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• How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

  - by Salvador

  Some months ago I bought 4 Memory modules of 4GB DDR3 1600 KINGSTON HYPERX. The official Kingston manual says: *This module has been tested to run at DDR3-1600 at a low latency timing of 9-9-9-27 at 1.65V.The SPD is programmed to JEDEC standard latency DDR3-1333 timing of 9-9-9. I cannot find which is the real speed of my memory modules. I normally get from several tools that the real speed is 1333 Mhz srs@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.9 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x005D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: 0x005F Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x005C, DMI type 17, 28 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x005D Error Information Handle: 0x0060 Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) Manufacturer: Kingston Serial Number: 07288F23 Asset Tag: 9876543210 Part Number: 9905403-439.A00LF How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

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• cannot format a fat filesystem, getting error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up."

  - by Nilesh

  i am trying format an FAT (or FAT32) file system on my ubuntu system, but i am not able to format the device, each time i am getting the error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up." i have tried all options like sudo dosfsck -t -a -w /dev/sdc1 sudo dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 but each time the same message comes, can any one guide me how to recover the filesystem, also i don't mind losing data of this drive as this is an external pen drive. Also, can u pl suggest of some method other then booting from a CD with software like GPARTED or something like that.

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• Characteristics of a Web service that promote reusability and change

  Characteristics of a Web service that promote reusability and change:  Standardized Data Exchange Formats (XML, JSON) Standardized communication protocols (Soap, Rest) Promotes Loosely Coupled Systems  Standardized Data Exchange Formats (XML, JSON) XML W3.org defines Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a simplistic text format derived from SGML. XML was designed to solve challenges found in large-scale electronic publishing. In addition,  XML is playing an important role in the exchange of data primarily focusing on data exchange on the web. JSON JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a human-readable text-based standard designed for data interchange. This format is used for serializing and transmitting data over a network connection in a structured format. The primary use of JSON is to transmit data between a server and web application. JSON is an alternative to XML. Standardized communication protocols (Soap, Rest) Soap W3Scools.com defines SOAP as a simple XML-based protocol. This protocol lets applications exchange data over HTTP.  SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages. Rest In 2007, Stefan Tilkov defines Representational State Transfer (REST) as a set of principles that outlines how Web standards are supposed to be used.  Using REST in an application will ensure that it exploits the Web’s architecture to its benefit. Promotes Loosely Coupled Systems “Loose coupling as an approach to interconnecting the components in a system or network so that those components, also called elements, depend on each other to the least extent practicable. Coupling refers to the degree of direct knowledge that one element has of another.” (TechTarget.com, 2007) “Loosely coupled system can be easily broken down into definable elements. The extent of coupling in a system can be measured by mapping the maximum number of element changes that can occur without adverse effects. Examples of such changes include adding elements, removing elements, renaming elements, reconfiguring elements, modifying internal element characteristics and rearranging the way in which elements are interconnected.” (TechTarget.com, 2007) References: W3C. (2011). Extensible Markup Language (XML). Retrieved from W3.org: http://www.w3.org/XML/ W3Scools.com. (2011). SOAP Introduction. Retrieved from W3Scools.com: http://www.w3schools.com/soap/soap_intro.asp Tilkov, Stefan. (2007). A Brief Introduction to REST. Retrieved from Infoq.com: http://www.infoq.com/articles/rest-introduction TechTarget.com. (2011). loose coupling. Retrieved from TechTarget.com: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/loose-coupling

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• How do I fix postfix TLS?

  - by Savanni D'Gerinel

  STARTTLS was working with my system earlier today. Without me altering the system in any way, it spontaneously broke. I've now been trying to fix it for a couple of hours, to no success. When I connect to the server, this is what I get: savanni@Orolo:~$ telnet apps.savannidgerinel.com 25 Trying 129.121.182.135... Connected to apps.sasavanni@Orolo:~$ telnet apps.savannidgerinel.com 25 Trying 129.121.182.135... Connected to apps.savannidgerinel.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 *********************************************** ehlo dude 250-apps.savannidgerinel.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-XXXXXXXA 250-AUTH PLAIN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN ^]close telnet> close Connection closed. Okay, obviously STARTTLS isn't present in this list. So I've been digging through my configuration files and working through the tutorials again, and that has done me no good at all. Here's my tls-related configuration: smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/savannidgerinel_com_CA.pem smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/apps.savannidgerinel.com.pem smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/apps.savannidgerinel.com.key.pem smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/savannidgerinel_com_CA.pem smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/apps.savannidgerinel.com.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/apps.savannidgerinel.com.key.pem smtpd_tls_loglevel = 3 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom All of the certificate files are present, the server private key is present, the server CA is present, and the smtpd_scache.db and smtp_scache.db files are both present. All are accessible to the postfix user. Speaking of which, here are the processes running: savanni@apps:/var/lib/postfix$ ps aux | grep postfix root 3525 0.0 0.1 25112 1680 ? Ss 20:19 0:00 /usr/lib/postfix/master postfix 3526 0.0 0.1 27176 1524 ? S 20:19 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c -o content_filter= -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks postfix 3527 0.0 0.1 27228 1552 ? S 20:19 0:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u postfix 3528 0.0 0.4 46948 4144 ? S 20:19 0:00 smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -c -o stress= -s 2 postfix 3529 0.0 0.1 27176 1628 ? S 20:19 0:00 proxymap -t unix -u postfix 3530 0.0 0.3 38212 3176 ? S 20:19 0:00 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u -c postfix 3531 0.0 0.1 27176 1516 ? S 20:19 0:00 anvil -l -t unix -u -c postfix 3535 0.0 0.1 27188 1544 ? S 20:20 0:00 trivial-rewrite -n rewrite -t unix -u -c The log files say absolutely nothing related to TLS except for this: Nov 6 02:19:45 apps postfix/master[3525]: daemon started -- version 2.9.6, configuration /etc/postfix Nov 6 02:19:49 apps postfix/smtpd[3528]: initializing the server-side TLS engine Nov 6 02:19:49 apps postfix/tlsmgr[3530]: open smtpd TLS cache btree:/var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache Nov 6 02:19:49 apps postfix/tlsmgr[3530]: tlsmgr_cache_run_event: start TLS smtpd session cache cleanup Nov 6 02:19:49 apps postfix/smtpd[3528]: connect from unknown[204.16.68.108] Neither syslog nor mail.err shows any indication of a problem. As far as the whole system is concerned, all is well. But there is no STARTTLS and so I suddenly can't send any email at all. Help???

