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• SSH attack CentOS Amazon EC2

  - by user37143

  Hi, I run a few Rightscale CentOS AMI based instances on Amazon EC2. Two months back I found that our SSHD security is compromised( I had added host.allow and host.deny for ssh). So I created new instances and done an IP based ssh that allows only our IPs through AWS Firewall(ec2-authorize) and chnaged the ssh 22 default port to some other port but two days back I found I was not able to login to the server and when I tried on 22 port the ssh got connected and I found that sshd_conf was changed and when I tried to edit sshd_config I found root had no write permission on the file. So I tried a chmod and it said access denied for 'root' user. This is very strange. I checked secure log and history and found nothing informative. I have PHP, Ruby On Rails, Java, Wordpress apps running on these server. This time I did a chkrootkit scan and found nothing. I renamed the /etc/ssh folder and reinstalled openssh through yum. I had faced this on 3 instances on CentOS(5.2, 5.4) I have instances on Debian as well those working fine. Is this a CentOS/Rightscale issue. Guys, what security measures I should take to prevent this. Please support me this is very critical. Thanks

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• Attaching 3.5" desktop drive to MacBook SATA

  - by Kyle Cronin

  I have a mid-2007 MacBook that, according to the Apple Store, has suffered some liquid damage and requires a new logic board to operate correctly, a ~$750 repair I've been told (would normally be around ~$300 were it not for the "liquid damage"). The unit itself works fine - the only problem I've been having is that the system does not recognize the battery and will not charge it. Curiously, the system can still be powered by the battery and even recognizes when the power cord is detached by diming the backlight, but I digress. Now that this laptop will likely become a desktop, I'm wondering if it might be possible to attach a desktop drive. I recently purchased a 2TB SATA drive and I'm wondering if it's possible to somehow attach it where the current internal drive connects. Obviously the drive itself will not fit inside the device, but as the unit will spend the rest of its days on my desk, that's not really much of an issue. My main questions are: Is this possible? If so, how would I connect the drive? Would a SATA extender cable work? Is the SATA port on my MacBook capable of powering a desktop drive? Or should I just get a SATA male-to-female cable and see if I can power the drive through other means (a cheap power supply, for example) The disk I'm referring to is the Hitachi Deskstar HD32000. Though I couldn't find that exact model on Hitachi's support site, these are the power requirements for a similar drive, the 7K2000 (2TB, 7200RPM, SATA II): Power Requirement +5 VDC (+/-5%) +12 VDC (+/-10%) Startup current (A, max.) 1.2 (+5V), 2.0 (+12V) Idle (W) 7.5 From what I've read, 2.5" drives require 5V, meaning that my MacBook obviously is capable of producing it. The specs seem to suggest that this drive seems capable of accepting it instead of the typical 12V - is this an accurate interpretation of the power requirements? Or does it need both 12V and 5V?

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• How do I change the Dropbox directory on a headless GNU/Linux server?

  - by DrTwox

  I have installed Dropbox 2.0.0 via command line on my home server (Ubuntu Server 12.04) to use for off-site automated backups, but I can't change the directory that the Dropbox daemon keeps synced. I've tried the following: The official docs say to use the desktop application, which is not applicable in my situation. However I installed the desktop app on my desktop machine and changed the default folder location, but I can't find where this change is stored in the ~/.dropbox/ directory so I can make the same change on the server. This page (and several others) recommends a Python script to do the job. Looking at the script, it opens a SQLite database called ~/.dropbox/dropbox.db, which does not exist on my Dropbox install, leading me to believe the script is out-of-date. This forum thread suggests manually inserting the required row in the config.db database, which I did, but it made no difference. I checked the same database file on my desktop machine, and it does not have the dropbox_path key, so I'm presuming the information in that thread is also out of date for version 2.0. I have tried to launch the Dropbox GUI configuration wizard over SSH with X11 forwarding, as suggested in one of the answers, but the binary must detect the absence of a local X11 install and it starts a command line daemon instead, which provides no means to change the option I need. I am currently using a symlink, as suggested as an answer, but this is a kludge. I would like to know the correct way to make the change. How do I change the Dropbox directory on a headless GNU/Linux server? Update: I've ditched Dropbox and started using Copy. Their Linux tools and support is far superior to Dropbox. I leave this question here in case someone, someday, can answer it.

