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• Rails: Cannot add :precision or :scale options with change_column in a migration?

  - by Josh Pinter

  This seems to have been asked before: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1402547/rails-decimal-precision-and-scale But when running a change_column migration for :precision or :scale they don't actually affect the schema or database, but db:migrate runs without errors. My migration file looks like this: class ChangePrecisionAndScaleOfPaybackPeriodInTags < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up change_column :tags, :payback_period, :decimal, { :scale => 3, :precision => 10 } end def self.down change_column :tags, :payback_period, :decimal end end But my schema (and the data) remains as: t.decimal "rate" # previous column t.decimal "payback_period" t.string "component_type" # next column Anybody else have this issue? Thanks, Josh

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• How to access "overridden" inner class in Scala?

  - by doom2.wad

  I have two traits, one extending the other, each with an inner class, one extending the other, with the same names: trait A { class X { def x() = doSomething() } } trait B extends A { class X extends super.X { override def x() = doSomethingElse() } } class C extends B { val x = new X() // here B.X is instantiated val y = new A.X() // does not compile val z = new A.this.X() // does not compile } How do I access A.X class in the C class's body? Renaming B.X not to hide A.X is not a preferred way. To make things a bit complicated, in the situation I have encountered this problem the traits have type parameters (not shown in this example).

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• How do I memoize expensive calculations on Django model objects?

  - by David Eyk

  I have several TextField columns on my UserProfile object which contain JSON objects. I've also defined a setter/getter property for each column which encapsulates the logic for serializing and deserializing the JSON into python datastructures. The nature of this data ensures that it will be accessed many times by view and template logic within a single Request. To save on deserialization costs, I would like to memoize the python datastructures on read, invalidating on direct write to the property or save signal from the model object. Where/How do I store the memo? I'm nervous about using instance variables, as I don't understand the magic behind how any particular UserProfile is instantiated by a query. Is __init__ safe to use, or do I need to check the existence of the memo attribute via hasattr() at each read? Here's an example of my current implementation: class UserProfile(Model): text_json = models.TextField(default=text_defaults) @property def text(self): if not hasattr(self, "text_memo"): self.text_memo = None self.text_memo = self.text_memo or simplejson.loads(self.text_json) return self.text_memo @text.setter def text(self, value=None): self.text_memo = None self.text_json = simplejson.dumps(value)

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• Proper snowball analyzer configuration when using Grails Searchable Plugin

  - by Wirsbro

  To improve stemming we want to switch from the default analyzer to snowball, however, having a lot of difficulty with the proper settings and would appreciate any help. In Environment: - Sun's Java 1.6.16 - Grails 1.2.2 - Searchable Plug-In 0.5.5 Config.groovy: Have tried both settings: compassSettings = ['compass.engine.analyzer.stemmed.type': 'snowball', 'compass.engine.analyzer.stemmed.name': 'English'] compassSettings = ['compass.engine.analyzer.snowball.type': 'snowball', 'compass.engine.analyzer.snowball.name': 'English', 'compass.engine.analyzer.search.type': 'snowball', 'compass.engine.analyzer.search.name': 'English'] Search.groovy - The Invocation: def searchResult = searchableService.search(params.q, withHighlighter: { highlighter, index, sr if (!sr.highlights) { sr.highlights = [] } try { sr.highlights[index] = highlighter.fragments("content")[0..2].join(" ") } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { sr.highlights[index] = highlighter.fragment("content") } }) def suggestion = searchableService.suggestQuery(params.q) if (suggestion != params.q) { searchResult.suggestedQuery = suggestion }

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• Difference between C# and java big endian bytes using miscutil

  - by Eric Hauser

  I'm using the miscutil library to communicate between and Java and C# application using a socket. I am trying to figure out the difference between the following code (this is Groovy, but the Java result is the same): import java.io.* def baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); def stream = new DataOutputStream(baos); stream.writeInt(5000) baos.toByteArray().each { println it } /* outputs - 0, 0, 19, -120 */ and C#: using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) using (EndianBinaryWriter writer = new EndianBinaryWriter(EndianBitConverter.Big, ms, Encoding.UTF8)) { writer.Write(5000); ms.Position = 0; foreach (byte bb in ms.ToArray()) { Console.WriteLine(bb); } } /* outputs - 0, 0, 19, 136 */ As you can see, the last byte is -120 in the Java version and 136 in C#.