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• Java - 2d Array Tile Map Collision

  - by Corey

  How would I go about making certain tiles in my array collide with my player? Like say I want every number 2 in the array to collide. I am reading my array from a txt file if that matters and I am using the slick2d library. Here is my code if needed. public class Tiles { Image[] tiles = new Image[3]; int[][] map = new int[500][500]; Image grass, dirt, mound; SpriteSheet tileSheet; int tileWidth = 32; int tileHeight = 32; public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.txt")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); y=y+1; } //System.out.println(""); x=x+1; y = 0; } in.close(); } public void update() { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int x = 0; x < 50; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < 50; y ++) { int textureIndex = map[y][x]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } } I tried something like this, but I it doesn't ever "collide". X and y are my player position. if (tiles.map[(int)x/32][(int)y/32] == 2) { System.out.println("Collided"); }

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• Books or help on OO Analysis

  - by Pat

  I have this course where we learn about the domain model, use cases, contracts and eventually leap into class diagrams and sequence diagrams to define good software classes. I just had an exam and I got trashed, but part of the reason is we barely have any practical material, I spent at least two good months without drawing a single class diagram by myself from a case study. I'm not here to blame the system or the class I'm in, I'm just wondering if people have some exercise-style books that either provide domain models with glossaries, system sequence diagrams and ask you to use GRASP to make software classes? I could really use some alone-time practicing going from analysis to conception of software entities. I'm almost done with Larman's book called "Applying UML and Patterns An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development, Third Edition". It's a good book, but I'm not doing anything by myself since it doesn't come with exercises. Thanks.

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• Proxy settings do not promulgate to fat or thin clients

  - by solizin47

  I work in Hertfordshire schools, which use a proxy eg http://wf1.thegrid.org.uk on port 80 to allow graded access by all users, within the schools, to the Internet. I have Ubuntu 10.04LTS successfully running and I want to set up 12.04LTS to replace it. Many other replies to this question have answered questions about stand-alone computers and not addressed the LTSP server and its clients. I have come to a complete stop over the problem of the proxy server settings not promulgating over the local network to Ubuntu 12.04 thin or fat clients. When you input this setting (there are others for HTTPS and FTP) into the System Settings/Network Manager GUI on the server, then when a user logs into the server, both Firefox and Chrome can read the settings and will gain access to the Internet. HOWEVER, these settings are not promulgated to either thin or fat clients on the local network. Their System Settings/Network Manager GUI remains stubbornly blank. I have rebuilt the image after inputting the proxy settings, but it appears they are not part of the image. /etc/environment (on the server) already has: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games" http_proxy="http://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80/" https_proxy="https://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80/" ftp_proxy="ftp://proxy.intra.thegrid.org.uk:3128/" I have also tried this export http_proxy="http://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80" export https_proxy="http://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80" export ftp_proxy="http://proxy.intra.thegrid.org.uk:3128" within /etc/environment, and that had no effect, either. etc/apt/apt.conf also has: Acquire::http::proxy "http://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80/"; Acquire::https::proxy "https://wf1.thegrid.org.uk:80/"; Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://proxy.intra.thegrid.org.uk:3128/"; The clients still have no proxy settings in their Network Manager, and no client user can access the Internet from Firefox or Chrome. Three questions: Why doesn't the “Apply system wide” button work? It does on 10.04, and every new user, and all existing users have access to the internet through the proxy without problem. How can I set up proxy settings that work for all the 12.04 clients? I noticed that if user West input the settings himself, they would follow him around the clients. However, this is not secure, because there are grades of settings which prevent visits to various sites, eg wf3 allows fewer sites than wf2 or wf1, so I can't allow users to input this setting themselves. Since the proxy setting followed the user around the clients, the setting must be somewhere in the user profile, since none of the other users have the proxy settings. Do you know where, and how I could fix the setting for users, or better, groups? The setting must then be unchangeable by the user, with no access to the Network Manager. If either 2. or 3. can't be done, then the Ubuntu 12.04LTS server is simply no use to us...

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• Ubuntu 12.04 installer Crashed

  - by Umair Mustafa

  I downloaded Multiple times Ubuntu 12.04 and Ubuntu 12.04.1. And tried to install them using first Virtual box if it work I move to install on actual drive. I dont knw but 12.04.1 dont wanna install on my system So i downloaded 12.04 release and installed it on Virtual box and it installed perfectly then i moved on to install it as Dual OS along with windows 7 but the installer crashed just like the other version and I dont know what the heck is the problem with ubuntu OS Installers. Ubuntu really need to work on their Installer. I love Ubuntu but such things are really headache. At first I thought image was not properly so i burned on another dvd but alas no use same stupid error. Now there are 3 images of 12.04 and 2 images of 12.04.1 and none of them is working on my system. And wasted two dvds. Does anyone know how to solve this problemo.