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• Need help finding a program to split PDFs based on text in specific areas

  - by Sean

  I reeeeally need help with this. I work for a University in the admissions office and we get large PDFs of every document that an applicant uploads to us. What I need to do is split these PDFs into separate documents. Each of the separate documents has a head at the top of what type of document it is (Statement of Purpose, Transcript, etc). I found a program a few weeks ago that at first seemed to work great (A-PDF Splitter). It would look for every type of document in a combined PDF (eg. Statement of Purpose), and if it saw that heading it would create a new PDF named "ORIGINALFILENAME-Statement of Purpose". I soon discovered though that the program breaks for no reason on certain PDFs, and I have to take the time to take that PDF out of the queue and start the splitting over again (and we get 250 a day). I contacted their support and they basically told me I was SOL. So please, if you can find me a program to split PDFs into smaller PDFs based on if it finds particular text in a region, then I would be forever in dept to you. If I don't find one soon then I'm going to be spending the entire day splitting PDFs by hand and my boss isn't going to be happy.

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• postfix not sending domain mail to mx

  - by orlandoresorts

  I'm trying to get postfix to forward email to my domain which is hosted by gmail. As I don't have any users on my server nor do I want to. Here's how I have things set up.. LEt's say you and I have a domain called mcdonalds.com the registrar has mcdonalds.com MX records pointing to gmail. (everything works for like a year) Now we set up a server to host a website. Then we create a mail account called [email protected] and send mail locally from the server using roundcube. This works. We can send mail to cnn.com we can send mail to serverfault.com we can email any/everyone. BUT we cannot send mail to our own domain mcdonalds.com So I cannot email [email protected] I cannot email [email protected] I cannot email [email protected] It gives the error: SMTP Error (450): Failed to add recipient "[email protected]" (4.1.1 : Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table). I'm guessing because it is looking at the local server to find the mailbox and it doesn't exist. So how to I tell the server for any mail going to mcdonalds.com for [email protected] to send to my external mail server and NOT to lookup on the local www box we set up with zpanel. Any ideas?

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• KVM Guest Reboot Loop

  - by javano

  I have been pulled into a situation where a KVM server (CentOS 6.2) lost power and upon reboot one of the guests hasn't started up again (XP SP3). I have SSH'ed in and someone must have changed something relating to the hyper visors prior to the power loss, but not rebooted all the guests. This particular guest wouldn't start because it was configured to use /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 which isn't there now (assuming it was before?). I changed it to use /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm as this is what all the other guests on this server seem to be using, and its booting up. Using virt-manager on my local machine I can connect to the display of the XP machine and it gets as far as this screen; http://support.gateway.com/emachines/issues/2-1131285152-01.gif The problem I face now, is that which ever option I choose the machine just reboots. So it's and endless loop. I thought that perhaps a file system error maybe present due to the unclean shutdown. There is an XP SP3 ISO mounted under the guest, which I booted from in an attempt to access the recovery tools, but I don't have the Administrator password! I am out of ideas, and it's turning out to be quite the conundrum. Should I use a 3rd party live CD to test the FS for errors? How else can I trouble shoot these restarts?

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• How can I preview the contents of books sold on Amazon in Internet Explorer 10?

  - by Aceman

  I run 64-bit Windows 7 and have both Internet Explorer 10 and a newly-downloaded copy of Google Chrome. I downloaded the latter when I found that I could not look (preview) the contents of books sold on Amazon (using it "Look Inside" feature) and wanted to try to get a handle on how extensive the problem was (i.e., whether it occurred on other browsers, too). It turns out that this isn't a problem with Chrome. However, I have grown accustomed over the years to IE and would prefer to resolve this problem instead. Here's an example of my attempt to 'Search Inside' a book on sale at Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Intellectuals-Race-Thomas-Sowell/dp/0465058728/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1382301764&sr=1-1&keywords=thomas+sowell#reader_0465058728 I understand that I can't (as is the case in some technical support websites) add a screen shot (ie. JPG to this), but if I were to describe what this looks like in IE, the area where the text would appear appears as a blank white page with horizontal lines where the text would ordinarily be. I have just examined this posting of mine via Chrome and the contents of the selected page are clearly visible.

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• Delay init from starting a service for a period of time?

