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  • SELinux vs. AppArmor vs. grsecurity

    - by Marco
    I have to set up a server that should be as secure as possible. Which security enhancement would you use and why, SELinux, AppArmor or grsecurity? Can you give me some tips, hints, pros/cons for those three? AFAIK: SELinux: most powerful but most complex AppArmor: simpler configuration / management than SELinux grsecurity: simple configuration due to auto training, more features than just access control

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  • ubuntu: amd64 vs i386?

    - by ajsie
    cant understand what these are even though i've read articles about them. does it has something to do with 32 bits and 64 bits CPU? so why is it saying "AMD"64 and "I386"? AMD is a label just like INTEL? so if I've got Intel Core 2 Duo (Macbook pro) then i cant use amd64 even though Intel Core is 64 bits. thanks for explanation!

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  • Annex-A vs Annex-B ADSL splitters

    - by Odys
    While trying to improve our Adsl connection, I found that we use a splitter that is from an unknown ventor and have no clue whether is for AnnexA (PSTN) or AnnexB (ISDN) line. Is it possible that somebody used the wrong splitter and just because it connected nobody ever cared? We have an ISDN line but the splitter used is blank. I am not really sure if it is AnnexB. Would it be possible to use an AnnexA filter over an ISDN line (even with that much signal loss)? (I am posting here because this is about our connection to the rack, I'm not sure if there is a more proper SExchange site)

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  • Apache heavy load VIRT vs RES memory

    - by pako
    I have a Debian 5 server, which gets a lot of traffic. Right now the server has 4 GB of RAM and no swap memory. I see in top that Apache processes consume roughly 180 MB virtual memory (VIRT) each, and 16 MB of real RAM (RES). So how many Apache threads can I have running at the same time? About 4 GB / 180 MB = 22 or 4 GB / 16 MB = 256?

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  • Windows memory logged on vs logged off

    - by Adi
    Let's say I power on my fresh installed Windows 7 x64 machine. After Windows boots up, there are a bunch of services being started in the background that start allocating memory. Then I enter my user/pass and Windows logs me in. Let's supose I don't do anythig else (I don't explicitely start any application) and I don't have any other app installed by me. So it's fresh install of my machine. My question is: how much memory is needed for all the UI & other stuff? Is it a good indicator to look into task manager and check all the processes started under my user name and sum up all the memory consumed by those processes to get the total amount of memory I am consuming just to stay logged on? Basically this is my question: how much memory is needed just to stay logged on? Now, if log off would all the memory be released back to the system so that the background services can benefit of? Also, I assume that there might be a different discussion for each Windows flavors (?)

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  • I/O ports vs case holes

    - by David Oneill
    I'm in the midst of building a new desktop (first time building my own). I bought MSI NF750-G55 AM3 NVIDIA nForce 750a SLI HDMI ATX motherboard, and HEC 6C28BS Black / Silver Steel ATX Mid Tower case. When they both arrived, I realized that the I/O panel on the case doesn't have the same holes that the motherboard needs. So my two questions are: 1) What should I have done? Both claim to be ATX. Do I just need to look more carefully at the pictures? 2) What should I do now? Can I just remove the whole panel (leaving empty spaces between and around the different ports? Specifically, will it cause problems to do this? (I'm looking for advice about question 1, but will accept based on question 2)

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  • Cooperative linux vs vm

    - by Rhythmic Algorithm
    What are the advantages / disadvantages of using cooperative linux like portable ubuntu for example compared to a qemu or any other virtual machine installation. Is one option notably faster than the other plus and other things that should be taken into consideration.

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  • Meta key in Terminal.app vs national characters

    - by yacoob
    I'm using Terminal.app, and I'd like to use emacs running inside - either locally, or after sshing to remote server. Problem is, I can't get working Meta modifier. Namely, if I enable 'Use option as meta key', Option key works like proper Meta, but I lose ability to enter Polish diacritics (aelósznzc), that are entered with right Option. If I disable 'Use option as meta key', my Meta is gone, but I can again use Polish characters. In this state they appear only with right Option modifier, so I guess it's Terminal.app's fault that it doesn't make a difference between left and right Option key, when the relevant preference is selected. What are my options then? Is there a good solution for my problem? I can always use ESC as a poor man's Meta replacement, but I don't like that idea.

