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• Convert old videos to have smaller sizes

  - by Tim

  I have some videos from a few years ago,with various formats, such as avi, mpg, wmv, rm, rmvb, .... Their sizes are huge(more than 500 MB, and sometimes 1GB). Given there may likely be some advance in data compression, I would like to know which file formats and compression methods are recommended these days, by the standard that without losing obvious data, while achieving big size reduction. How can I perform the file format conversion and data compression in Ubuntu 12.04? Command line and batch ways would be the most convenient, although GUI ways are also appreciated. Thanks and regards!

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• grub2 error: out of disk

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'm trying to make a 250G USB hard disk Ubuntu-bootable on a Compaq nc6220 laptop. I've removed all other disks, so /dev/sda (the USB disk) is the only disk other than CDROM. I installed Ubuntu 9.10 to this disk from the live CD, putting the bootloader on /dev/sda . The default system couldn't be booted, and nothing I did in the Grub menu/cmdline helped. So I chrooted onto the disk and did grub-install /dev/sda. That seemed to work fine, but Grub (1.97 beta 4) keeps coming up with error: out of disk Even when I drop to the command line to do something simple like ls or help, it's always the same error message. Any hints for resolving this, please?

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• Strange PHP output buffering

  - by radek-k

  PHP: header('Content-type: text/plain'); for ($i=0; $i<10; $i++){ echo "$i\r\n"; ob_flush(); flush(); sleep(1); } I tried script above on 2 different servers. Both respond numbers 0...9 in every line. In case of first server each number is received every second. In case of second server there is no output for 10 seconds and entire output is displayed at once. What might be wrong int second case? I tried various uutput control Functions but it didn't help. Set of response headers in both cases is pretty much the same: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2011 19:21:21 GMT Server: Apache X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.14 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Transfer-Encoding: chunked Content-Type: text/plain

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• How to mount encrypted volume at login (Ubuntu 12.04, pam_mount)

  - by Nick Lothian

  I'm trying to get pam_mount working on Ubuntu 12.04. I have /dev/sda1 (encrypted partition) with /dev/dm-1 (ext4 formatted) inside it. Should ~/.pam_mount.conf.xml be trying to mount /dev/sda1 or /dev/dm-1? If I use the line: <volume fstype="ext4" path="/dev/dm-1" mountpoint="~/slowstore" options="rw" /> then it nearly works. It prompts for the password (ok, I'd like pam_mount to do that for me, but still..) then I get: pam_mount(rdconf2.c:126): checking sanity of luserconf volume record (/dev/dm-1) pam_mount(rdconf2.c:132): user-defined volume (/dev/dm-1), volume not owned by user If I do: sudo chown nick:disk /dev/dm-1 Then re-login the encrypted partition mounts correctly (ignoring th fact I have to reneter the password). However, if I log out completely the ownership on /dev/dm-1 gets reset to root:disk. What am I doing wrong?

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• dhcp code for pxe server

  - by avoq

  I'm trying to understand every single line of the following script but to no avail. I'd be glad if someone could help me. For sure I know its purpose is to start the DHCP server as well as the TFTP...But I'm stuck: killall dnsmasq 2>/dev/null dnsmasq --enable-tftp --tftp-root=$PXEDATA/boot --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,"$IP",$IP --dhcp-range=$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).50,$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).250, infinite --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.254 --log-dhcp Why killall, why dnsmasq 2 What does "2" stand for? "--" what does it mean? Thanks a lot.

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• git-receive-pack : command not found.

  - by Philippe Mongeau

  I made a git repo on a local machine with "git init --bare" and added it as the remote origin on the project on my main computer with ssh: git add remote origin [email protected]:repoName.git I was able to make a commit and push from my main computer to the other computer the day I created the repo, but today i tried and it didn't work. When I did "git push origin" it returned this error: bash: line 1: git-receive-pack: command not found fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly The two machines are mac the main one running Leopard and the server one running Tiger. I think it may be realted to the $PATH of git on the server but I'm not sure. i used theses instrution to create my git server: http://blog.commonthread.com/2008/4/14/setting-up-a-git-server

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• Comparison of Unix shells

  - by Andy White

  Of the major Unix shells (bash, ksh, tcsh, zsh, others?), are there any compelling reasons to use one over another? Which is the most interactive/command-line friendly? Which is the most conducive/intuitive for writing scripts? Are there any major built-in features that one shell offers that others don't? Are any of these shells really good for one type of function, but not another? Or are they all pretty well-rounded/flexible? Is it just a matter of personal preference? I can make this community wiki if anyone prefers.