  - by Matthew

  I am trying to get a rudimentary NFS server up and running. Right now the server is configured as an NFS server due to a workaround for a vendor issue not supporting direct attached clustered storage, which we are trying to get them to resolve. The vendor software is Splunk. The splunk feature we are using requires files be located on shared storage (which for us is /mnt/nfs until they support a real clustered filesystem). Currently the server has a GFS2 filesystem mounted at bootup (it is the only server with the filesystem actively mounted so there should be no problems with locking). We went with GFS2 so switching over to a clustered filesystem is easy should the vendor begin supporting it. NFS is configured to mount that filesystem at /mnt/nfs, which the splunk installation than sees. Splunk is configured to find it's configuration files in /mnt/nfs. However, I am running into a problem where the splunk daemon starts before nfs is finished loading, and because it sees nothing at /mnt/nfs it starts creating files there, and then when the files disappear (nfs finishes mounting the share), splunk craps out. Splunk is set to run at runlevel 3, S90. NFS is set at runlevels 2-5, S60. Is there any way to delay the startup of the splunk process further?

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• Should I use "Raid 5 + spare" or "Raid 6"?

  - by Trevor Boyd Smith

  What is "Raid 5 + Spare" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID5+Spare: RAID 5+Spare is a RAID 5 array in which one disk is used as spare to rebuild the system as soon as a disk fails (Fig. 79). At least four disks are required. If one physical disk fails, the data remains available because it is read from the parity blocks. Data from a failed disk is rebuilt onto the hot spare disk. When a failed disk is replaced, the replacement becomes the new hot spare. No data is lost in the case of a single disk failure, but if a second disk fails before the system can rebuild data to the hot spare, all data in the array will be lost. What is "Raid 6" (excerpt from User Manual, Sect 4.17.2, P.54): RAID6: In RAID 6, data is striped across all disks (minimum of four) and a two parity blocks for each data block (p and q in Fig. 80) is written on the same stripe. If one physical disk fails, the data from the failed disk can be rebuilt onto a replacement disk. This Raid mode can support up to two disk failures with no data loss. RAID 6 provides for faster rebuilding of data from a failed disk. Both "Raid 5 + spare" and "Raid 6" are SO similar ... I can't tell the difference. When would "Raid 5 + Spare" be optimal? And when would "Raid 6" be optimal"? The manual dumbs down the different raid with 5 star ratings. "Raid 5 + Spare" only gets 4 stars but "Raid 6" gets 5 stars. If I were to blindly trust the manual I would conclude that "Raid 6" is always better. Is "Raid 6" always better?

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• VMware NAS/iSCSI recommendations - smallish organization

  - by Bubnoff

  I have two VMware servers - ESX + ESXi. Two backup NAS boxes. The current NAS boxes are low-cost and unsuitable for running VMs from. Support NFS only. Slow. My plan is to have a dedicated iSCSI/NAS for storing and running VMs. Two additional low-cost boxes for backup. I'm looking for advice regarding 2 things really: Recommendations as far as VMware architecture/design for a smaller organization. Less than 20 Virtual Machines. 2 servers + 2 x 1.5 terabyte backup NAS boxes. A good NAS/iSCSI box with your recommendation on RAID config ...I would go with 6 or better. I'm trying to design an installation that is both fast and reliable/redundant. If you have any experiences to share or your current configuration including network design ( switches, fiber ...etc ), I will be enormously thankful. I'm not married to this idea, so if you have a design not using iSCSI NAS boxes ...let er rip. Cost? Can we stay around $5,000 ( on top of already stated components )? Links to info are welcome also. Thanks for reading! Bubnoff

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• Getting rid of your server in a small business environment

  - by andygeers

  In a small business environment, is it still necessary to have a central server? Speaking for my own company (a small charity with about 12 employees) we use our server (Windows Server 2003) for the following: Email via Microsoft Exchange Central storage Acting as a print server User authentication / Active Directory There are significant costs associated with running a server like this: Electricity, first for the server itself then for the air conditioning required (this thing pumps out a lot of heat) Noise (of which there is a lot) IT support bills (both Windows Server and Exchange are pretty complicated, and there are many ways they can go wrong) I've found ways to replace many of these functions with cheaper (better?) alternatives: Google Apps / GMail is a clear win for us: we have so many spam related problems it's not even funny, and Outlook is dog slow on our aging computers You can buy networked storage devices with built in print servers, such as the Netgear ReadyNAS™ RND4210 that would allow us to store/share all of our documents, and allow us to access printers over the network The only thing that I can't figure out how to do away with is the authentication side of things - it seems to me that if we got rid of our server, you'd essentially have a bunch of independent PCs that had no shared pool of user accounts / no central administrator. Is that right? Does that matter? Am I missing any other good reasons to keep a central server? Does anybody know of any good, cost-effective ways of achieving the same end but without the expensive central server?

