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  • tproxy squid bridge very slow when cache is full

    - by Roberto
    I have installed a bridge tproxy proxy in a fast server with 8GB ram. The traffic is around 60Mb/s. When I start for first time the proxy (with the cache empty) the proxy works very well but when the cache becomes full (few hours later) the bridge goes very slow, the traffic goes below 10Mb/s and the proxy server becomes unusable. Any hints of what may be happening? I'm using: linux-2.6.30.10 iptables-1.4.3.2 squid-3.1.1 compiled with these options: ./configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --datadir=/usr/share --localstatedir=/var/lib --sysconfdir=/etc/squid --libexecdir=/usr/libexec/squid --localstatedir=/var --datadir=/usr/share/squid --enable-removal-policies=lru,heap --enable-icmp --disable-ident-lookups --enable-cache-digests --enable-delay-pools --enable-arp-acl --with-pthreads --with-large-files --enable-htcp --enable-carp --enable-follow-x-forwarded-for --enable-snmp --enable-ssl --enable-async-io=32 --enable-linux-netfilter --enable-epoll --disable-poll --with-maxfd=16384 --enable-err-languages=Spanish --enable-default-err-language=Spanish My squid.conf: cache_mem 100 MB memory_pools off acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 acl localhost src ::1/128 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 acl to_localhost dst ::1/128 acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl net-g1 src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24 acl SSL_ports port 443 acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl CONNECT method CONNECT http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow net-g1 from where browsing should be allowed http_access allow localnet http_access allow localhost http_access deny all http_port 3128 http_port 3129 tproxy hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 8000 16 256 access_log none cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log coredump_dir /var/spool/squid refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern . I have this issue when the cache is full, but do not really know if it is because of that. Thanks in advance and sorry my english. roberto

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  • OSX 10.6.6 SSH md5 break-in check

    - by Alex
    Information Recently one of the linux servers that I access was compromised to steal passwords and ssh keys using a modified ssh binary. This lead me to question if the attacker had compromised my OSX Laptop which had ssh access turned on. A sophos virus scan turned up nothing, and I did not have rkhunter installed before the attack, so I could not compare hashes of the system binaries to be sure. However because OSX is relatively standard for each of their major releases, I asked fiends for md5 hashes md5 /usr/bin/ssh and md5 /usr/sbin/sshd as a basic first check to see if there was anything different about my machine. A few emails later I have found the following data: Version (Arch) [N] MD5 (/usr/bin/ssh) MD5 (/usr/sbin/sshd) OSX 10.5.8 (PPC) [3] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.5.8 (intel) [5] 1e9fd483eef23464ec61c815f7984d61 9d32a36294565368728c18de466e69f1 OSX 10.6.x (intel) [7] 591fbe723011c17b6ce41c537353b059 e781fad4fc86cf652f6df22106e0bf0e OSX 10.6.x (intel) [4] 58be068ad5e575c303ec348a1c71d48b 33dafd419194b04a558c8404b484f650 Mine 10.6.6 (intel) df344cc00a294c91230c65e8b7332a79 b5094ccf4cd074aaf573d4f5df75906a where N is the number of machines with with that MD5, and the last row is my laptop. The sample is relatively heterogeneous spaning a few years of different makes and models of Apples, and different versions of 10.6.x. The different hash for my system made me worried that these binaries might have been compromised. So I made sure that my backup for the week was good, and dived into formatting my system and reinstalling OSX. After reinstalling OSX from the manufacturer DVD, I found that the MD5 hash did not change for either ssh, or sshd. Goal Make sure that my system is does not have any malicious software. Should I be worried that this base install of OSX (with no other software installed) has been compromised? I have also updated my system to 10.6.6 and found no change as well. Other Information I am not sure if this is helpful information, but my laptop is a i7 15 inch MacBook Pro bought in Nov 2010, and here is some output from system_profiler: System Software Overview: System Version: Mac OS X 10.6.6 (10J567) Kernel Version: Darwin 10.6.0 64-bit Kernel and Extensions: No Time since boot: 1:37 Hardware: Hardware Overview: Model Name: MacBook Model Identifier: MacBook6,2 Processor Name: Intel Core i7 Processor Speed: 2.66 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache (per core): 256 KB L3 Cache: 4 MB Memory: 4 GB Processor Interconnect Speed: 4.8 GT/s Boot ROM Version: MBP61.0057.B0C SMC Version (system): 1.58f16 Sudden Motion Sensor: State: Enabled On the laptop, I find: $ codesign -vvv /usr/bin/ssh /usr/bin/ssh: valid on disk /usr/bin/ssh: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ codesign -vvv /usr/sbin/sshd /usr/sbin/sshd: valid on disk /usr/sbin/sshd: satisfies its Designated Requirement $ ls -la /usr/bin/ssh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1001520 Feb 11 2010 /usr/bin/ssh $ ls -la /usr/sbin/sshd -rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1304800 Feb 11 2010 /usr/sbin/sshd $ ls -la /sbin/md5 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 65232 May 18 2009 /sbin/md5 Update So far I have not gotten an answer about this question, but if you could help by increasing the number of hashes that I can compare against, that would be great. To get hashes, and version numbers, run the following on osx: md5 /usr/bin/ssh md5 /usr/sbin/sshd ssh -V sw_vers

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  • Data loss through permissions change?