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• New Rapid Install StartCD 12.2.0.48 for EBS 12.2 Now Available

  - by Max Arderius

  A new Rapid Install startCD (Patch 18086193) for Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12.2 is now available. We recommend that all EBS customers installing or upgrading to EBS 12.2 use this latest update. The startCD updates are distributed to customers via My Oracle Support Patch which can be uncompressed on top of any previous 12.2 startCD under the main staging area. This patch replaces any previous startCDs. What's New in This Update? This new startCD version 12.2.0.48 includes important fixes for multi-node Installs, RAC, pre-install checks, platform specific issues, and upgrade scenario failures: 18703814 - QREP:122:RI:ISSUE WITH CHECKOS.CMD 18689527 - QREP:122:RI:ISSUE WITH FNDCORE.DLL SHIPPED AS PART OF R122 PACKAGE 18548485 - QREP1224:4:JAR SIGNER ISSUE DUE TO THE RI UPGRADE AUTOCONFIG CHANGES 18535812 - QREP:1220.48_4: 12.2.0 UPGRADE FILE SYSTEM LAY OUT IS AFFECTING THE DB TABLES 18507545 - WIN: UNABLE TO LAY DOWN FS PRIOR TO 12.2 UPGRADE WITHOUT AFFECTING RUNNING DB 18476041 - UNABLE TO LAY DOWN FS PRIOR TO 12.2 UPGRADE WITHOUT AFFECTING PRODUCTION DB 18459887 - R12.2 INSTALLATION FAILURE - OPMNCTL: NOT FOUND 18436053 - START CD 48_4 - ISSUES WITH TEMP SPACE CHECK 18424747 - QREP1224.3:ADD SERVER BROWSE BUTTON NOT WORKING 18421132 - *RW-50010: ERROR: - SCRIPT HAS RETURNED AN ERROR: 1 18403700 - QREP122.48:RI:UPGRADE RI PRECHECK HUNG IN SPLIT TIER APPS NODE ( NO SILENT ) 18383075 - ADD VERBOSE OPTION TO RAC VALIDATION 18363584 - UPTAKE INSTALL SCRIPTS FOR XB48_4 18336093 - QREP:122:RI:PATCH FS ADMIN SERVICE RUNNING AFTER RI UPGRADE CONFIGURE MODE 18320278 - QREP:1224.3:PLATFORM SPECIFIC SYNTAX ERRORS WITH DATE COMMAND IN DB CHECKER 18314643 - DISABLE SID=DB_NAME FOR RI UPGRADE FLOW IN RAC 18298977 - RI: EXCEPTION WHILE CLICKING RAC NODES BUTTON ON A NON-RAC SERVER 18286816 - QREP122:STARTCD48_3:TRAVERSING FROM VISION PASSW SCREEN TO PROD 18286371 - QREP122:STARTCD48_3:AMBIGUOUS MESSAGE DURING STAGE AREA CHECK ON HP 18275403 - QREP122:48:RI UPGRADE WITH EOH POST CHECKS HANGS IN SPLIT TIER DB NODE 18270631 - QREP122.48:MULTI-NODE RI USING NON-DEFAULT PASSWORDS NOT WORKING 18266046 - QREP122:48:RI NOT ALLOWING TO IGNORE THE RAC PRE-CHECK FAILURE 18242201 - UPTAKE TXK INSTALL SCRIPTS AND PLATFORMS.ZIP INTO STARTCD XB48_3 18236428 - QREP122.47:RI UPGRADE EXISTING OH FOR NON-DEFAULT APPS PASSWORD NOT WORKING 18220640 - INCONSISTENT DATABASE PORTS DURING EBS 12.2 INSTALLATION FOR STARTCD 12.2.0.47 18138796 - QREP122:47:RI 10.1.2 TECHSTACK NOT WORKING IF WE RUN RI FROM NEW STARTCD LOC 18138396 - TST1220: CONTROL FILE NAMING IN RAPID INSTALL SEEMS TO HAVE ISSUES 18124144 - IMPROVE HANDLING ERRORS FOUND IN CLUVFY LOG DURING PREINSTALL CHECKS 18111361 - VALIDATE ASM DB DATA FILES PATH AS +<DATA GROUP>/<PATH> 18102504 - QREP1220.47_5: UNZIP PANEL DOES NOT CREATE THE CORRECT STAGE 18083342 - 12.2 UPGRADE JAVA.NET.BINDEXCEPTION: CANNOT ASSIGN REQUESTED ADDRESS 18082140 - QREP122:47:RAC DB VALIDATION IS FAILS WITH EXIT STATUS IS 6 18062350 - 12.2.3 UPG: 12.2.0 INSTALLATION LOGS 18050840 - RI: UPGRADE WITH EXISTING RAC OH:SECONDARY DB NODE NAME IS BLANK 18049813 - RAC LOV DEFAULTS NOT SAVED UNLESS "SELECT" IS CLICKED 18003592 - TST1220:ADDITIONAL FREE SPACE CHECK FOR RI NEEDS TO BE CHECKED 17981471 - REMOVE ASM SPACE CHECK FROM RACVALIDATIONS.SH 17942179 - R12.2 INSTALL FAILING AT ADRUN11G.SH WITH ERRORS RW-50004 & RW-50010 17893583 - QREP1220.47:VALIDATION OF O.S IN RAPIDWIZ IN THE DB NODE CONFIGURATION SCREEN 17886258 - CLEANUP FND_NODES DURING UPGRADE FLOW 17858010 - RI POST INSTALL CHECKS (SSH VERIFICATION) STEP IS FAILING 17799807 - GEOHR: 12.2.0 - ERRORS IN RAPIDWIZ AND ADCONFIG LOGS 17786162 - QREP1223.4:RI:SERVICE_NAMES IS PRINTED AS SERVICE_NAME IN RI SCREEN 17782455 - RI: CONFIRM DEFAULT APPS PASSWORD IN SILENT MODE KICKOFF 17778130 - RI:ADMIN SERVER TO BE UP ON PRIMARY MID-TIER IN MULTI-NODE UPGRADE FS CREATION 17773989 - UN-SUPPORTED PLATFORM SHOWS 32 BIT AS HARD-CODED 17772655 - RELEVANT MESSAGE DURING THE RAPDIWIZ -TECHSTACK 17759279 - VERIFICATION PANEL DOES NOT EXPAND TECHNOLOGY STACK 17759183 - BUILDSTAGE SCRIPT MENU NEEDS TO BE ADJUSTED 17737186 - DATABASE PRE-REQ CHECK INCORRECTLY REPORTS SUCCESS ON AIX 17708082 - 12.2 INSTALLATION - OS PRE-REQUISITES CHECK 17701676 - TST122: GENERATE WRONG S_DBSID FOR PATCH FILE SYSTEM AT PHASE PREPARE 17630972 - /TMP PRE-REQ INSTALLATION CHECK 17617245 - 12.2 VISION INSTALL FAILS ON AIX 17603342 - OMCS: DB STAGING COMPLAINS WHILE MOVING IT TO FINAL LOCATION 17591171 - OMCS: DB STAGING FAILS WITH FRESH INSTALL R12.2 17588765 - CHECKER VERSION AND PLUGIN VERSION 17561747 - BUILDSTAGE.SH FAILS WITH ERROR WHEN STAGE HOSTED ON 32BIT LINUX 17539198 - RAPID INSTALL NEEDS TO IGNORE NON-REQUIRED STAGE ELEMENTS 17272808 - APPS USERS THAT HAVE DEFAULT PASSWORD AFTER 12.2 RAPID INSTALL References 12.2 Documentation Library 1581299.1 : EBS 12.2 Product Information Center 1320300.1 : Oracle E-Business Suite Release Notes, Release 12.2 1606170.1 : Oracle E-Business Suite Technology Stack and Applications DBA Release Notes for Release 12.2.3 1624423.1 : Oracle E-Business Suite Technology Stack and Applications DBA Release Notes for R12.TXK.C.Delta.4 and R12.AD.C.Delta.4 1594274.1 : Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12.2: Consolidated List of Patches and Technology Bug Fixes Related Articles Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2 Now Available startCD options to install Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12.2