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• Creating multiple SFTP users for one account

  - by Tom Marthenal

  I'm in the process of migrating an aging shared-hosting system to more modern technologies. Right now, plain old insecure FTP is the only way for customers to access their files. I plan on replacing this with SFTP, but I need a way to create multiple SFTP users that correspond to one UNIX account. A customer has one account on the machine (e.g. customer) with a home directory like /home/customer/. Our clients are used to being able to create an arbitrary number of FTP accounts for their domains (to give out to different people). We need the same capability with SFTP. My first thought is to use SSH keys and just add each new "user" to authorized_keys, but this is confusing for our customers, many of whom are not technically-inclined and would prefer to stick with passwords. SSH is not an issue, only SFTP is available. How can we create multiple SFTP accounts (customer, customer_developer1, customer_developer2, etc.) that all function as equivalents and don't interfere with file permissions (ideally, all files should retain customer as their owner)? My initial thought was some kind of PAM module, but I don't have a clear idea of how to accomplish this within our constraints. We are open to using an alternative SSH daemon if OpenSSH isn't suitable for our situation; again, it needs to support only SFTP and not SSH. Currently our SSH configuration has this appended to it in order to jail the users in their own directories: # all customers have group 'customer' Match group customer ChrootDirectory /home/%u # jail in home directories AllowTcpForwarding no X11Forwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp # force SFTP PasswordAuthentication yes # for non-customer accounts we use keys instead Our servers are running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

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• Disk wipe preferences

  - by hmvm123

  I manage a pool of systems that are loaded with software and sent to potential customers for evaluations which often land sensitive information on the drives. Before shipping them back, they typically like a standard wipe to be run to clean out the drives. Most are familiar with DBAN so I try to make sure it can work on my systems. Unfortunately, this means I'm usually in RAID driver hell trying to make sure that the versions out there support the ones my systems are shipping with. These are various kinds of 3ware and LSI ones. Consequently, I have DBAN 1.0.7 working on some, a beta version of 2.0 on the others and 2.2.6 on some of the latest SSD based ones. Now with the LSI controllers on my IBM x3550 M3s (1064/1068) I'm getting no love at all. Is there a way out? Do you buildroot with DBAN and try to piece the drivers together? Any other tools, free or commerical, that stay updated. I'm trying to walk people of varying technical proficiencies through this, so a boot disk with simple choices is preferable.

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• Periodic internet connection drops

  - by sterlingholt

  My setup is a dsl modem, and a dlink di 524M router. I'm also using a Witopia VPN which runs through OpenVPN. I've been having trouble with the internet connection dropping very frequently. It comes back shortly, without even a router/modem/computer restart. This happens as frequently as every ten minutes. Occasionally (not often) it will last as long as an hour or two without dropping. When it drops, I can get it back almost immediately by clicking Reconnect in the OpenVPN GUI and letting that do it's thing. It's worth noting that I'm in China. Calling support is a bit difficult because of that. Also I don't really understand all of the router's software, although I've got it generally figured out. I've tried a bunch of stuff, attempts to diagnose and/or fix the problem. No success with any of the following: I've power cycled both the modem and the router. I've tried an ethernet connection to the router. I've connected without the VPN. I've disabled IEEE authentication on all connections. I've checked for viruses. I've tried lifting it off the ground so as to prevent overheating.

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• How to play 24 fps video smoothly on a 60Hz display?