    - by charliehorse55
    I seem to have deleted some files on my media drive, simply by changing the permissions. The Story I have many operating systems installed on my computer, and constantly switch between them. I bought a 1TB HD and formatted it as HFS+ (not journaled). It worked well between OSX and all of my linux installations while having much better metadata support than NTFS. I never synced the UIDs for my operating systems so the permissions were always doing funny things. Yesterday I tried to fix the permissions by first changing the UIDs of the other operating systems to match OSX, and then changing the file ownership of all files on the drive to match OSX. About 50% of the files on the drive were originally owned by OSX, the other half were owned by the various linux installations. I started to try and change the file permissions for the folders, and that's when it went south. The Commands These commands were run recursively on the one section of the drive. sudo chflags nouchg sudo chflags -N sudo chown myusername sudo chmod 666 sudo chgrp staff The Bad Sometime during the execution of these commands, all of the files belonging to OSX were deleted. If a folder had linux based files it would remain intact but any folder containing exclusively OSX files was erased. If a folder containing linux files also contained a subfolder with only OSX files, the sub folder would remain but is inaccesible and displays a file size of 0 bytes. Luckily these commands were only run on the videos folder, I also have a music folder with the same issue but I did not execute any of these commands on it. Effectively I have examples of the file permissions for all 3 states - the linux files before and after, and the OSX files before. OSX File Before -rw-r--r--@ 1 charliehorse 1000 3634241 15 Nov 2008 /path/to/file com.apple.FinderInfo 32 Linux File before: -rw-r--r--@ 1 charliehorse 1000 5321776 20 Sep 2002 /path/to/file/ com.apple.FinderInfo 32 Linux File After (Read only): (Different file, but I believe the same permissions originally) -rw-rw-rw-@ 1 charliehorse staff 366982610 17 Jun 2008 /path/to/file com.apple.FinderInfo 32 These files still exist so if there are any other commands to run on them to determine what has happened here, I can do that. EDIT Running ls on one of the "empty" deleted OSX folders yields this: ls: .: Permission denied ls: ..: Permission denied ls: subdirA: Permission denied ls: subdirB: Permission denied ls: subdirC: Permission denied ls: subdirD: Permission denied I believe my files might still be there, but the permissions are screwed.

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  • Can't get Passwordless (SSH provided) SFTP working

    - by Shoaibi
    I have chrooted sftp setup as below. # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin without-password StrictModes yes AllowGroups admins clients RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* #Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes Subsystem sftp internal-sftp Match group clients ChrootDirectory /var/chroot-home X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp a dummy user root:~# tail -n1 /etc/passwd david:x:1000:1001::/david:/bin/sh Now in this case david can sftp using say filezilla client and he is chrooted to /var/chroot-home/david/. But what if i was to setup a passwordless auth? I have tried pasting his key in /var/chroot-home/david/.ssh/authorized_keys but no use, tried ssh'ing as david to the box and it just stops at "debug1: Sending env LC_CTYPE = C" after i supply it password and there is nothing shown in auth.log, may be because it can't find the homedir. If i do "su - david" as root i see "No directory, logging in with HOME=/" which makes sense. Symlink doesn't help either. I have also tried with: Match group clients ChrootDirectory /var/chroot-home/%u X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp a dummy user root:~# tail -n1 /etc/passwd david:x:1000:1001::/var/chroot-home/david:/bin/sh This way if i don't change /var/chroot-home/david to root:root sshd complains about bad ownership or permission modes, and if i do, david can no longer upload/delete anything directly in his home while using sftp from filezilla.

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  • Need to increase nginx throughput to an upstream unix socket -- linux kernel tuning?

    - by Ben Lee
    I am running an nginx server that acts as a proxy to an upstream unix socket, like this: upstream app_server { server unix:/tmp/app.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen ###.###.###.###; server_name whatever.server; root /web/root; try_files $uri @app; location @app { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://app_server; } } Some app server processes, in turn, pull requests off /tmp/app.sock as they become available. The particular app server in use here is Unicorn, but I don't think that's relevant to this question. The issue is, it just seems that past a certain amount of load, nginx can't get requests through the socket at a fast enough rate. It doesn't matter how many app server processes I set up, it doesn't even matter what the app is (tried it with a dummy app with just a single endpoint that returned an empty page with status 404). The bottleneck seems to be the socket, not the app. I'm getting a flood of these messages in the nginx error log: connect() to unix:/tmp/app.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream Many requests result in status code 502, and those that don't take a long time to complete. The nginx write queue stat hovers around 1000. Anyway, I feel like I'm missing something obvious here, because this particular configuration of nginx and app server is pretty common, especially with Unicorn (it's the recommended method in fact). Are there any linux kernel options that needs to be set, or something in nginx? Any ideas about how to increase the throughput to the upstream socket? Something that I'm clearly doing wrong? Additional information on the environment: $ uname -a Linux app1 3.2.0-24-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 16:52:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ ruby -v ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 revision 35410) [x86_64-linux] $ unicorn -v unicorn v4.3.1 $ nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.1 built by gcc 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) TLS SNI support enabled Current kernel tweaks: net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16777216 16777216 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.route.flush = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 8192 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 131072

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  • missing files after reassemble of RAID-5

    - by Kris_R
    I had to open my file-server's housing on Sunday to replace a faulty fan. What I didn't see was that one of the sata-cables was not properly connected. The 1st thing I did after a reboot was a check of the RAID status and it showed immediately that one drive is missing. Till this moment the device was not used (however it was mounted, so I'm not 100% sure that system did nothing). I stopped md0 and re-plugged the cable: mdadm --stop /dev/md0 poweroff After another reboot I checked the removed drive: mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1 ... Checksum : 3276bc1d - correct Events : 315782 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 32K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1 0 0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1 1 1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1 2 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 3 8 17 3 active sync /dev/sdb1 I was a bit surprised that it was shown as active (even if earlier mdadm said, that this device was removed from array) and its checksum was OK. I recreated RAID with: mdadm --assemble /dev/md0 --scan The command mdadm --detail /dev/md0 showed that all drives were running and system was in "clean" state. I mounted the device md0 and then came hic-cup. I wanted to work on one of the last files that I had been using before all the situation and it was not there. In another place I missed actually all files from the directory where I was working. As far as I can see most of the files that are older than a few days are intact but some newer ones are missing. Now the big question: what would be your advice? Is there a way to get these data? I thought about removing the drive that was earlier labeled by mdadm and rebuild array with another empty HDD. I've found that after re-assemble the "broken" drive has another label (changed from sdd to sdb). Can this have influence on rebuilt process? If yes, how to reassemble the array properly? I'm sure the SATA-cables are connected still in the same order to the controller. p.s. Please no advises like "restore from backup". I'm doing back-ups on Sunday's night and this happened in the late afternoon, so backup is not really options for me. p.s.s. I asked this question on Unix&Linux but no answer came up during last two days. I'm getting quite anxious. Sorry for duplicating if any of you reading the other forum.

