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  • returning reference to a vector from a method and using its public members

    - by memC
    dear experts, I have a vector t_vec that stores references to instances of class Too. The code is shown below. In the main , I have a vector t_vec_2 which has the same memory address as B::t_vec. But when I try to access t_vec_2[0].val1 it gives error val1 not declared. Could you please point out what is wrong? Also, if you know of a better way to return a vector from a method, please let me know! Thanks in advance. class Too { public: Too(); ~Too(){}; int val1; }; Too::Too(){ val1 = 10; }; class B { public: vector<Too*> t_vec; Too* t1; vector<Too*>& get_tvec(); B(){t1 = new Too();}; ~B(){delete t1;}; }; vector<Too*>& B::get_tvec(){ t_vec.push_back(t1); return t_vec; } int main(){ B b; b = B(); vector<Too*>& t_vec_2 = b.get_tvec(); // Getting error std::cout << "\n val1 = " << t_vec_2[0].val1; return 0; }

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  • Proper way to reload a python module from the console

    - by ensnare
    I'm debugging from the python console and would like to reload a module every time I make a change so I don't have to exit the console and re-enter it. I'm doing: >>> from project.model.user import * >>> reload(user) but I receive: >>>NameError: name 'user' is not defined What is the proper way to reload the entire user class? Is there a better way to do this, perhaps auto-updating while debugging? Thanks.

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  • jQuery: Adding li element only if it not already there?

    - by Legend
    I am constructing an <li> element like this: var element = $("<li></li>") .html(mHTML) .attr('id', "elemid"); I am trying to add this element to a <ul> element only if it doesn't already exist. Any ideas on how to do this? Am I supposed to use contains() to see if the ul element contain the html and then decide? For instance, <ul id="elemul"> <li id="elemli1">Element 1</li> <li id="elemli2">Element 2</li> <li id="elemli3">Element 3</li> </ul> If I try adding Element 1, it should not add it. What should I do if its a longer string (not really long but about 150 characters). Do I go about using hashmaps?

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  • Python integer incrementing with ++

    - by Znarkus
    I've always laughed to myself when I looked back at my VB6 days, "What modern language doesn't allow incrementing with double plus signs?": number++ To my surprise I can't find anything about this in the Python docs. Must I really subject myself to number = number + 1? Doesn't people use the ++/-- notation? :-(

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  • do the Python libraries have a natural dependence on the global namespace?

    - by msw
    I first ran into this when trying to determine the relative performance of two generators: t = timeit.repeat('g.get()', setup='g = my_generator()') So I dug into the timeit module and found that the setup and statement are evaluated with their own private, initially empty namespaces so naturally the binding of g never becomes accessible to the g.get() statement. The obvious solution is to wrap them into a class, thus adding to the global namespace. I bumped into this again when attempting, in another project, to use the multiprocessing module to divide a task among workers. I even bundled everything nicely into a class but unfortunately the call pool.apply_async(runmc, arg) fails with a PicklingError because buried inside the work object that runmc instantiates is (effectively) an assignment: self.predicate = lambda x, y: x > y so the whole object can't be (understandably) pickled and whereas: def foo(x, y): return x > y pickle.dumps(foo) is fine, the sequence bar = lambda x, y: x > y yields True from callable(bar) and from type(bar), but it Can't pickle <function <lambda> at 0xb759b764>: it's not found as __main__.<lambda>. I've given only code fragments because I can easily fix these cases by merely pulling them out into module or object level defs. The bug here appears to be in my understanding of the semantics of namespace use in general. If the nature of the language requires that I create more def statements I'll happily do so; I fear that I'm missing an essential concept though. Why is there such a strong reliance on the global namespace? Or, what am I failing to understand? Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

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  • How to create conditions in mysql (use of 'if')?

