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• PC freezes after repeated clicking noises

  - by Péter Török

  I have an oldish PC (Athlon XP 2200, WinXP). Every time I switch it on, I hear a loud "click" first of all, and when it is shut down, again a click is the last sound I hear. Lately it started to behave erratically: it started to click loudly in the middle of a session. First only once in a while, then repeatedly for several seconds in a row, and finally it froze completely. We were not doing anything particular during these times, usually just browsing the web. This has already happened twice in a few week's time period. We typically use it only in the evenings, so when the freeze happened, I just decided it is time for the bed. When it was started up the next day, everything looked fine. Any hints on what could be the culprit? Could it be caused by an ageing heat fan, or dust that has accumulated inside the case? We are backing up all the data stored on it, and then will open the case to look inside, but I thought it would be good to get some background info first of all.

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• Debian - starting UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) before network interfaces are operational

  - by Tomasz Zielinski

  I want to install UFW on Debian Lenny. Everything looks straightforward except that I don't know where to plug UFW startup script so that it configures iptables before hax0rs can break in. I've reviewed runlevel directories and in /etc/rc0.d, /etc/rc6.d and /etc/rcS.d there are items like these: S35networking -> ../init.d/networking S36ifupdown -> ../init.d/ifupdown Runlevel 0 and 6 are for shutdown and reboot so I guess nothing should be changed there, but runlevel S advertises itself (in README) like something for me: The scripts in this directory whose names begin with an 'S' are executed once when booting the system, even when booting directly into single user mode. The following sequence points are defined at this time: * After the S40 scripts have executed, all local file systems are mounted and networking is available. All device drivers have been initialized. (What bothers me is that both rc0/6.d and rcS.d point to the same networking and ifupdown scripts, but after looking at sources I believe those scripts are smart enough to figure out where to start and where to stop networking.) Now, I think that I should plug my /lib/ufw/ufw-init into /etc/rcS.d, with priority higher that the one of ifupdown and networking, i.e. <= 38 for my /etc/rcS.d. Am I right in this "analysis" ?

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• How to diagnose occasional sudden resets?

  - by steve314

  I have a Windows XP system, and have recently upgraded by adding 2 1GB sticks of RAM to the 2x0.5GB already present. Since then, about once per day (the system is used 8+ hours per day), the system has suddenly and unexpectedly reset. On a couple of occasions, the system has frozen completely, only responding to the power button being held in for several seconds to force power off. Nothing at all ever appears in the system event log that might indicate a possible cause - everything seems to suggest business as usual. Sounds like faulty memory - but memtest86+ says otherwise. A full test, taking over an hour, found no issues. The next likely suspicion, then, is that I've knocked something while installing the RAM. Trouble is, everything I can think of to test seems fine. I've opened up the case and prodded a few things around, hoping to get better contact on connections etc, but there's no sign yet as to whether that has made a difference or not. I thought about a malware-related timing fluke, but again, so far as I can tell I'm all clear. All I can think of to add to my checklist (mainly of things that I can't easily check) is... The power supply is (1) only 350W, (2) not necessarily the best quality, and (3) powering a Prescott P4 640 3.2GHz. Could that be borderline overloaded or about to die? How do I check? Is it possible that the CPU isn't getting cooled properly? I haven't had the fan past normal tickover even doing video encoding, and the only sane temperature reading from SpeedFan is pretty steady at 36 celcius, so probably not. Any thoughts? Is there a standard procedure for diagnosing this kind of fault?

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• Concatenating ogg video files from the command line

  - by Noufal Ibrahim

  Okay. I've got a few ogg files I've created using a desktop recording tool. I've transcoded them using ffmpeg once (mainly to clip out the beginnings and the ends). Now, I have 3 such files which I want to concatenate into a single .ogv file. I tried using oggCat, it crashed with some kind of error (I tried concatenating a file to itself using oggCat and that failed too leading me to believe that my distro is shipping a broken version of the package). Simply cating the files works but I can't seek which is not cool. mencoder run like this mencoder -ovc lavc -oac lavc file1.ogv file2.ogv file3.ogv -o complete.ogv. It transcodes the files into an avi and clips off a little of the 3 videos. So, how do I do this? Update 1: My current workaround is to transcode the 3 files into .mpg using ffmpeg, then cating them together and then transcoding them back into ogv. Update 2: PiTiVi works for this kind of thing but I need something from the command line that I can automate and script.