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  • Logrotate not doing any rotation

    - by blizz
    I just set up LogRotate on my RHEL6 server so that it rotates my custom Apache log files. However, it doesn't do anything when i try manually running it. I expect it to rotate the log files "access.log" and "err.log". They have been there for a few days and need to be rotated. Here is the output: [root@pc1 httpd]# logrotate -d -f /etc/logrotate.d/apache reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/apache reading config info for /var/log/httpd/*log /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log Handling 1 logs rotating pattern: /var/log/httpd/*log /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log forced from command line (no old logs will be kept) empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed considering log /var/log/httpd/access_log log needs rotating considering log /var/log/httpd/error_log log needs rotating considering log /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log log needs rotating considering log /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log log needs rotating rotating log /var/log/httpd/access_log, log->rotateCount is 0 dateext suffix '-20131023' glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' glob finding old rotated logs failed fscreate context set to unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_log_t:s0 renaming /var/log/httpd/access_log to /var/log/httpd/access_log-20131023 disposeName will be /var/log/httpd/access_log-20131023.gz running postrotate script running script with arg /var/log/httpd/access_log: " /usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd " compressing log with: /bin/gzip removing old log /var/log/httpd/access_log-20131023.gz error: error opening /var/log/httpd/access_log-20131023.gz: No such file or directory rotating log /var/log/httpd/error_log, log->rotateCount is 0 dateext suffix '-20131023' glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' glob finding old rotated logs failed fscreate context set to unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_log_t:s0 renaming /var/log/httpd/error_log to /var/log/httpd/error_log-20131023 disposeName will be /var/log/httpd/error_log-20131023.gz running postrotate script running script with arg /var/log/httpd/error_log: " /usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd " compressing log with: /bin/gzip removing old log /var/log/httpd/error_log-20131023.gz error: error opening /var/log/httpd/error_log-20131023.gz: No such file or directory rotating log /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log, log->rotateCount is 0 dateext suffix '-20131023' glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' glob finding old rotated logs failed fscreate context set to unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 renaming /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log to /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log-20131023 disposeName will be /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log-20131023.gz running postrotate script running script with arg /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log: " /usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd " compressing log with: /bin/gzip removing old log /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log-20131023.gz error: error opening /var/www/html/NSLogs/access.log-20131023.gz: No such file or directory rotating log /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log, log->rotateCount is 0 dateext suffix '-20131023' glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' glob finding old rotated logs failed fscreate context set to unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_rw_content_t:s0 renaming /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log to /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log-20131023 disposeName will be /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log-20131023.gz running postrotate script running script with arg /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log: " /usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd " compressing log with: /bin/gzip removing old log /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log-20131023.gz error: error opening /var/www/html/NSErrorLogs/err.log-20131023.gz: No such file or directory

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  • can not connect through SCP, but SSH connections works

    - by Joe Cabezas
    i am trying to connect to my server to transfer file using scp: $ scp -v -r -P <port> <user>@<host>:~/dir/ dir/ this is the output: OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/joe/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to <host> [<host>] port <port>. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/joe/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host but connecting via SSH works fine: $ ssh <user>@<host> -p <port> <user>@<host>'s password: <user>@<host>:~$ OK what can be wrong with this? my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on the host is: # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port <port> # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication no #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords #PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and # PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration, # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password". # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'. UsePAM yes

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  • libvirt qemu/kvm migration problem

    - by Panda
    I am using kvm and libvirt on my Dell server. Now i am trying to migrate one virtual machine from a physical server to another. However, I failed everytime. In virsh on physicalServer1, I typed: virsh # migrate virtualmachine1 qemu+ssh://username@physicalServer2/system error: operation failed: migration to 'tcp:physicalServer2:49163' failed: migration failed Then I searched FAQ part on libvirt.org. It says: error: operation failed: migration to '...' failed: migration failed This is an error often encountered when trying to migrate with QEMU/KVM. This typically happens with plain migration, when the source VM cannot connect to the destination host. You will want to make sure your hosts are properly configured for migration (see the migration section of this FAQ) I managed to ssh physicalServer2 from a shell on virtualmachine1 so the above red part did not explain my failure. I also open ports on physicalServer2, iptables -L shows following information: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:bootps ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpts:49152:49215 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination The /var/log/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.log on physicalServer2: 2011-05-06 13:37:30.708: starting up LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.14 -enable-kvm -m 2048 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name openjudge-test -uuid a8c704bc-a4f9-90db-3e57-40e60b00aac1 -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=readline -rtc base=utc -boot c -drive file=/media/nfs/virtualmachine1.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:16:36:8a:22 :a0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -usb -vnc 127.0.0.1:2 -vga cirrus -incoming tcp:0.0.0.0:49163 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 char device redirected to /dev/pts/0 2011-05-06 13:37:30.915: shutting down The /var/log/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.log on physicalServer1 is empty. Both physical servers are using Ubuntu 11.04. The libvirt and kvm used are installed by apt-get. The libvirt version is 0.8.8.