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• Automate opening HTML and printing to PDF

  - by craigpatik

  I need a way to automate the following process in Windows 7: Open an .html file in Internet Explorer Print to PDF Save the PDF with a patterned file name (i.e., original_name_YYYY-MM-DD.pdf) Ideally, I could drag and drop several files or open a whole folder of files at once and a PDF would be created for each one. A command line solution is also acceptable. The files have to be opened in the browser because parts of the page are rendered with JavaScript on page load. In other words, if you simply right-click on the file in Explorer and choose "print", the resulting file is not the same because the JS didn't run. If it helps, Internet Explorer can be set as the default browser, and a PDF printer can be set as the default printer.

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• Unable to login into CentOS

  - by Rendl

  I had setup a multinode cluster using CentOS with VMware yesterday. Today when I reboot the nodes I get the below error on startup. "there is a problem with the configuration server status 256 centOS" (/usr/libexec/gconf-sanity-check-2 ) I am unable to login as root or any user as the screen is frozen. The solutions online is to change the permissions for some tmp files. My problem is I am unable to access the terminal as I cannot login. Also on reboot I do not have any recovery options in CentOS. I only see command line GRUB. I am new to linux and Hadoop.Pls help asap.

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• Unable to mount Amazon Public Dataset using ec2-create-volume

  - by the0ther

  I am trying to use a Public Dataset with the snapshot id of snap-­e1608d88. I am looking at these instructions, but they do not seem to help. The first suggestion there says I should click on Volumes and create a new volume, set it's size and availability zone, as well as specifying the snapshot id. The problem is, snapshot id is a dropdown, not a text field, and there are over 100 options in the dropdown. Next I installed the ec2 command line tools and tried to run the ec2-create-volume command. For my first attempt I tried ec2-create-volume --snapshot snap-­e1608d88 --availability-zone us-east-1 but that gave output indicating I need to provide a certificate with the --cert switch. Which certficate exactly? I tried my SSH cert at ~/.ssh/id_rsa. No dice. I got the following Java error: "org.codehaus.xfire.fault.XFireFault: General security error;"

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• Advice on off-site backup of Hyper-V Failover Cluster

  - by Paul McCowat

  We are currently setting up a Server 2008 R2 which will be off-site over a leased line with VPN. At the main site is 2 x Hyper-V hosts in a failover cluster with PowerVault M3000i iSCSI SAN. We are using BackupAssist for local backups and each host backups up itself and it's guests nightly creating a 500GB backup each which is copied to a 2TB rotated NAS drive. Files and SQL DB's are also backed up / log shipped etc. Looking for the best way to backup the Hyper-V VM's and copy them off-site so that the OS's are only a month old and the data is a day old. The main backups are too large to transfer between backups so options discussed so far are: Take rotating individual backups of the VM's each day and copy over, Day 1 SQL VM, Day 2 Exchange VM etc, would require more storage. Look in to Hyper-V snapshots, however don't believe these are supported in clustering. 3rd party replication tools

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• Automate Windows 8.1 Enterprise upgrade [migrated]

  - by Ben M.

  I have been trying to find the necessary command line switches for automating the upgrade for my Windows 8 clients to Windows 8.1. I have the ISO extracted and I've run setup.exe /? but that doesn't tell me enough. I can't find any relevant information from search engines. Can anyone point me to some documentation or information on how to automate the upgrade so that it keeps user data, programs, etc? I know how to do it when running the installer manually, but I obviously do not wish to do that with 100+ machines.

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• How can I restrict the backuppc client user as much as possible? (rsync)

  - by jxn

  I have backuppc making full backups of servers, but I'd like to be sure that my set up is as paranoid as possible. BackupPC is set up to backup via rsync, and it is set up to use a specific user on each client to be backed up. Because the backuppc client user has to have access to every file on the client machine and the ability to ssh into the machine without an interactive password, I'm a little nervous about securing the clients, and I'd like to know I haven't overlooked any options. Here's what I have in place: in the client user's authorized_keys file, i've included from="IPTOSERVER",command="/usr/bin/rsync" before the user's public key, so that the user can only login coming from the BackupPC server. Next, in the sudoers file, I've added this line: backuppc ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync to allow root-level permissions only for the rsync command for that user. Are there other user, policy, or ssh restrictions that I can add while still allowing the backup pc client user to rsync all files?

