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  • IList<T> vs IEnumerable<T>. What is more efficient IList<T> or IEnumerable<T>

    - by bigb
    What is more efficient way to make methods return IList<T> or IEnumerable<T>? IEnumerable<T> it is immutable collection but IList<T> mutable and contain a lot of useful methods and properties. To cast IList<T> to IEnumerable<T> it is just reference copy: IList<T> l = new List<T>(); IEnumerable<T> e = l; To cast IEnumerable<T> to List<T> we need to iterate each element or to call ToList() method: IEnumerable<T>.ToList(); or may pass IEnumerable<T> to List<T> constructor which doing the same iteration somewhere within its constructor. List<T> l = new List<T>(e); Which cases you think is more efficient? Which you prefer more in your practice?

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  • Adding fields until screen is full

    - by Eric
    For the sake of this question, let us suppose that I want a row of buttons. I want to put as many buttons in that row as I can fit on the screen, but no more. In other words, as long as a prospective button will not be cut off or have its text shortened, add it. It seems that I should be able to do something like: HorizontalFieldManager hfm = new HorizontalFieldManager(); int remainingWidth = Display.getWidth(); int i =0; while(true) { ButtonField bf = new ButtonField("B " + i); remainingWidth -= bf.getWidth(); if(remainingWidth<0) break; hfm.add(bf); i++; } add(hfm); But this doesn't work. bf.getWidth() is always 0. I suspect that this is because the button has not yet been laid out when I query for the width. So, perhaps I could just make sure the buttons are always the same size. But this won't work for a few reasons: Different BB platforms have different looks for buttons and text that will fit on a button on a Curve won't fit on a button on a Storm. 3rd party themes may change the look of buttons, so I can't even count on buttons being a certain size on a certain platform. Is there no way for me to actually check the remaining space before adding a button? It feels like a fairly useful feature; am I just missing something?

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  • Centering Divisions Around Zero

    - by Mark
    I'm trying to create something that sort of resembles a histogram. I'm trying to create buckets from an array. Suppose I have a random array doubles between -10 and 10; this is very simplified. I then want to specify a center point, in this case 0 and the number of buckets. If I want 4 buckets the division would be -10 to -5, -5 to 0, 0 to 5 and 5 to 10. Not that complicated right. Now if I change the min and max to -12 and -9 and as for 4 divisions its more complicated. I either want a division at -3 and 3; it is centered around 0 ; or one at -6 to 0 and 0 to 6. Its not that hard to find the division size = Math.Ceiling((Abs(Max) + Abs(Min)) / Divisions) Then you would basically have an if statement to determine whether you want it centered on 0 or on an edge. You then iterate out from either 0 or DivisionSize/2 depending on the situation. You may not ALWAYS end up with the specified number of divisions but it will be close. Then you iterate through the array and increment the bin count. Does this seem like a good way to go about this? This method would surely work but it does not seem to be the most elegant. I'm curious as to whether the creation of the bins and the counting from the list could be done in a clever class with linq in a more elegant way? Something like creating the bins and then having each bin be a property {get;} that returns list.Count(x=> x >= Lower && x < Upper).

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  • How to create anroid to send to work in my place?

    - by aj-sin-dhal
    Hi I would like to create a life like android/robot to send to work in my place. Requirements 1) People should not be able to tell the difference between me and the android. My first attempt may not be perfect but I can tell people that its my twin that was dropped on its head while we were growing up. 2) Should have the same weight as me so it won't crush small children if it falls over. By small children I mean those above 7 years old. Those below 7 can easily be crushed by a normal human adult so it is not important to consider that special case. 3) Should run on linux. I have a tight budget and cannot afford to pay for any propreitary operating system. Will consider writing my own operating system if this is the best way to go. I am reading "The design of the unix operating system" by Maurice J. Bach currently. That should be useful. I also have an old copy of the dragon book. What other books should I read? I would like to finish this by monday if possible. I don't like working on mondays. I have made a start and have picked some clothes and shoes for my android worker. Any help will be appreciated. This is a serious question. AJ