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  • Postfix not delivering email using Maildir

    - by Greg K
    I've followed this guide to get postfix set up. I've not completed it yet, as from sending test emails, email is no longer being delivered since switching to Maildir from mbox. I have created a Maildir directory with cur, new and tmp sub directories. ~$ ll drwxrwxr-x 5 greg greg 4096 2012-07-07 16:40 Maildir/ ~$ ll Maildir/ drwxrwxr-x 2 greg greg 4096 2012-07-07 16:40 cur drwxrwxr-x 2 greg greg 4096 2012-07-07 16:40 new drwxrwxr-x 2 greg greg 4096 2012-07-07 16:40 tmp Send a test email. ~$ netcat mail.example.com 25 220 ubuntu ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo example.com 250-ubuntu 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from: [email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to: [email protected] 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Subject: test email Hi, Just testing. . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 56B541EA53 quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Check the mail queue. ~$ mailq Mail queue is empty Check if mail has been delivered. ~$ ls -l Maildir/new total 0 Some postfix settings: ~$ sudo postconf home_mailbox home_mailbox = Maildir/ ~$ sudo postconf mailbox_command mailbox_command = /var/log/mail.log Jul 7 16:57:33 li305-246 postfix/smtpd[21039]: connect from example.com[178.79.168.xxx] Jul 7 16:58:14 li305-246 postfix/smtpd[21039]: 56B541EA53: client=example.com[178.79.168.xxx] Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/cleanup[21042]: 56B541EA53: message-id=<20120707155814.56B541EA53@ubuntu> Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/qmgr[20882]: 56B541EA53: from=<[email protected]>, size=321, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/smtp[21043]: 56B541EA53: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=30, delays=30/0.01/0/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for example.com loops back to myself) Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/cleanup[21042]: 1F68B1EA55: message-id=<20120707155833.1F68B1EA55@ubuntu> Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/bounce[21044]: 56B541EA53: sender non-delivery notification: 1F68B1EA55 Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/qmgr[20882]: 1F68B1EA55: from=<>, size=1999, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/qmgr[20882]: 56B541EA53: removed Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/smtp[21043]: 1F68B1EA55: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=5.4.6, status=bounced (mail for example.com loops back to myself) Jul 7 16:58:33 li305-246 postfix/qmgr[20882]: 1F68B1EA55: removed Jul 7 16:58:36 li305-246 postfix/smtpd[21039]: disconnect from domain.me[178.79.168.xxx] Jul 7 17:10:38 li305-246 postfix/master[20878]: terminating on signal 15 Jul 7 17:10:39 li305-246 postfix/master[21254]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix Any ideas?

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  • EC2 Filesystem / Files stored on the wrong partiton after launching new instance from AMI

    - by Philip Isaacs
    Today I set up a new EC2 Instance from and AMI I created from an older EC2 instance. When I launched the new instance I took the AMI that was on a small instance and launched with a medium instance. From what I can tell this is pretty standard stuff. But here's the stang part. According to AWS these are the differences Small Instance (Default) 1.7 GB of memory, 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core with 1 EC2 Compute Unit), 160 GB of local instance storage, 32-bit or 64-bit platform Medium Instance 3.75 GB of memory, 2 EC2 Compute Units (1 virtual core with 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 410 GB of local instance storage, 32-bit or 64-bit platform Okay now here's where I'm having an issue. I when I log into the new bigger instance it still reports only having 1.7 GB of ram. The other strange part is that all my old partitions are still their in the same configurations. I see a new larger partition /mnt which is essential empty. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 7.9G 5.9G 1.6G 79% / none 846M 120K 846M 1% /dev none 879M 0 879M 0% /dev/shm none 879M 76K 878M 1% /var/run none 879M 0 879M 0% /var/lock none 879M 0 879M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda2 335G 195M 318G 1% /mnt /dev/sdf 16G 9.9G 5.1G 67% /var2 This EC2 is a web server and I was serving files off the /var2 directory but for some reason the instance is storing everything on / Okay here's what I'd like to do. Move all my website files to /mnt and have the web server point to that. Any suggestions? If it helps here is what my fstab looks like as well. root@myserver:/var# mount -l /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) [cloudimg-rootfs] proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) none on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) /dev/sda2 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sdf on /var2 type ext4 (rw,noatime) I hope this question makes sense. Basically i want my old files on this new partition. Thanks in advance

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  • Can't manage iPod from linux anymore

    - by kemp
    I used to be able to see and manage my iPod with different softwares: Amarok, Rhythmbox, GTKPod. The device is a nano 1st generation 4gb. Currently it mounts regularly and can be accessed from the file system, but I get this in dmesg: [ 1547.617891] scsi 11:0:0:0: Direct-Access Apple iPod 1.62 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 1547.619103] sd 11:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 1547.620478] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.620494] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] 7999487 512-byte hardware sectors: (4.09 GB/3.81 GiB) [ 1547.621718] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 1547.621726] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 68 00 00 08 [ 1547.621732] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.623591] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Adjusting the sector count from its reported value: 7999488 [ 1547.624993] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 1547.625003] sdb: sdb1 sdb2 [ 1547.629686] sd 11:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 1548.084026] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.369502] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.504358] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.504363] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1548.945173] FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive! [ 1548.945179] FAT: invalid media value (0x2f) [ 1548.945182] VFS: Can't find a valid FAT filesystem on dev sdb1. [ 1610.092886] usb 2-6: USB disconnect, address 9 The only application that can access it (partially) is Rhythmbox. I say partially because I can transfer files to the iPod but can't remove or modify them. Also one transfer didn't finish and only 9 out of 16 songs were delivered to the device. All other softwares I tried (GTKPod, Amarok, Songbird) don't even detect it. What can I do to troubleshoot this? EDIT: # fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 4095 MB, 4095737344 bytes 241 heads, 62 sectors/track, 535 cylinders Units = cylinders of 14942 * 512 = 7650304 bytes Disk identifier: 0x20202020 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 11 80293+ 0 Empty Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 1, 1) logical=(0, 1, 2) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(9, 254, 63) logical=(10, 181, 8) Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 11 536 3919415+ b W95 FAT32 Partition 2 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(10, 0, 7) logical=(10, 181, 15) Partition 2 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(497, 240, 62) logical=(535, 88, 61) EDIT2: The "before" state is hard to tell, it was a lot of updates ago. Haven't been using my iPod for a while so I can't say when exactly it stopped working. I'm sure Amarok was still at version 1.X but can't remember when it was. My current system is debian testing fully updated. NOTE: just noticed that if I mount the device manually instead of letting nautilus automount it, I can see it again on GTKPod but still not on Banshee AND it's vanished from Rhythmbox...