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• Remove newlines from MarkupBuilder result

  - by aldrin

  Is there a way to control groovy's MarkupBuilder's output and filter out the newline characters? I have code like below: import groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder def writer = new StringWriter() def xml = new MarkupBuilder(writer) xml.basket(){ fruit (type:"apple", 1) fruit (type:"orange", 2) } which invariably outputs: <basket> <fruit type='apple'>1</fruit> <fruit type='orange'>2</fruit> </basket> I'd really like it in a single line: <basket><fruit type='apple'>1</fruit><fruit type='orange'>2</fruit></basket>

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• Implementing toString on Java enums

  - by devoured elysium

  Hello It seems to be possible in Java to write something like this: private enum TrafficLight { RED, GREEN; public String toString() { return //what should I return here if I want to return //"abc" when red and "def" when green? } } Now, I'd like to know if it possible to returnin the toString method "abc" when the enum's value is red and "def" when it's green. Also, is it possible to do like in C#, where you can do this?: private enum TrafficLight { RED = 0, GREEN = 15 ... } I've tried this but it but I'm getting compiler errors with it. Thanks

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• Calling a method from within a django model save() override

  - by Jonathan

  I'm overriding a django model save() method. Within the override I'm calling another method of the same class and instance which calculates one of the instance's fields based on other fields of the same instance. class MyClass(models.Model): field1 = models.FloatField() field2 = models.FloatField() field3 = models.FloatField() def calculateField1(self) self.field1 = self.field2 + self.field3 def save(self, *args, **kwargs): self.calculateField1() super(MyClass, self).save(*args, **kwargs) The override method is called when I change the model in admin. Alas I've discovered that within calculateField1() field2 and field3 have the values of the instance from before I edited them in admin. If I enter the instance again in admin and save again, only then field1 receives the correct value as field2 and field3 are already updated. Is this the correct behavior on django's side? If yes, then how can I use the new values within calculateField1? I cannot implement the calculation within the save() as calculateField1() actually quite long and I need it to be called from elsewhere.

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• Groovy MarkupBuilder causing java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError on closure in soapUI

  - by Eric

  I am not able to get the Groovy MarkupBuilder to work with soapUI. I am very new to Groovy and I am just following one of the user guides on creating XML. Testing a very simple method: public String Example(){ def writer = new StringWriter() def root = new MarkupBuilder(writer) root.mkp.xmlDeclaration(version:"1.0", encoding:"UTF-8") root.Root{ Example("A") } return writer.toString() } I get the following error in soapUI: ava.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: MockXML$_Example_closure2 I have no error when I run from Groovy Console. In the same class I have: public String Hello(){ return "Hello" } Which works fine in soapUI. Is there something I would need setup/imported/configured in soapUI that I am not thinking about to handle MarkupBuilder/closures? Thanks

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• jQuery - change a list of elements to an associative array

  - by Brian M. Hunt

  Given an associative array (of the sort returned by jQuery.serializeArray()) like this: [ { 'name': 'abc', 'value': 'aaa', '__proto__': [Object] }, { 'name': 'def', 'value': 'bbb', '__proto__': [Object] }, { 'name': 'abc', 'value': 'ccc', '__proto__': [Object] } ] How can one convert this, using either jQuery or just javascript, to an associative array of name: [values] like this: { 'abc': ['aaa', 'ccc'], 'def': ['bbb'] } This seems to essentially be the inverse of this question: Build associative array based on values of another associative array... but in Javascript (not PHP). I wasn't able to find this question on Stackoverflow, though I thought it would have been asked. Thank you for reading. Brian

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• Disabling model's after_find only when called from certain controllers

  - by Lynn C

  I have an after_find callback in a model, but I need to disable it in a particular controller action e.g. def index @people = People.find(:all) # do something here to disable after_find()? end def show @people = People.find(:all) # after_find() should still be called here! end What is the best way to do it? Can I pass something in to .find to disable all/particular callbacks? Can I somehow get the controller name in the model and not execute the callback based on the controller name (I don't like this)..? Help!

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• Python IDLE: How to type correct indentation?

