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• Service Layer - how broad should it be, and should it be used also on the local application?

  - by BornToCode

  Background: I need to build a main application with some operations (CRUD and more) (-in winforms), I need to make another application which will re-use some of the functions of the main application (-in webforms). I understood that using service layer is the best approach here. If I understood correctly the service should be calling the function on the BL layer (correct me if I'm wrong) The dilemma: In my main winform UI - should I call the functions from the BL, or from the service? (please explain why) Should I create a service for every single function on the BL even if I need some of the functions only in one UI? for example - should I create services for all the CRUD operations, even though I need to re-use only update operation in the webform? YOUR HELP IS MUCH APPRECIATED

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• Implementing movement on a grid

  - by Dvole

  I have a simple snake game, where I have other NPC snakes on the field. How do I calculate the movement of those other snakes so that they did not hit walls, and each other? So far I have it like this: I check for current coordinates and when there is a wall nearby I change direction to some other one. And so on, this way the snakes never collide the walls. But not actually colliding other snakes, how do I prevent this? I figured I could probe for the direction I'm heading and if there is anything there I would change direction too, but there is a set of situation where this won't work, for example if another snake will block off all exits later.

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• How should I load level data in java?

  - by Matthew G.

  I'm setting up my engine for a certain action/arcade game to have a set of commands that would look something like this. Set landscape to grass Create rocks at ... Create player at X, Y Set goal to "Get to point X Y" Spawn enemy at X, Y I'd then have each object knowing what it has to do, and acting on its own. I've been thinking about how to store this data. External data files could be parsed by a level class, and certain objects can be spawned through that. I could also create a base level class and extend it for each level, but that'd create a large amount of classes. Another idea is to have one level parser class, but have a case for each level. This would be extremely silly and bulky, but I mention it because I found that I did this at 2 AM last night. I'm finally getting why I have to plan out my inheritances, though. RIP project. I might be completely missing another option.

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• multi-clients web application,should I use custom user controls or a common user control

  - by ValidfroM

  Say my company is going to build a complicated asp.net web form education system. One of the module is web based registration. To make it flexiable, we decide to use user control(ascx) with rule-engine (work flow) regulating all business logic behide them. Thus in future,for different clients, we can simply config basic existing rules or adding new rules.(Rules stored in db or XML per client). Now the question is how to deal with the user controls (ascx)? My opinion is for different client build diffrent user control from scratch. other voice is like reuse existing user controls.

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• How do I design a game framework for fast reaction to user input?

  - by Miro

  I've played some games at cca 30 fps and some of them had low reaction time - cca 0.1sec. I hadn't knew why. Now when I'm designing my framework for crossplatform game, I know why. Probably they've been preparing new frame during rendering the previous. RENDER 1 | RENDER 2 | RENDER 3 | RENDER 4 PREPARE 2 | PREPARE 3 | PREPARE 4 | PREPARE 5 I see first frame when second frame is being rendered and third frame being prepared. If I react in that time to 1st frame it will result in forth frame. So it takes 3/FPS seconds to appear results. In 30 fps it would be 100ms, what is quite bad. So i'm wondering what should I design my framework to response to user interaction quickly?

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• Structure of a correctly implemented JTable with TableModel and Listeners?

  - by bamboocha

  I am pretty new to Java and its JTables and this is where I am struggling at the moment. I need to create a GUI which shows me results of a sql query like SELECT * FROM tblPeople WHERE name='Doe'. My idea was to create a a JFrame which displays a JTable with all found records. Besides this, I need to also implement some code to handle when a user is double clicking a record or selecting it by using his arrow keys (additional feature: pressing 12(e.g.) should select the 12th record). What is the best way to structure my program (what classes do I need and especially where do I store my logic)? I came up with structuring it the following way: Main.java ("view") SQLConnection.java PeopleTableModel.java (only stores and returns data given by the passed ResultSet, "model" inherits from DefaultTableModel) PeopleTable.java (stores basically all my logic including KeyListener and MouseListener, "controller", inherits from JTable) Are there better ways to achieve my goals? If so, what are they?