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  • Deleting windows.edb and unchecking Indexing service lead to hard drive file records swapping

    - by linni
    I followed the instructions listed here:http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/09/18/turn-off-and-disable-search-indexing-service-in-windows-xp/ to free up space on hard drive by deleting the windows.edb indexing file... I also stopped windows search service as mentioned in the comments following the article. In addition to unchecking the "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" check box on the properties dialog for the C:\ drive, I did the same for two usb connected hard drives (J:\ and I:\ ). I'm not sure why I did that, thought it might shrink the windows.edb file so I wouldn't have to delete it (which sounded a bit risky in my ears at the time). The file of course didn't shrink so I ended up deleting it and freeing up over 3 GB of space, yeehaw. However, as soon as I had done this I could not access the usb connected hard drives anymore. The error I got was "I:\photos is not accessible" "The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable" when I tried to open the photos directory on I:\ Here is where I enter the twilight zone... I try disconnecting I:\ usb hard drive. But XP shows me that instead J:\ drive has disconnected and I:\ is still there. So I disconnect both drives and restart the computer. I then connect one drive, but it lists up the contents of the other drive on root level. I tried connecting the drives vice versa and the same thing happens. I try taking one of the hard drives to another computer and when I connect it there it lists up not its own contents but the contents of the other hard drive and gives the same error as above when I try and access any of the folders (even folders on the root that have the same name as folders on the other drive (e.g. J:\photos and I:\photos)??? And no, this is not a me mixing up my drive letters. Computer Manager - Disk management shows the same result as explorer: The drive size is correct (one is 500GB, the other is 640GB) but the drive name is of the opposite drive, as long as the contents. Also, one drive was full of data and the other almost empty but they incorrectly show their free space status of the other drive. Somehow the usb drives seem to have switched file tables, file records, boot records or something, extremely weird! Even weirder, if I try and create a text file or folder on this drive, it works fine, accessing them, saving, whatever, all good, but accessing any other data on the drive gives me an error. Does anyone have a clue what is going on and more importantly, how I can restore the correct folder listings to access my family photos ??? cheers, linni

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  • Using smartctl to get vendor specific Attributes from ssd drive behind a SmartArray P410 controller

    - by Lairsdragon
    Hi! Recently I have deployed some HP server with SSD's behind a SmartArray P410 controller. While not official supported from HP the server work well sofar. Now I like to get wear level info's, error statistics etc from the drive. While the SA P410 supports a passthru of the SMART Command to a single drive in the array the output I was not able to the the interesting things from the drive. In this case especially the value the Wear level indicator is from interest for me (Attr.ID 233), but this is ony present if the drive is directly attanched to a SATA Controller. smartctl on directly connected ssd: # smartctl -A /dev/sda smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 5 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0000 100 000 000 Old_age Offline In_the_past 0 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8561 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 55 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 29 232 Unknown_Attribute 0x0003 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 233 Unknown_Attribute 0x0002 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 0 225 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0000 198 198 000 Old_age Offline - 508509 226 Load-in_Time 0x0002 255 000 000 Old_age Always In_the_past 0 227 Torq-amp_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 228 Power-off_Retract_Count 0x0002 000 000 000 Old_age Always FAILING_NOW 0 smartctl on P410 connected ssd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c1d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net (Right, it is complety empty) smartctl on P410 connected hdd: # ./smartctl -A -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Current Drive Temperature: 27 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 1871654030 Blocks received from initiator = 1360012929 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 2178203797 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 46052239 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 0 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 3363.25 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 12 Do I hunt here a bug, or is this a limitation of the p410 SMART cmd Passthru?

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  • Autoloading Development or Production configs (best practices)

    - by Xeoncross
    When programming sites you usually have one set of config files for the development environment and another set for the production server (or one file with both settings). I am assuming all projects should be handled by version control like git or svn. Manual file transfers (like FTP) is wrong on so many levels. How you enable/disable the correct settings (so that your system knows which ones to use) is a problem for me. Each system I work on just kind of jimmy-rigs a solution. Below are the 3 methods I know of and I am hoping that someone can submit a more elegant solutions. 1) File Based The system loads a folder structure based on the URL requested. /site.com /site.fakeTLD /lib index.php For example, if the url is http://site.com then the system loads the production config files located in the site.com folder. However, if I'm working on the site locally I visit http://site.fakeTLD to work on the local copy of the site. To setup this I edit my hosts file and add site.fakeTLD to point to my own computer (127.0.0.1/localhost) and then create a vhost in apache. So now I can work on the codebase locally and then push to the server without any trouble. The problem is that this is susceptible to a "host" injection attack. So someone loading site.com could set the host to site.fakeTLD and then the system would load my development config files instead of production. 2) Config Based The config files contain on section for development - and one for production. The problem is that each time you go to push your changes to the repo you have to edit the file to specify which set of config options should be used. $use = 'production'; //'development'; This leaves the repo open to human error should one of the developers forget to enable the right setting. 3) File System Check Based All the development machines have an extra empty file called "development.txt" or something. Each time the system loads it checks for this file - if found then it knows it is in development mode - if missing then it knows it is in production mode. Since the file is NEVER ADDED to the repo then it will never be pushed (and checked out) on the production machine. However, this just doesn't feel right and causes a slight slow down since all filesystem checks are slow.