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  • Performance when querying a View

    - by Nate Bross
    I'm wondering if this is a bad practice or if in general this is the correct approach. Lets say that I've created a view that combines a few attributes from a few tables. My question, what do I need to do so I can query against this view as if it were a table without worrying about performance? All attributes in the original tables are indexed, my concern is that the result view will have hundreds of thousands of records, which I will want to narrow down quite a bit based on user input. What I'd like to avoid, is having multiple versions of the code that generates this view floating around with a few extra "where" conditions to facilitate the user input filtering. For example, assume my view has this header VIEW(Name, Type, DateEntered) this may have 100,000+ rows (possibly millions). I'd like to be able to make this view in SQL Server, and then in my application write querlies like this: SELECT Name, Type, DateEntered FROM MyView WHERE DateEntered BETWEEN @date1 and @date2; Basically, I am denormalizing my data for a series of reports that need to be run, and I'd like to centralize where I pull the data from, maybe I'm not looking at this problem from the right angle though, so I'm open to alternative ways to attack this.

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  • Copy object using pointer (templates)

    - by Azodious
    How the push_back of stl::vector is implemented so it can make copy of any datatype .. may be pointer, double pointer and so on ... I'm implementing a template class having a function push_back almost similar to vector. Within this method a copy of argument should be inserted in internal memory allocated memory. but the argument is a pointer. (an object pointer). Can you pls tell how to create copy from pointer. so that if i delete the pointer in caller still the copy exists in my template class? Code base is as follows: template<typename T> class Vector { public: void push_back(const T& val_in) { T* a = *(new T(val_in)); m_pData[SIZE++] = a; } } Caller: Vector<MyClass*> v(3); MyClass* a = new MyClass(); a->a = 0; a->b = .5; v.push_back(a); delete a; Thanks.

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  • How to run a javascript function before postback of asp.net button?

    - by Curtis White
    I'm using Javascript to create a DIV element and open up a new page by using onclientclick. This works great. Now, I need to write to it from the server side and this element must be created before it is posted back. How do I get the javascript to execute before the postback? Currently, I have to press the button twice because the element doesn't exist to write too on the first click. To be clear, I need this to execute before the "OnClick" of the button. Update: It looks like the Javascript function is called before the postback but the element is not updated until I run the second postback. Hmm Update: Unfortunately it is a bit more complicated then this. I'm creating a div tag in javascript to open a new window. Inside the div tag, I'm using a databinding syntax <%=Preview% so that I can get access to this element on the server side. From the server side, I'm injecting the code. I'm thinking this may be a chicken-egg problem but not sure. UPDATE! It is not the Javascript not running first. It is the databinding mechanism which is reading the blank variable before I'm able to set it. Hmm

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  • How can I create an Assembly program WITHOUT using libraries?

    - by Newbie
    Hello. I've literally only just started looking to learn Assembly language. I'm using the NASM assembler on Windows Vista. Usually, when I begin to learn a new language, I'll copy someone else's Hello World code and try to understand it line-by-line. However, I'm finding it suprisingy difficult to find a Hello World program that doesn't reference other libraries! You see, there's no point trying to understand each line of the code if it is closely linked with a whole library of additional code! One of the reasons I want to learn Assembly is so that I can have near complete control over the programs I write. I don't want to be depending on any libraries. And so my question is this: Can anyone give me NASM-compatible Assembly code to a completely stand-alone Hello World program that can output to the Windows Vista console? Alternatively, I appreciate that a library may be required to tell the pogram WHERE to print the output (ie. the Windows console). Other than that, I can't see why any libraries should be required. Am I overlooking anything?

