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• How to specify what network interface to use with TTCP or IPERF?

  - by Sammy

  The PC has two Gigabit Ethernet ports. They function as two separate network adapters. I'm trying to do a simple loopback test between the two. I've tried TTCP and IPERF. They're giving me hard time because I'm using the same physical PC. Using pcattcp... On the receiver end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>pcattcp -r PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Receive Test 0... TCP Receive Test Local Host : GIGA ************** Listening...: On TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 Accept : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 Receive Mode: Sinking (discarding) Data Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 16777216 bytes in 0.076 real seconds = 215578.95 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2052; msec/call: 0.038; calls/sec: 27000.000 C:\PCATTCP-0114> On the transmitter end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>PCATTCP.exe -t 10.1.1.1 PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Transmit Test 0... TCP Transmit Test Transmit : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 TCP_NODELAY : DISABLED (0) Connect : Connected to 10.1.1.1:5001 Send Mode : Send Pattern; Number of Buffers: 2048 Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 16777216 bytes in 0.075 real seconds = 218453.33 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2048; msec/call: 0.037; calls/sec: 27306.667 C:\PCATTCP-0114> It's responding alright. But why does it say 0.0.0.0? Is it passing through only one of the network adapters? I want 10.1.1.1 to be the server (receiver) and 10.1.1.2 to be the client (transmitter). These are the IP addresses assigned manually to each network adapter. How do I specify these addresses in TTCP? There is also the IPERF tool which has the -B option. Unfortunately I've been only able to use this option to bind the server to the 10.1.1.1 address. I was unable to bind the client to the 10.1.1.2 address. I might be doing it wrong. Can the -B option be used for both the server as well as the client side? What does the syntax look like for the client?

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• How to set 2 conditions / criterias for VLOOKUP / LOOKUP / etc in OpenOffice Calc (or Excel)

  - by MestreLion

  I have this spreadsheet that started as a silly aid for a game (Mafia Wars 2), but grew into a tricky spreadsheet question. In the game your character have 9 "slots" for weapons and armors, 1 for each "type": Light Weapon, Heavy Weapon, Body Armor, Head Armor, etc. So I made a list of all weapons and armors available in the game, 1 item per row. Example: SHOP ITEM TYPE ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE EQUIPPED? Marketplace Weapon Light Konrad Knife 16 5 5.500 Marketplace Weapon Light Ice Queen 19 6 8.200 Marketplace Armor Body Up Layered Polym 0 31 8.600 Marketplace Armor Body Up Full Shield 7 42 17.650 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Konrad Bullpup 53 25 24.500 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Army Boots 15 55 24.500 Bone Yard Weapon Light Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 x Neon Strip Vehicle Ground Supercharged 41 34 24.500 Dead End Weapon Heavy Sharp Sickle 21 5 24.500 Dead End Armor Body Low Unholy Boots 5 36 15.000 Dead End Armor Head Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 x Last columns is an indication of the items i have already bought and equipped (marked with "x"). What I need is a formula that, for each "slot" (item type), returns info related to the item of that kind that I am using. That would be: ITEM TYPE SHOP NAME ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE Weapon Light Bone Yard Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 Weapon Heavy Marketplace Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 Weapon Special -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Up -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Low Marketplace Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 Armor Head Dead End Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 Vehicle Ground -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Water -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Air -- -- -- -- -- The item types are fixed, so they can be hard coded. Each row for an item type. So, for 1st result line, it would return data from the row where both 2nd column is "Weapon Light" and last column is "x". Basically I need a LOOKUP (or VLOOKUP, or anything else) that uses 2 criteria to find a given row, the item type and the X marker. Question is: HOW? I am using OpenOffice Calc 3.2.1, but since it shares so many functions with MS Excel, answers for Excel are also fine (as long as it only uses regular formulas, no VBScript or Macros or VBA etc) Last but not least, suggestions / solutions for rearranging the data so it makes this problem easier to solve are also welcome. Thanks!

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• Slow Windows Explorer on Windows 7

  - by MadBoy

  I have Laptop with i7 (4 cores), 8GB ram and SSD OCZ Vertex 3 MaxIOPS which in testing that I did just now does 400mb/s+ read/write. However the responsiveness of Windows Explorer is far from being perfect. Opening up Computer, Documents, going into folders is very slow (1-5seconds). I don't have any viruses or spyware and I have tried changing properties to optimize view for General Items. I tried disabling Search Indexer but it made search in Outlook 2010 crawl and didn't bring any other effect. Even double clicking on file takes some time to open things up (like clicking a Word document). I don't have any drives mapped, my computer is not joined to domain. I have multiple VPN connections that I connect to but they all have disabled default gateways. I tried using CC Cleaner or some Windows 7 Tweaks app to disable some things. I am power user using Visual Studio, Tortoise SVN and other developer/administration apps. Any non obvious ideas? Edit: So I've been trying to pinpoint where the issue comes from and it seems that straight after reboot Windows Explorer opens very fast, when I load 3-4 programs (Royal TS, Visual Studio, Outlook) it's noticeably slower and the more programs I have it gets worse. After I start closing programs it starts working better and if I leave 2 open it's fast again. I tried doing some research with DiskMon and other programs from sysinternals but couldn't find anything suspicious. Below are stats during normal usage with a lots of programs open: - Ram usage with a lot of programs open and no swap file (i disabled it for testing): 6.95GB - CPU usage: 15%, none of the cores takes more then 50% (I have VS 2010 open x 4) HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Benchmark Test capacity: full Read transfer rate Transfer Rate Minimum : 363.9 MB/s Transfer Rate Maximum : 505.5 MB/s Transfer Rate Average : Access Time : Burst Rate : CPU Usage : HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI File Benchmark Drive C: Transfer rate test File Size: 500 MB Sequential read 484102 KB/s Sequential write 444714 KB/s Random read 7779 IOPS Random write 16888 IOPS Random read (queue depth = 32) 73007 IOPS Random write (queue depth = 32) 69790 IOPS HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Random Access Test capacity: full Read test Transfer size operations / sec avg. access time max. access time avg. speed 512 bytes 3260 IOPS 0.306 ms 2.106 ms 1.592 MB/s 4 KB 4161 IOPS 0.240 ms 2.006 ms 16.256 MB/s 64 KB 2382 IOPS 0.419 ms 2.367 ms 148.934 MB/s 1 MB 449 IOPS 2.225 ms 4.197 ms 449.407 MB/s Random 809 IOPS 1.235 ms 6.551 ms 410.527 MB/s HD Tune Pro: OCZ-VERTEX3 MI Extra Tests Test capacity: full Random seek 3975 IOPS 0.252 ms 1.941 MB/s Random seek 4 KB 4245 IOPS 0.236 ms 16.583 MB/s Butterfly seek 4086 IOPS 0.245 ms 1.995 MB/s Random seek / size 64 KB 3812 IOPS 0.262 ms 58.606 MB/s Random seek / size 8 MB 120 IOPS 8.348 ms 485.737 MB/s Sequential outer 4524 IOPS 0.221 ms 282.721 MB/s Sequential middle 4429 IOPS 0.226 ms 276.818 MB/s Sequential inner 5504 IOPS 0.182 ms 344.000 MB/s Burst rate 4472 IOPS 0.224 ms 279.475 MB/s