  - by netvope

  I use mpc-hc to play videos on Win7 x64. With the default settings (#1), video playback is great most of the time. But for panning shots, playback is not smooth. I stepped through the video frame by frame and found that the panning movement is smooth (e.g. each frame shifts horizontally by 10 pixels), so the problem is how the 23.976 fps video is interpolated to 60Hz. The judder looks like what would be caused by a "2:3 pulldown", where the frames are played unevenly like: frame 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, etc (#2) Using "optimal renderer settings" (#3) instead of the default disables the Aero theme and causes tearing. Setting my LCD display to 50Hz may have improved the judder slightly (but I can't really tell). My display does not support 24Hz or 48Hz, and forcing them in the Nvidia control panel gives blurry screen. I've tried other video players (VLC and KMPlayer), the ReClock Directshow Filter, video files from different sources (#4), turning on/off DXVA, and a computer with a different GPU, but the judder in the playback is similar. None of them solved the problem. So, how can I play 23.976 or 24 fps video smoothly on a 60Hz display? I think a video player could make the video smoother by doing linear interpolation, such as: 1. 100% frame 1 2. 60% frame 1 + 40% frame 2 3. 20% frame 1 + 80% frame 2 4. 80% frame 2 + 20% frame 3 5. 40% frame 2 + 60% frame 3 6. 100% frame 3 7. 60% frame 3 + 40% frame 4 .. etc Can any existing video player do this? Footnotes: (#1) Video renderer: EVR Custom Pres. (#2) This example converts a 24 fps video into 30 fps (#3) View Renderer settings Reset Reset to optimal renderer settings (#4) The files I have are all H.264 mkv files, but I don't think the file format/encoding matters.

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• ATI firepro will not detect a second DVI-D monitor

  - by John

  OK so weird issue here. I have previously been running 6 screens off of 3 of the older ATI firepro graphics cards but they had a problem with the heat sink getting too hot and warping the PCB resulting in total failure of the card, to replace my three dead cards I purchased a new-type ATI firepro with the newer heat sink design. I'm only using one at the moment to make sure they've fixed the problem before I waste more money on 2 more cards but this is where things start to get weird. The Firepro's only have one port on them, they connect to two monitors via a splitter cable going from the one port to two DVI connectors for the screens. When I plug two identical monitors in via their DVI inputs not matter what I do windows and Catalyst will only detect one screen. However if I use the VGA input on one of the screens with a VGA - DVI adaptor to plug it in to the card it works fine. This confuses me greatly. I'm currently using the ATI Firepro 2270 Graphics card with identical DELL U2311H screens. I can post the rest of the system spec as well if needed but I wouldn't have thought it would make much difference as it had no problem handling 6 screens before the graphics cards failed. Naturally both catalyst and ATI drivers are the most current version. ATI tech support has been absolutely zero help, they seemed to get stumped as soon as I verified that both screens were plugged in and connected properly. Anyone have any ideas?

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• How can I "filter" postfix-generated bounce messages?

  - by Flimzy

  We are using postfix 2.7 and custom SMTPD (based on qpsmtpd) in highly customized configuration for spam filtering. We have a new requirement to filter postfix-generated bounces through our custom qpsmtpd process (not so much for content filtering, but to process these bounces accordingly). Our current configuration looks (in part) like this: main.cf (only customizations shown): 2526 inet n - - - 0 cleanup pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 Our smtpd injects messages to postfix on port 2526, by speaking directly to the cleanup daemon. And the custom pickup command instructs postfix to hand off all locally-generated mail (from cron, nagios, or other custom scripts) to our custom smtpd. The problem is that this configuration does not affect postfix generated bounce messages, since they do not go through the pickup daemon. I have tried adding the same content_filter option to the bounce daemon commands, but it does not seem to have any effect: bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 defer unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 trace unix - - - - 0 bounce -o content_filter=smtp:127.0.0.2 For reference, here is my main.cf file, as well: biff = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_loglevel = 0 smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${queue_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_tls_security_level = may mydestination = $myhostname alias_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/dc-aliases.cf transport_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/dc-transport.cf # This is enforced on incoming mail by QPSMTPD, so this is simply # the upper possible bound (also enforced in defaults.pl) message_size_limit = 262144000 mailbox_size_limit = 0 # We do our own message expiration, but if we set this to 0, then postfix # will try each mail delivery only once, so instead we set it to 100 days # (which is the max postfix seems to support) maximal_queue_lifetime = 100d hash_queue_depth = 1 hash_queue_names = deferred, defer, hold I also tried adding the internal_mail_filter_classes option to main.cf, but also tono affect: internal_mail_filter_classes = bounce,notify I am open to any suggestions, including handling our current content-filtering-loop in a different way. If it's not clear what I'm asking, please let me know, and I can try to clarify.