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  • Automatically use inclusion tags (?) in a template, depending on installed apps

    - by Ludwik Trammer
    The title may be a little confusing, but I don't know how else to call it. I would like to create a Django project with a large set of applications you could arbitrary turn on or off using INSTALLED_APPS option in settings.py (you would obviously also need to edit urls.py and run syncdb). After being turned on an app should be able to automatically: Register it's content in site-wide search. Luckily django-haystack has this built-in, so it's not a problem. Register cron jobs. django-cron does exactly that. Not a problem. Register a widget that should be displayed on the homepage. The homepage should include a list of boxes with widgets form different applications. I thought about inclusion tags, because you can put them anywhere on a page and they control both content and presentation. The problem is I don't know how to automatically get a list of inclusion tags provided by my applications, and display them one by one on a homepage. I need a way to register them somehow, and then display all registered tags.

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  • Stop lazy-loading images?

    - by Greg
    Here's the issue – I followed along with the Apple lazy-load image sample code to handle my graphical tables. It works great. However, my lazy-load image tables are being stacked within a navigation controller so that you can move in and out of menus. While all this works, I'm getting a persistent crash when I move into a table then move immediately back out of it using the "back" button. This appears to be a result of the network connections loading content not being closed properly, or calling back to their released delegates. Now, I've tried working through this and carefully setting all delegates to nil and calling close on all open network connections before releasing a menu. However, I'm still getting the error. Also – short posting my entire application code into this post, I can't really post a specific code snippet that illustrates this situation. I wonder if anyone has ideas for tasks that I may be missing? Do I need to do anything to close a network connection other than closing it and setting it to nil? Also, I'm new to debugging tools – can anyone suggest a good tool to use to watch network connections and see what's causing them to fail? Thanks!

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  • Wicket: Where to add components? Constructor? Or onBeforeRender?

    - by gmallett
    I'm a Wicket newb. This may just be my ignorance of the Wicket lifecycle so please enlighten me! My understanding is that Wicket WebPage objects are instantiated once and then serialized. This has led to a point of confusion for me, see below. Currently I have a template class which I intend to subclass. I followed the example in the Wicket docs demonstrating how to override the template's behavior in the subclass: protected void onBeforeRender() { add(new Label("title", getTitle())); super.onBeforeRender(); } protected String getTitle() { return "template"; } Subclass: protected String getTitle() { return "Home"; } This works very well. What's not clear to me are the "best practices" for this. It seems like onBeforeRender() is called on every request for the page, no? This seems like there would be substantially more processing done on a page if everything is in onBeforeRender(). I could easily follow the example of the other Wicket examples and add some components in the constructor that I do not want to override, but then I've divided by component logic into two places, something I'm hesitant to do. If I add a component that I intend to be in all subclasses, should I add it to the constructor or onBeforeRender()?

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  • MySQL Join/Comparison on a DATETIME column (<5.6.4 and > 5.6.4)

    - by Simon
    Suppose i have two tables like so: Events ID (PK int autoInc), Time (datetime), Caption (varchar) Position ID (PK int autoinc), Time (datetime), Easting (float), Northing (float) Is it safe to, for example, list all the events and their position if I am using the Time field as my joining criteria? I.e.: SELECT E.*,P.* FROM Events E JOIN Position P ON E.Time = P.Time OR, even just simply comparing a datetime value (taking into consideration that the parameterized value may contain the fractional seconds part - which MySQL has always accepted) e.g. SELECT E.* FROM Events E WHERE E.Time = @Time I understand MySQL (before version 5.6.4) only stores datetime fields WITHOUT milliseconds. So I would assume this query would function OK. However as of version 5.6.4, I have read MySQL can now store milliseconds with the datetime field. Assuming datetime values are inserted using functions such as NOW(), the milliseconds are truncated (<5.6.4) which I would assume allow the above query to work. However, with version 5.6.4 and later, this could potentially NOT work. I am, and only ever will be interested in second accuracy. If anyone could answer the following questions would be greatly appreciated: In General, how does MySQL compare datetime fields against one another (consider the above query). Is the above query fine, and does it make use of indexes on the time fields? (MySQL < 5.6.4) Is there any way to exclude milliseconds? I.e. when inserting and in conditional joins/selects etc? (MySQL 5.6.4) Will the join query above work? (MySQL 5.6.4) EDIT I know i can cast the datetimes, thanks for those that answered, but i'm trying to tackle the root of the problem here (the fact that the storage type/definition has been changed) and i DO NOT want to use functions in my queries. This negates all my work of optimizing queries applying indexes etc, not to mention having to rewrite all my queries. EDIT2 Can anyone out there suggest a reason NOT to join on a DATETIME field using second accuracy?

