up and running after we clone it, with all the settings already there and requiring no user intervention; and no, not even an answer file would work because the way we customize all the Win7 settings is complex and we do not want the user touching the settings). I understand Microsoft will not support Windows 7 clones if it is not sysprepped and that is fine for us. Acronis recovery tools get around this by ticking an option called "Create new NT signature", which resets the SID and GUID on any restore. Symantec has a tool called Ghostwalker which does the same thing. However, we are looking for a way to do this in Linux because we want to use open source tools to do the imaging (fsarchiver, partclone, etc. basically the same tools Clonezilla uses internally to clone NTFS partitions). The question is, if we clone using these tools in Linux, how would we generate a new SID thereafter (without the use of sysprep)? Is there any way to do it within a Linux environment? The whole image process is automated so if it is a simple command that I can just throw in my shell script, that would be even better. Of course, it would be nice to know if this is even possible. Any ideas? EDIT: Forgot to mention that the target machines we are restoring the image on are EXACTLY the same.

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