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• In search of a network file system with extended caching to speed up file access

  - by Brecht Machiels

  I'm running a small home server that stores my documents. The disks in this server are in a RAID 1 configuration (using Linux md) and it's also periodically being backup up to an external hard drive to make sure I don't lose them. However, I'm always accessing the files from other computers on the home network using an SMB share, and this results in a considerable speed penalty (especially when connected over WLAN). This is quite annoying when editing large files, such as digital camera RAWs, for example. I've been looking for a solution to this problem. It would have to offer some kind of local caching to speed up the file access. The client would preferably not keep a copy of all data on the server, as it consists of a very large collection of photographs, most of which I will not access frequently. Instead, it should only cache the accessed files and sync the changes back in the background. Ideally, it would also do some smart read-ahead (cache the files that are in the same directory as the currently opened file, for examples), but I suppose that's asking a bit much. Synchronization should be automatic (on file change). Conflicting file changes (at the same time on different clients) are unlikely to happen in my use case, but I would prefer if they are handled properly (notification to the user). I've come across the following options, so far: something similar to Dropbox. iFolder seems to be the only thing that comes close, but its reputation (stability) and requirements put me off. A distributed file system such as OpenAFS. I'm not sure this will speed up file access. It is probably overkill for what I need. Maybe NFS or even Samba offer these possibilities. I read a bit about Windows' Offline Files, but its operation seems limited (at least on Windows XP). As this is just for personal use, I'm not willing to spend a lot of money. A free solution would be preferred. Also, the server needs to run on Linux, and I need a client for at least Windows.

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• Windows Media Player Object with Video_TS Files - No Sound Anymore

  - by user1624184

  I copied a bunch of my DVDs (yes, owned) to a drive and created a basic webpage to be able to search and play them. I am using the code at the bottom to create a Windows Media Player object and then play the video. The video files are pulled off the DVD in the original format so each movie has files like this: VTS_01_0.BUP VTS_01_0.IFO VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB VTS_01_5.VOB VTS_01_6.VOB This all worked great until just recently. On my dev machine, I can play the videos but now, all of a sudden, there is no sound. I have tried the following but no luck: The video is not muted and the sound is at 50% Under the sound icon, under mixer, I checked IE and it is fine Sound works fine using another program, says WinAmp Opening Windows Media Player directly from the Start Menu and then playing the same movie works fine and I get sound I ensured that the option in IE to play sound on websites is checked I can play sound on other people's websites where they have embedded WMP files I tried resetting all of the IE settings on the Advanced tab in IE I tried my website, with my code below on another computer, AND IT WORKS FINE! I tried copying the media files listed above from the computer that works fine to my dev computer and it still doesn't work. If I try using a ".wmv" file, the sound does work By the way, I am using Win7 with IE8. As you can see, this is driving me crazy! Why would it stop working on my one computer and the same code and files work fine on another computer? Any help would be greatly appreciated. <OBJECT id="mediaPlayer" width="640px" height="480px" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:0px;" CLASSID="CLSID:6BF52A52-394A-11d3-B153-00C04F79FAA6" type="application/x-oleobject"> <PARAM NAME="URL" VALUE="E:\test\VIDEO_TS\VIDEO_TS.IFO" /> <PARAM NAME="SendPlayStateChangeEvents" VALUE="True"/> <PARAM NAME="AutoStart" VALUE="True"/> <PARAM NAME="uiMode" VALUE="full"/> <PARAM NAME="volume" VALUE="50" /> <PARAM NAME="PlayCount" VALUE="9999"/> <PARAM NAME="fullScreen" VALUE="true"/> <PARAM NAME="enableContextMenu" VALUE="true"/> </OBJECT>

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• What "pieces" are needed in order to set up a cluster of physical servers?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Background: Currently, we use Rackspace cloud servers. We have no intention to stop using them, but would like to look into setting up a cluster of physical servers (probably desktop computers in the $400 range with 8gb memory each) to offset some of our load and work as a secondary, more powerful, less reliable system. To put things in perspective, we can buy comparable desktop computers for the same price as we pay in one month to rent them on Rackspace Cloud. I understand that this is generally a dumb idea. However, in this particular instance, the server cluster is needed for its computation power. It is not mission-critical, it does not host a consumer-facing website, and if it goes down for a day or two, its not really a problem. Currently, we have access to business class verizon fios. If I understand correctly, we can get at least 25 dedicated IP addresses with this service, this should be enough. Requirements: Each server runs Linux Centos 6.3 Some of the servers run Python and execute processes from a task queue (Redis or RabbitMQ) Some of the servers are capable of serving static files and Python driven REST APIs Some of the servers host a Cassandra database cluster One or more of the servers are a Redis database servers One or more of the servers are PostgreSQL servers Questions: What kind of router or switch is needed? We would like the computers to be able to communicate effectively with each other via internal IP addresses. This is especially important for communicating with servers hosting Redis that need to be able to respond to requests very quickly. Are there special switches or routers that need to be used to connect the servers together? Are Desktop computers ok for this? We have found that we are mostly RAM-bottle necked, I understand that some servers have highly superior CPUs, but I'm not sure we need CPU power as much as we need RAM, which is cheap in Desktop computers. Will we have problems with the WIFI cards in the desktops or any other unexpected hardware limitation? What tools should be used to "image" the servers. For example, when we get an installation right for a Redis server or Cassandra node, are there tools that come with Linux Centos 6.3 to image the server to a USB drive or something like that? Or do we need to use some other software for this? What other things are we missing that we should be concerned about? Thanks so much!