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  • Lenovo Ideapad Y480 can't reinstall windows?

    - by elegantonyx
    Alright, so here's the deal... For a while, I wanted to mess with Linux. I don't know why, but I wanted to. So, what I did was use WUBI and install Ubuntu. Because of some unknown reason (Intel Rapid Start? Half the drivers being on a Lenovo-installed SSD [separate from the main hard drive]?) it wouldn't dual boot. So, I decided to use Linux Mint instead, and install it in a partition. Since Windows 7 Home Premium won't make partitions any more if you have a certain number already, I just shrank my system drive and left empty space for the installer to claim. When I installed Mint, it worked, but left my Windows 7 installation unable to boot and eventually it corrupted. I tried to use a system repair disc I burned earlier but it didn't find the Windows installation, so I assume the partition corrupted. I used this link:http://www.pcworld.com/article/248995/how_to_install_windows_7_without_the_disc.html to try and reinstall Windows. What happened was that originally it said that the partition I was trying to reinstall from had been locked down by the OEM (Lenovo). So, I went into GParted, wiped EVERYTHING, and selected 'Construct new Boot record' or whatever that function is, and now the error is: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the setup log files for more information." Does anyone know how to see the log files? Can anyone help? This system is a month old but the warranty only covers hardware failures, and I would need to pay around USD$60 for them to fix it. Please help. Any ideas? this is my main machine... Extra information: I have at my disposal: System Repair Disc (Burned myself) Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bit SP1 installation disk (burned from the pcworld links) Gparted Live CD Linux Mint 13 live cd A system backup (from the morning before this catastrophe) made using the Windows Backup and Restore. I put it on an external drive...that should be safe for now.

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  • Custom initrd init script: how to create /dev/initctl

    - by Posco Grubb
    I have a virtual machine (VMM is Xen 3.3) equipped with two IDE HDD's (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). The root file system is in /dev/hda1, where Scientific Linux 5.4 is installed. /dev/hdb contains an empty ext2 file system. I want to protect the root file system from writes by the VM by using aufs (AnotherUnionFS) to layer a writable file system on top of the root file system. The changes to / will be written to the file system located on /dev/hdb. (Furthermore, outside the VM, the file backing the /dev/hda will also be set to read-only permissions, so the VMM should also prevent the VM from modifying at that level.) (The purpose of this setup: be able to corrupt a virtual machine using software-implemented fault injection but preserve the file system image in order to quickly reboot the VM to a fault-free state.) How do I get an initrd init script to do the necessary mounts to create the union file system? I've tried 2 approaches: I've tried modifying the nash script that mkinitrd creates, but I don't know what setuproot and switchroot do and how to make them use my aufs as the new root. Apparently, nobody else here knows either. (EDIT: I take that back.) I've tried building a LiveCD (using linux-live-6.3.0) and then modifying the Bash /linuxrc script from the generated initrd, and I got the mounts correct, but the final /sbin/init complains about /dev/initctl. Specifically, my /linuxrc mounts the aufs at /union. The last few lines of /linuxrc effectively do the following: cd /union mkdir -p mnt/live pivot_root . mnt/live exec sbin/chroot . sbin/init </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1 When init starts, it outputs something like init: /dev/initctl: No such file or directory. What is supposed to create this FIFO? I found no such filename in the original linuxrc and liblinuxlive scripts. I tried creating it via "mkfifo /dev/initctl", but then init complained about a timeout opening or writing to the FIFO. Would appreciate any help or pointers. Thanks.

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  • Dual booting Windows 7 & 8.1, using the Windows 8 Startup Options Menu, when Windows 8.1 is already installed and you want to add Windows 7

    - by Josh
    There are many excellent guides out there that explain how to dual-boot Windows 7 & 8. However, they are written for people starting with a Windows 7 installation and add a Windows 8 installation to separate partition. From what I'm reading, following this procedure will result in Windows 8 installing and configuring the Startup Options Menu with an option to boot Windows 7 & 8. However, in my situation I have a Windows 8.1 machine that I want to install Windows 7 on, and enable dual-boot, where I can use the Startup Options Menu to select the OS to boot. I haven't been able to determine how to do this. From everything I've been able to find, it looks like if I install Windows 7, it is going to take over the boot loader process, and I won't have access to the Windows 8 "Startup Options Menu." This answer suggests I boot to VHD, but notes a drawback: You can't do this if the C:\drive is encrypted using ANY encryption shceme. Be that BitLocker or 3rd party. The location of the .VHD file you are booting to must reside on an unencrypted volume. Well, that's a bummer, because that's exactly what I wanted to do--I wanted my Windows 7 partition to be encrypted, and my Windows 8 partition to also be encrypted. The idea being that when OS was booted, it was completely locked out from accessing data on the other OS's partition. At this point, I'm thinking my only option is to install Windows 7, and then re-install Windows 8, which will give me the dual-boot option... am I right? Or is there a way to make this work. I'm thinking that I would need to figure out a process like this: Configure the Windows Startup Options Menu with a "blank" entry for Windows 7, pointing to an empty partition Insert the Windows 7 installation media, install Windows 7, and somehow restrict it to that partition (i.e., prevent it from "taking over" from the Startup Options Menu" Is this possible, and if so, how can I accomplish this? My concern is that if I simply install Windows 7 to a separate partition, Windows 7 will take over the entire boot process and I won't be able to get to my Windows 8 installation any more.