  - by user2988464

  Mac: Maverick Python: 3.4 I tried to testtimeit module in Python's IDLE import timeit >>> timeit.timeit( "obj.method", """ class SomeClass: def method(self): pass obj = SomeClass() """) When I tried to type def method(self): on the next line of class SomeClass, I hit Tab, it prompted a window showing the files inside my Document directory. So I hit Ctrl+Tab instead. But I still got the error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#26>", line 6, in <module> """) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/timeit.py", line 213, in timeit return Timer(stmt, setup, timer).timeit(number) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/timeit.py", line 122, in __init__ code = compile(src, dummy_src_name, "exec") File "<timeit-src>", line 9 _t0 = _timer() ^ IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level Can someone explain: how to fix it, and how to avoid the prompt of My Document appear? Thx!!!

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• Why don't these class attributes register?

  - by slypete

  I have a factory method that generates django form classes like so: def get_indicator_form(indicator, patient): class IndicatorForm(forms.Form): #These don't work! indicator_id = forms.IntegerField(initial=indicator.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput()) patient_id = forms.IntegerField(initial=patient.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput()) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): forms.Form.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self.indicator = indicator self.patient = patient #These do! setattr(IndicatorForm, 'indicator_id', forms.IntegerField(initial=indicator.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput())) setattr(IndicatorForm, 'patient_id', forms.IntegerField(initial=patient.id, widget=forms.HiddenInput())) for field in indicator.indicatorfield_set.all(): setattr(IndicatorForm, field.name, copy(field.get_field_type())) return type('IndicatorForm', (forms.Form,), dict(IndicatorForm.__dict__)) I'm trying to understand why the top form field declarations don't work, but the setattr method below does work. I'm fairly new to python, so I suspect it's some language feature that I'm misunderstanding. Can you help me understand why the field declarations at the top of the class don't add the fields to the class? In a possibly related note, when these classes are instantiated, instance.media returns nothing even though some fields have widgets with associated media. Thanks, Pete

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• How to add a another value to a key in python

  - by Nanowatt

  First I'm sorry this might be a dumb question but I'm trying to self learn python and I can't find the answer to my question. I want to make a phonebook and I need to add an email to an already existing name. That name has already a phone number attached. I have this first code: phonebook = {} phonebook ['ana'] = '12345' phonebook ['maria']= '23456' , '[email protected]' def add_contact(): name = raw_input ("Please enter a name:") number = raw_input ("Please enter a number:") phonebook[name] = number Then I wanted to add an email to the name "ana" for example: ana: 12345, [email protected]. I created this code but instead of addend a new value (the email), it just changes the old one, removing the number: def add_email(): name = raw_input("Please enter a name:") email = raw_input("Please enter an email:") phonebook[name] = email I tried .append() too but it didn't work. Can you help me? And I'm sorry if the code is bad, I'm just trying to learn and I'm a bit noob yet :)

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• Multiple range product in Python

  - by Tyr

  Is there a better way to do this: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) so that I can choose how many ranges I use? I want it to be equivalent to this, but scalable. def dice(num) if num == 1: perms = ((i,) for i in range(1,7)) elif num == 2: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7)) elif num == 3: perms = product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) #... and so on but I know there has to be a better way. I'm using it for counting dice outcomes. The actual code def dice(selection= lambda d: d[2]): perms = itertools.product(range(1,7),range(1,7),range(1,7)) return collections.Counter(((selection(sorted(i)) for i in perms))) where I can call it with a variety of selectors, like sum(d[0:2]) for the sum of the lowest 2 dice or d[1] to get the middle dice.

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• Ruby - Call method passing values of array as each parameter

  - by Markus Orreilly

  I'm currently stuck on this problem. I've hooked into the method_missing function in a class I've made. When a function is called that doesn't exist, I want to call another function I know exists, passing the args array as all of the parameters to the second function. Does anyone know a way to do this? For example, I'd like to do something like this: class Blah def valid_method(p1, p2, p3, opt=false) puts "p1: #{p1}, p2: #{p2}, p3: #{p3}, opt: #{opt.inspect}" end def method_missing(methodname, *args) if methodname.to_s =~ /_with_opt$/ real_method = methodname.to_s.gsub(/_with_opt$/, '') send(real_method, args) # <-- this is the problem end end end b = Blah.new b.valid_method(1,2,3) # output: p1: 1, p2: 2, p3: 3, opt: false b.valid_method_with_opt(2,3,4) # output: p1: 2, p2: 3, p3: 4, opt: true (Oh, and btw, the above example doesn't work for me)

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• Problem with stackless python, cannot write to a dict