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• Where to set java heap options (e.g. -Xmx) for Tomcat 6 under Ubuntu 9.04?

  - by Chris

  I'm running Tomcat using the tomcat6 package from Ubuntu 9.04, which makes a daemon out of Tomcat using jsvc. I'd like to know the proper way to set Java heap options like -Xmx for Tomcat. I'd like to put the configuration wherever is most stylistically correct, and wherever is least likely to be overwritten by Ubuntu package updates. The options I see right now: Hard-code them somewhere in /etc/init.d/tomcat6. Hard-code them somewhere in /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh. Create a line in /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/startup.sh to set CATALINA_OPTS to have the desired flags, and then export CATALINA_OPTS as an environment variable. (This looks like it will get picked up by catalina.sh.) The last option sounds like the best one, and it's advocated (without explanation of why) at http://serverfault.com/questions/121038/increasing-javas-heapspace-in-tomcat-startup-script. But I wanted to get a second opinion. Anyone want to confirm that there isn't a better way?

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• How dow I remove 1.000.000 directories?

  - by harper

  I found that in a directory more than 1.000.000 subdirectories has been created due to a bug. I want to remove all these directories, let's say in the directory WebsiteCache. My first approach was to use the command line tool: cd WebsiteCache rmdir /Q /S . This will remove all subdirectories except the directory WebsiteCache itself, since it is the current working directory. I noticed after two hours that the directoriws starting with A-H have been removed. Why does rmdir removes the directories in alphabetical order? It must take additional effort to do this ordered. What is the fastest way to delete such an amount of directories?

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• Remove Duplicate Messages from Maildir

  - by Joseph Holsten

  I've got a bunch of duplicate messages in my IMAP server's Maildir. What's the best way to remove them? Some relevant points: Shared Message-ID is usually a good enough definition of duplicate. A tiny script that removes all but one of the duplicate messages would work. Sometimes it's necessary to find duplicates based on shared message bodies. What's a reasonable definition of shared here? Bitwise equivalent? What about weird differences in line wrapping, escaping, character encoding? Sometimes there's some meaningful difference between 'duplicate' messages. What's the best way to review the differences in sets of 'duplicate' messages? Diffs?

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• XAMPP won't start Apache on Mac OS

  - by Paul Masri

  When I try starting Apache from the XAMPP control panel (Mac OSX Snow Leopard), I get the following error popup and Apache won't start: /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/apachectl: line 70: ulimit: open files: cannot modify limit: Invalid argument (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 XAMPP was running perfectly 10 minutes earlier. I stopped Apache to add some .conf files and it failed on restart. I removed all the new .conf files (i.e. reverted it to how it was before) but now I get the above message. EDIT: I've checked AppMonitor and I see the "httpd" processes (one by _www nested within root). Just tried quitting these but they're auto-restarted on new process IDs and it didn't solve the problem.

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• group write permission ignored in ubuntu

  - by NorthPole

  Its probably my stupidy here but i'm stuck on this and would appreciate the help. I want my user to have full access to the local apache root folder, and i also want the apache to have full access to the same folder. What i did was create a new group called DevGroup and i added my username and www-data there. also i changed the permissions to 770 to allow full group access but now it wont allow me or the apache any kind of access to the folder. here is what i get with ls drwxrwx--- 12 root DevGroup 4096 Sep 27 17:34 testFolder which seems perfect but when i try as a user to access the file i get this var/www$ ls testFolder/ ls: cannot open directory testFolder/: Permission denied also when i try to access the a page in the folder from browser [Thu Sep 27 17:47:16 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] PHP Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required '/var/www/testFolder/foo.php' (include_path='.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in Unknown on line 0

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• Postfix not delivering mails

  - by Sotocan

  I have problems with a recently configured postfix MTA. When postfix starts the following warning appears: "postfix/qmgr[5078]: warning: connect to transport private/filter: No such file or directory" I have amavis-new as a content-filter, but even if I comment-out the relevant line, the warning appears. As a result (I think), of the above, I get errors like below, for every virtual domain that I have: "postfix/error[5080]: 254851834107: to=, relay=none, delay=13082, delays=13082/0.01/0/0.01, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable)" The good news for me, is that somehow I managed to fix that (don't ask me how!!!!) The problem is that now I have 50 or so mails, that were affected by the aforementioned problem, in the mail-queue... If I "postqueue -f " I get the same style of error as before (mail transport unavailable)...however new mails are delivered to their final destination properly... Any suggestions? Kind regards. P.S. Local mail delivery from/to Unix and virtual users, was OK write from the beginning!