    - by Audel
    This code works fine to find an available room within certain date, but it does not work to show a room that has been booked and canceled The "hotel" has 4 rooms and 1 of them has been booked an canceled So even if I make a cancelation, the select method keeps giving me 3 results. Maybe because the second AND is still running. So basically what I need is check if the room is booked in the selected dates if it has been booked, check if its canceled if it has been canceled, or not booked display it. Otherwise not   SELECT RoomNo, NightCost FROM room, room_types, booking WHERE typeid = fk1_typeid and double_bed=1 and single_bed=0 AND canceled = '1' in (SELECT canceled from booking, room_booking where bookingid = fk2_bookingid) AND RoomNo not in (SELECT fk1_RoomNo FROM room_booking WHERE '2010-04-02' between Check_in and Check_Out or '2010-04-03' between Check_in and Check_Out) ; I tried to be as clear as possible, i will be around to give more details if needed

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  • How do I create an NSArray with string literals?

    - by Kyle
    I'm attempting to create an NSArray with a grouping of string literals, however I get the compile error "Initializer element is not constant". NSArray *currencies = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Dollar", @"Euro", @"Pound", nil]; Could someone point out what I'm doing wrong, and possibly explain the error message?

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  • How to wrap a C function whose parameters are pointer to structs, so that it can be called from Lua?

    - by pierr
    I have the follwing C function. How should I wrap it so it can be called from a Lua script? typedef struct tagT{ int a ; int b ; } type_t; int lib_a_f_4(type_t *t) { return t->a * t->b ; } I know how to wrapr it if the function parameter type were int or char *. Should I use table type for a C structure? EDIT: I am using SWIG for the wraping , according to this doc, It seems that I should automatically have this funtion new_type_t(2,3) , but it is not the case. If you wrap a C structure, it is also mapped to a Lua userdata. By adding a metatable to the userdata, this provides a very natural interface. For example, struct Point{ int x,y; }; is used as follows: p=example.new_Point() p.x=3 p.y=5 print(p.x,p.y) 3 5 Similar access is provided for unions and the data members of C++ classes. C structures are created using a function new_Point(), but for C++ classes are created using just the name Point().

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  • Programming tutorials for people with zero experience

    - by www.aegisub.net
    A friend of mine is interested in learning how to program computers, but she knows nothing about programming. I suggested that Python might be a good language to start with, but after some googling, I couldn't find any tutorials that covered both programming and Python in an adequate way. I don't want her to go through the tiresome "learn algorithms in pseudocode first" routine. Instead, I'd like a tutorial that will explain the basic ideas while working towards a real goal, e.g. a very simple console game. Does anyone know of any such tutorials? Do you think that I'm mistaken in how I'm handling this? Is Python a bad choice? I know that something like C, C++ or Java won't work - too many details will be very counterproductive. On the other hand, I think that Lisp might be too mathematical and abstract. Python, on the other hand, will let her even do something like coding primitive graphical games in a short period of time.

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  • JavaScript: How is "function x() {}" different from "x = function() {}" ?

    - by jleedev
    In the answers to this question, we read that function f() {} defines the name locally, while [var] f = function() {} defines it globally. That makes perfect sense to me, but there's some strange behavior that's different between the two declarations. I made an HTML page with the script onload = function() { alert("hello"); } and it worked as expected. When I changed it to function onload() { alert("hello"); } nothing happened. (Firefox still fired the event, but WebKit, Opera, and Internet Explorer didn't, although frankly I've no idea which is correct.) In both cases (in all browsers), I could verify that both window.onload and onload were set to the function. In both cases, the global object this is set to the window, and I no matter how I write the declaration, the window object is receiving the property just fine. What's going on here? Why does one declaration work differently from the other? Is this a quirk of the JavaScript language, the DOM, or the interaction between the two?

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  • Help C++ifying this C style code.