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • SQL Server 2008 Web VS SQL Server 2008 Enterprise

    - by Jeremy
    I wrote an application a few months ago, and was hosting it out of our offices on a workstation with an Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 @ 2.33GHz, 8 GB RAM, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and SQL Server 2008 Enterprise. Both the webserver and database server were run on the same machine. We had a huge influx in traffic, and moved ClubUptime.com, and got 2 of their top teir windows VMs. The Database server runs Windows 2008 R2 Standard and SQL Server 2008 R2 Web on 8 GB ram and an Intel Xeon e5620 @ 2.40GHz. Ever since switching, the database which used to run at around 400MB in RAM now runs at around 4-7GB, and there haven't been any changes to it (other than a couple columns here and there). Our traffic has quadrupled, and our DB is 6 GB on disk, why would SQL server take up 7 GB if the DB is only 6. And why would it be storing the ENTIRE database in memory? Another thing is why growing 4 times in size did the database's memory footprint grow 12 times? Last question: Why does the CPU peg at 100% now where it didn't before? The design is simple, VERY few joins, NO subqueries. I am just at a loss, unless it is the SQL server edition, or the fact that I moved from real hardware to a VM.

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  • Verizon 4G LTE vs. a LAN

    - by n8wrl
    I have been having quite a bit of trouble getting my new Verizon 4G-LTE service running on a Windows 7 desktop. My desktop is on a LAN here at home with two other PC's. We all share printers, files, media, etc. Until yesterday, we also shared a Verizon 3G modem via a NetGear 3G broadband WAP. That isn't compatible with the 4G so now I am just trying to get the 4G modem working directly connected to one of the desktops. After some USB wrangling, it seems to work. Except, every 7-10 minutes the connection would drop. After some time on the phone with a very nice Verizon technician, it seems to be staying up - it's been up for 20 minutes now. He told me that my LAN was causing the 4G to drop. That traffic on my LAN, even though it is not destined for the internet (ICS not working yet) was causing the cell tower to detect an 'IP change' and a 'security violation' in my modem and drop my connection. Is this Verizon's way of forbidding more than one computer to share a modem? I have my computer running now without a LAN connection and the 4G is still up. But this isn't practical. Has anyone heard of this?

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  • hardware leasing vs purchase

    - by musoNic80
    I'm wanting to get a new laptop and desktop. I'm self-employed and so both bits of kit are primarily for business use. I've been looking into leasing both computers as an alternative to purchasing outright. Does anyone have any experience of this? I'm UK based and have found a company called hardsoft which seem to offer a good service. I'm particularly attracted by the upgrade after 18 months option and the fact that the machines are under warranty for the lift of the lease. I'd be really grateful for general thoughts, especially if there are any UK users or hardsoft clients.

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  • Header precendence: Apache Vs. PHP specific to cache-control & expires

    - by David
    My companies production dynamic web servers ( Apache + PHP 5.1x) are using the Apache expires module and there is a clause inside http.conf as follows: <FilesMatch ".+"> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "A0" </FilesMatch> If I were to set inside a php script "Cache-Control" and "Expires", would it get eaten by this clause? Normally I would test this on my own but having trouble convincing the Expires module to function on my workstation and the company Admin's are down at the data-center.

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  • CCD vs. CMOS webcams

    - by rob
    Several years ago, I tried a CMOS-based webcam and it really sucked. It needed an extremely brightly-lit room to work. Around the same time, I also tried a CCD camera and it worked great. But since then, I've heard that CMOS technology has advanced considerably. Is it still the case that CCD webcams will give you a better picture, or can CMOS webcams also produce a picture of similar quality at moderate to low light levels? What type of camera is used in modern integrated webcams and cameras? If CMOS cameras actually are competitive these days, how do you tell if a webcam has a newer-generation CMOS sensor instead of one of the older sensors?

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  • BDrip vs BRrip?