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• Ubuntu 12.04 boot degraded raid

  - by beacon_bonanza

  I've installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 in a new server and set up the 4 hard drives with 3 RAID 1 devices, the configuration is such that the first two drives have md0 (swap space) and md1 (/) with the third and fourth drives having md2 (/var). I've been testing the operation under a drive failure and found that the system boots fine if I remove disk two but if I remove disk one then the system gets to grub and then just restarts. I'm confused as to why grub appears to be loading properly from disk two but then the boot fails. I've tried to copy the MBR from disk 1 to 2: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=512 count=1 but this didn't make a difference. Any ideas how to get it to boot from just the second disk? fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ccfa5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 31250431 15624192 fd Linux RAID autodetect /dev/sda2 * 31250432 3907028991 1937889280 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ccfa5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 31250431 15624192 fd Linux RAID autodetect /dev/sdb2 * 31250432 3907028991 1937889280 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00035b05 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 2048 3907028991 1953513472 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000c73aa Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 3907028991 1953513472 fd Linux RAID autodetect Disk /dev/md1: 1984.3 GB, 1984264208384 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 484439504 cylinders, total 3875516032 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2: 2000.3 GB, 2000263380992 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488345552 cylinders, total 3906764416 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0: 16.0 GB, 15990652928 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 3903968 cylinders, total 31231744 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

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• How to stop a random ramp in FCGI Processes Killing the server

  - by Andy Main

  So got the below earlier to day... Around that time the logs show a ramp in processes(600) and associated memory (1.2g), cpu usage load average (80) untill the server gave out. Server had to be hard reset by host as there was no ssh or plesk panel access. Fast CGI is configured as below and is setup for one high use site. As I understand it FcgidMaxProcesses 20 should protect against what happen but has not. I've read many forums with differing answers and references to many different fcgi directives, but have found nothing conclusive. Any one got some definitive answers on how to stop this sort of server process ramping and subsequent server failure? If you need more info let me know. Cheers Andy  /var/log/apache2/error_log [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17650 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17649 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17644 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17643 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17638 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17633 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17627 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17622 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17674 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17673 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17672 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17667 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17666 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17665 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17664 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17659 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17658 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17657 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17656 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VRmFLWEZfR2VBb2M https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VWTcwZEhoV2Fqejg https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VUUtVWWFINHZjZ0U https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VZEVMclh6ZUdaOUE <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <IfModule !mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl </IfModule> FcgidIPCDir /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/sock FcgidProcessTableFile /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/shm FcgidIdleTimeout 40 FcgidProcessLifeTime 30 FcgidMaxProcesses 20 FcgidMaxProcessesPerClass 20 FcgidMinProcessesPerClass 0 FcgidConnectTimeout 30 FcgidIOTimeout 120 FcgidInitialEnv RAILS_ENV production FcgidIdleScanInterval 10 FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </IfModule>

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• Ubuntu Server 10.04 Heavy Network Traffic causes disconnect

  - by K Vaughan

  I'm currently running a headless Ubuntu 10.04 server. Installed is the LAMP stack, Joomla, Virtualbox, phpvirtualbox, webmin and proFTP.. It resolves the IP address so I can access it remotely (either the apache2 webserver or the FTP) using DDClient. Any packages installed have been installed using apt-get. Webmin, although discouraged in Ubuntu Server, is used mostly to administer the webserver aspect. This issue also appeared when I was using Ubuntu Server 10.10. After periods of heavy network traffic, whether local or remote, the connect drops. I'm talking specifically about the transfer of files via FTP, SCP or Samba (the latter of which I seldom use). There is no response to ping or ssh. I can't FTP to the server nor can I load the website. There are times when the server has been on for a few days and everything runs fine because I haven't accessed it much, if at all (thus not much network traffic). I've gone through a few hardware changes although I don't believe this has cause the issue: this has been happening long before I made any changes. At first I thought it was my ISP-provided router blocking traffic because of some kind of misconfiguration (perhaps assuming it was some kind of DoS attack). I've changed routers and still found no success. I've checked syslog, dmesg and kern.log for warnings but have uncovered none. I've ran memtest via the GRUB2 menu at boot and once it turned up 4 errors. I ran again with individual sticks of RAM in various slots and everything turned up fine. I've looked through the BIOS settings and everything looks fine. I've tried unplugging unnecessary pieces of hardware (other internal hard drives, CD drives, floppy, PCI cards, etc). Any help or tips on how I can even begin to troubleshoot this would be very much appreciated. Please note that i've only started playing with servers as a hobby so my knowledge wouldn't be the most refined. I'm comfortable with command line and have the initiative to know how to look up something I can't do. Unfortunately I can't seem to find any issues like this. Additionally: If a solution can't be found some assistance to write a script that will cause the server to reboot automatically if, after x minutes, it gets no response to pinging somewhere like google. Admittedly that's not the cleanest solution should my internet end up going down but I can't think of what else to do.

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• Dual booting Windows 7 & 8.1, using the Windows 8 Startup Options Menu, when Windows 8.1 is already installed and you want to add Windows 7

  - by Josh

  There are many excellent guides out there that explain how to dual-boot Windows 7 & 8. However, they are written for people starting with a Windows 7 installation and add a Windows 8 installation to separate partition. From what I'm reading, following this procedure will result in Windows 8 installing and configuring the Startup Options Menu with an option to boot Windows 7 & 8. However, in my situation I have a Windows 8.1 machine that I want to install Windows 7 on, and enable dual-boot, where I can use the Startup Options Menu to select the OS to boot. I haven't been able to determine how to do this. From everything I've been able to find, it looks like if I install Windows 7, it is going to take over the boot loader process, and I won't have access to the Windows 8 "Startup Options Menu." This answer suggests I boot to VHD, but notes a drawback: You can't do this if the C:\drive is encrypted using ANY encryption shceme. Be that BitLocker or 3rd party. The location of the .VHD file you are booting to must reside on an unencrypted volume. Well, that's a bummer, because that's exactly what I wanted to do--I wanted my Windows 7 partition to be encrypted, and my Windows 8 partition to also be encrypted. The idea being that when OS was booted, it was completely locked out from accessing data on the other OS's partition. At this point, I'm thinking my only option is to install Windows 7, and then re-install Windows 8, which will give me the dual-boot option... am I right? Or is there a way to make this work. I'm thinking that I would need to figure out a process like this: Configure the Windows Startup Options Menu with a "blank" entry for Windows 7, pointing to an empty partition Insert the Windows 7 installation media, install Windows 7, and somehow restrict it to that partition (i.e., prevent it from "taking over" from the Startup Options Menu" Is this possible, and if so, how can I accomplish this? My concern is that if I simply install Windows 7 to a separate partition, Windows 7 will take over the entire boot process and I won't be able to get to my Windows 8 installation any more.