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  • How to map string keys to unique integer IDs?

    - by Marek
    I have some data that comes regularily as a dump from a data souce with a string natural key that is long (up to 60 characters) and not relevant to the end user. I am using this key in a url. This makes urls too long and user unfriendly. I would like to transform the string keys into integers with the following requirements: The source dataset will change over time. The ID should be: non negative integer unique and constant even if the set of input keys changes preferrably reversible back to key (not a strong requirement) The database is rebuilt from scratch every time so I can not remember the already assigned IDs and match the new data set to existing IDs and generate sequential IDs for the added keys. There are currently around 30000 distinct keys and the set is constantly growing. How to implement a function that will map string keys to integer IDs? What I have thought about: 1. Built-in string.GetHashCode: ID(key) = Math.Abs(key.GetHashCode()) is not guaranteed to be unique (not reversible) 1.1 "Re-hashing" the built-in GetHashCode until a unique ID is generated to prevent collisions. existing IDs may change if something colliding is added to the beginning of the input data set 2. a perfect hashing function I am not sure if this can generate constant IDs if the set of inputs changes (not reversible) 3. translate to base 36/64/?? does not shorten the long keys enough What are the other options?

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  • How can I parse_url in PHP when there is a URL in a string variable?

    - by Eric O
    I am admittedly a PHP newbie, so I need some help. I am creating a self-designed affiliate program for my site and have the option for an affiliate to add a SubID to their link for tracking. Without having control over what is entered, I have been testing different scenarios and found a bug when a full URL is entered (i.e. "http://example.com"). In my PHP I can grab the variable from the string no problem. My problem comes from when I get the referring URL and parse it (since I need to parse the referring URL to get the host mane for other uses). Code below: $refURL = getenv("HTTP_REFERER"); $parseRefURL = parse_url($refURL); WORKS when incoming link is (for example): http://example.com/?ref=REFERRER'S-ID&sid=www.test.com ERROR when incoming link is (notice the addition of "http://" after "sid="): http://example.com/?ref=REFERRER'S-ID&sid=http://www.test.com Here is the warning message: Warning: parse_url(/?ref=REFERRER'S-ID&sid=http://www.test.com) [function.parse-url]: Unable to parse url in /home4/'directory'/public_html/hosterdoodle/header.php on line 28 Any ideas on how to keep the parse-url function from being thrown off when someone may decide to place a URL in a variable? (I actually tested this problem down to the point that it will throw the error with as little as ":/" in the variable)

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  • Get parameter values from method at run time

    - by Landin Martens
    I have the current method example: public void MethodName(string param1,int param2) { object[] obj = new object[] { (object) param1, (object) param2 }; //Code to that uses this array to invoke dynamic methods } Is there a dynamic way (I am guessing using reflection) that will get the current executing method parameter values and place them in a object array? I have read that you can get parameter information using MethodBase and MethodInfo but those only have information about the parameter and not the value it self which is what I need. So for example if I pass "test" and 1 as method parameters without coding for the specific parameters can I get a object array with two indexes { "test", 1 }? I would really like to not have to use a third party API, but if it has source code for that API then I will accept that as an answer as long as its not a huge API and there is no simple way to do it without this API. I am sure there must be a way, maybe using the stack, who knows. You guys are the experts and that is why I come here. Thank you in advance, I can't wait to see how this is done. EDIT It may not be clear so here some extra information. This code example is just that, an example to show what I want. It would be to bloated and big to show the actual code where it is needed but the question is how to get the array without manually creating one. I need to some how get the values and place them in a array without coding the specific parameters.