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• setting up git on cygwin - openssl

  - by Pete Field

  I'm trying to get git running in cygwin on a windows 7 machine I have git unpacked and the directory git-1.7.1.1 when i run make install from within that directory, I get CC fast-import.o In file included from builtin.h:4, from fast-import.c:147: git-compat-util.h:136:19: iconv.h: No such file or directory git-compat-util.h:140:25: openssl/ssl.h: No such file or directory git-compat-util.h:141:25: openssl/err.h: No such file or directory In file included from builtin.h:6, from fast-import.c:147: cache.h:9:21: openssl/sha.h: No such file or directory In file included from fast-import.c:156: csum-file.h:10: error: parse error before "SHA_CTX" csum-file.h:10: warning: no semicolon at end of struct or union csum-file.h:15: error: 'crc32' redeclared as different kind of symbol /usr/include/zlib.h:1285: error: previous declaration of 'crc32' was here csum-file.h:15: error: 'crc32' redeclared as different kind of symbol /usr/include/zlib.h:1285: error: previous declaration of 'crc32' was here csum-file.h:17: error: parse error before '}' token fast-import.c: In function `store_object': fast-import.c:995: error: `SHA_CTX' undeclared (first use in this function) fast-import.c:995: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once fast-import.c:995: error: for each function it appears in.) fast-import.c:995: error: parse error before "c" fast-import.c:1000: warning: implicit declaration of function `SHA1_Init' fast-import.c:1000: error: `c' undeclared (first use in this function) fast-import.c:1001: warning: implicit declaration of function `SHA1_Update' fast-import.c:1003: warning: implicit declaration of function `SHA1_Final' fast-import.c: At top level: fast-import.c:1118: error: parse error before "SHA_CTX" fast-import.c: In function `truncate_pack': fast-import.c:1120: error: `to' undeclared (first use in this function) fast-import.c:1126: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type fast-import.c:1127: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type fast-import.c:1128: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type fast-import.c:1128: error: `ctx' undeclared (first use in this function) fast-import.c: In function `stream_blob': fast-import.c:1140: error: `SHA_CTX' undeclared (first use in this function) fast-import.c:1140: error: parse error before "c" fast-import.c:1154: error: `pack_file_ctx' undeclared (first use in this functio n) fast-import.c:1154: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type fast-import.c:1160: error: `c' undeclared (first use in this function) make: *** [fast-import.o] Error 1 I'm guessing that most of these errors are due to the iconv.h and openssl files which apparently are missing, but I can't figure out how I'm supposed to install those (if I am), or if there is some other way to get around this.

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• Piecing together low-powered hardware for an RS-232 terminal server

  - by Fred

  I'm working on reconstructing my Cisco lab for training/educational purposes and I found that the actual terminal server I have is dead. I have a couple of 8-port PCI serial cards which would be more than ample for my lab, but I don't want to leave my personal computer running to be able to access the console ports. Ideally I would access the terminal server remotely, either by SSH/RDP to the box (depending on what OS I go with) or by installing a software package that allows me to telnet directly to a serial port. I know I've found a program that does this under Linux in the past but its name escapes me at the moment. I'm thinking about scavenging for some old hardware, on eBay or something, to put together a low-powered PC. Needs to be something that: Has Low-power consumption Has at least 2 PCI slots (though I certainly wouldn't complain about having more) Has onboard Ethernet (or, if not, another PCI or ISA slot (not shared)) Can be headless once an OS installed (probably Linux) I'm currently leaning towards an old fashioned Pentium (sub-133MHz era) but I am wondering if anybody else knows of another platform/mobo that would suit these needs. Alternatively, I've been considering buying a Raspberry Pi and a big USB hub along with a bunch of USB-Serial adapters but this sounds like it'd get messy quick with cables and adapters all over the place, and I may not even have the same ttyS#'s between boots.

