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• Is it possible to have environment variables in the path of the working directory : PS1?

  - by mthpvg

  I am on Lubuntu and I am using bash. My PS1 (in .bashrc) is : PS1="\w> " I like it because I need to paste the working directory all the time. The problem is that the path is always very long and since I use terminator I only have half of my screen's width available to display it... it is ugly and annoying. My command prompt looks like that : /this/is/a/very/long/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I'd like to set in my environment variables : $tiavl=/this/is/a/very/long And then I'll get : $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > The goal is to have something shorter in the command prompt but I still want to be able to copy paste it and do : cd $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter It is a bit like with $HOME : ~/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I know where I am and I can copy paste the ~. Thanks.

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• How can I get the comment of the current authorized_keys ssh key ?

  - by krosenvold

  Edit: What I really need to know WHICH ssh key from authorized_keys has been used to identify the currently logged on user. According to "man sshd": Protocol 2 public key consist of options, keytype, base64-encoded key, comment. I see that when I use ssh-keygen, the comment is usually the local identity of the user. Is there any way to access this value when I'm on the remote computer ? (Kind of like the SSH_CLIENT shell variable) (Assuming I enforce the comment to be a remote identity of some sort, I would like to log this from a shell-script! This is on ubuntu)

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• What are possible security issues with an SSH daemon?

  - by Zhenya

  I'd like to be able to SSH to my Ubuntu 10.04 office PC from the outside. I am thus thinking to start up an SSH daemon on the PC. What are the security issues, possible glitches, specific configuration settings, etc. I should be aware of? In case it matters: this is essentially for my own use only, I don't think there will be other people using it; it's an Ubuntu 10.04 PC in a mostly Windows 7/Vista/XP environment.

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• If I run this command, will my Apache2 still work?

  - by Alex

  sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/deflate.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ sudo service apache2 restart Basically I just want to turn on gzip for Apache2. I don't want to break anything!! Please, tell me that nothing will break when I run these commands.

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• What package(s) to exclude to not upgrade from RHEL 5.3 to 5.5?

  - by yan bellavance

  I know how to exclude certain packages when updating RHEL like: yum update --exclude=kernel How would I prevent yum from updating from 5.3 to 5.5

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• Allowing ssh in iptables

  - by sat

  I am doing iptables firewall configuration. Actually, I need to allow ssh connection only from particular IP. But, It is blocking the ssh connection. I used the below commands. sat:~# iptables -F sat:~# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s src_ip_address -d my_ip_address --dport 22 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT sat:~# iptables -A INPUT -j DROP sat:~# iptables -nL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- src_ip_address my_ip_address tcp dpt:22 state NEW,ESTABLISHED DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination If I try to connect from src_ip_address to my_ip_address, it is blocking the connection. Even, It is blocking from my_ip_address to src_ip_address . I haven't put any rules for OUTPUT chain. What is wrong with my commands? How to allow ssh in iptables?

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• what are the components you can install on RHEL?

  - by user16654

  I just got a question from a customer(actually from a customer to my manager then to me) and he is asking the following question: What are the components that were installed with RHEL? It may sound like a silly question but to me it sounds vague. The main thing I am thinking about now is during install you can select three components: webserver software development and virtualisation. Could they be asking fro something else?

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• how can I change the domain and name server of a image?

  - by jpganz18

  I wonder if someone did the same, I create an image of a server, then I move it to another , and that other one will have a different domain, so, now I want to create and send mail with the new domain, still the other domain is the one who signs... I already changed the dovecot.cnf , postfix, apache and hosts file, but I cant find where is that domain comming from, any idea of where to look for? Thanks!

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• Restarting services shortcut on FreeBSD

  - by eugene y

  I want to start/stop services from /usr/local/etc/rc.d in the RHEL way, e.g. service apache restart service mysql restart How can I set this up on FreeBSD?

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• Firefox: Is it possible to disable exit alerts?

  - by Hayek

  Sometimes the website will show an alert box akin to "Are you sure you want to leave?" when you try to leave the site. Is it possible to disable this from happening, without using something like the NoScript extension?

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• What is the procedure to replace a failing hard drive in a RAID array?