    - by Flamewires
    Hey I'm used to developing in C and I would like to use C++ in a project. Can anyone give me an example of how I would translate this C-style code into C++ code. I know it should compile in a c++ complier but I'm talking using c++ techniques(I.e. classes, RAII) typedef struct Solution Solution; struct Solution { double x[30]; int itt_found; double value; }; Solution *NewSolution() { Solution *S = (Solution *)malloc(sizeof(Solution)); for (int i=0;<=30;i++) { S-x[i] = 0; } S-itt_found = -1; return S; } void FreeSolution(Solution *S) { if (S != NULL) free(S); } int main() { Solution *S = NewSolution(); S-value = eval(S-x);// evals is another function that returns a double S-itt_found = 0; FreeSolution(S); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } Ideally I would like to be able to so something like this in main, but I'm not sure exactly how to create the class, i've read a lot of stuff but incorporating it all together correctly seems a little hard atm. Solution S(30);//constructor that takes as an argument the size of the double array S.eval();//a method that would run eval on S.x[] and store result in S.value cout << S.value << endl; Ask if you need more info, thanks.

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  • How can I know whether my C++ string variable is a number or not

    - by user342580
    I have a string of class string string str; how can I check if it is a number or not, str can only have 3 possible types described below like abcd or a number like 123.4 or a number with a parenthesis attach to the end it for example 456) note the parenthesis at the end of "str" is the only possible combination of number and none number where the bottom two are considered valid numbers, I know I could use lexical_cast if only the first 2 cases occur, but how about considering all 3 possible cases to occur? I don't need to do anything fancy with str, I just need to know whether it is a valid number as I described

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  • Adding li element only if it not already there?

    - by Legend
    I am constructing an <li> element like this: var element = $("<li></li>") .html(mHTML) .attr('id', "elemid"); I am trying to add this element to a <ul> element only if it doesn't already exist. Any ideas on how to do this? Am I supposed to use contains() to see if the ul element contain the html and then decide? For instance, <ul id="elemul"> <li id="elemli1">Element 1</li> <li id="elemli2">Element 2</li> <li id="elemli3">Element 3</li> </ul> If I try adding Element 1, it should not add it. What should I do if its a longer string (not really long but about 150 characters). Note: I cannot rely on IDs to determine the uniqueness. i.e. I might end up forming something like: <li id="elemli3">Element 1</li> Do I go about using hashmaps?

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  • Filter some words

    - by bob
    I want to filter some reserved word on my title form. $adtitle = sanitize($_POST['title']); $ignore = array('sale','buy','rent'); if(in_array($adtitle, $ignore)) { $_SESSION['ignore_error'] = '<strong>'.$adtitle.'</strong> cannot be use as your title'; header('Location:/submit/'); exit; How to make something like this. If user type Car for sale the sale will detected as reserved keyword. Now my current code only detect single keyword only.

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  • Problem with foreach loop and $_GET

    - by phpExe
    I have a very simple foreach loop foreach($tv as $id => $channel) { $ID = $_GET['ID']; if($ID == $id){$class = "currentt";} echo '<a href="http://www.mysite.com/tst.php?ID='.$id.'" class="'.$class.'">'.$channel.'</a><br>'; } With url query, with every click the current class repeated. How can avoid this? Thanks alot.

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  • C++ HW - defining classes - objects that have objects of other class problem in header file (out of