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• Setting up a Network Bridge on Linux VM (Windows 7 Host)

  - by GrandAdmiral

  I would like to use NetEm to simulate a low bandwidth environment while testing an Internet-connected device. My plan is to setup a bridge in a Linux VM (Linux Mint 13) on a Windows 7 host. Unfortunately I'm having trouble setting up the bridge. Then I can use NetEm in the Linux VM to limit the bandwidth to an external device. I went with the following script: ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 promisc up Then create the bridge and bring it up: brctl addbr br0 brctl setfd br0 0 brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl addif br0 eth1 dhclient br0 ifconfig br0 up When I run that script, I see the following warning: Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8) utility, e.g. service smbd reload Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an Upstart job, you may also use the reload(8) utility, e.g. reload smbd The device connecting to the bridge is able to obtain an IP Address, but it can only ping the IP Address of the bridge (both are 10.2.32.xx). Then after a few minutes, other parts of our network go down. I'm not sure why, but once I kill the bridge the network is fine. Is it possible to setup a network bridge in a Linux VM? Do I need to do something else with the dhclient br0 part of the script? By the way, I'm using VirtualBox. The wired connection is eth0 and the wireless connection is eth1. The wired connection is connecting to the device and the wireless connection is going to the network. Both adapters are set up as bridged adapters with promiscuous mode set to "allow all".

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• Mac SMB connections to Windows 2003 server, leaving Open Files

  - by Bruce Garlock

  We have several Mac clients (Both 10.5, and 10.6) mounting a share from a Windows 2003 server. At least once a day, our archivist will go into this share to archive items from it, to the backup server. Most of the time, she has no issues: she copies the folder to the archive server, when it's done, she deletes it from this share. Then, she will come upon one, and it will say she doesn't have permission. When I go into the Open sessions, it will say that a particular user has a READ lock on the file, in Windows 2003. Of course, this person does not have the file open, and the only way we can delete it, is to close the open session on the file. My thoughts: The Mac likes to "sprinkle" Hidden "Resource Forks" on SMB servers, and possibly, when this Mac who last wrote to that share, closes out of the file, and these files still exist. Windows 2003 has a bug, that doesn't properly "release" the OPLOCK on the file? Steve Ballmer just doesn't like Mac's, so he wants to annoy everyone by not releasing file locks :-) What can be done about this? It happens every day, and sometimes several times per day! Many thanks, Bruce

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• Converting software RAID1 to RAID10 for /boot

  - by luckytaxi

  Array info: /dev/md0 - /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 /dev/md2 - /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb2 Partition info: /boot - /dev/md0 / - /dev/md1 I have two drives that are setup as RAID1 using software RAID on Redhat. I added two additional drives (same size) and I would like to conver the RAID1 to a RAID10. The problem I'm having is adding the last drive to the array. I've gotten as far as creating a RAID10 with two missing devices but as soon as I add the last drive, all hell breaks loose. It seems /dev/sda1 is the culprit. What I'm not too sure about is how to create the RAID10. I've tried the following mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=raid10 --raid-device=4 /dev/sdc1 missing /dev/sdd1 missing I then proceeded to fail /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md0 and added that partition to /dev/md2. I proceeded to install the MBR on EACH partition since boot resides on /dev/sdx1 on each drive. As a test, all is well, I'm able to boot back into the system once I do a quick reboot. Now, when I go add the last drive /dev/sda1, it breaks. I attempted to install grub on /dev/sda1 and I get the following ... grub> root (hd0,0) /dev/sda root (hd0,0) /dev/sda Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no Error 2: Bad file or directory type At this point, the array is hosed I believe. I rebooted the server and it refuses to boot.

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• How to crop Screen Recordings under Snow Leopard?

  - by willc2

  Quicktime Player for Snow Leopard now allows you record the screen. Awesome! Once you have a movie it will let you trim screen recordings for length. Is there a way to crop the movie's dimensions, either in QT or using some built-in or free software? Update: How to crop to an arbitrary size and aspect ratio? iMovie only seems to let you crop to the aspect ratio of the containing project. Result: Both good answers but since I have QuickTime Player 7 and Photoshop, that's the workflow I choose as the answer. NOTE: If you have Photoshop Extended, you can import a movie, use the crop tool, and Export the cropped movie. Not free or built-in, but convenient. To summarize the instructions from the video link ricbax posted: Open movie in QuickTime Player 7 Copy a frame and Paste it into a new document in Photoshop Draw a rectangular selection around the area to keep and fill with black Invert the selection and fill with white Save as .GIF, with 2 colors Back in QuickTime Player 7, open Movie Properties window Select the Video Track Select the Visual Settings Tab Drag and Drop the 2-color .GIF file onto the Mask drop area (or use choose file button) Export the (now cropped) movie DONE

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• When did my LaTeX files become TeX files!?