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• Python et l'agrégation d'outils, Par Laurent Pointal

  Bonjour Voici un nouveau article Intitulé: Python et l'agrégation d'outils Citation: Cet article est paru originellement dans le numéro 3/2007 de la revue francophone du Linux Developer Journal. La version présentée ici reprend globalement l'article paru, en y ajoutant des liens hypertext et des références. Ce document est mis à disposition sous un contrat Creative Commons Paternité. Bonne l...

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• Packard Bell Easynote NJ65 not saving gamma Setup.

  - by Pablo Gomez

  Hi. There seems to be a issue with the Easynote range of PB laptops. Since Ubuntu 10.10 does not use a Xorg.conf file to save your gamma / resolution /brightness setting, everytime I turn on my laptop I have to open up a terminal window and use the x-gamma command to set it up to my personal preference. Is there a way to create a configuration file which can save that into the system everytime I load up the OS? When I used to have a Compaq Presario (an F564LA with integrated nVIDIA graphics), I could save a config. file into the system which loaded up everything on startup To those who don't know the spec's for a NJ65 laptop, I'll provide them Processor: Intel® Pentium Dual Core @ 2.2 GHZ Video: Integrated Intel® GMA 4500MHD graphics HDD: 320GB SATA RAM: 2GB DDR2

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• Handy SQL Server Function Series: Part 1

  - by Most Valuable Yak (Rob Volk)

  I've been preparing to give a presentation on SQL Server for a while now, and a topic that was recommended was SQL Server functions.  More specifically, the lesser-known functions (like @@OPTIONS), and maybe some interesting ways to use well-known functions (like using PARSENAME to split IP addresses)  I think this is a veritable goldmine of useful information, and researching for the presentation has confirmed that beyond my initial expectations.I even found a few undocumented/underdocumented functions, so for the first official article in this series I thought I'd start with 2 of each, COLLATIONPROPERTY() and COLLATIONPROPERTYFROMID().COLLATIONPROPERTY() provides information about (wait for it) collations, SQL Server's method for handling foreign character sets, sort orders, and case- or accent-sensitivity when sorting character data.  The Books Online entry for  COLLATIONPROPERTY() lists 4 options for code page, locale ID, comparison style and version.  Used in conjunction with fn_helpcollations():SELECT *, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'LCID') LCID, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'CodePage') CodePage, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'ComparisonStyle') ComparisonStyle, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'Version') Version FROM fn_helpcollations()You can get some excellent information. (c'mon, be honest, did you even know about fn_helpcollations?)Collations in SQL Server have a unique name and ID, and you'll see one or both in various system tables or views like syscolumns, sys.columns, and INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS.  Unfortunately they only link the ID and name for collations of existing columns, so if you wanted to know the collation ID of Albanian_CI_AI_WS, you'd have to declare a column with that collation and query the system table.While poking around the OBJECT_DEFINITION() of sys.columns I found a reference to COLLATIONPROPERTYFROMID(), and the unknown property "Name".  Not surprisingly, this is how sys.columns finds the name of the collation, based on the ID stored in the system tables.  (Check yourself if you don't believe me)Somewhat surprisingly, the "Name" property also works for COLLATIONPROPERTY(), although you'd already know the name at that point.  Some wild guesses and tests revealed that "CollationID" is also a valid property for both functions, so now:SELECT *, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'LCID') LCID, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'CodePage') CodePage, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'ComparisonStyle') ComparisonStyle, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'Version') Version, COLLATIONPROPERTY(name,'CollationID') CollationID FROM fn_helpcollations() Will get you the collation ID-name link you…probably didn't know or care about, but if you ever get on Jeopardy! and this question comes up, feel free to send some of your winnings my way. :)And last but not least, COLLATIONPROPERTYFROMID() uses the same properties as COLLATIONPROPERTY(), so you can use either one depending on which value you have available.Keep an eye out for Part 2!