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  • [jQuery] Sort contents alphabetically

    - by James
    So I am appending the following after an AJAX call, and this AJAX call may happen several time, returning several data items. And I am trying to use Tinysort [http://plugins.jquery.com/project/TinySort] to sort the list everytime, so the new items added are integrated nicely and sorted alphabetically. It unfortunately doesn't seem to be working. Any ideas? I mean, the data itself is being correctly appended, but unfortunately the sorting isn't occurring. var artists = []; $.each(data.artists, function(k, v) { artists.push('<section id="artist:' + v.name + '" class="artist"><div class="span-9"><img alt="' + v.name + '" width="34" height="34" class="photo" src="' + v.photo + '" /><strong>' + v.name + '</strong><br/><span>' + v.events + ' upcoming gig'); if (v.events != 1) { artists.push('s'); } artists.push('</span></div><div class="span-2 align-right last">Last</div><div class="clear"></div></section>'); }); $('div.artists p').remove(); $('div.artists div.next').remove(); $('div.artists').append(artists.join('')).append('<div class="next"><a href="#">Next</a></div>'); $('div.artists section').tsort('section[id]', {orderby: 'id'}); Thanks!

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  • Which way to store this data is effective?

    - by Tattat
    I am writing a game, which need a map, and I want to store the map. The first thing I can think of, is using a 2D-array. But the problem is what data should I store in the 2D-array. The player can tap different place to have different reaction. So, I am thinking store a 2D-array with objects, when player click some position, and I find it in the array, and use the object in that array to execute a cmd. But I have a concern that storing lots of object may use lots of memory. So, I am think storing char/int only. But it seems that not enough for me. I want to store the data like that: { Type:1 Color:Green } No matter what color is, if they are all type 1, the have same reactions in logic, but the visual effect is based on the color. So, it is not easy to store using a prue char/int data, unless I make something like this: 1-5 --> all type 1. 1=color green , 2=color red, 3 = color yellow.... ... 6-10 --> all type 2. 2 = color green, 2 = color red ... ... So, do you have any ideas on how to minimize the ram use, but also easy for me to read... ...thx

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  • Periodically iterating over a collection that's constantly changing

    - by rwmnau
    I have a collection of objects that's constantly changing, and I want to display some information about objects (my application is multi-threaded, and differently threads are constantly submitting requests to modify an object in the collection, so it's unpredictable), and I want to display some information about what's currently in the collection. If I lock the collection, I can iterate over it and get my information without any problems - however, this causes problems with the other threads, since they could have submitted multiple requests to modify the collection in the meantime, and will be stalled. I've thought of a couple ways around this, and I'm looking for any advice. Make a copy of the collection and iterate over it, allowing the original to continue updating in the background. The collection can get large, so this isn't ideal, but it's safe. Iterate over it using a For...Next loop, and catch an IndexOutOfBounds exception if an item is removed from the collection while we're iterating. This may occasionally cause duplicates to appear in my snapshot, so it's not ideal either. Any other ideas? I'm only concerned about a moment-in-time snapshot, so I'm not concerned about reflecting changes in my application - my main concern is that the collection be able to be updated with minimal latency, and that updates never be lost.

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  • How do software events work internally?

    - by Duddle
    Hello! I am a student of Computer Science and have learned many of the basic concepts of what is going on "under the hood" while a computer program is running. But recently I realized that I do not understand how software events work efficiently. In hardware, this is easy: instead of the processor "busy waiting" to see if something happened, the component sends an interrupt request. But how does this work in, for example, a mouse-over event? My guess is as follows: if the mouse sends a signal ("moved"), the operating system calculates its new position p, then checks what program is being drawn on the screen, tells that program position p, then the program itself checks what object is at p, checks if any event handlers are associated with said object and finally fires them. That sounds terribly inefficient to me, since a tiny mouse movement equates to a lot of cpu context switches (which I learned are relatively expensive). And then there are dozens of background applications that may want to do stuff of their own as well. Where is my intuition failing me? I realize that even "slow" 500MHz processors do 500 million operations per second, but still it seems too much work for such a simple event. Thanks in advance!