  - by andrz_001

  After transferring all my files onto a new machine, all files that were once LaTeX files (having the texnic center "T" icon) are now TeX files (having the TeX works icon --I don't remember installing that one!). But....the files are associated with the technic center! In other words, the files open with the texnic center, yet the "type of file" is "tex document". I'm using the same miktex distrubution and texnicCenter (both for windows xp) as on the old machine. Again, I don't know how/where I got this texworks on the new machine--assuming it came with windows. A question: Could these tex associations cause me any new surprises, anything unexpected? Like certain packages not working, etc? Because I can't have that!! Should I not fix it if it ain't broken!? For instance, one particular file yesterday would not produce any pdf output after compiling...after trying many things (other files compiled as they should have), I got to thinking to try it without the setspace for doublespacing!! And it worked. I have no idea why. Anyway.... Real question: How to revert to LaTeX file associations?? Rhetorical question: Would this question have better luck in ctan or stackoverflow? I guess I'll find out! Thank you wholeheartedly!

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• Can I use IIS to do ActiveDirectory single-sign-on for another website?

  - by brofield

  I'm trying to add Active Directory single-sign-on support to an existing SOAP server. The server can be configured to accept a trusted reverse-proxy and use the X-Remote-User HTTP header for the authenticated user. I want to configure IIS to be the trusted proxy for this service, so that it handles all of the Active Directory authentication for the SOAP server. Basically IIS would have to accept HTTP connections on port X and URL Y, do all the authentication, and then proxy the connection to a different server (most likely the same X and Y). Unfortunately, I have no knowledge of IIS or AD (so I am trying my best to learn enough to build this solution) so please be gentle. I would assume that this is not an uncommon scenario, so is there some easy way to do this? Is this sort of functionality built into IIS or do I need to build some sort of IIS proxy program myself? Is there a better option for getting the authentication done and the X-Remote-User HTTP header set than requiring IIS? Update: For example, what I am trying to create is: [CLIENT] [IIS] [AD] [SOAP-SERVER] 1. |---------------->| 2. |<--------------->|<---------->| 3. |--------------------------->| 4. |<---------------------------| 5. |<----------------| 1. POST to http://example.com/foo/bar.cgi 2. Client is not authenticated, so do authentication 3. Once validated, send request to server (X-Remote-User: {userid}) 4. Process request, send response 5. Forward response to client I need to know how to configure IIS to do the automatic authentication of the user using AD, and then to proxy the request to the actual server, sending the userid in the X-Remote-User HTTP header.

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• I receive email not addressed to me - virus?

  - by Anne

  Every once in a while I receive email (on Gmail) that isn't addressed to me. Gmail puts it in the spam box, because it 'can't verify that it has been sent by [sender]'. The emails, when opened, contain confidential information about deliveries and paid bills (it does look an awful lot like 'real' mail from well-known companies, and it doesn't look like a scam, since the mail is informative - they give information instead of asking for credit card numbers ;-)), and I even got an email from "Facebook" that I requested a password change and that I have to 'click here' to change the password for [email address that isn't mine]. I am not the only addressee, there seems to be a whole list of Gmail addresses beginning with 'a'. The original addressee obviously has some sort of virus, and now I wonder if this could be a risk for me too. Is my email being sent around without my knowing too? I am not the kind of person who randomly clicks on shady links - I am very careful on the internet - but maybe there are other ways of catching viruses? Is there something I should do/check? Thank you for your help!

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• Routing subnet over GRE tunnel

  - by eMgz

  Hi, Im trying to configure a GRE over IPSec connection between two subnets. The IPSec tunnel is opened and now I want to add a GRE tunnel over it: ip tunnel add GRE01 mode gre remote 10.244.0.1 local 10.244.245.32 ttl 255 ip link set GRE01 up ip addr add 10.244.248.126 dev GRE01 ip route add 10.244.248.125 dev GRE01 Now I have an interface GRE01 (ifconfig): GRE10 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr <h_addr> inet addr:10.244.248.126 P-t-P:10.244.248.126 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1476 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) And the following routes (ip route list): 10.244.248.125 dev GRE10 scope link <pub_subnet> dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src <pub_ip> default via <pub_gw> dev eth0 metric 100 As a last step, I need now to route my subnet over the tunnel: ip route add 10.245.1.224/28 10.244.248.125 However, I am getting the error Error: either "to" is duplicate, or "10.244.248.125" is a garbage. So, what I didn't understand is why I can't route my subnet over the tunnel, once the only route I have there says that it should route the tunnel IP over the GRE01 interface. Any hint? Thanks.