  - by slayton

  3 years ago a co-worker setup a software RAID-6 array on Ubuntu 9.04 and I'm getting messages from the OS that the drive has bad sectors and should be replaced. I'd like to remove this drive and replace it with a new drive, however, I have never done this before and I'm terrified that in the process of fixing the array I'm going to end up ruining it. I know the device ID of the array and I know the device IDs of the individual drives in the array. Additionally I physically have the bad drive. What are the steps to replace the bad drive with a new drive and get the array running again?

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• Disaster - partitions lost, data seemingly alive, how to recover?

  - by a2h

  I've used TestDisk and it's written my old partition structure of a ~20GiB partition for Vista, ~25GiB partition for 7 (but it now shows up as unallocated) and a ~400GiB partition for documents. What it's meant to be is a 30GiB partition for 7, some unallocated space, and a ~400GiB partition for documents. So currently, I have access to all my documents, but not any of the programs I've installed on C:, or AppData, because my boot partition is now supposedly a 20GB vista partition. I've tried using my Windows 7 install disc's repair function, but that did nothing beyond wasting about 10 minutes of my time. I'm currently posting from an Ubuntu live CD. Any help?

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• Ubuntu stops auto-mounting flash drive

  - by Brian

  It seems that after being up for a few days, my Ubuntu system refuses to auto-mount hot-plugged USB disks (i.e. flash drives). The output from dmesg shows that the kernel recognizes the device correctly. The only solution I'm aware of at the moment is to reboot (logging out may work as well, but the impact is the same since I have a bunch of stuff open and it takes a few minutes to get everything situated after startup/login). I thought gvfs-fuse-daemon was the thing responsible for managing filesystems in userspace, but killing and restarting that doesn't help. Any other ideas?

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• What is the best time to set the IP address for a server headed to a server colocation facility?

  - by jim_m_somewhere

  What is the best time to set the IP address for a server? I have a server that I am going to install the OS on and then I am going to send it to a server colocation facility. The server is going to have Internet facing services (www, email, etc.) I can set up a "fake" IP address during install (by fake I mean private as in RFC 1918) and change the "fake" IPs to the real IPs once I set up the colocation service. The other option is to set up the colocation service...wait for them to give me the "real" IPs and use them during the OS install. The ramification are that...if I use "fake" IPs during install...I will have to wait before I set up things like SSL certs. If I wait for IPs from the colocation provider...then I can set up SSL certs that use the "correct" (as in "real") IP addresses...no changes to the certs until they expire. Do the "gotchas" of changing an IP address on a server outweigh the benefits of a quick install? The other danger with using "fake" IPs is that I could make a mistake when I go through the various files to change the IP address to the "live" IP address. Server OS: CentOS 6.2 or CentOS 6.3, 64 bit. Apps: Apache 2.4.X httpd, MySQL 5.X (will eventually use replication)

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• Report: What's Really Inside the Red Hat Linux Kernel?

  Sitting at the heart of every Linux OS distribution is a Linux kernel. When it comes to the upcoming Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6 release, the issue of which kernel is being used is not a cut and dried answer, however.

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• How can I access another user's home?

  - by Jason94

  I'm on a network where I have the rights, but how do I do it? I've been asked to look up another user's aliases for reference.

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• Refresh NFS mount

  - by HayekSplosives

  If I check an NFS share on a machine and ls I get the folders. If I got to the NFS host and add a new directory to /etc/exports for the client and do exportfs -a what do I run on the client to refresh the directories? Example (pseudoish): nfsNode01: echo "/share clientNode01 >> /etc/exports"; exportfs -a; clientNode01: cd /share; ls; nfsNode01: echo "/share/folder clientNode01 >> /etc/exports"; exportfs -a; clientNode01: ls; Results as still the same as above. If I reboot the /share/folder shares are there. I know there has to be a way to refresh that info from NFS. I'm sure if I let the connection wait long enough the next time I mounted /dsl would do it. Can I just umount/mount or is there a better way?

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• How to I configure a swap partition using swapspace

  - by jcalfee314

  I finally have the swapspace project installed and running (via init.d). The purpose is to have a dynamically re-sizing swap partition. I'm clueless however on how to use it. It has good documentation but just does not go into that last step. How to I configure a swap partition using swapspace? The process is probably the same for any 3rd party program that would provide a swap space implementation to the kernel. I know this was intended to run as a process because the project provides an init.d script.