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• Encrypted off-site data storage

  - by Dan

  My business has a rather unique problem. We work in China and we want to implement a file server paradigm which does not store any files locally, but rather in a server overseas. Applications would be saved onto our local machines, but data would be loaded directly into memory from the cloud, e.g. I load a docx into word at the beginning of the day, saving periodically to the cloud as I work on it, and turn off my computer at night, with nothing saved locally. Considering recent events, we worry about being raided by the Chinese authorities, and although all our data is encrypted, it would not be hard for the authorities to force us to give up the keys. So the goal is not to have anything compromising physically in China. We have about 20 computers, and we need an authenticated, encrypted connection with this overseas file server. A system with Active-Directory-like permissions would be best, so that only management can read or write to certain files, or workers can only access files that relate to their projects, and to which all access can be cut off should the need arise. The file server itself would also need to be encrypted. And for convenience, it would be nice if this system was integrated with each computer's file explorer (like skydrive or dropbox does, but, again, without saving a copy locally), rather than through a browser. I can't find any solution online. Does anyone know of a service that does this? Otherwise I'll have to do it myself (which kinda sounds fun, but I don't really have the time), and I'm not sure where to start. Amazon maybe. But the protocols that offices would use on their intranet typically aren't encrypted; we need all traffic securely tunneled out of the country. Each computer already has a VPN to a server in California, but I'm unsure whether it would be efficient to pipe file transfers through it. Let me know if anyone has any ideas. And this is my first post; feel free say whether this question is inappropriate/needs to be posted elsewhere.

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• SAS Expanders vs Direct Attached (SAS)?

  - by jemmille

  I have a storage unit with 2 backplanes. One backplane holds 24 disks, one backplane holds 12 disks. Each backplane is independently connected to a SFF-8087 port (4 channel/12Gbit) to the raid card. Here is where my question really comes in. Can or how easily can a backplane be overloaded? All the disks in the machine are WD RE4 WD1003FBYX (black) drives that have average writes at 115MB/sec and average read of 125 MB/sec I know things would vary based on the raid or filesystem we put on top of that but it seems to be that a 24 disk backplane with only one SFF-8087 connector should be able to overload the bus to a point that might actually slow it down? Based on my math, if I had a RAID0 across all 24 disks and asked for a large file, I should, in theory should get 24*115 MB/sec wich translates to 22.08 GBit/sec of total throughput. Either I'm confused or this backplane is horribly designed, at least in a perfomance environment. I'm looking at switching to a model where each drive has it's own channel from the backplane (and new HBA's or raid card). EDIT: more details We have used both pure linux (centos), open solaris, software raid, hardware raid, EXT3/4, ZFS. Here are some examples using bonnie++ 4 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 194MB/s 19% 92MB/s 11% 200MB/s 8% 310/sec 194MB/s 19% 93MB/s 11% 201MB/s 8% 312/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 389MB/s 19% 186MB/s 11% 402MB/s 8% 311/sec 8 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 346MB/s 13% 466/sec 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 348MB/s 14% 465/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 648MB/s 32% 328MB/s 19% 694MB/s 13% 465/sec 12 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 377MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 429MB/s 17% 537/sec 376MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 427MB/s 17% 546/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 753MB/s 38% 382MB/s 22% 857MB/s 17% 541/sec Now 16 Disk RAID-0, it's gets interesting WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 359MB/s 34% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1397/sec 358MB/s 33% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1340/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 717MB/s 33% 373MB/s 22% 814MB/s 18% 1368/sec 20 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 371MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 450MB/s 19% 775/sec 370MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 797/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 741MB/s 37% 376MB/s 22% 898MB/s 19% 786/sec 24 Disk RAID-1, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 347MB/s 34% 193MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 907/sec 347MB/s 34% 192MB/s 23% 446MB/s 19% 933/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 694MB/s 34% 386MB/s 22% 894MB/s 19% 920/sec 28 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 32 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 36 Disk RAID-0, ZFS More details: Here is the exact unit: http://www.supermicro.com/products/chassis/4U/847/SC847E1-R1400U.cfm

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• Ubuntu Lucid: Erratic screen behaviour after boot

  - by fgysin

  In short: about 50% of the time I have a screwed up monitor setup after reboot. About 50% it is totally correct. Now the longer version: I updated my machine from 9.04 to 10.04 (via 9.10). At first I run into some monitor problems (I have a 3-monitor setup) because of the known bug in the new xserver driver for xinerama. This messes up behaviour if the mouse goes either left or above the screen number 0, i.e. I had to make my left-most monitor screen 0. Everything worked out fine finally, I got my 3-monitor setup back with xinerama enabled to get one big desktop streched over 3 screens. Now the fun part: Every time I start up my machine only one of the 3 monitors gets a signal and is woken up: it only recognizes the left-most monitor (screen 0) and crams all the desktop stuff into this one screen. If I go into nvidia settings I only see one physical device although all 3 are connected and have power. When I look into the xorg.conf I can still see my old setup with 3 devices, 3 screens, xinerama active etc... But I was totally unable to get 3 montitors to work. (I tried unplugging monitors, reconfiguring whole nvidia setup, ...) But it gets even better: When I restart my machine (i.e. choose the restart option from the Ubuntu menu) it shuts down and tries to restart. The restart then gets stuck after showing the Ubuntu splash screen with the 'loading bar' (the moving dots thingy) and I am forced to kill the machine by cutting power. But after the power cut the machine boots up normally and suddenly I get my 3 monitor setup back up working. That is until the next time I shut down and start up, where it all starts over again and I only have one monitor... (see above) I really have a hard time seeing where the error is. It must be that the restart boot somehow differs from the 'normal' boot. But the fact that it gets stuck and I need to cut power which then basically triggers a 'normal' boot does not really support this theory... My setup (please tell me if you need further info): 3 monitors as 3 screens as one desktop (with xinerama) 2 nvidia cards where screen 0 and 1 are on card 0 and screen 2 is on card 1 Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx (updated from 9.10, 9.04, ....) I would appreciate every idea on the subject, at the moment I really don't have any clue what to do...