    - by ahmed
    What is the difference between a BDrip and a BRrip? I often see these term while downloading videos.And which one is better in quality ?

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  • Hyper-V cluster VS regular cluster

    - by Sasha
    We need to choice between Hyper-V and regular cluster technologies. What is the advantage and disadvantage of these approaches? Update: We have to physical servers and want to build reliably solution using cluster approach. We need to clustering our application and DB (MS SQL). We know that we can use: Regular Windows Cluster Service. Application and DB will be migrating from one node to other. Hyper-V Failover Cluster. Virtual machine will be migrating from one node to other. Combined variant. DB mirroring for MS SQL and Hyper-V for our application. We need to make a choice between this approach. So we need to know advantage and disadvantage of these approaches?

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  • DAS vs SAN storage for serving 2 to 4 nodes

    - by Luke404
    We currently have 4 Linux nodes with local storage, arranged in two active/passive pairs with storage mirrored using DRBD, running virtual machines (actually using Xen Hypervisor) for typical hosting workloads (mail, web, a couple VPS, etc.). We're approaching the (presumed) maximum IOPS of those servers, and we're planning to migrate to an external storage solution with two active nodes, with capacity for up to four active nodes. Since we're an all-Dell shop I've done some research and found the MD3200 / MD3200i products should be the ones we're looking for. We are pretty sure we won't be attaching more than 4 hosts on a single storage and I'm wondering if there is any clear advantage for one or the other. In theory I should be able to attach 4 SAS hosts to a single MD3200 (single links on a single controller MD3200, or dual redundant SAS links from each host to a dual-controller MD3200), or 4 iSCSI hosts to a single MD3200i (directly on its 4 GigE ports without any switch, again with dual links for the dual controller option). Both setups should let us implement live VM migration since all hosts can access all the LUNs at the same time, and also some shared filesystem like GFS2 or OCFS2. Also, both setups should allow full redundancy of the whole system (assuming dual controllers in the storage). One difference I can see is that the DAS solution is actually limited to 4 hosts while the iSCSI one should be able to grow to more hosts (adding two GigE switches to the mix). One point for the iSCSI solution is that it would allow us to start out with our current nodes and upgrade them at a later time (we can't add other SAS controllers, but they already have 4 GigE ports each). With the right (iSCSI|SAS) controllers I should be able to connect diskless nodes and boot them off the external storage which I think is a good thing (get rid of any local storage). On the other hand, I would have thought the SAS one to be cheaper but it seems like an MD3200 actually costs a little less than an MD3200i (?) (please note: I've used Dell gear in my examples since that's what we're looking for but I assume the same goes with other vendors) I would like to know if my assumptions above are correct, and if I'm missing any important difference between the two setups.

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  • Sql Server differential backup : Simple vs Full recovery model

    - by MaxiWheat
    I need to better understand the backup process under SQL Server 2008. Since drive space is a kind of matter for us and we want to have a better disaster recovery solution, I decided that we will implement differential backups throughout the day (every hour). Am I right to think that if I keep the recovery model of my databases to Simple, the differential backup will be almost the same size as Full Backup (too big to make one every hour) ? I already tried to switch to Full recovery and it seemed to have fixed the issue (differential backups were way smaller). I heard that the recovery model must be set to Full to use Log backups (to the minute recovery etc., but we don't need that) but never about differential backups. So, is the recovery model really having an impact on differential backups or am I missing something ? Thank you

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  • Stability, x86 Vs Sparc

    - by Jason T
    Our project are plan to migrate from Sparc to x86, and our HA requirement is 99.99%, previous on Sparc, we assume the hardware stability would like, hardware failure every 4 month or even one year, and also we have test data for our application, then we have requirement for each unplanned recovery (fail over) to achieve 99.99% (52.6 minutes unplanned downtime per year). But since we are going to use Intel x86, it seems the hardware stability is not so good as Sparc, but we don't have the detail data. So compare with Sparc, how about the stability of the Intel x86, should we assume we have more unplanned downtime? If so, how many, double? Where I can find some more detail of this two type of hardware?

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