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• Why would I need a firewall if my server is well configured?

  - by Aitch

  I admin a handful of cloud-based (VPS) servers for the company I work for. The servers are minimal ubuntu installs that run bits of LAMP stacks / inbound data collection (rsync). The data is large but not personal, financial or anything like that (ie not that interesting) Clearly on here people are forever asking about configuring firewalls and such like. I use a bunch of approaches to secure the servers, for example (but not restricted to) ssh on non standard ports; no password typing, only known ssh keys from known ips for login etc https, and restricted shells (rssh) generally only from known keys/ips servers are minimal, up to date and patched regularly use things like rkhunter, cfengine, lynis denyhosts etc for monitoring I have extensive experience of unix sys admin. I'm confident I know what I'm doing in my setups. I configure /etc files. I have never felt a compelling need to install stuff like firewalls: iptables etc. Put aside for a moment the issues of physical security of the VPS. Q? I can't decide whether I am being naive or the incremental protection a fw might offer is worth the effort of learning / installing and the additional complexity (packages, config files, possible support etc) on the servers. To date (touch wood) I've never had any problems with security but I am not complacent about it either.

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• Move OS from RAID5 array to RAID 1 arrays

  - by Antoine

  I want to give a last boost to my old ProLiant ML350 G5 server which just needs to be reliable for a few more year only ! With a defined budget of about 1500$ (I do not have more), i plan to replace the CPU (+ adding a second one), the battery cache of my raid controller (E200i), double the RAM, and change all hard drives. I have 7 HDD (SAS 10krpm, 72Gb) + 1 spare in RAID5, and my system is all FULL (no empty tray, full disks). in my current RAID5 array, I have 2 partitions: - 1 OS partition, 20Gb - 1 data partition, 350 Gb I plan to replace these 8 disks with : - 2 x 300Gb SAS 15krpm in RAID 1 (= 1 partition for OS) - 2 x 2Tb SATA 7.2krpm in RAID 1 (= 1 partition for DATA) My biggest constraint is that I have only 01 day to upgrade my server. Therefore, I'm looking for cloning all my files (OS + data partition) to my new arrays, i.e : - the OS partition shall be cloned to the RAID1 "2x300Gb array" - the data partition shall be cloned to the RAID1 "2x2Tb array" My second problem is that I need to physically remove all the old hard drives before inserting the new ones. I'm running Windows Server 2003 R2, and even if MS support will expire soon, I cannot buy a new licence and spent time in configuration. Obviously, with 1500$, I cannot also buy a new server that I could start configuring from now ! Thought about ASR (NTBackup), but I have no floppy drive (and do not really want to invest in one !) Thought about a clonezilla clone, and read this interesting link : Windows Server 2003 - move C: partition to a new SAS disk , but i'm not so confident in using Clonezilla with RAID5. What should be the best option to quickly and easily (if possible!) "copy/paste" my OS (so no need to reinstall and reconfigure all) and DATA / programs / services, etc... ? Thanks for your comments

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• Bad performance with Linux software RAID5 and LUKS encryption

  - by Philipp Wendler

  I have set up a Linux software RAID5 on three hard drives and want to encrypt it with cryptsetup/LUKS. My tests showed that the encryption leads to a massive performance decrease that I cannot explain. The RAID5 is able to write 187 MB/s [1] without encryption. With encryption on top of it, write speed is down to about 40 MB/s. The RAID has a chunk size of 512K and a write intent bitmap. I used -c aes-xts-plain -s 512 --align-payload=2048 as the parameters for cryptsetup luksFormat, so the payload should be aligned to 2048 blocks of 512 bytes (i.e., 1MB). cryptsetup luksDump shows a payload offset of 4096. So I think the alignment is correct and fits to the RAID chunk size. The CPU is not the bottleneck, as it has hardware support for AES (aesni_intel). If I write on another drive (an SSD with LVM) that is also encrypted, I do have a write speed of 150 MB/s. top shows that the CPU usage is indeed very low, only the RAID5 xor takes 14%. I also tried putting a filesystem (ext4) directly on the unencrypted RAID so see if the layering is problem. The filesystem decreases the performance a little bit as expected, but by far not that much (write speed varying, but 100 MB/s). Summary: Disks + RAID5: good Disks + RAID5 + ext4: good Disks + RAID5 + encryption: bad SSD + encryption + LVM + ext4: good The read performance is not affected by the encryption, it is 207 MB/s without and 205 MB/s with encryption (also showing that CPU power is not the problem). What can I do to improve the write performance of the encrypted RAID? [1] All speed measurements were done with several runs of dd if=/dev/zero of=DEV bs=100M count=100 (i.e., writing 10G in blocks of 100M). Edit: If this helps: I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit with Linux 2.6.38. Edit2: The performance stays approximately the same if I pass a block size of 4KB, 1MB or 10MB to dd.