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• Central renderer for a given scene

  - by Loggie

  When creating a central rendering system for all game objects in a given scene I am trying to work out the best way to go about passing the scene to the render system to be rendered. If I have a scene managed by an arbitrary structure, i.e., an octree, bsp trees, quad-tree, kd tree, etc. What is the best way to pass this to the render system? The obvious problem is that if simply given the root node of the structure, the render system would require an intrinsic knowledge of the structure in order to traverse the structure. My solution to this is to clip all objects outside the frustum in the scene manager and then create a list of the objects which are left and pass this simple list to the render system, be it an array, a vector, a linked list, etc. (This would be a structure required by the render system as a means to know which objects should be rendered). The list would of course attempt to minimise OpenGL state changes by grouping objects that require the same rendering operations to be performed on them. I have been thinking a lot about this and started searching various terms on here and followed any additional information/links but I have not really found a definitive answer. The case may be that there is no definitive answer but I would appreciate some advice and tips. My question is, is this a reasonable solution to the problem? Are there any improvements that I could make? Are there any caveats I should know about? Side question: Am I right in assuming that octrees, bsp trees, etc are all forms of BVH?

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• Techniques for separating game model from presentation

  - by liortal

  I am creating a simple 2D game using XNA. The elements that make up the game world are what i refer to as the "model". For instance, in a board game, i would have a GameBoard class that stores information about the board. This information could be things such as: Location Size Details about cells on the board (occupied/not occupied) etc This object should either know how to draw itself, or describe how to draw itself to some other entity (renderer) in order to be displayed. I believe that since the board only contains the data+logic for things regarding it or cells on it, it should not provide the logic of how to draw things (separation of concerns). How can i achieve a good partitioning and easily allow some other entity to draw it properly? My motivations for doing so are: Allow multiple "implementations" of presentation for a single game entity Easier porting to other environments where the presentation code is not available (for example - porting my code to Unity or other game technology that does not rely on XNA).

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• How Byte loading/storing is implemented By the CPU?

  - by AlexDan

  I know that in 32bit machine, cpu read from memory 32bits at a time. since the registers in this case is 32bit in size too, I can understand how this works. What I don't understand is how the cpu implement load instructions of 1 byte. does it load the whole word where the single byte is located to the register, then perform some kind of "byte shifting", or does the cpu can load a single byte, in this case when does the byte masking happen, is it until the byte got loaded in the register, or it happen when byte is send through the data bus ? P.S. The cpu Im using is MIPS, the instructions Im talking about are: lb or lbu

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• Best approach to designing multi-client applications

  - by Tomh

  Hi, I was wondering how you guys start out if you need to design a multi-client project where multiple clients can interact with a server. In specific how do you go about dealing with different states and message handling, how do you start designing and considering all these cases? For example a video webchat application where it is possible that you call another client, while that client is already in a call, or is stuck in a modal dialog such that the calling dialog does not come through.

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• Managing multiple references of the same game entity in different places using IDs

  - by vargonian

  I've seen great questions on similar topics, but none that addressed this particular method: Given that I have multiple collections of game entities in my [XNA Game Studio] game, with many entities belonging to multiple lists, I'm considering ways I could keep track of whenever an entity is destroyed and remove it from the lists it belongs to. A lot of potential methods seem sloppy/convoluted, but I'm reminded of a way I've seen before in which, instead of having multiple collections of game entities, you have collections of game entity IDs instead. These IDs map to game entities via a central "database" (perhaps just a hash table). So, whenever any bit of code wants to access a game entity's members, it first checks to see if it's even in the database still. If not, it can react accordingly. Is this a sound approach? It seems that it would eliminate many of the risks/hassles of storing multiple lists, with the tradeoff being the cost of the lookup every time you want to access an object.

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• How would you represent an object that can be of multiple types, when storing it as a document in MongoDB?