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  • Mysql server fails to start

    - by Nicolas Thery
    Googling since two hours, I require your assistance. I'm on a Debian virtual machine and I cloned it. The only change is the new IP adress it has. Mysql doesn't start any more: Starting MySQL database server: mysqld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . failed! There is no process called mysql. All the mysql log files in /var/log are empty. here is my.cnf file : [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp language = /usr/share/mysql/english skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M [mysqld_safe] syslog Here is the result of ifconfig : eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:12:98:9a inet adr:192.168.1.138 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:754 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:106 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:1000 RX bytes:101177 (98.8 KiB) TX bytes:17719 (17.3 KiB) lo Link encap:Boucle locale inet adr:127.0.0.1 Masque:255.0.0.0 adr inet6: ::1/128 Scope:Hôte UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:560 (560.0 B) TX bytes:560 (560.0 B) As requested, here is the result of : sudo -u mysql mysqld, here is the result : root@debian:/home/nicolas/Bureau# sudo -u mysql mysqld 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13) 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121004 14:26:57 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 70822697 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Recovering after a crash using /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Starting crash recovery... 121004 14:26:57 [Note] Crash recovery finished. 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/host.frm' (errno: 13) 121004 14:26:57 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Can't find file: './mysql/host.frm' (errno: 13)

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  • mysql: job failded to start. mysqld.sock is missing

    - by Freefri
    How can I fix this and start mysql-server? After /etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start I get the message start: "Job failed to start" And after # mysqld I get this: mysqld 121123 11:33:33 [ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/usr/share/mysql/errmsg.sys' 121123 11:33:33 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Unknown error 1146 121123 11:33:33 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 121123 11:33:33 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121123 11:33:34 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675 121123 11:33:34 [ERROR] Aborting 121123 11:33:34 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 121123 11:33:35 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 121123 11:33:35 [Note] I try to do what mysql say me to do: mysql_upgrade Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed And yes, /var/run/mysql is empty: mysql_upgrade Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' mysqlcheck: Got error: 2002: Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) when trying to connect FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed And this is my file /etc/mysql/my.cnf # cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf |grep sock # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Then I try to reinstall mysql from cero: apt-get purge mysql-client mysql-common mysql-server rm -R /var/lib/mysql rm -R /etc/mysql rm -R /var/run/mysqld userdel mysql apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client Then, after typing my root password for mysql I get this error: | Unable to set password for the MySQL "root" user ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ An error occurred while setting the password for the MySQL administrative ¦ ¦ user. This may have happened because the account already has a password, or ¦ ¦ because of a communication problem with the MySQL server. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ You should check the account's password after the package installation. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ Please read the /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.5/README.Debian file for more ¦ ¦ information. And again I can't start mysql getting the same messages.

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  • Unable to start auditd

    - by George Reith
    I am on CentOS 5.8 final I recently installed auditd via yum install audit however I am unable to start it. I edited the configuration file to give a verbose output of the error it is recieving in starting up and this is the output: # service auditd start Starting auditd: Config file /etc/audit/auditd.conf opened for parsing log_file_parser called with: /var/log/audit/audit.log log_format_parser called with: RAW log_group_parser called with: root priority_boost_parser called with: 4 flush_parser called with: INCREMENTAL freq_parser called with: 20 num_logs_parser called with: 4 qos_parser called with: lossy dispatch_parser called with: /sbin/audispd name_format_parser called with: NONE max_log_size_parser called with: 5 max_log_size_action_parser called with: ROTATE space_left_parser called with: 75 space_action_parser called with: SYSLOG action_mail_acct_parser called with: root admin_space_left_parser called with: 50 admin_space_left_action_parser called with: SUSPEND disk_full_action_parser called with: SUSPEND disk_error_action_parser called with: SUSPEND tcp_listen_queue_parser called with: 5 tcp_max_per_addr_parser called with: 1 tcp_client_max_idle_parser called with: 0 enable_krb5_parser called with: no GSSAPI support is not enabled, ignoring value at line 30 krb5_principal_parser called with: auditd GSSAPI support is not enabled, ignoring value at line 31 Started dispatcher: /sbin/audispd pid: 3097 type=DAEMON_START msg=audit(1339336882.187:9205): auditd start, ver=1.8 format=raw kernel=2.6.32-042stab056.8 auid=4294967295 pid=3095 res=success config_manager init complete Error setting audit daemon pid (Connection refused) type=DAEMON_ABORT msg=audit(1339336882.189:9206): auditd error halt, auid=4294967295 pid=3095 res=failed Unable to set audit pid, exiting The audit daemon is exiting. Error setting audit daemon pid (Connection refused) [FAILED] The only information I can find online is that this may be due to SELinux, however SELinux is giving me problems of it's own. No matter what I do it appears to be disabled (I want to enable it). The configuration is set to enforced and the server has been rebooted many a time however sestatus still returns SELinux status: disabled. Can anyone shine some light on this problem? EDIT: I don't know if it is related but I noticed the following message appearing in my /var/log/messages Jun 10 16:25:22 s1 iscsid: iSCSI logger with pid=2056 started! Jun 10 16:25:22 s1 iscsid: Missing or Invalid version from /sys/module/scsi_transport_iscsi/version. Make sure a up to date scsi_transport_iscsi module is loaded and a up todate version of iscsid is running. Exiting... I try to start the iSCSI daemon myself (I have not a clue what it does; I am a linux newbie) and I get the following error: Starting iSCSI daemon: FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep: No such file or directory FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.32-042stab056.8/modules.dep: No such file or directory [FAILED] If I go to /lib/modules/ I notice the directory exists but is completely empty.