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• Cannot browse network shares in Windows Explorer, but paths are still accessible

  - by Jeff Lockhart

  Windows Explorer has somehow corrupted itself and I'm not sure how to fix this problem. My Windows installation has been in use for a few years with network shares setup and working. Recently, I noticed that a program that I use to save network share paths to a database was no longer opening the explorer window to browse the path. It usually opens to the last path saved, but now it was just not opening at all. When I go to Windows Explorer to browse the network share directly, I get the error \\SERVER is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. The specified network provider name is invalid. The network shares are just shares on the server itself (once saved to the database, they're used on the server as well as clients to reach files). The strange thing is, the files are still accessible from the program that uses them if I type the network share path in manually. So it is only a problem with Windows Explorer browsing the path. The reason I think there is some sort of configuration or setting, possibly in the registry, corrupted is that when the problem first manifest itself, I was somehow able to open an explorer window to a network share path, but the breadcrumb in the address bar did not function properly. It duplicated the share name folder at the top of the breadcrumb stack and when I clicked the second of the duplicated share folder, it crashed explorer.exe. I haven't been able to browse any network share path since this happened. I have tried using the IP address directly \\192.168.1.# as well as \\localhost and neither of those work either. I have tried running sfc /scannow and it did not find any errors. I tried ipconfig /flushdns and this made no difference. Attempting to map the network share to a drive fails using either the explorer GUI or net use command. Is there some way to reset Windows Explorer somehow to resolve this? I'd really like to avoid reinstalling Windows entirely if I can.

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• My server is slower than the average user's computer, should I still offload Access queries to SQL Server? [closed]

  - by andrewb

  Possible Duplicate: How do you do Load Testing and Capacity Planning for Databases I have a database set up with MS Access 2007 front ends and an SQL Server 2005 back end. At the moment, all the queries are saved in the front end as I've only recently moved to an SQL Server backend. I'm wondering how much of those queries I should save as stored procedures/views on SQL Server. About the system The number of concurrent users is only a handful, though it could be as high as 25 at one time (very unlikely). The average computer has an Intel i3-2120 CPU running at 3.3 GHz, which gets a PassMark score of 3,987, whilst the server has an Intel Xeon E5335 running at 2.0 GHz, which gets a PassMark score of 2,637. Always an awkward situation when an i3 outperforms a Xeon... though the i3 is from Q1 2011 and the Xeon is Q2 2009. There is potential for a server upgrade in the future, though it wouldn't come easy. I'm inclined to move the queries to the back end, as they are beginning to take noticeable time and I figure that is a better way of doing things. I like the idea of throwing everything at the server, then pushing for a server upgrade. It makes more sense in my mind to be upgrading one server rather than 30 PCs. Or am I being overzealous? Why my question isn't a duplicate It seems that my question has been misinterpreted and labelled a duplicate of quite a different question, one about testing and capacity planning. I'll try explain how my question is very different from the linked question. The crux of my question is something like "Even though my server is technically slower, is it better to have it doing more of the queries?" There's two ways that people could have answered this: I agree the server is going to be slower, but the extra benefits of such and such (like the less Access the better) means you should move most to the server anyway. (OR no it doesn't outweigh the benefit, keep them in Access) Actually the server will be faster because of such and such. I'm hoping that people out there could provide some answers like this, and the question in the dupe link doesn't really provide either of these answers. Ok sure, I suppose I could do extensive performance testing to compare Access queries running on a local machine to SQL Server queries running on the server, but that sounds like a very hard task (particularly performance testing of access) compared to someone giving some quick general guidance, and again, my question is looking for a lot more than immediate performance benefit.

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• IIS URL Rewrite - Redirect any HTTPS traffic to sub-domain

  - by uniquelau

  We have an interesting hosting environment that dictates all secure traffic must travel over a specific sub domain. E.g. http://secure.domain.com/my-page I'd like to handle this switch using URL Rewrite, i.e. at server level, rather than application level. My cases are: https://secure.domain.com/page = NO CHANGE, remains the same https://domain.com/page = sub-domain inserted, https://secure.domain.com/page https://www.domain.com/page = remove 'www', insert sub-domain In my mind the logic is: INPUT = Full Url = http://www.domain.com/page If INPUT contains HTTPS Then check Full URL, does it contain 'secure'? If YES do nothing, if no add 'secure' If INPUT contains 'www' remove 'www' The certificate is not a wild card (e.g. top level domain) and is issues to: https://secure.domain.com/ The website could also be hosted in a staging environment. E.g. https://secure.environment.domain.com/ I do not have control over 'environment' or 'domain' or the 'tld'. Laurence - Update 1, 19th August So as mentioned below, the trick here is to avoid a redirect loop that could drive anyone well loopy. This is what I propose: One rule to force certain traffic to the secure domain: <rule name="Force 'Umbraco' to secure" stopProcessing="true"> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{REQUEST_URI}" pattern="^/umbraco/(.+)$" ignoreCase="true" /> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" negate="true" pattern="^secure\.(.+)$" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="https://secure.{HTTP_HOST}/{R:0}" redirectType="Permanent" /> </rule> Another rule, that then removes the secure domain, expect for traffic on the secure domain. <rule name="Remove secure, expect for Umbraco" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" ignoreCase="true" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^secure\.(.+)$" /> <add input="{REQUEST_URI}" negate="true" pattern="^/umbraco/(.+)$" ignoreCase="true" /> </conditions> <!-- Set Domain to match environment --> <action type="Redirect" url="http://staging.domain.com/{R:0}" appendQueryString="true" redirectType="Permanent" /> </rule> This works for a single directory or group of files, however I've been unable to add additional logic into those two rules. For example you might have 3 folders that need to be secure, I tried adding these as Negate records, but then no redirection happens at all. Hmmm! L