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• snmptt not translating traps, even with translate_log_trap_oid=1

  - by mbrownnyc

  I am having some trouble configuring snmptt to properly translate snmp traps. The following is a problem: /etc/snmp/snmptt.conf reflects: EVENT fgFmTrapIfChange .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 "Status Events" Critical FORMAT $* EXEC /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_check_result $r "snmp_traps" 2 "$O: $+*" "$*" SDESC Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed Variables: 1: fnSysSerial 2: ifName 3: fgManIfIp 4: fgManIfMask EDESC when a trap is received, /var/log/messages reflects: Sep 6 12:07:32 SNMPMANAGERHOST snmptrapd[15385]: 2012-09-06 12:07:32 <UNKNOWN> [UDP: [192.168.100.2]:162->[192.168.100.31]]: #012.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (707253943) 81 days, 20:35:39.43 #011.1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.4.1.0 = OID: .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0 = STRING: FGTNNNNNNNNN #011.1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1.10 = STRING: internal4 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.1.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.65.100 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.2.0 = IpAddress: 255.255.255.0 Sep 6 12:07:37 SNMPMANAGERHOST icinga: EXTERNAL COMMAND: PROCESS_SERVICE_CHECK_RESULT; 192.168.100.2; snmp_traps; 2; enterprises.12356.101.6.0.1004: enterprises.12356.100.1.1.1.0:FGTNNNNNNNNN ifName.10:internal4 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.1.0:192.168.65.100 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.2.0:255.255.255.0 Since the icinga entry reflects the EXEC, it's obvious there is no translations occurring by snmptt. I have verified that translate_log_trap_oid and net_snmp_perl_enable is enabled in snmptt.ini When using --debug=1 to start snmptt, I see the following in the --debugfile: ********** Net-SNMP version 5.05 Perl module enabled ********** The main NET-SNMP version is reported as NET-SNMP version: 5.5. What else can be done to verify that snmptt is configured properly to translate traps? I have run snmptt-net-snmp-test to verify whatever net-snmp-perl version I have installed properly supports translations. The output indicates it does. /root/snmptt_1.3/snmptt-net-snmp-test --best_guess=2 SNMPTT Net-SNMP Test v1.0 (c) 2003 Alex Burger http://snmptt.sourceforge.net MIBS:RFC1213-MIB best_guess: 2 Testing translateObj ******************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing getType *************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.1 Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing: ipForwarding Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing Description ******************* Test passed. Result: ------------------------------------------------- The indication of whether this entity is acting as an IP gateway in respect to the forwarding of datagrams received by, but not addressed to, this entity. IP gateways forward datagrams. IP hosts do not (except those source-routed via the host). Note that for some managed nodes, this object may take on only a subset of the values possible. Accordingly, it is appropriate for an agent to return a `badValue' response if a management station attempts to change this object to an inappropriate value. ------------------------------------------------- I have manually gone through the MIB with the definition that's not resolving, and verified that it is properly linking back to the proper resolved definition. It is: FORTINET-FORTIGATE-MIB.txt contains: fgFmTrapIfChange NOTIFICATION-TYPE OBJECTS { fnSysSerial, ifName, fgManIfIp, fgManIfMask } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed" ::= { fgFmTrapPrefix 1004 } fgFmTrapPrefix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fgMgmt 0 } fgMgmt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fnFortiGateMib 6 } fnFortiGateMib ::= { fortinet 101 } IMPORTS FnBoolState, FnIndex, fnAdminEntry, fnSysSerial, fortinet FROM FORTINET-CORE-MIB fortinet MODULE-IDENTITY ::= { enterprises 12356 } LOOKS GOOD!!!!! 1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 I've exhausted all the documentation and even posted fruitlessly in the snmptt-users mailing list. I can not prove it is the MIB. Why would snmptt fail to translate traps? Thanks, Matt

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• Tuning Default WorkManager - Advantages and Disadvantages

  - by Murali Veligeti

  Before discussing on Tuning Default WorkManager, lets have a brief introduction on What is Default WorkManger Before Weblogic Server 9.0 release, we had the concept of Execute Queues. WebLogic Server (before WLS 9.0), processing was performed in multiple execute queues. Different classes of work were executed in different queues, based on priority and ordering requirements, and to avoid deadlocks. In addition to the default execute queue, weblogic.kernel.default, there were pre-configured queues dedicated to internal administrative traffic, such as weblogic.admin.HTTP and weblogic.admin.RMI.Users could control thread usage by altering the number of threads in the default queue, or configure custom execute queues to ensure that particular applications had access to a fixed number of execute threads, regardless of overall system load. From WLS 9.0 release onwards WebLogic Server uses is a single thread pool (single thread pool which is called Default WorkManager), in which all types of work are executed. WebLogic Server prioritizes work based on rules you define, and run-time metrics, including the actual time it takes to execute a request and the rate at which requests are entering and leaving the pool.The common thread pool changes its size automatically to maximize throughput. The queue monitors throughput over time and based on history, determines whether to adjust the thread count. For example, if historical throughput statistics indicate that a higher thread count increased throughput, WebLogic increases the thread count. Similarly, if statistics indicate that fewer threads did not reduce throughput, WebLogic decreases the thread count. This new strategy makes it easier for administrators to allocate processing resources and manage performance, avoiding the effort and complexity involved in configuring, monitoring, and tuning custom executes queues. The Default WorkManager is used to handle thread management and perform self-tuning.This Work Manager is used by an application when no other Work Managers are specified in the application’s deployment descriptors. In many situations, the default Work Manager may be sufficient for most application requirements. WebLogic Server’s thread-handling algorithms assign each application its own fair share by default. Applications are given equal priority for threads and are prevented from monopolizing them. The default work-manager, as its name tells, is the work-manager defined by default.Thus, all applications deployed on WLS will use it. But sometimes, when your application is already in production, it's obvious you can't take your EAR / WAR, update the deployment descriptor(s) and redeploy it.The default work-manager belongs to a thread-pool, as initial thread-pool comes with only five threads, that's not much. If your application has to face a large number of hits, you may want to start with more than that.Well, that's quite easy. You have  two option to do so.1) Modify the config.xmlJust add the following line(s) in your server definition : <server> <name>AdminServer</name> <self-tuning-thread-pool-size-min>100</self-tuning-thread-pool-size-min> <self-tuning-thread-pool-size-max>200</self-tuning-thread-pool-size-max> [...] </server> 2) Adding some JVM parameters Add the following system property in setDomainEnv.sh/setDomainEnv.cmd or startWebLogic.sh/startWebLogic.cmd : -Dweblogic.threadpool.MinPoolSize=100 -Dweblogic.threadpool.MaxPoolSize=100 Reboot WLS and see the option has been taken into account . Disadvantage: So far its fine. But here there is an disadvantage in tuning Default WorkManager. Internally Weblogic Server has many work managers configured for different types of work.  if we run out of threads in the self-tuning pool(because of system property -Dweblogic.threadpool.MaxPoolSize) due to being undersized, then important work that WLS might need to do could be starved.  So, while limiting the self-tuning would limit the default WorkManager and internally it also limits all other internal WorkManagers which WLS uses.So the best alternative is to override the default WorkManager that means creating a WorkManager for the Application and assign the WorkManager for the application instead of tuning the Default WorkManager.