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  • Deleting windows.edb and unchecking Indexing service lead to hard drive file records swapping

    - by linni
    I followed the instructions listed here:http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/09/18/turn-off-and-disable-search-indexing-service-in-windows-xp/ to free up space on hard drive by deleting the windows.edb indexing file... I also stopped windows search service as mentioned in the comments following the article. In addition to unchecking the "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" check box on the properties dialog for the C:\ drive, I did the same for two usb connected hard drives (J:\ and I:\ ). I'm not sure why I did that, thought it might shrink the windows.edb file so I wouldn't have to delete it (which sounded a bit risky in my ears at the time). The file of course didn't shrink so I ended up deleting it and freeing up over 3 GB of space, yeehaw. However, as soon as I had done this I could not access the usb connected hard drives anymore. The error I got was "I:\photos is not accessible" "The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable" when I tried to open the photos directory on I:\ Here is where I enter the twilight zone... I try disconnecting I:\ usb hard drive. But XP shows me that instead J:\ drive has disconnected and I:\ is still there. So I disconnect both drives and restart the computer. I then connect one drive, but it lists up the contents of the other drive on root level. I tried connecting the drives vice versa and the same thing happens. I try taking one of the hard drives to another computer and when I connect it there it lists up not its own contents but the contents of the other hard drive and gives the same error as above when I try and access any of the folders (even folders on the root that have the same name as folders on the other drive (e.g. J:\photos and I:\photos)??? And no, this is not a me mixing up my drive letters. Computer Manager - Disk management shows the same result as explorer: The drive size is correct (one is 500GB, the other is 640GB) but the drive name is of the opposite drive, as long as the contents. Also, one drive was full of data and the other almost empty but they incorrectly show their free space status of the other drive. Somehow the usb drives seem to have switched file tables, file records, boot records or something, extremely weird! Even weirder, if I try and create a text file or folder on this drive, it works fine, accessing them, saving, whatever, all good, but accessing any other data on the drive gives me an error. Does anyone have a clue what is going on and more importantly, how I can restore the correct folder listings to access my family photos ??? cheers, linni

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  • I just restarted Apache and now the server is down

    - by James
    I am pretty terrified right now. I'm scared I'm going to get a call in a couple minutes from a hundred people saying the website doesn't work. I was at the terminal changing some configuration files when I went to restart the server to update the .conf files with this command: /etc/init.d/apache2 graceful After I ran that, none of the websites work and I have no idea what to do. There are about 100 errors I am getting according to the log files. They all begin with "PHP Notice" and most relate to "use of undefined constant" Also, I just spoke with a coworker, describing what I did, and he noticed that there are two installations of apache on the server and that I restarted the one that we don't use. This is what the error log says (assuming it's the correct error log): [Wed Jan 05 11:52:06 2011] [notice] Graceful restart requested, doing restart Warning: DocumentRoot [/u/apps/staging/antetr/current/public/] does not exist [Wed Jan 05 11:52:08 2011] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:80 has no VirtualHosts (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs FINAL UPDATE: Ok, I fixed it. The problem was (as you experts facepalming probably know) that it couldn't access an error log in the directory I was working in. I created an empty error log file and tried the restart command again and now all the sites are back up... Though my original problem is still there.. Thanks to all those who offered advice, it really helped and let me breathe for a moment.

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  • I just restarted Apache and now the server is down

    - by James
    I am pretty terrified right now. I'm scared I'm going to get a call in a couple minutes from a hundred people saying the website doesn't work. I was at the terminal changing some configuration files when I went to restart the server to update the .conf files with this command: /etc/init.d/apache2 graceful After I ran that, none of the websites work and I have no idea what to do. There are about 100 errors I am getting according to the log files. They all begin with "PHP Notice" and most relate to "use of undefined constant" Also, I just spoke with a coworker, describing what I did, and he noticed that there are two installations of apache on the server and that I restarted the one that we don't use. This is what the error log says (assuming it's the correct error log): [Wed Jan 05 11:52:06 2011] [notice] Graceful restart requested, doing restart Warning: DocumentRoot [/u/apps/staging/antetr/current/public/] does not exist [Wed Jan 05 11:52:08 2011] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:80 has no VirtualHosts (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs (2)No such file or directory: apache2: could not open error log file /u/apps/production/madfilmdash/current/log/apache-error.log. Unable to open logs FINAL UPDATE: Ok, I fixed it. The problem was (as you experts facepalming probably know) that it couldn't access an error log in the directory I was working in. I created an empty error log file and tried the restart command again and now all the sites are back up... Though my original problem is still there.. Thanks to all those who offered advice, it really helped and let me breathe for a moment.

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  • SSH_ORIGINAL_ENVIRONMENT error with snow leopard client to a gitosis server on debian

    - by Mica
    I have a server running gitosis (installed from the package manager) on debian lenny. I am able to perform all operations from my linux mint laptop, but from my Mac running an up-to-date Snow Leopard gives me the following error: mica@waste Desktop$ git clone [email protected]:Poems.git Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/micas/Desktop/Poems/.git/ ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly mica@waste Desktop$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.156 [192.168.0.156] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.0.156' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mica/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/mica/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve mica@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve micas@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Requesting authentication agent forwarding. PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Need SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND in environment. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to 192.168.0.156 closed. Transferred: sent 2544, received 2888 bytes, in 0.1 seconds Bytes per second: sent 29642.1, received 33650.3 debug1: Exit status 1 Extensive googling of the error isn't returning much-- I changed the /etc/sshd_config file on my Mac as per http://www.schmidp.com/2009/06/23/enable-ssh-agent-key-forwarding-on-snow-leopard/. I still get the same error.

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