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• Preinstalled Windows 8 and Linux UEFI dual boot on a laptop

  - by itchy355

  I am trying to set up Windows 8 and Arch Linux on a new Sony Vaio E14 with preinstalled windows 8. So far: installed W8 to my new SSD (switched for the original HDD) using Recovery Media shrunk the W8 partition, deleted recovery partition, disabled swap confirmed W8 booting just fine On to Arch: disabled Secure Boot in bios confirmed W8 booting just fine Booted Arch off the CD and installed everything to 4th and 5th partition set up rEFInd for EFIstub kernel bootloader After that it got worse. I was unable to boot anything else than Windows 8 (although I was glad that they at least kept working just fine). Tried: creating EFI\refind\ and putting the .efi there (as per Arch manual overwriting EFI\boot\bootx64.efi overwriting EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgr.efi overwriting EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi --- YAY rEFInd shown up! So far, so good. I've kept the whole W8 Boot\ directory in EFI\windows8 and set up a boot menuentry for it; and it booted just fine. But, upon restart, everything was wrong -- 'Operating system not found' instead of any bootloader (refind or w8). Booted back into Arch using the live CD to find out that the EFI partition had erroneous FAT table. fsck.vfat fixed it, and I've found that EFI\Microsoft\Boot was back to it's original state (all refind files deleted and replaced with W8 bootloaders). I've overwritten them again and got back to rEFInd showing up correctly and Arch being perfectly bootable. After that I've tried only renaming EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi to bootmgfw.001.efi (then copying refind's .efi to bootmgfw.efi and keeping EVERY OTHER file as it was), but with exactly the same result. Tried marking the GPT EFI partition as read-only, same result. Now I'm kinda out of luck. Arch boots fine, so does W8 but it destroys the EFI partition in the process. Thanks for any ideas, Googling brought me this far and I can't find any better. PS -- windows 8 MAYBE destroys the partition upon shutdown -- when I order a shutdown in W8, it takes unusually long (about half a minute instead of ~5 seconds). So in theory I could solve this by hard-resetting the laptop instead of a normal shutdown, but that's just not nice.

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• Windows 7 laptop constantly dropping internet connection

  - by Corbin Holbert

  I have scoured the web for an answer and failed to find one. I am using a Toshiba Satellite laptop running Windows 7 64-Bit. I have the computer connected via Wifi. Now, I am no beginner with the Internet, or anything related to computers, as I have grown up teaching everyone around me how to use computers, and went to college for IT. Everything on my network works flawlessly at all times, except for this evil laptop. The worst part is that I fixed this once before a few years back and recently had to replace the hard drive and re-install the OS, but cannot for the life of me remember what I did to make this problem go away. I am in my browser, connected to the Internet. I click a link. Suddenly no internet access. All I do is click down on the WiFi connection in the task bar, disconnect and reconnect immediately. Internet is back the moment I hit "connect." I have read many people had the same issues as I am having, but they all had triggers or other network issues. I have no trigger (this happens literally five to six times per minute no matter what I am doing) and I have no problems with my router, modem, or any other devices or computers on said network. As I am a web designer, and like to test my work live at every turn- this is going to result in this laptop being in pieces if I can't get it fixed soon. If more info is needed, let me know and I will provide. Thanks for any help offered! EDIT: Network Card: Realtek RTL8188CE Wireless LAN 802.11n PCI-E NIC Network state reads as "No Internet Access" when the problem first occurs, then magically I have Internet access for about ten seconds once I disconnect and reconnect. I have turned off IPV6, I have turned off power saving options for the network adapter, no viruses. Any new ideas? Also, I had to disconnect and reconnect four times just to get to this edit screen- and will likely have to do the same just to post it- it's that bad.

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• Abnormal hangs and restarts Ubuntu 8.04

  - by jai-ho

  Hi, I am using Ubuntu 8.04 LTS and seeing the following behaviors: The system hangs after a while and becomes completely unresponsive. The system sometimes restarts itself ! Can you please help me identify what is the problem? Also please mention where should I look for the possible cause of this error. Thanks. EDIT: Got the following from the dmesg output (the system got hung and had to restart) [ 15.452015] Driver 'sr' needs updating - please use bus_type methods [ 15.456882] Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods [ 15.457987] sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 52x/52x writer cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray [ 15.457993] Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [ 15.458058] sr 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 [ 15.463028] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] 156301488 512-byte hardware sectors (80026 MB) [ 15.463051] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 15.463055] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 15.463083] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 15.463151] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] 156301488 512-byte hardware sectors (80026 MB) [ 15.463167] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 15.463171] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 15.463197] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 15.463202] sda:<5sr 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 5 [ 15.464634] sd 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0 [ 15.470120] sda1 sda2 < sda5 [ 15.495536] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 15.759549] Attempting manual resume [ 15.759554] swsusp: Resume From Partition 8:5 [ 15.759556] PM: Checking swsusp image. [ 15.759742] PM: Resume from disk failed. [ 15.779964] EXT3-fs: INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem. [ 15.779970] EXT3-fs: write access will be enabled during recovery. [ 19.904204] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds [ 19.904235] EXT3-fs: sda1: orphan cleanup on readonly fs [ 19.904245] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 303260 [ 19.904304] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 303329 [ 19.932763] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801871 [ 19.932785] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801874 [ 19.932798] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801910 [ 19.951253] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801912 [ 19.951266] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801914 [ 19.951278] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3959212 [ 19.951299] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3959213 [ 19.960335] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3959215 [ 19.963531] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3801875 [ 19.963545] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3663727 [ 19.963565] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 3663708 [ 19.963577] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072122 [ 19.963597] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072157 [ 19.968616] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072159 [ 19.970252] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072160 [ 19.970264] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072161 [ 19.992889] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072264 [ 19.992903] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072267 [ 19.999585] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072268 [ 20.008329] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072270 [ 20.008343] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072123 [ 20.008360] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072452 [ 20.008374] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072453 [ 20.008385] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 4072124 [ 20.008398] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 311574 [ 20.008413] ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 967890 [ 20.008420] EXT3-fs: sda1: 28 orphan inodes deleted [ 20.008423] EXT3-fs: recovery complete. [ 20.082622] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. [ 29.025379] input: PC Speaker as /devices/platform/pcspkr/input/input2 [ 29.187133] Linux agpgart interface v0.102 [ 29.225338] iTCO_vendor_support: vendor-support=0 [ 29.259662] iTCO_wdt: Intel TCO WatchDog Timer Driver v1.02 (26-Jul-2007)

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• Safer RAID5 rebuilds using partially failed disks?