    - by kitfuntastik
    This is my first time with much of this code. With this instancepool.h file below I get errors saying I can't use vector (line 14) or have instance& as a return type (line 20). It seems it can't use the instance objects despite the fact that I have included them. #ifndef _INSTANCEPOOL_H #define _INSTANCEPOOL_H #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class InstancePool { private: unsigned instances;//total number of instance objects vector<instance> ipp;//the collection of instance objects, held in a vector public: InstancePool();//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects InstancePool(const InstancePool& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to original should not affect the copy that was created. ~InstancePool();//Destructor unsigned getNumberOfInstances() const;//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. const instance& operator[](unsigned index) const; InstancePool& operator=(const InstancePool& right);//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the >> operator. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the << operator. }; #endif Here is the instance.h : #ifndef _INSTANCE_H #define _INSTANCE_H ///////////////////////////////#include "instancepool.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class Instance { private: string filenamee; bool categoryy; unsigned featuress; unsigned* featureIDD; unsigned* frequencyy; string* featuree; public: Instance (unsigned features = 0);//default constructor unsigned getNumberOfFeatures() const; //Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. Instance(const Instance& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to the original should not affect the copy that was created. ~Instance() { delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree;}//Destructor. void setCategory(bool category){categoryy = category;}//Sets the category of the message. Spam messages are represented with true and and legit messages with false.//easy bool getCategory() const;//Returns the category of the message. void setFileName(const string& filename){filenamee = filename;}//Stores the name of the file (i.e. “spam/spamsga1.txt”, like in 1st assignment) in which the message was initially stored.//const string& trick? string getFileName() const;//Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. void setFeature(unsigned i, const string& feature, unsigned featureID,unsigned frequency) {//i for array positions featuree[i] = feature; featureIDD[i] = featureID; frequencyy[i] = frequency; } string getFeature(unsigned i) const;//Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string unsigned getFeatureID(unsigned i) const;//Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. unsigned getFrequency(unsigned i) const;//Returns the frequency Instance& operator=(const Instance& right);//Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst);//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst);//Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. }; #endif Also, if it is helpful here is instance.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; Instance::Instance(unsigned features) { //Constructor that can be used as the default constructor. featuress = features; if (features == 0) return; featuree = new string[featuress]; // Dynamic memory allocation. featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; return; } unsigned Instance::getNumberOfFeatures() const {//Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. return featuress;} Instance::Instance(const Instance& original) {//Copy constructor. filenamee = original.filenamee; categoryy = original.categoryy; featuress = original.featuress; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = original.featuree[i]; } featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = original.featureIDD[i]; } frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = original.frequencyy[i];} } bool Instance::getCategory() const { //Returns the category of the message. return categoryy;} string Instance::getFileName() const { //Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. return filenamee;} string Instance::getFeature(unsigned i) const { //Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string return featuree[i];} unsigned Instance::getFeatureID(unsigned i) const { //Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. return featureIDD[i];} unsigned Instance::getFrequency(unsigned i) const { //Returns the frequency return frequencyy[i];} Instance& Instance::operator=(const Instance& right) { //Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. if(this == &right) return *this; delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree; filenamee = right.filenamee; categoryy = right.categoryy; featuress = right.featuress; featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = right.featureIDD[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = right.frequencyy[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = right.featuree[i]; } return *this; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst) {//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. out << endl << "<message file=" << '"' << inst.filenamee << '"' << " category="; if (inst.categoryy == 0) out << '"' << "legit" << '"'; else out << '"' << "spam" << '"'; out << " features=" << '"' << inst.featuress << '"' << ">" <<endl; for (int i = 0; i < inst.featuress; i++) { out << "<feature id=" << '"' << inst.featureIDD[i] << '"' << " freq=" << '"' << inst.frequencyy[i] << '"' << "> " << inst.featuree[i] << " </feature>"<< endl; } out << "</message>" << endl; return out; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst) { //Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. string word; string numbers = ""; string filenamee2 = ""; bool categoryy2 = 0; unsigned featuress2; string featuree2; unsigned featureIDD2; unsigned frequencyy2; unsigned i; unsigned y; while(in >> word) { if (word == "<message") {//if at beginning of message in >> word;//grab filename word for (y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//pull out filename from between quotes filenamee2 += word[y];} in >> word;//grab category word if (word[10] == 's') categoryy2 = 1; in >> word;//grab features word for (y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++) { numbers += word[y];} featuress2 = atoi(numbers.c_str());//convert string of numbers to integer Instance tempp2(featuress2);//make a temporary Instance object to hold values read in tempp2.setFileName(filenamee2);//set temp object to filename read in tempp2.setCategory(categoryy2); for (i=0; i<featuress2; i++) {//loop reading in feature reports for message in >> word >> word >> word;//skip two words numbers = "";//reset numbers string for (int y=4; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab feature ID numbers += word[y];} featureIDD2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;// numbers = ""; for (int y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab frequency numbers += word[y];} frequencyy2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;//grab actual feature string featuree2 = word; tempp2.setFeature(i, featuree2, featureIDD2, frequencyy2); }//all done reading in and setting features in >> word;//read in last part of message : </message> inst = tempp2;//set inst (reference) to tempp2 (tempp2 will be destroyed at end of function call) return in; } } } and instancepool.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instancepool.h" #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; InstancePool::InstancePool()//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects { instances = 0; ipp.clear(); } InstancePool::~InstancePool() { ipp.clear();} InstancePool::InstancePool(const InstancePool& original) {//Copy constructor. instances = original.instances; for (int i = 0; i<instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(original.ipp[i]); } } unsigned InstancePool::getNumberOfInstances() const {//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. return instances;} const Instance& InstancePool::operator[](unsigned index) const {//Overloading of the [] operator for InstancePool. return ipp[index];} InstancePool& InstancePool::operator=(const InstancePool& right) {//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. if(this == &right) return *this; ipp.clear(); instances = right.instances; for(unsigned i = 0; i < instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(right.ipp[i]); } return *this; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the >> operator. ip.ipp.clear(); string word; string numbers; int total;//int to hold total number of messages in collection while(in >> word) { if (word == "<messagecollection"){ in >> word;//reads in total number of all messages for (int y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++){ numbers = ""; numbers += word[y]; } total = atoi(numbers.c_str()); for (int x = 0; x<total; x++) {//do loop for each message in collection in >> ip.ipp[x];//use instance friend function and [] operator to fill in values and create Instance objects and read them intot he vector } } } } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the << operator. out << "<messagecollection messages=" << '"' << '>' << ip.instances << '"'<< endl << endl; for (int z=0; z<ip.instances; z++) { out << ip[z];} out << endl<<"</messagecollection>\n"; } This code is currently not writing to files correctly either at least, I'm sure it has many problems. I hope my posting of so much is not too much, and any help would be very much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • What is mod_php...?