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• How do I repair my Logitech Anywhere MX?

  - by Stefano Palazzo

  My Anywhere Mouse has got mushy mouse button syndrome. That is, the left mouse button feels a little bit soft, and it easily double clicks, let's go when I drag something. Before I repair it at home, rather than bringing it to the store (I kind of need it, it's the only one I have), I'd like to know exactly what I'm doing. It'd be too bad if I tried to repair it, voided the warranty and didn't succeed. I'm guessing there are screws to open it under the rubber pads. And I suppose I can take those off without breaking them, and put them back on without bending them. How is this mouse held together, and what's the safest way to open it? Once I have it open, will I be able to fix the problem? What's causing the mushy mouse button? Here's what I know so far: It might be the switch itself that's broken, in which case I shouldn't open it (I can't get a replacement, voiding the warranty to "have a look" seems pointless) If there are screws underneath the rubber pads, they're only on the 'front', the back two thirds of the mouse are all battery cover: There's nothing I can see under the batteries either. In the mouse I had before this one, there were sort of springy things connecting the actual button with the switch soldered to the board. They were just lying inside of a bit of plastic, and I could swap the left and right ones easily. If repairing it is more difficult, transferring the problem to the right mouse button would be a very good start.

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• Tracking down source of duplicate email messages in Outlook / Exchange environment

  - by Ken Pespisa

  I have a few users, who are also Blackberry users, that occasionally have duplicate emails generated from their "mailbox". I put mailbox in quotes because I'm not exactly sure where the duplicates are created. One of these users is in non-cached mode, and the other is in cached mode, and both experience the problem. In fact, the non-cached mode user was originally experiencing the problem while in cached mode, and I made the switch a few weeks ago to attempt to solve the problem. Today I discovered the issue still exists. I'm not sure if the fact that they are blackberry users could be causing the problem at all. I don't see how, but felt I should mention it anyway. Does anyone have ideas on how I might begin to troubleshoot this? I can see in the non-cached user's mailbox "Sent Items" that the message was sent only once. I confirmed the message does not state that there was a conflict and in fact that makes sense because they are in non-cached mode. On the server, we have a mail journaling feature turned on for our third-party mail archiving system, and I can see that that system sees two sent messages. And likewise, the recipient does in fact have two messages in their inbox with consecutive message IDs ([email protected]) and ([email protected]). It would seem to me that the duplicates are generated on the client, but is there a way to tell for sure?

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• Windows 7 task bar stuck in hiding, how to fix?

  - by Rainer Blome

  In Windows 7, I use the "Auto-hide the task bar" feature. Usually, it works fine: As soon as the pointer touches the screen bottom, the task bar pops up. However sometimes, it refuses to rise. Pressing the "Windows" key (or Ctrl-ESC) makes the start menu appear, forcing the task bar from hinding as well. Once I've done this, the task-bar auto-rises again. This is annoying, it interrupts flow. Has anyone else noticed this? How do I avoid this? Searching for "Windows 7 task bar auto-raise" shows that at least one other person experienced this problem: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-desktop/how-can-i-fix-the-taskbars-auto-hide/8cdf6369-7354-4d29-9249-b7096ed0e28b?msgId=6dac3361-9d0f-4a9e-8642-b91a72826ba4 To answer the question posed by the "helpful" support engineer on the above page, of course I am running some apps when this happens, usually Explorer, Firefox, Eclipse, Cygwin/X, Xterm, Emacs, Notes, VPN client, Firewall. If my memory serves correctly, I have seen this behavior on earlier versions of Windows as well, XP at least. To reproduce this behavior, I tried switching between apps, and bringing apps to open other windows. I am unable to reproduce this behavior so far. So far, it appears to happen out of the blue, sometimes multiple times a day. Looks like a bug to me. The task bar should raise no matter what.

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• Mac Backup Plan

  - by Chuy77

  I'm reviewing my backup plan and would appreciate any thoughts about what more I should do (if anything) to make sure I'm properly covered in case of all hell breaking loose. :-) I have one machine. 1) I run a nightly clone with SuperDuper. I alternate the clone drive weekly so I have two clones, one never more than a week old. 2) I use BackBlaze as a sort of Time Machine in the cloud. It runs all the time and keeps everything on my machine backed up online. 3) I sync all my 1Password logins, etc. to my iPhone once a week. ...And that's it. I feel pretty covered. But I'm always reading stuff like this: http://www.43folders.com/2010/03/15/yes-another-backup-lecture And that doesn't even mention online backup, and seems like a huge pain in the behind. But maybe I'm being naive? Should I have more backups? Thanks for any feedback. I really appreciate it.