  - by arcticmac

  There have been lots of articles posted recently about how RAID5 is dangerous because of long resilver times, and in particular because of increasing chances of encountering a URE during the resilver. Obviously this is a significant concern. However, it seems that in many cases of interest (as long as you're keeping some kind of eye on your disks), when it comes time to rebuild the array, the disk that I'm replacing is still mostly readable. If you try to explain this predicament to the average layperson, they are typically very confused as to why you have two almost completely functional disks but can't produce one working array. It seems to me that there ought to be some way to take advantage of this to make rebuilds safer, as long as I'm willing to have the RAID5 be read-only for a couple of days while it rebuilds. Conceptually, what I have in mind looks something like this: When a disk fails, immediately take the RAID5 offline or mount it read-only Attach a new disk (either in a spare bay, or externally via eSATA) and begin rebuilding it to replace the failed one. If known, perhaps start with the stripes in which the failure occurred, to minimize the chances of losing those if another disk fails. In the event that a second disk experiences a URE or other failure during the rebuild, try to source that data from the disk that is being replaced. Presumably if this happens, more rebuilding would be necessary. When complete, shut down the server, swap the replacement drive into the original bay if desired, and bring the array back up. Obviously such a process would not be appropriate for applications where uptime is critical or data loss cannot be tolerated, but it seems to me that this could help considerably to improve the reliability of RAID5. I assume that there's not a good way to implement a recovery like this at present, given that I haven't seen any indication of tools that are designed to do this, and that it seems like it would be rather obtuse to work out manually. Are there also technical issues with it that I haven't thought of (I'm still fairly new to RAID stuff)? Any thoughts on how hard something like this would be to implement (e.g. in linux md raid)?

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• Cannot exit X server, restart, shutdown or drop to tty when VGA monitor active

  - by terdon

  I have a strange problem. If I connect an external VGA monitor to my laptop, exiting the X environment in any way crashes the computer. For example, say I am working with my two monitors (the laptop's and one connected to my VGA port) active. Hitting Ctrl+Alt+F Key should take me down to a tty. What actually happens is that the VGA screen goes blank, as you would expect, but the laptop screen, although still on, shows nothing. I know the screen is on because it is slightly more illuminated than when it is off. When in this state, I can do nothing to regain access to the machine. I have tried: Ctrl+F Key (and even Ctrl+Alt+F Key, just in case) combinations and none seem to have any effect. Ctrl+Alt+Del : Nothing Magic SysRq key: Nothing Blindly typing my username and password and trying to reboot/shutdown or restart GDM or MDM: Nothing The only thing that works is a hard reset. The exact same behavior occurs when kiling the X server through Ctrl+Alt+Backspace, rebooting or shutdown. There is no difference if I reboot/shutdown/log out using the WM's graphical menu or if I use the shutdown or rebootcommands. It is also not WM-dependent. I have the same problem using Cinnamon, Gnome 3, MATE and xfce4. It is, however, VGA dependent. I have tried connecting another VGA monitor and have the same problem. I do not, however, have this problem if a screen is connected to the DisplayPort. It is, therefore, a VGA specific issue. To make things even stranger, this only occurs when both screens are active. If either the laptop screen or the VGA monitor is inactive the problem goes away. Finally, this problem arose when I installed the latest Linux Mint Debian (LMDE). It did not occur with the previous release of LMDE. I am not sure what has changed since I used the same kernel version in both releases (I had upgraded the kernel while on the previous release) and, I think, the same nvidia drivers. Oh, and yes, I have updated the nvidia driver. Hardware: Dell M4500 laptop CPU: Intel Core i7 RAM: 8GB Graphics: nVidia GT216 [Quadro FX 880M] Software: LMDE, kernel 3.2.0-2-amd64 Xorg: 1.11.4 nVidia kernel: 295.20-1+3.2.9-1 Possibly relevant files: /var/log/Xorg.0.log ~/.xsession-errors Does anyone have any ideas how to fix this? Thanks in advance for any help.

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• HOSTS ignored when disconnected [closed]

  - by Synetech

  Problem I’m seeing a strange and extremely frustrating problem. Any system that is not connect to the Internet (Windows 7 shows the no Internet access icon because it cannot constantly ping Microsoft’s servers) cannot even access locally hosted servers. Hypothesis The problem appears to be that the HOSTS file is not being used to resolve DNS entries when there are no active NICs. Tests / Reproduction You can reproduce it as so: Disconnect a system from the Internet (make sure all wired and wireless connections are disconnected). If necessary, add an entry to the HOSTS file (e.g., 127.0.0.1 foobar or 127.0.0.1 foobar.com) Open a command-prompt Type ping foobar or ping foobar.com Observations The screenshots below show a clear and demonstrative example. In the first snap, a laptop is connected to a router wirelessly. The HOSTS file has only three entries and they resolve just fine. In the second snap, the wireless radio is turned off, so the entries in the HOSTS file are ignored. Moreover, notice that pinging localhost still works even without any active NICs (as does 127.0.0.1), but it is using the IPv6 address (must be hard-coded). You can see the same results in Windows XP with no IPv6 installed, so it has nothing to do with IPv6. I tried pining what should have resolved to 127.0.0.1 while the desktop system (with no wireless NICs) was connected via its Ethernet adapter, then again after pulling the cable from the router and waiting a couple of seconds, then again after plugging the cable back in. The same thing happens if instead of pulling out the cable, the NIC is disabled through software (the [Disable] button in the NIC’s Status dialog or via Device Manager). Conclusions It looks as though the HOSTS file is only being read and used if there is an active NIC, otherwise it is being ignored. This makes some sense in that if there are no active network adapters, then presumably there will not be any network activity, and thus no need to resolve host names via the HOSTS file. This assumption is specious however because it precludes locally hosted virtual servers. The HOSTS file should be used regardless of external DNS server connectivity, otherwise you cannot use simple/consistent/testing-production names for locally hosted servers when not connected to the Internet (for example web servers; help servers for Visual Studio, 3dsmax, etc.; and so on). Question Does anyone know how to force Windows to use the HOSTS file even if there are no active NICs? Appendix Figure 1: While the wireless NIC is connected to the router (the cable-modem is in standby, so no external Internet connectivity). Figure 2: With the wireless radio turned off (the Ethernet port is not unconnected in both cases). Figure 3: Same results in XP with no IPv6