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• Office365 Exchange: Cannot open shared two calendars in Outlook

  - by Mark Williams

  The problem: Outlook won't open the calendars on another user's mailbox and and a room mailbox, even when users have permission. Note: This problem is affecting more than one account on more than one machine. So I have a room mailbox and a personal mailbox on Exchange, both with shared calendars. There is a security group called "Scheduling Users" that have editor rights on both of these calenders. The room mailbox was created using PowerShell, per the instructions posted online (http://help.outlook.com/140/ee441202.aspx). Sharing worked on both of these folders initially. Users can still access these folders using OWA. So on to the problem. When users try to open these calendars in Outlook they receive one of the following messages. The set of folders cannot be opened. Microsoft Exchange is not available. Either there are network problems or the Exchange server is down for maintenance. Cannot open this item. Cannot open the free/busy information. The attempt to log on to Microsoft Exchange has failed. What I have tried so far: Resetting the permissions on both of the mailboxes. I deleted the security group permissions on both mailboxes, applied the change, then waited a bit and gave the permissions back. Deleted the OST file of the shared calendar from the Outlook data directory That is all I have been able to find online. Any thoughts? I have been going back and forth with the Office365 support folks for a while and they seem stumped too.

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• Moving hidden files/folders with the command-line or batch-file

  - by Synetech

  Question Does anyone know of a way to move files and folders that have the hidden, system, or read-only attribute set from the command-line or a batch file? (No, stripping the attributes first is not an option since there is no practical way to know which attributes were set in order to re-set them after the move.) (Failed) Attempts Using the basic move command does not work with items with the hidden or system attribute set and for some reason, it does not have switches to specify attributes like the dir and del commands do. I tried using a utility I wrote that uses the shell’s file operation function, but that requires using start /w to prevent the batch file from running on ahead, and it complains about long-filename support for some reason. I tried using robocopy, but it first copies the files and then deletes the originals instead of simply moving the source (which results in a frustrating delay, even with the excessive output redirected to nul). (Surprisingly it seems that few people have ever needed to move hidden files from the command-line. All I could find was this one person who abandoned the attempt.)

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• Kindly guide me to buy a new laptop [on hold]