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• Ubuntu Wubi "drive" failure; mount drive in XP?

  - by 618034

  Hi there, I installed the Wubi distribution of Ubuntu on a separate partition (which is silly, since why do I care if Windows can still manage the partition?) a few months back; it was pretty awesome, until Linux hosed. At this point, I can get Ubuntu to boot if I try really hard through grub, but once it does start, the screen is hosed, so no dice. At this point, I'd like to wipe it all and start over, but I need to get some stuff off the "disk". The Wubi install makes this difficult, since the "disk" is a flat file on an NTFS partition. I've done just about everything I can think of — I renamed the virtual disk .iso, mounted it with VirtualCloneDrive, then used whatever magic EXT3 (EXT4?) readers I could dig up on the Internet to parse the mount — but nothing's working. Can you offer any suggestions? The "disk" is currently in D:\ubuntu\disks\root.iso. Many thanks! (I may be high-latency at the moment, apologies if I don't address follow-ups quickly)

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• Outlook certificate error and separate send/receive error

  - by Richard

  I run a laptop with Vista 32bit and MS Office 2010. Outlook has two profiles, both configured as POP3/SMTP and neither go through an exchange server. Recently, one of the mail servers (hosted with easily) was getting full, so I changed the profile setting to delete from the server if mails are older than 60 days. Suddenly, I am now experiencing a couple of glitches. The first is that I get a certificate error when outlook tries it's first send/receive under the relevant profile - "The server you are connected to is using a security certificate that cannot be verified" This continues despite apparently successfully re-importing the certificate. The second glitch is that I get a "Sending reported error (0x8004010F): 'Outlook data file cannot be accessed'" error on send receive. Strangely, it seems to be trying to send/receive twice - once to 'mail@domain', which works, and the second to 'domain' which doesn't. I've tried deleting the profile and re-creating it, pointing to the original .pst file, but still get both errors. Does anybody know how I can resolve these errors? (As a by note, and not that important, more for curiosity, does anybody know why simply changing the delete from server setting against that profile would cause these issues?)

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• TCP Handshake and port numbers

  - by Guido

  (I have a question about the TCP handshake and how port numbers are assigned, if this does not belong here, let me know.) Hi, I'm studying TCP/IP from the book "Internetworking with TCP/IP" by Douglas Comer. In the TCP chapter it mentions that TCP defines an "endpoint" as a pair (IP address, port number), and a connection is defined by two endpoints. This has a few implications, such as, a local TCP port could be in several connections at once, as long as there are no two from the same IP and the same remote port. This also means that the amount of established connections is almost limitless (2^16 for every IPv4 address. 2^48 in total). Now, in class, I was told that when one connects to a listening port, both sides agree on a different port to use, so the communication can happen and the listener socket remains free. This was also my belief before reading the book. Now I feel like I should obviously trust the book (It's Comer!), but is there any truth to the other explanation? Thanks

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• Bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adaptors

  - by stacey.richards

  I would like to be able to connect a desktop computer that does not have a wireless adapter to my wireless network. I could just run a network cable from my ADSL/wireless router to the desktop computer but sometimes this is not practical. What I would really like to do is bridge my laptop's wireless and wired adapters in such a way that I can run a network cable from my laptop to a switch and another network cable from the switch to a desktop computer so that the desktop computer can access the Internet through my ADSL/wireless router via my latop: +--------------------+ |ADSL/wireless router| +--------------------+ | +-------------------------+ |laptop's wireless adaptor| | | |laptop's wired adaptor | +-------------------------+ | +------+ |switch| +------+ | +-----------------------+ |desktop's wired adapter| +-----------------------+ A bit of Googling suggests that I can do this by bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adapters. In Windows XP's Network Connections I select both the Local Area Connection and the Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections. From what I gather, this (layer 2?) bridge will examine the MAC address of traffic coming from the wireless network and pass it through to the wired network if it suspects that a network adapter with that MAC address may be on the wired side, and vice-versa. If this is the case, I would assume that when the desktop computer attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server (which is running on the ADSL/wireless router), it would send a DHCP broadcast packet which would pass through the laptop's bridge to the router and the reply would return through the laptop's bridge back to the desktop. This doesn't happen. With some more Googling I find some instruction how this can be done with Linux. I reboot to Ubuntu 9.10 and type the following: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo ipconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 sudo ipconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 Once again, the desktop cannot reach the ADSL/wireless router. I suspect that I'm missing some simple important step. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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• Setting up Live @ EDU