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  • Time fields in Rails coming back blank

    - by Isaac Cambron
    I have a simple Rails 3.b1 (Ruby 1.9.1) application running on Sqlite3. I have this table: create_table :time_tests do |t| t.time :time end And I see this behavior: irb(main):001:0> tt = TimeTest.new => #<TimeTest id: nil, time: nil> irb(main):002:0> tt.time = Time.zone.now => Mon, 03 May 2010 20:13:21 UTC +00:00 irb(main):003:0> tt.save => true irb(main):004:0> TimeTest.find(:first) => #<TimeTest id: 1, time: "2000-01-01 20:13:21"> So, the time is coming back blank. Checking the table, the data looks OK: sqlite> select * from time_tests; 1|2010-05-03 20:13:21.774741 I guess it's on the retrieval part? What's going on here?

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  • Why would one want to use the public constructors on Boolean and similar immutable classes?

    - by Robert J. Walker
    (For the purposes of this question, let us assume that one is intentionally not using auto(un)boxing, either because one is writing pre-Java 1.5 code, or because one feels that autounboxing makes it too easy to create NullPointerExceptions.) Take Boolean, for example. The documentation for the Boolean(boolean) constructor says: Note: It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. Unless a new instance is required, the static factory valueOf(boolean) is generally a better choice. It is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance. My question is, why would you ever want to get a new instance in the first place? It seems like things would be simpler if constructors like that were private. For example, if they were, you could write this with no danger (even if myBoolean were null): if (myBoolean == Boolean.TRUE) It'd be safe because all true Booleans would be references to Boolean.TRUE and all false Booleans would be references to Boolean.FALSE. But because the constructors are public, someone may have used them, which means that you have to write this instead: if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(myBoolean)) But where it really gets bad is when you want to check two Booleans for equality. Something like this: if (myBooleanA == myBooleanB) ...becomes this: if ( (myBooleanA == null && myBooleanB == null) || (myBooleanA == null && myBooleanA.equals(myBooleanB)) ) I can't think of any reason to have separate instances of these objects which is more compelling than not having to do the nonsense above. What say you?

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  • Concurrent Threads in C# using BackgroundWorker

    - by Jim Fell
    My C# application is such that a background worker is being used to wait for the acknowledgement of some transmitted data. Here is some psuedo code demonstrating what I'm trying to do: UI_thread { TransmitData() { // load data for tx // fire off TX background worker } RxSerialData() { // if received data is ack, set ack received flag } } TX_thread { // transmit data // set ack wait timeout // fire off ACK background worker // wait for ACK background worker to complete // evaluate status of ACK background worker as completed, failed, etc. } ACK_thread { // wait for ack received flag to be set } What happens is that the ACK BackgroundWorker times out, and the acknowledgement is never received. I'm fairly certain that it is being transmitted by the remote device because that device has not changed at all, and the C# application is transmitting. I have changed the ack thread from this (when it was working)... for( i = 0; (i < waitTimeoutVar) && (!bAckRxd); i++ ) { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1); } ...to this... DateTime dtThen = DateTime.Now(); DateTime dtNow; TimeSpan stTime; do { dtNow = DateTime.Now(); stTime = dtNow - dtThen; } while ( (stTime.TotalMilliseconds < waitTimeoutVar) && (!bAckRxd) ); The latter generates a very acurate wait time, as compared to the former. However, I am wondering if removal of the Sleep function is interferring with the ability to receive serial data. Does C# only allow one thread to run at a time, that is, do I have to put threads to sleep at some time to allow other threads to run? Any thoughts or suggestions you may have would be appreciated. I am using Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition. Thanks.