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• Article Sharing &ndash; Windows Azure Memcached Plugin

  - by Shaun

  I just found that David Aiken, a windows azure developer and evangelist, wrote a cool article about how to use Memcached in Windows Azure through the new feature Azure Plugin. http://www.davidaiken.com/2011/01/11/windows-azure-memcached-plugin/ I think the best solution for distributed cache in Azure would be the Windows Azure AppFabric Caching but since it’s only in CTP and avaiable in the US data center David’s solution would be the best. Only one thing I’m concerning about, is the stability of windows verion Memcached.

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• How to recover from finite-state-machine breakdown?

  - by Earl Grey

  My question may seems very scientific but I think it's a common problem and seasoned developers and programmers hopefully will have some advice to avoid the problem I mention in title. Btw., what I describe bellow is a real problem I am trying to proactively solve in my iOS project, I want to avoid it at all cost. By finite state machine I mean this I have a UI with a few buttons, several session states relevant to that UI and what this UI represents, I have some data which values are partly displayed in the UI, I receive and handle some external triggers (represented by callbacks from sensors). I made state diagrams to better map the relevant scenarios that are desirable and alowable in that UI and application. As I slowly implement the code, the app starts to behave more and more like it should. However, I am not very confident that it is robust enough. My doubts come from watching my own thinking and implementation process as it goes. I was confident that I had everything covered, but it was enough to make a few brute tests in the UI and I quickly realized that there are still gaps in the behavior ..I patched them. However, as each component depends and behaves based on input from some other component, a certain input from user or some external source trigers a chain of events, state changes..etc. I have several components and each behave like this Trigger received on input - trigger and its sender analyzed - output something (a message, a state change) based on analysis The problem is, this is not completely selfcontained, and my components (a database item, a session state, some button's state)...COULD be changed, influenced, deleted, or otherwise modified, outside the scope of the event-chain or desirable scenario. (phone crashes, battery is empty phone turn of suddenly) This will introduce a nonvalid situation into the system, from which the system potentially COULD NOT BE ABLE to recover. I see this (althought people do not realize this is the problem) in many of my competitors apps that are on apple store, customers write things like this "I added three documents, and after going there and there, i cannot open them, even if a see them." or "I recorded videos everyday, but after recording a too log video, I cannot turn of captions on them.., and the button for captions doesn't work".. These are just shortened examples, customers often describe it in more detail..from the descriptions and behavior described in them, I assume that the particular app has a FSM breakdown. So the ultimate question is how can I avoid this, and how to protect the system from blocking itself? EDIT I am talking in the context of one viewcontroller's view on the phone, I mean one part of the application. I Understand the MVC pattern, I have separate modules for distinct functionality..everything I describe is relevant to one canvas on the UI.

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• Should you use "internal abbreviations" in code comments?

  - by Anto

  Should you use "internal abbreviations/slang" inside comments, that is, abbreviations and slang people outside the project could have trouble understanding, for instance, using something like //NYI instead of //Not Yet Implemented? There are advantages of this, such as there is less "code" to type (though you could use autocomplete on the abbreviations) and you can read something like NYE faster than something like Not Yet Implemented, assuming you are aware of the abbreviation and its (unabbreviated) meaning. Myself, I would be careful with this as long as it is not a project on which I for sure will be the only developer.

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• Max Degree of Parallelism Server-Side Setting

  - by Tara Kizer

  Recently I opened a case with Microsoft PSS to help us through a severe performance problem on a new system.  As part of that case, the PSS engineer checked our “max degree of parallelism” server-side setting.  It is our standard to use 4 on our production systems that have 16 CPUs (2 sockets, quad-core, hyper-threaded).  The PSS engineer had me run the below query to get Microsoft’s recommended value of “max degree of parallelism” server-side setting for our 16-CPU system: select case when cpu_count / hyperthread_ratio > 8 then 8 else cpu_count / hyperthread_ratio end as optimal_maxdop_setting from sys.dm_os_sys_info; The query returned 2.  I made the change using sp_configure, and it did not resolve our issue.  We have decided to leave it in place for now.   Do you agree with this query?  What are your thoughts on this? If you decide to change your setting to reflect the output of this query, please test it first to ensure there are no negative side effects.