  - by blueberryfields

  Somewhat related to this question, say that I have an object category which, depending on which type of object I have, has different restrictions on what it contains. (if you can reword the previous sentence to make more sense I'd appreciate it) For example var SomeSchema = new Schema({ _id: ObjectID, [... large number of common fields ...] type: //Restricted somehow to members of a fixed array data: //depending on type, this might be restricted - sometimes an integer, sometimes array, etc... }); What's the idiosyncratic method for defining this type of schema? Is it appropriate to define a single schema, and handle the types inside of it's members, or am I better off with separate schema for each type?

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• How to build a .Net app which runs on desktop and as a Windows Service

  - by Mike

  Ok, I hope this is not too much confusing (with my poor English). I want to build a small .Net 4.0 app which monitors several other applications on a Windows Server OR on a regular Windows PC. It will have a WPF GUI with a variety of graphical controls. The app will be used in the following scenarios: If installed on a PC it should run as a “normal” single Windows desktop app If installed on a Server, it should run as a Windows Service. To use/manage the app it must have the same WPF GUI as in scenario 1 and the GUI should be run on the Server or on a remote PC At the moment I consider to write the application logic and connect it to the WPF GUI using a self-hosted WCF Data Service IN BOTH SCENARIOS. Since I’m not a pro developer I suppose it’s possible that I've missed something ;-) Will this work? Are there other/better solutions? Any answer or comment is highly appreciated.

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• How can I gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting?

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• How can you predict the time it will take for two processes in two different machines in a cluster to communicate?

  - by Dokkat

  I am trying to develop a computing application which needs a lot of memory (500gb). Buying a single machine for that is overly expensive. I can, though, buy ~100 small instances on Digital Ocean or similar, divide the memory in blocks and use TCP to emulate shared memory between the instances. Now, my question is: how can I measure/predict the time it will take for two processes in two different machines like that to share information, in comparison to IPC and shared memory? Are there rules of thumb? I don't want exact values, but knowing more or less how much faster one is would be very helpful in visualising the feasibility of this approach.

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• Where to implement storable items

  - by James Hay

  I'm creating a multiplayer online trading game. The things that are traded range from raw items to complex products. For example Steel is a raw item. Mechanical Assembly is a more complex item that requires 2x Steel and maybe 1x Rubber. Then Hydraulics is an item that contains 2x Mechanical Assemblies and 1x Electronics (which is another complex item). So and so forth. These items will be created by me, players can't create their own items, so it doesn't need to be able to handle arbitrary layers of complexity for items. If my example isn't clear, think Minecraft. You have wooden planks, which can be made into sticks. From there the sticks - combined with metals - can be made into tools. My game is nothing to do with minecraft or any sandbox building game, but it uses a similar progressive complexity to creating items that I want to have in my game. My question is basically, how do you store something like this assuming that I will want to add more items in the future? Do you store it in a database or in a seperate library that the game uses? EDIT None of the items actually "do" anything, they are simply there to either sell, purchase, or combine with other items to make a more complex item, which can then be sold, purchased or combined... you get the idea. The items themselves would not have any properties, but the instances of the items would. For example an item that one player has would have a certain "quality" and if they were selling it a certain "price". An instance of that same item that a different player had would need to have a different "quality" and "price" if they were selling it. I think the price part will not be required on an individual item because instead I would have a "sale" object which was for a price and contained certain items.

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• Why make the login page to a single page application a separate page?

  - by ryanzec

  I am wondering why it seems to be popular to have the login page of a SPA be a separate page that is not page of the SPA (as in loaded and send data through ajax requests)? I only thing I can think of is security but I can't think a specific security reason. I mean the only thing that come to mind is that if your login page in part of the SPA, it sends the username/password through ajax which can be seen by such tools like firebug or web inspector however even if you send it as a normal POST request, there are other tools that can easily capture this data (like fiddler, httpscoop, etc...). Is there something I am missing?