  - by ANON

  I have simple map-reduce type algorithm, which I want to implement in python and make use of multiple cores. I read somewhere that threads using native thread module in 2.6 dont make use of multiple cores. is that true? I even implemented it using stackless python however i am getting into weird errors [Update: a quick search showed that the stack less does not allows multiple cores So are their any other alternatives?] def Propagate(start,end): print "running Thread with range: ",start,end def maxVote(nLabels): count = {} maxList = [] maxCount = 0 for nLabel in nLabels: if nLabel in count: count[nLabel] += 1 else: count[nLabel] = 1 #Check if the count is max if count[nLabel] > maxCount: maxCount = count[nLabel]; maxList = [nLabel,] elif count[nLabel]==maxCount: maxList.append(nLabel) return random.choice(maxList) for num in range(start,end): node=MapList[num] nLabels = [Label[k] for k in Adj[node]] if (nLabels!=[]): Label[node] = maxVote(nLabels) else: Label[node]=node However in above code the values assigned to Label, that is the change in dictionary are lost. Above propagate function is used as callable for MicroThreads (i.e. TaskLets)

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• Sequel Migration not running up?

  - by Sleepycat

  Having some trouble with the Migrations in Sequel and could use another set of eyes. I am running a migration that looks ok but no table is created. It is definitely connecting because I can see the schema_info table has been created. -M 0/1 changes the version as you would expect but still no table. The command: sequel -m . -M 1 ~/Desktop/dbtest/testdb.yml 001_testdb.rb: class TestDb < Sequel::Migration def up create_table( "terminals") do primary_key :id Integer :location_id Integer :merchant_id BigDecimal :terminal_id, :size=>[11, 0] String :reference, :size=>255 DateTime :created_at DateTime :updated_at String :image, :default=>"default.jpg", :size=>255 end end def down drop_table :terminals end end The output in Postgres: test_db=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+-------------+-------+---------- public | schema_info | table | postgres (1 row) test_db=# select * from schema_info; version --------- 1 (1 row)

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• Odd ActiveRecord model dynamic initialization bug in production

  - by qfinder

  I've got an ActiveRecord (2.3.5) model that occasionally exhibits incorrect behavior that appears to be related to a problem in its dynamic initialization. Here's the code: class Widget < ActiveRecord::Base extend ActiveSupport::Memoizable serialize :settings VALID_SETTINGS = %w(show_on_sale show_upcoming show_current show_past) VALID_SETTINGS.each do |setting| class_eval %{ def #{setting}=(val); self.settings[:#{setting}] = (val == "1"); end def #{setting}; self.settings[:#{setting}]; end } end def initialize_settings self.settings ||= { :show_on_sale => true, :show_upcoming => true } end after_initialize :initialize_settings # All the other stuff the model does end The idea was to use a single record field (settings) to persist a bunch of configuration data for this object, but allow all the settings to seamlessly work with form helpers and the like. (Why this approach makes sense here is a little out of scope, but let's assume that it does.) Net-net, Widget should end up with instance methods (eg #show_on_sale= #show_on_sale) for all the entires in the VALID_SETTINGS array. Any default values should be specified in initialize_settings. And indeed this works, mostly. In dev and staging, no problems at all. But in production, the app sometimes ends up in a state where a) any writes to the dynamically generated setters fail and b) none of the default values appear to be set - although my leading theory is that the dynamically generated reader methods are just broken. The code, db, and environment is otherwise identical between the three. A typical error message / backtrace on the fail looks like: IndexError: index 141145 out of string (eval):2:in []=' (eval):2:inshow_on_sale=' [GEM_ROOT]/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb:2746:in send' [GEM_ROOT]/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb:2746:inattributes=' [GEM_ROOT]/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb:2742:in each' [GEM_ROOT]/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb:2742:inattributes=' [GEM_ROOT]/gems/activerecord-2.3.5/lib/active_record/base.rb:2634:in `update_attributes!' ...(then controller and all the way down) Ideas or theories as to what might be going on? My leading theory is that something is going wrong in instance initialization wherein the class instance variable settings is ending up as a string rather than a hash. This explains both the above setter failure (:show_on_sale is being used to index into the string) and the fact that getters don't work (an out of bounds [] call on a string just returns nil). But then how and why might settings occasionally end up as a string rather than hash?

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• How to get a handle/reference to the current controller object inside a rails functional test?