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• Live boot from hard disk problem

  - by user172277

  I've installed Ubuntu Desktop 13.04 32bit. Next I configured /etc/grub.d/40_custom to boot live system from ubuntu.iso (also Desktop 13.04 32 bit) I used configuration: menuentry "Ubuntu 13.04 Desktop" { loopback loop /boot/ubuntu.iso linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/boot/ubuntu.iso noeject noprompt splash -- initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz } and it works OK. Later I made some changes on my installed ubuntu. I made some configuration, installed additional packages and so on. After that I made backup using remastersys tool. Remastersys gave me new ISO file. So I wanted to use it. And here was first problem. Remastersys creates only initrd.gz file. So I changed the grub configuration form: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz to: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.gz But after that, when I reboot my system I get error: /init: line 3: can't open /dev/sr0: No medium found Any ideas how to fix it? Best Regards, Bartosz

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• How Do You Calculate Processor Speed on Multi-core Processors?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  The advent of economical consumer grade multi-core processors raises the question for many users: how do you effectively calculate the real speed of a multi-core system? Is a 4-core 3Ghz system really 12Ghz? Read on as we investigate. Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-drive grouping of Q&A web sites. 6 Start Menu Replacements for Windows 8 What Is the Purpose of the “Do Not Cover This Hole” Hole on Hard Drives? How To Log Into The Desktop, Add a Start Menu, and Disable Hot Corners in Windows 8

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• How do I totally disable all forms of session management in Xubuntu?

  - by Evan Carroll

  Xubuntu remembers things like xfce-terminal and chromium whenever my system starts up. I don't want that function to happen, ever. I want every restart to be fresh. How do I disable this functionality. I've seen numerous tutorials that unchecking the "Save sessions for future logins" screen in Log Off would work, but it does't seem to work for me. When the system comes back the other applications are open. I've also deleted the files in autostart, as per this question.

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• Don't Miss At Devoxx!!!

  - by Yolande Poirier

  Come by IoT Hack Fest which starts with the session: kickstart your Raspberry Pi and/or Leap Motion project, part II on Tuesday from 9:30am to 12:00pm to learn how to start a project with the Raspberry Pi and Leap Motion. In the afternoon, you can still join a project and create your own project with the help of experts on Raspberry Pi, Leap Motion and other boards.  At the Oracle booth, Java experts will be available  to answer your  questions and demo the new features of the Java Platform, including Java Embedded, JavaFX, Java SE and Java EE. This year, the chess game that was first demoed at JavaOne keynotes last September will be showcased at Devoxx.  Duke is coming to Devoxx this year. You can get your picture taken with Duke on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday (Nov. 12-14) from 12:00 to 18:00 Beer bash will be Tuesday from 17:30-19:30 and Wednesday/Thursday from 18:00 to 20:00 at the booth. Oracle is raffling off five Raspberry Pi's and a number of books every day. Make sure to stop by and get your badge scanned to enter the raffle. Raffles are Tuesday at 19:15 and Wednesday/Thursday at 19:45 at the Oracle booth.  The main conference sessions from Oracle Java experts are:  Wednesday 13 November Beyond Beauty: JavaFX, Parallax, Touch, Raspberry Pi, Gyroscopes, and Much More Angela Caicedo, Senior Member, Technical Staff, Oracle Room 7, 12:00–13:00 Lambda: A Peek Under the Hood, Brian Goetz, Software Architect, Oracle Room 8, 12:00–13:00 In Full Flow: Java 8 Lambdas in the Stream, Paul Sandoz, Software Developer, Oracle Room 8, 14:00–15:00 The Modular Java Platform and Project Jigsaw, Mark Reinhold, Chief Architect, Java Platform Group, Oracle, Room 8, 15:10–16:10 The Curious Case of JavaScript on the JVM, Attila Szegedi, Principal Member, Technical Staff, Oracle, Room 5, 16:40–17:40 Is It a Car? Is It a Computer? No, It’s a Raspberry Pi JavaFX Informatics System. Simon Ritter, Principal Technology Evangelist, Oracle Room 7, 16:40–17:40 Thursday 14 November Java EE 7: What’s New in the Java EE Platform Linda DeMichiel, Consulting Member, Technical Staff, Oracle, Room 8, 10:50–11:50 Java Microbenchmark Harness: The Lesser of the Two Evils, Aleksey Shipilev, Principal Member, Technical Staff, Oracle. Room 6, 14:00–15:00 Practical Restful Persistence, Shaun Smith, Senior Principal Product Manager, Oracle Room 8, 17:50–18:50 Friday 15 November Avatar.js, Server-Side JavaScript on the Java Platform, Jean-Francois Denise, Software Developer, Oracle Room 8, 11:50–12:50

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• Deleted Partition Recovery

  - by ankur.trapasiya

  Recently i was installing ubuntu 12.04 on my system. There were 4 partitions on my system and i selected one of the four partition for the installation and chose the option of re sizing the partition. Initially my partition was of size 100+GB and i created another partition out of it of size 15GB (EXT4). Now the moment i changed this partition structure my original partition got lost along with its data and i am left with 50GB partition and 50GB unallocated free space. Now the data that i have lost is meant a lot to me and i want to recover that data. So is there any way i can recover it ? And i haven't checked "format" option while resizing the partition. Thanks in advance.