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• Strange zsh autocomplete behaviour.

  - by Leda

  Every time I use tab autocompletion with zsh instead of completing the current string, it gives me a new string + options to complete. It's hard to explane, so here is an example. This is what would happen if I type 'ls Nue' and hit tab. [me@mbp:/Volumes/hdd/music]: ls Neu ls Neu Neuraxis/ Neurosis/ Neutral\ Milk\ Hotel/ If I delete the second `ls Nue', I am unable to delete the white space and the first. If I hit return, it is as if I have just entered a blank line. Does anyone know what is going on.

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• Hiding a directory through the FAT table

  - by hennobal

  I've looked into the FAT file system, trying to find a way to make a directory hidden from view of the user. This has been done with malware previously, so it should be possible. The SpyEye trojan hid inside a directory C:\cleansweep.exe\ which was only reachable through the command line. I know deletion is possible by substituting the first character of the directory in the FAT table with 0xE5, but then it will not be accessible. Any ideas on how the scenario from SpyEye can be recreated? Any filesystem is interesting, but ideally FAT or NTFS.

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• is there a cheatsheet for linux commands to save your system?

  - by Asaf

  I've recently lost my window options, had to somehow manipulate my way to Xchat and ask some people how do I get it back (it was metacity --replace, and after I decided to stop the command and run it in background the X was completely useless so I had to do killall -u user). And that was after the internet connection stopped working for some reason (might've been the ISP) ..The thing is, after using linux a long time, I still get the feeling that on dire situations, I don't know the good tricks (stuff like metacity --replace) I feel like a really need like a "rescue" cheatsheet for things like "how to save the X no matter what without pressing reset" and "how to reset the system to "normal state"" "how to connect to the internet through the command line" "how to monitor what the X is doing" (using ubuntu linux 10.04 btw)

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• Why does IIS refuse to serve ASP.NET content?

  - by Michael Haren

  My Windows Server 2003 Std server refuses to server ASP.NET content. It serves regular html just fine but anything .net, even a one line html file with an ASPX extention fails silently. Things I've tried: Nothing in the event log or IIS WWW logs when it fails. Fiddler shows no response I reinstalled .NET with C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727aspnet_regiis.exe -U C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727aspnet_regiis.exe -I I give obscenely high permissions on everything I can think of (full control, read, write, etc.) to all possibly relevant users (IUSER*, ASP.NET, etc.). I confirmed that ASP.Net v1 and v2 Web Service Extensions are "allowed" in IIS Confirmed that the Server Manager had IIS and ASP.Net roles enabled Again: this is the scenario: http://localhost/Test/Default.htm <-- Works great! http://localhost/Test/Default.aspx <-- Bombs silently with no message at all Any guidance will be much appreciated! Solution: I reinstalled per the instructions below and it works now. Thanks all!

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• Database for heat tolerances of various cables?

  - by I. F.

  Is there any kind of unified database of heat tolerances for networking cables? I've been setting up a number of home/small office networks lately and as a mostly-amateur I could really use some information on what is safe to run behind a radiator, next to a steam pipe, etc. The question I'm up against at the moment is: Can I run normal RJ11 phone line cable (from DSL modem to phone jack) behind a steam radiator without risking a fire? Unlike cat5, I could not find published standards for these, so I'm turning to experts with more experience. This is a cut-rate show. Do I go out and buy more cabling, and if so which, or use the spare that I have?

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• Unix: sleep until the specified time

  - by aix

  Is there a (semi-)standard Unix command that would sleep until the time specified on its command line? In other words, I am looking for something similar to sleep that would take wakeup time rather than duration. For example: sleeptill 05:00:00 I can code something up but would rather not re-invent the wheel if there's already something out there. Bonus question: it would be great if it could take the timezone (as in sleeptill 05:00:00 America/New_York). edit Due to the nature of what I am doing, I am looking for a "sleep until T" rather than "run command at T" solution. edit For the avoidance of doubt, if I run the command at 18:00 and tell it to wake up at 17:00, I expect it to sleep for 23 hours (or, in some corner cases having to do with daylight savings time, for 22 or 24 hours.)

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