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• prevent filesystem from entering read-only mode

  - by user788171

  I have found that my server's filesystem is continuously entering read-only mode. There have been some issues with the raid1 array, but I have removed the bad disk from the array. However, it is still physically plugged into the system because I haven't had a chance to go over to the datacentre, I suspect udev and the system kernel is still picking up the bad disk and throwing errors. In /var/log/messages, there are errors like this: Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4010000 action 0xe frozen Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: irq_stat 0x00400040, connection status changed Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: SError: { PHYRdyChg DevExch } Mar 2 06:53:14 nocloud kernel: ata1: hard resetting link Mar 2 06:53:20 nocloud kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Mar 2 06:53:21 nocloud kernel: ata1: EH complete This happens fairly randomly throughout the day until eventually the filesystem becomes read-only. When this happens, my system becomes non-operational which kind of defeats the purpose of having a raid1. Note, ata1 is the bad disk (I think ata1 corresponds to /dev/sda because they are both first in line). Under mdadm, /dev/sda1,2 is no longer being used, but I can't prevent the system kernel from continuing to query that disk when I am no longer using it and throwing these errors. Is there a way to prevent my filesystem from automatically going into read-only mode? Furthermore, is it safe to do so? Thanks in advance. EDIT: Additional information: output from cat /proc/mdstat md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 976554876 blocks super 1.1 [2/1] [_U] bitmap: 5/8 pages [20KB], 65536KB chunk md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 204788 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [_U] Output from mount: /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/md0 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) EDIT2: pvdisplay output: --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/md1 VG Name VolGroup PV Size 931.32 GiB / not usable 2.87 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 16.00 MiB Total PE 59604 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 59604

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• Any reason not to disable the Windows pagefile given enough physical RAM?

  - by Evgeny

  The question of disabling the Windows pagefile has already been discussed quite a bit, for example here and here and here. People continue to upvote answers that say "you should not disable your pagefile even if you have plenty of RAM", but I have yet to see any concrete, verifiable reasons being given for this advice. As far as I can see, if you never need to read from the pagefile (because you have enough RAM) then performance could only be worse with it enabled due to Windows pre-emptively writing to it. At best, performance would be the same. I can't see how it could possibly be improved by writing data you never need to read. So my question is: Assuming that I have enough physical RAM for everything I do, is there any reason I should not disable the pagefile? Let's say the version of Windows is Windows XP x64 SP2 or Windows Server 2003 x64 SP2 (same thing). If it's different for Windows Server 2008 x64 I'd be interested to hear an answer for that as well. I'm looking for specific, objective reasons from good sources, not just opinions. Something like "here are the benchmarks done with and without a pagefile and the results were better with a pagefile, even with enough RAM" or "according to this MS KB article problem X occurs if you disable the pagefile". So far the only reasons I've seen mentioned are: Even if you think you have enough RAM you might run out. OK, but for the purposes of this question, let's just take it as a given that I have enough. Maybe I only ever read my email and I have 16GB RAM. Or 128GB. Or 1TB. Or whatever - but it's enough for 100% of what I do, 100% of the time. Another way to think of it is: if I have x MB physical RAM and y MB pagefile and I never run out of RAM in that configuration, would I not be better off, performance-wise, with x+y MB physical RAM and no pagefile? Windows is "used to" having a paging file and it might not function as reliably (from Understanding the Impact of RAM on Overall System Performance That's rather vague and I find it hard to believe, given that MS has provided the option to disable the pagefile. Windows knows what it's doing better than you. No - it doesn't know that I won't run more programs or load more data, but I do.

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• Internet connection sharing between Windows XP and Windows 7

  - by Dave

  I bought my lil sister's netbooks for Christmas and I've been having a heck of a time trying to get Internet Connection Sharing to work. The host computer is a Windows XP box and it uses a US Cellular 3G modem dongle thingy to set it's Internet access. Additionally I have a hard wire plugged into the LAN1 port of the router described below. (I tried the WAN port out of desperation but things didn't seem happy that way.) Additionally they have a linksys router (can't remember specific model number, I will find this out) that I was using to take advantage of it's wireless capabilities. Originally thought about updating the router to use dd-wrt, but after reading the instructions it looked like to much of a pita (had to downgrade firmware, then install dd-wrt) to set up, eventually I caved, out of desperation, and ended up successfully installing dd-wrt on the router. I have DHCP turned off on the router, actually all I could select was DHCP forwarder. The netbooks both have windows 7 starter installed on them. Initially, I had the networks joined to a homegroup but I dropped that and everyone is able to see everyone in their respective network explorers. When I turn on Internet Connection Sharing on the host, its IP on the LAN changed to 192.168.0.1, so I arbitrarily decided to assign the router to port 192.168.0.100. When I connect the netbooks they get IPs dynamically. As I stated before, everyone can see everyone in the network explorer, and shares can be accessed. The weird thing is that everyone can ping the router but they cannot ping each others IPs. The status on the netbooks says that there is no Internet Connectivity. Another thing I tried was manually setting the DNS servers on the netbooks to the DNS servers that the host computer has. The funny thing is when I ping an outside domain such as google.com the IP address resolves, however I get no responses from the pings. When I tried plugging the host into the WAN port I could ping the router, nor could I access the router's web access admin. Another thing I tried was turning off the firewall on the netbooks and the firewall off on the host computer for the LAN connection, and they still could not ping each other. Also I thought I should be able to start a remote desktop connection but I couldn't do that either, I also checked to make sure that computers would in fact accept a request for remote desktop connections.

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