  - by user73721

  [PROBLEM] Hello everyone. I have a small issue here. We are trying to get our exchange accounts for students only ported over from an exchange server 2003 to the Microsoft cloud services known as live @ EDU. The problem we are having is that in order to do this we need to install 2 pieces of software 1: OLSync 2: Microsoft Identity Life cycle Manager "Download the Galsync.msi here" the "Here" link takes you to a page that needs a login for an admin account for live @ EDU. That part works. However once logged in it redirects to a page that states: https://connect.microsoft.com/site185/Downloads/DownloadDetails.aspx?DownloadID=26407 Page Not Found The content that you requested cannot be found or you do not have permission to view it. If you believe you have reached this page in error, click the Help link at the top of the page to report the issue and include this ID in your e-mail: afa16bf4-3df0-437c-893a-8005f978c96c [WHAT I NEED] I need to download that file. Does anyone know of an alternative location for that installation file? I also need to obtain Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) Server 2007, Feature Pack 1 (FP1). If anyone has any helpful information that would be fantastic! As well if anyone has completed a migration of account from a on site exchange 2003 server to the Microsoft Live @ EDU servers any general guidance would be helpful! Thanks in advance.

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• append $myorigin to localpart of 'from', append different domain to localpart of incomplete recipient address

  - by PJ P

  We have been having some trouble getting Postfix to behave in a very specific fashion in which sender and recipient addresses with only a localpart (i.e. no @domain) are handled differently. We have a number of applications that use mailx to send messages. We would like to know the username and hostname of the sending party. For example, if root sends an email from db001.company.local, we would like the email to be addressed from [email protected]. This is accomplished by ensuring $myorigin is set to $myhostname. We also want unqualified recipients to have a different domain appended. For example, if a message is sent to 'dbadmin' it should qualify to '[email protected]'. However, by the nature of Postfix and $myorigin, an unqualified recipient would instead qualify to [email protected]. We do not want to adjust the aliases on all servers to forward appropriately. (in fact, every possible recipient doesn't have an entry in /etc/passwd) All company employees have mailboxes on Exchange, which Postfix eventually routes to, and no local Linux/Unix mailboxes are used or access. We would love to tell our application owners to ensure they use a fully qualified email address for all recipients, but the powers that be dictate that any negligence must be accommodated. If we were to keep $myorigin equal to $myhostname, we could resolve this issue by having an entry such as the following in 'recipient_canonical_maps': @$myorigin @company.com However, unfortunately, we cannot use variables in these map files. We also want to avoid having to manually enter and maintain the actual hostname in 'recipient_canonical_maps' for each server. Perhaps once our servers are 'puppetized' we can dynamically adjust this file, but we're not there yet. After an afternoon of fiddling I've decided to reach out. Any thoughts? Thanks in advance.

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• 13" MacBook Pro with Win 7 and External VGA gets 640x480

  - by Jim McKeeth

  I have a brand new 13" MacBook Pro - 2.26 GHz and the NVIDIA 9400M Video card. I installed Windows 7 (final) in boot camp and booted up to Windows 7. Installed all the drivers from the Apple disk and it was working great. Then I attached the external VGA adapter (from apple) to connect to a projector and it dropped down at 640x480 resolution. No matter what I did it wouldn't let me change to a higher resolution if the external VGA was connected. Once it disconnects then it goes back to the normal resolution. If I am booted into Snow Leopard it works fine. I tried updating the NVIDIA drivers and it behaved exactly the same. Ultimately I want to get 1024x768 or better resolution when connected to an external display. If it isn't fixable then I am curious if anyone else has seen this, if it is a known issue, and who to contact for support (Apple, Microsoft or NVIDIA?) Update: Just attaching the Mini-DVI to VGA adapter kicks it into 640x480, no projector is required. I tried forcing the display driver from Generic PnP Monitor to one that supported 1024x768 and that didn't work either.

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