  - by Dave Paroulek

  I must be missing something very simple, but can't find the answer to this. I have a method named foo inside bar_controller. I simply want to call that method from inside a functional test. Here's my controller: class BarsController < ApplicationController def foo # does stuff end end Here's my functional test: class BarsControllerTest << ActionController::TestCase def "test foo" do # run foo foo # assert stuff end end When I run the test I get: NameError: undefined local variable or method `foo' for #<BarsControllerTest:0x102f2eab0> All the documentation on functional tests describe how to simulate a http get request to the bar_controller which then runs the method. But I'd just like to run the method without hitting it with an http get or post request. Is that possible? There must be a reference to the controller object inside the functional test, but I'm still learning ruby and rails so need some help.

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• Is it Pythonic to have a class keep track of its instances?

  - by Lightbreeze

  Take the following code snippet class Missile: instances = [] def __init__(self): Missile.instances.append(self) Now take the code: class Hero(): ... def fire(self): Missile() When the hero fires, a missile needs to be created and appended to the main list. Thus the hero object needs to reference the list when it fires. Here are a few solutions, although I'm sure there are others: Make the list a global, Use a class variable (as above), or Have the hero object hold a reference to the list. I didn't post this on gamedev because my question is actually more general: Is the previous code considered okay? Given a situation like this, is there a more Pythonic solution?

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• Ruby - Subclassing array to make it randomize when flattened

  - by Markus O'Reilly

  I'm trying to subclass Array in ruby to make it randomize its elements when flatten! is called. Looking at the source code for Array#flatten (http://ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Array.src/M002218.html), it looks like it should recursively call flatten! on any array contained within an array. So, I tried doing something like this: class RandArray < Array def randomize! self.sort!{rand(3)-1} end def flatten! randomize! super end end However, when a normal array contains my RandArray and flatten is called on the normal array, flatten! is never called in my array. I figure ruby is just calling some other method to flatten the arrays recursively, but I can't figure out what that is. Any tips?

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• Dynamic/runtime method creation (code generation) in Python

  - by Eli Bendersky

  Hello, I need to generate code for a method at runtime. It's important to be able to run arbitrary code and have a docstring. I came up with a solution combining exec and setattr, here's a dummy example: class Viking(object): def __init__(self): code = ''' def dynamo(self, arg): """ dynamo's a dynamic method! """ self.weight += 1 return arg * self.weight ''' self.weight = 50 d = {} exec code.strip() in d setattr(self.__class__, 'dynamo', d['dynamo']) if __name__ == "__main__": v = Viking() print v.dynamo(10) print v.dynamo(10) print v.dynamo.__doc__ Is there a better / safer / more idiomatic way of achieving the same result?

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• PyQt4, QThread and opening big files without freezing the GUI

  - by jmrbcu

  Hi, I would like to ask how to read a big file from disk and maintain the PyQt4 UI responsive (not blocked). I had moved the load of the file to a QThread subclass but my GUI thread get freezed. Any suggestions? I think it must be something with the GIL but I don't know how to sort it? EDIT: I am using vtkGDCMImageReader from the GDCM project to read a multiframe DICOM image and display it with vtk and pyqt4. I do this load in a different thread (QThread) but my app freeze until the image is loaded. here is an example code: class ReadThread(QThread): def __init__(self, file_name): super(ReadThread, self).__init__(self) self.file_name = file_name self.reader.vtkgdcm.vtkGDCMImageReader() def run(self): self.reader.SetFileName(self.file_name) self.reader.Update() self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL('image_loaded'), self.reader.GetOutput())

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• adding model validation errors in rescue

  - by ash34

  I have the following model with a virtual attribute class Mytimeperiod < ActiveRecord::Base validates presence of :from_dt validates_format_of :from_dt, :with => /\A\d{2}\/\d{2}\/\d{4}\Z/, :message => "format is mm/dd/yyyy" def from_dt self.from_date.strftime("%m/%d/%Y") if !self.from_date.blank? end def from_dt=(from_dt) self.from_date = Date.parse(from_dt) rescue self.errors.add_to_base("invalid from dt") end end I am using <%= f.error_messages %> to display the error messages on the form. I am using from_dt as a virtual attribute (string). The 'presence of' and 'format of' validation errors show up on the form, but when the user enters an invalid date format on the form and Date.Parse raises an exception I have a 'errors.add_to_base' statement in the rescue clause. Can anyone tell me why this error does not show up in the form error messages when I disable the 'format of' validation. thanks.

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