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• other ways to change splash screen

  - by gcc

  I want change my splash screen .But when I download any splash screen packet in computer , I cannot install them .Every time ,computer gives me same warning "that packet is not a format wanted" -warning like this- I am asking "are there any other way to install splash screen?". note : I am also used 'Art manager' but it did not work properly.

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• I lost /dev/md2 on my server

  - by sten

  Hi, My 2 hard drives fried at the same moment apparently. My host company rebooted my server in rescue mode and I am trying to recover my data. They told me to mount /dev/sda2 to recover the data I need but, looking at a similar server that I have in pool, the data I'm looking for should be instead in /dev/md2. I can find /dev/md0 but not /dev/md2 (nor /dev/md1). I've looked on several places on the web and I could only find messages explaining how to create new partition. I just need to recover some data, not all of it and I'll be glad if anyone could help me to mount the /dev/md2 folder (or any other trick that would allow me to recover the data that was stored there). Thanks in advance, Sten

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• unix screen logging change filename to window name

  - by zack

  I know its possible to change the name of the logfile with "set filename" I'd like to have screen write its log files to the name of the window. how can I accomplish this ?

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• how to know which display number for the variable DISPLAY to be exported when ssh to server

  - by insidepower

  When i ssh to server using -X, i always confuse about which display number i should export. It seems to me sometimes the display number has been used by something, so what i can do is only export DISPLAY=localhost:0 && xclock export DISPLAY=localhost:1 && xclock export DISPLAY=localhost:2 && xclock export DISPLAY=localhost:... until the clock appear. Then i will use that display number. Each time log in to the server, the display number which is able to tunnel the gui data correct would be different. I know many of such similar questions has been asked and answer. However I couldn't find answer to my question, anyone know about it? Thanks!

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• How to diagnose computer freezing problem

  - by reinierpost

  I have a laptop (a Medion from Aldi) that tends to hang quite often - so often, in fact, that several attempts to install Windows XP or Ubuntu on it have all failed. However, I am able to boot and run Ubuntu as found on the standard Ubuntu 10.10 installation image. I have done this two times thus far. The first time everything was running smoothly, until at some point the GUI (i.e. X) became unresponsive. The cursor kept moving with the mouse, but menus would no longer show and clicking things no longer produced any response. So I switched to the consoles (Ctrl-F1, Ctrl-F2, etc., which in this setup automatically run shells. The shells were still responsive, and the cd command would still work, but any command that invoked an executable (e.g. /bin/ls or cd /bin; ./find caused the shell to hang up uninterruptibly. My hypothesis was that all attempts at disk access were hanging up, but I didn't actually try a command like echo /proc/$$ or while read line; do echo $line; done < /var/log/syslog to verify this. Another possibility is that an essential system library is cached in memory and somehow failing to function properly. The second time I left the system running overnight and it didn't hang itself spontaneously. I'm not sure I have the patience to just twiddle with the running system until the condition reappears, and I'm, not sure what to do once it does. Clearly we can rule out a software cause. It seems disk access related, but clearly it's not permanent hard disk failure because the system will reboot just fine. What kind of hardware problem might produce these symptoms? Can it be a memory problem?

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• Changing the name of a binary packaged application and its evoking command

  - by jerkstore

  I have taken the source code of a large project, App A, and made many modifications to it to produce my version, App B. Both App A and App B compile cleanly on Debian and Red Hat and now I would like to build binary packages for both platforms. The last modification I need to make is ensuring App B can be installed alongside App A without any interference. I should be able to evoke both application-a and application-b in the terminal and have both be listed as separate software in whatever desktop environment is present. The projects have a debian/ folder (containing rules, control, etc.) and an rpm/ folder containing a SPEC file. Currently, building and installing the .rpm and .deb packages works except that App B is recognized as App A and therefore does not meet the aforementioned requirements. ldd shows the programs have the same exact dependencies and I am not able to pursue static linking of libraries. What modifications do I need to make to my project to achieve the desired outcome? Please be specific as I do not have much experience with the packaging process.

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• Why are no application folders being created in home folder?

  - by person

  For example, when I do something like... sudo apt-get install vim No .vim folder is created in the home folder.

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