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  • Python "callable" attribute (pseudo-property)

    - by mgilson
    In python, I can alter the state of an instance by directly assigning to attributes, or by making method calls which alter the state of the attributes: foo.thing = 'baz' or: foo.thing('baz') Is there a nice way to create a class which would accept both of the above forms which scales to large numbers of attributes that behave this way? (Shortly, I'll show an example of an implementation that I don't particularly like.) If you're thinking that this is a stupid API, let me know, but perhaps a more concrete example is in order. Say I have a Document class. Document could have an attribute title. However, title may want to have some state as well (font,fontsize,justification,...), but the average user might be happy enough just setting the title to a string and being done with it ... One way to accomplish this would be to: class Title(object): def __init__(self,text,font='times',size=12): self.text = text self.font = font self.size = size def __call__(self,*text,**kwargs): if(text): self.text = text[0] for k,v in kwargs.items(): setattr(self,k,v) def __str__(self): return '<title font={font}, size={size}>{text}</title>'.format(text=self.text,size=self.size,font=self.font) class Document(object): _special_attr = set(['title']) def __setattr__(self,k,v): if k in self._special_attr and hasattr(self,k): getattr(self,k)(v) else: object.__setattr__(self,k,v) def __init__(self,text="",title=""): self.title = Title(title) self.text = text def __str__(self): return str(self.title)+'<body>'+self.text+'</body>' Now I can use this as follows: doc = Document() doc.title = "Hello World" print (str(doc)) doc.title("Goodbye World",font="Helvetica") print (str(doc)) This implementation seems a little messy though (with __special_attr). Maybe that's because this is a messed up API. I'm not sure. Is there a better way to do this? Or did I leave the beaten path a little too far on this one? I realize I could use @property for this as well, but that wouldn't scale well at all if I had more than just one attribute which is to behave this way -- I'd need to write a getter and setter for each, yuck.

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  • JavaScript for loop index strangeness

    - by pythonBOI
    I'm relatively new to JS so this may be a common problem, but I noticed something strange when dealing with for loops and the onclick function. I was able to replicate the problem with this code: <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function () { var buttons = document.getElementsByTagName('a'); for (var i=0; i<2; i++) { buttons[i].onclick = function () { alert(i); return false; } } } </script> </head> <body> <a href="">hi</a> <br /> <a href="">bye</a> </body> </html> When clicking the links I would expect to get '0' and '1', but instead I get '2' for both of them. Why is this? BTW, I managed to solve my particular problem by using the 'this' keyword, but I'm still curious as to what is behind this behavior.

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  • How to model and handle presentation DTO's to abstract from complicated domain model?

    - by arrages
    Hi I am developing an application that needs to work with a complex domain model using Hibernate. This application uses Spring MVC and using the domain objects in the presentation layer is very messy so I think I should use DTO's that go to and from my service layer so that these match what I need in my views. Now lets assume I have a CarLease entity whose properties are not simple java primitives but it's composed with other entities like Make, Model, etc public class CarLease { private Make make; Private Model model; . . . } most properties are in this fashion and they are selectable using drop down selects on the jsp view, each will post back an ID to the controller. Now considering some standard use cases: create, edit, display How would you go about modeling the presentation DTO's to be used as form backing objects and communication between presentation and service layers?? Would you create a different DTO for each case (create, edit, display), would you make DTO's for the complex attributes? if so where would you translate the ID to entity? how and where would you handle validation, DTO/Domain assembly, what would you return from service layer methods? (create, edit, get) As you can see, I now I will benefit by separating my view from the domain objects (very complex with lots of stuff I don't need.) but I am having a hard time finding any real world examples and best practices for this. I need some architecture guidance from top to bottom, please keep in mind I will use Spring MVC in case that may leverage on your anwser. thanks in advance.

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