    - by SpikETidE
    Hi everybody... First of all, Pardon this complete n00b question... While going through the zend tutorial here i came across the following statement... Note that the php_flag settings in .htaccess only work if you are using mod_php. Can someone explain what that means...??? Thanks and Regards....

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  • passing a class method as opposed to a function in std::sort

    - by memC
    hi, Within a class, I am trying to sort a vector, by passing a method of the same class. But it gives errors at the time of compilation. Can anyone tell what the problem is? Thank you! it gives the following error: argument of type bool (Sorter::)(D&, D&)' does not matchbool (Sorter::*)(D&, D&)' I have also tried using sortBynumber(D const& d1, D const& d2) #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> class D { public: int getNumber(); D(int val); ~D(){}; private: int num; }; D::D(int val){ num = val; }; int D::getNumber(){ return num; }; class Sorter { public: void doSorting(); bool sortByNumber(D& d1, D& d2); std::vector<D> vec_D; Sorter(); ~Sorter(){}; private: int num; }; Sorter::Sorter(){ int i; for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++){ vec_D.push_back(D(i)); } }; bool Sorter::sortByNumber(D& d1, D& d2){ return d1.getNumber() < d2.getNumber(); }; void Sorter::doSorting(){ std::sort(vec_D.begin(), vec_D.end(), this->sortByNumber); }; int main(){ Sorter s; s.doSorting(); std::cout << "\nPress RETURN to continue..."; std::cin.get(); return 0; }

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  • Understanding CGI and SQL security from the ground up

    - by Steve
    This question is for learning purposes. Suppose I am writing a simple SQL admin console using CGI and Python. At http://something.com/admin, this admin console should allow me to modify a SQL database (i.e., create and modify tables, and create and modify records) using an ordinary form. In the least secure case, anybody can access http://something.com/admin and modify the database. You can password protect http://something.com/admin. But once you start using the admin console, information is still transmitted in plain text. So then you use HTTPS to secure the transmitted data. Questions: To describe to a learner, how would you incrementally add security to the least secure environment in order to make it most secure? How would you modify/augment my three (possibly erroneous) steps above? What basic tools in Python make your steps possible? Optional: Now that I understand the process, how do sophisticated libraries and frameworks inherently achieve this level of security?

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