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• Threads are facing deadlock in socket program [migrated]

  - by ankur.trapasiya

  I am developing one program in which a user can download a number of files. Now first I am sending the list of files to the user. So from the list user selects one file at a time and provides path where to store that file. In turn it also gives the server the path of file where does it exist. I am following this approach because I want to give stream like experience without file size limitation. Here is my code.. 1) This is server which gets started each time I start my application public class FileServer extends Thread { private ServerSocket socket = null; public FileServer() { try { socket = new ServerSocket(Utils.tcp_port); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println("request received"); new FileThread(socket.accept()).start(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 2) This thread runs for each client separately and sends the requested file to the user 8kb data at a time. public class FileThread extends Thread { private Socket socket; private String filePath; public String getFilePath() { return filePath; } public void setFilePath(String filePath) { this.filePath = filePath; } public FileThread(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; System.out.println("server thread" + this.socket.isConnected()); //this.filePath = filePath; } @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); try { //************NOTE filePath=(String) ois.readObject(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } File f = new File(this.filePath); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; InputStream is = new FileInputStream(f); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); int c = 0; while ((c = bis.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { oos.write(buf, 0, c); oos.flush(); // buf=new byte[8192]; } oos.close(); //socket.shutdownOutput(); // client.shutdownOutput(); System.out.println("stop"); // client.shutdownOutput(); ois.close(); // Thread.sleep(500); is.close(); bis.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE: here filePath represents the path of the file where it exists on the server. The client who is connecting to the server provides this path. I am managing this through sockets and I am successfully receiving this path. 3) FileReceiverThread is responsible for receiving the data from the server and constructing file from this buffer data. public class FileReceiveThread extends Thread { private String fileStorePath; private String sourceFile; private Socket socket = null; public FileReceiveThread(String ip, int port, String fileStorePath, String sourceFile) { this.fileStorePath = fileStorePath; this.sourceFile = sourceFile; try { socket = new Socket(ip, port); System.out.println("receive file thread " + socket.isConnected()); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { try { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( socket.getOutputStream()); oos.writeObject(sourceFile); oos.flush(); // oos.close(); File f = new File(fileStorePath); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os); byte[] buf = new byte[8192]; int c = 0; //************ NOTE ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( socket.getInputStream()); while ((c = ois.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) { // ois.read(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, c); bos.flush(); // buf = new byte[8192]; } ois.close(); oos.close(); // os.close(); bos.close(); socket.close(); //Thread.sleep(500); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } NOTE : Now the problem that I am facing is at the first time when the file is requested the outcome of the program is same as my expectation. I am able to transmit any size of file at first time. Now when the second file is requested (e.g. I have sent file a,b,c,d to the user and user has received file a successfully and now he is requesting file b) the program faces deadlock at this situation. It is waiting for socket's input stream. I put breakpoint and tried to debug it but it is not going in FileThread's run method second time. I could not find out the mistake here. Basically I am making a LAN Messenger which works on LAN. I am using SWT as UI framework.

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• Declarative Architectures in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

  - by BuckWoody

  I deal with computing architectures by first laying out requirements, and then laying in any constraints for it's success. Only then do I bring in computing elements to apply to the system. As an example, a requirement might be "world-side availability" and a constraint might be "with less than 80ms response time and full HA" or something similar. Then I can choose from the best fit of technologies which range from full-up on-premises computing to IaaS, PaaS or SaaS. I also deal in abstraction layers - on-premises systems are fully under your control, in IaaS the hardware is abstracted (but not the OS, scale, runtimes and so on), in PaaS the hardware and the OS is abstracted and you focus on code and data only, and in SaaS everything is abstracted - you merely purchase the function you want (like an e-mail server or some such) and simply use it. When you think about solutions this way, the architecture moves to the primary factor in your decision. It's problem-first architecting, and then laying in whatever technology or vendor best fixes the problem. To that end, most architects design a solution using a graphical tool (I use Visio) and then creating documents that  let the rest of the team (and business) know what is required. It's the template, or recipe, for the solution. This is extremely easy to do for SaaS - you merely point out what the needs are, research the vendor and present the findings (and bill) to the business. IT might not even be involved there. In PaaS it's not much more complicated - you use the same Application Lifecycle Management and design tools you always have for code, such as Visual Studio or some other process and toolset, and you can "stamp out" the application in multiple locations, update it and so on. IaaS is another story. Here you have multiple machines, operating systems, patches, virus scanning, run-times, scale-patterns and tools and much more that you have to deal with, since essentially it's just an in-house system being hosted by someone else. You can certainly automate builds of servers - we do this as technical professionals every day. From Windows to Linux, it's simple enough to create a "build script" that makes a system just like the one we made yesterday. What is more problematic is being able to tie those systems together in a coherent way (as a solution) and then stamp that out repeatedly, especially when you might want to deploy that solution on-premises, or in one cloud vendor or another. Lately I've been working with a company called RightScale that does exactly this. I'll point you to their site for more info, but the general idea is that you document out your intent for a set of servers, and it will deploy them to on-premises clouds, Windows Azure, and other cloud providers all from the same script. In other words, it doesn't contain the images or anything like that - it contains the scripts to build them on-premises or on a cloud vendor like Microsoft. Using a tool like this, you combine the steps of designing a system (all the way down to passwords and accounts if you wish) and then the document drives the distribution and implementation of that intent. As time goes on and more and more companies implement solutions on various providers (perhaps for HA and DR) then this becomes a compelling investigation. The RightScale information is here, if you want to investigate it further. Yes, there are other methods I've found, but most are tied to a single kind of cloud, and I'm not into vendor lock-in. Poppa Bear Level - Hands-on EvaluateRightScale at no cost.  Just bring your Windows Azurecredentials and follow the these tutorials: Sign Up for Windows Azure Add     Windows Azure to a RightScale Account Windows Azure Virtual Machines     3-tier Deployment Momma Bear Level - Just the Right level... ;0)  WindowsAzure Evaluation Guide - if you are new toWindows Azure Virtual Machines and new to RightScale, we recommend that youread the entire evaluation guide to gain a more complete understanding of theWindows Azure + RightScale solution.    WindowsAzure Support Page @ support.rightscale.com - FAQ's, tutorials,etc. for  Windows Azure Virtual Machines (Work in Progress) Baby Bear Level - Marketing WindowsAzure Page @ www.rightscale.com - find overview informationincluding solution briefs and presentation & demonstration videos   Scale     and Automate Applications on Windows Azure  Solution Brief     - how RightScale makes Windows Azure Virtual Machine even better SQL     Server on Windows Azure  Solution Brief   -       Run Highly Available SQL Server on Windows Azure Virtual Machines

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