  - by Its me 007

  I am from India. I want to buy a new laptop. Shortlisted few but confused between which processor,Chip set and Graphics will be the best suited for my requirements. NOTE: NOT ABLE TO POST THE LINKS YOU WILL HAVE TO COPY PASTE IT. SORRY. 1) HP Pavilion 15-N004TX - 4th Gen CI5 - 4200U/4GB RAM/500 GB HDD/ 1GB Radeon Graphic - Rs 39990 www.homeshop18.com/hp-pavilion-15-n004tx-laptop-4th-gen-intel-core-i5-4200u-4gb-500gb-15-6-linux-silver-black/computers-tablets/laptops/product:30989197/cid:16317/ 2) Lenovo Essential G510 (59-398452) - 4th Gen Ci5 4200M/ 4GB/ 500 GB/Win8/2GB Graph ATI Sunpro 8570 - Rs 44969 www.flipkart.com/lenovo-essential-g510-59-398452-laptop-4th-gen-ci5-4gb-500gb-win8-2gb-graph/p/itmdp26eprwf5k5v?gclid=CMnh99GA2LoCFaRU4godNiUAGQ&semcmpid=sem_7847244212_laptopsnew_goog&tgi=sem%2C1%2CG%2C7847244212%2Cg%2Csearch%2C%2C24387103114%2C1t1%2Cb%2C%2Blenovo+%2Bg510%2F59+%2B398452%2Cc%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C2 3) HP Pavilion G6-2303TX Laptop (3rd Gen Ci5 3230M/ 4GB/ 500GB/ DOS/ 1GB Graph) - Rs 40500 www.flipkart.com/hp-pavilion-g6-2303tx-laptop-3rd-gen-ci5-4gb-500gb-dos-1gb-graph/p/itmdm6yzh4gr4cxd?pid=COMDM6YHWMGDRDEZ&ref=1d2b85fc-a03d-4c7d-844b-ec9e8dc95a81 4) HP Pavilion 15-E039TX Laptop (3rd Gen Ci5 3230M/ 4GB/ 1TB/ Win8/ 2GB Graph) - Rs 46690 www.flipkart.com/hp-pavilion-15-e039tx-laptop-3rd-gen-ci5-4gb-1tb-win8-2gb-graph/p/itmdn4d9wykhdcpz?pid=COMDN4CZGFMGJNTN&ref=1d2b85fc-a03d-4c7d-844b-ec9e8dc95a81 Now I am confused between: Which Processor and chipset is best? How much graphic card is enough? (Not a gamer) Is any of this laptop future proof i.e. it should at least support upcoming latest programming softwares which eats more processor and memory. Laptop will be mainly used for multiprocessing.It should be at least capable for following: Visual Studio 2012 and the upcoming versions for at least 4 years SQL server 2008 R2 and above Sharepoint Blend Photoshop Kindly suggest. If anyone know any good laptop with good configuration in the 50k budget kindly suggest. Thanks in advance.

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• What are these CPU cache settings? Snoop Filter, ACL prefetch, HW prefetch

  - by eater

  I was in my BIOS setup turning on VT-x support today and saw these other settings. A little googling indicates that they each seem to turn on some sort of optimization to do with the CPU's L2 cache. They were all turned off by default. The processor in question is an Intel Xeon quad-core 3.4GHz (X5492). My OS is Linux 2.6.35.10-74.fc14.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Dec 23 16:04:50 UTC 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux. I have 4GB of RAM if that matters. Here's what the BIOS manufacturer has to say: Snoop Filter Enabling the snoop filter typically improves performance by reducing snoop traffic on the frontside bus in dual processor configurations. Well I like the sound of improved performance. Why would the BIOS have this off by default? Or by dual processor do they not mean multi-core? Regardless, is there a downside if this is on? ACL Prefetch When enabled, the Adjacent Cache Line Prefetcher fetches both cache lines that comprise a cache line pair when it determines required data is not currently in its cache. When disabled, the processor will only fetch the cache line required by the processor. HW Prefetch Fetches an extra line of data into L2 from external memory. Both of these sound like optimizations that have some drawbacks. What are the reasons to turn them on? What are the reasons to leave them off. Why is the default off?

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• Windows VirtualBox failed to attach USB device to Linux Guest

  - by joltmode

  I have Windows 7 64bit Host system, and I am using VirtualBox 4.1.18 (r78361). I have an Arch Linux Guest OS. I have installed VirtualBox Extension Pack (to enable USB2 support) and added my USB device filter to VM. I have also installed the Guest Additions provided by Arch: virtualbox-archlinux-additions (but I have no idea whether it's actually needed for my environment). I can see my USB device from VirtualBox Devices menu. Whenever I am trying to access it, I end up with: Failed to attach the USB device Kingston DT 100 G2 [0100] to the virtual machine Archlinux. USB device 'Kingston DT 100 G2' with UUID {a836ec33-0f41-4ca7-a31d-09cceaf5d173} is busy with a previous request. Please try again later. Details ? Result Code:    E_INVALIDARG (0x80070057) Component:      HostUSBDevice Interface:      IHostUSBDevice {173b4b44-d268-4334-a00d-b6521c9a740a} Callee:         IConsole {1968b7d3-e3bf-4ceb-99e0-cb7c913317bb} From what I have googled, most guides shows how to solve this the other way around - Linux Host to Windows Guest. How do I resolve this? Update I have tried to Eject (virtually, not physically) the device from my Windows Host system and then try to access the Device from Guest. Same error.

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