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• Passing data between engine layers

  - by spaceOwl

  I am building a software system (game engine with networking support ) that is made up of (roughly) these layers: Game Layer Messaging Layer Networking Layer Game related data is passed to the messaging layer (this could be anything that is game specific), where they are to be converted to network specific messages (which are then serialized to byte arrays). I'm looking for a way to be able to convert "game" data into "network" data, such that no strong coupling between these layers will exist. As it looks now, the Messaging layer sits between both layers (game and network) and "knows" both of them (it contains Converter objects that know how to translate between data objects of both layers back and forth). I am not sure this is the best solution. Is there a good design for passing objects between layers? I'd like to learn more about the different options.

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• design for supporting entities with images

  - by brainydexter

  I have multiple entities like Hotels, Destination Cities etc which can contain images. The way I have my system setup right now is, I think of all the images belonging to this universal set (a table in the DB contains filePaths to all the images). When I have to add an image to an entity, I see if the entity exists in this universal set of images. If it exists, attach the reference to this image, else create a new image. E.g.: class ImageEntityHibernateDAO { public void addImageToEntity(IContainImage entity, String filePath, String title, String altText) { ImageEntity image = this.getImage(filePath); if (image == null) image = new ImageEntity(filePath, title, altText); getSession().beginTransaction(); entity.getImages().add(image); getSession().getTransaction().commit(); } } My question is: Earlier I had to write this code for each entity (and each entity would have a Set collection). So, instead of re-writing the same code, I created the following interface: public interface IContainImage { Set<ImageEntity> getImages(); } Entities which have image collections also implements IContainImage interface. Now, for any entity that needs to support adding Image functionality, all I have to invoke from the DAO looks something like this: // in DestinationDAO::addImageToDestination { imageDao.addImageToEntity(destination, imageFileName, imageTitle, imageAltText); // in HotelDAO::addImageToHotel { imageDao.addImageToEntity(hotel, imageFileName, imageTitle, imageAltText); It'd be great help if someone can provide me some critique on this design ? Are there any serious flaws that I'm not seeing right away ?

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• 2D scene graph not transforming relative to parent

  - by Dr.Denis McCracleJizz

  I am currently in the process of coding my own 2D Scene graph, which is basically a port of flash's render engine. The problem I have right now is my rendering doesn't seem to be working properly. This code creates the localTransform property for each DisplayObject. Matrix m_transform = Matrix.CreateRotationZ(rotation) * Matrix.CreateScale(scaleX, scaleY, 1) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(x, y, z)); This is my render code. float dRotation; Vector2 dPosition, dScale; Matrix transform; transform = this.localTransform; if (parent != null) transform = localTransform * parent.localTransform; DecomposeMatrix(ref transform, out dPosition, out dRotation, out dScale); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, dPosition, null, Color.White, dRotation, new Vector2(originX, originY), dScale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.0f); Here is the result when I try to add the Stage then to the stage a First DisplayObjectContainer and then a second one. It may look fine but the problem lies in the fact that I add a first DisplayObjectContainer at (400,400) and the second one within it (that's the smallest one) at position (0,0). So he should be right over its parent but he gets render within the parent at the same position the parent has (400, 400) for some reason. It's just as if I double the parent's localMatrix and then render the second cat there. This is the code i use to loop through every childs. base.Draw(spriteBatch); foreach (DisplayObject childs in _childs) { childs.Draw(spriteBatch); }

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• How to keep a generic process unique?

  - by Steve Van Opstal

  I'm currently working on a project that makes connection between different banks which send us information on which that project replies. A part of that project configures the different protocols that are used (not every bank uses the same protocol), this runs on a separate server. These processes all have unique id's which are stored in a database. But to save time and money on configurations and new processes, we want to make a generic protocol that banks can use. Because of PCI requirements we have to make a separate process for every bank we connect to. But the generic process has only 1 unique identifier and therefor we cannot keep them apart. Giving every copy of that process a different identifier is as I see it impossible because they run entirely separate. So how do I keep my generic process unique?

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• Designing a "Grid" like object that contains game objects

  - by liortal

  I am working on a 2D game, where there's a game "board" on which other game objects are placed. This this is 2D, my starting point was to design a class that will internally use a 2d array for the actual stored game objects. This class could be simply accessed by 2 indices: (i, j) to get game objects on it. My problem is that i have no idea how to make the game "board" "propagate" its data onto its children. Design questions i ran into are: Should the children placed on the board have display properties such as size, screen position? Should the board itself dictate this information? How to update children in case the board changes some of its properties? (position, etc). Should the board be aware of the types of objects stored in it ? I have no idea how similar things such as WPF or other UI frameworks go about organizing a "container like" object that can arrange or apply certain UI properties to its children.

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• How to track many in-game statistics

  - by Alex Schearer

  I am looking to track many in-game events, e.g. the score of each move, how many moves are taken, what types of moves, etc. A lot of stats can simply be tracked with a counter. In some cases I need to aggregate data in order to calculate the value (e.g. most common move). How are you tracking in-game stats for your games? How do you avoid creating a class with tens or hundreds of fields? How do you avoid littering the code with tracking invocations? How do you abstract the aggregate data so as to avoid rewriting it for each scenario?

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• Many sources of movement in an entity system

  - by Sticky

  I'm fairly new to the idea of entity systems, having read a bunch of stuff (most usefully, this great blog and this answer). Though I'm having a little trouble understanding how something as simple as being able to manipualate the position of an object by an undefined number of sources. That is, I have my entity, which has a position component. I then have some event in the game which tells this entity to move a given distance, in a given time. These events can happen at any time, and will have different values for position and time. The result is that they'd be compounded together. In a traditional OO solution, I'd have some sort of MoveBy class, that contains the distance/time, and an array of those inside my game object class. Each frame, I'd iterate through all the MoveBy, and apply it to the position. If a MoveBy has reached its finish time, remove it from the array. With the entity system, I'm a little confused as how I should replicate this sort of behavior. If there were just one of these at a time, instead of being able to compound them together, it'd be fairly straightforward (I believe) and look something like this: PositionComponent containing x, y MoveByComponent containing x, y, time Entity which has both a PositionComponent and a MoveByComponent MoveBySystem that looks for an entity with both these components, and adds the value of MoveByComponent to the PositionComponent. When the time is reached, it removes the component from that entity. I'm a bit confused as to how I'd do the same thing with many move by's. My initial thoughts are that I would have: PositionComponent, MoveByComponent the same as above MoveByCollectionComponent which contains an array of MoveByComponents MoveByCollectionSystem that looks for an entity with a PositionComponent and a MoveByCollectionComponent, iterating through the MoveByComponents inside it, applying/removing as necessary. I guess this is a more general problem, of having many of the same component, and wanting a corresponding system to act on each one. My entities contain their components inside a hash of component type - component, so strictly have only 1 component of a particular type per entity. Is this the right way to be looking at this? Should an entity only ever have one component of a given type at all times?

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• Should components have sub-components in a component-based system like Artemis?

  - by Daniel Ingraham

  I am designing a game using Artemis, although this is more of philosophical question about component-based design in general. Let's say I have non-primitive data which applies to a given component (a Component "animal" may have qualities such as "teeth" or "diet"). There are three ways to approach this in data-driven design, as I see it: 1) Generate classes for these qualities using "traditional" OOP. I imagine this has negative implications for performance, as systems then must be made aware of these qualities in order to process them. It also seems counter to the overall philosophy of data-driven design. 2) Include these qualities as sub-components. This seems off, in that we are now confusing the role of components with that of entities. Moreover out of the box Artemis isn't capable of mapping these subcomponents onto their parent components. 3) Add "teeth", "diet", etc. as components to the overall entity alongside "animal". While this feels odd hierarchically, it may simply be a peculiarity of component-based systems. I suspect 3 is the correct way to think about things, but I was curious about other ideas.

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