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  • Linux router and firewall with IP accounting

    - by Andrew
    I'm working on a project to replace my organisation's aging Slackware gateway/router/firewall machine in our colo rack. Previously we used rc.firewall but we are now looking for something more modern and easily configurable. The requirements are: Act as a gateway router & firewall Port forwarding to a Terminal Server in the colo IP/traffic accounting, preferably accessible via SNMP (already using cacti for other servers) Possibility of acting as a PPTP server & routing these connections Is not an out-of-the-box Cisco product (don't have the finances or support to maintain it) I'd prefer to use Ubuntu or some other Debian-based distro but something that integrates everything we're looking for is certainly an option if it offers all the desired features and is easy to configure. Is there a simple set of packages that will provide me with the Firewall & Accounting features, or am I best served with a custom-built distro / other solution?

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  • fdisk (Linux) partitioning RAID 0

    - by Silverrocker
    I'm trying to create partitions for a Slackware installation on my computer (beside Windows 7) just to have a nice distribution running mostly for school but when I run fdisk and print the partition table I get the following message: Partition x does not end on cylinder boundary. (In my case x = 1, just using x to help googlers.) I must say I'm using a RAID card (AMCC 3ware 9500S SATA RAID Controller). Maybe this is the problem. How can I fix this without losing any data?

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  • Linux. Compare binary files

    - by frustratedCmpNoLongerUser
    I need to compare two binary files and get output in form for every different byte. So if file1.bin is 00 90 00 11 in binary form and file2.bin is 00 91 00 10 I want to get something like 00000001 90 91 00000003 11 10 what is the easiest way to accomplish the goal? Standard tool? Some 3rd party tool? inb4: cmp -l should be killed with fire,it uses decimal system for offsets and octal for bytes. "Consistency for losers" must be cmp's motto.

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  • Partitions on Linux and their CHS dependance

    - by FractalizeR
    Hello. Recently I came into a problem with partitioning WD20EARS disk (with 4k sectors). I needed partitions to be aligned correctly so I just used parted in "unit s" mode and started all partitions at mod8 sector (drive itself reports, that sector is 512b) and ended all of them at mod8-1 sector. But then I thought, that may be I should take into account also the cylinder boundaries (I've seen some posts on the net where fdisk complains about partitions not to start/end on cylinder boundary). And then... I thought, that if drive lies about it's sector size, may be it's lying about the whole geometry? Should I care about partitions to be aligned against cylinder boundaries? If so, how do I find these boundaries? I guess each drive model can contain different sectors per track/cylinder... Or sector alignment is all I should take care of?

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  • Linux - Help, I'm running out of inodes!

    - by Rory McCann
    I have a filesystem that has lots of small files. Currently about 80% of inodes are used (I checked with df -i), however only 60% of disk space is used. How can I 'increase' the number of inodes? If it was just disk space, I know that I could just increase the size of the disk (this disk is on LVM). If I increase the size of the disk, will that make me have more inodes? I'm willing to grow the filesystem this disk is on, if that'd help.

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  • Lazy umount or Unmounting a busy disk in Linux

    - by deed02392
    I have read that it is possible to 'umount' a disk that is otherwise busy by using the 'lazy' option. The manpage has this to say about it: umount - unmount file systems -l Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option allows a "busy" filesystem to be unmounted. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.) But what would be the point in that? I considered why we dismount partitions at all: To remove the hardware To perform operations on the filesystem that would be unsafe to do while mounted In either of these cases, all a 'lazy' unmount serves IMHO is to make it more difficult to determine if the disk really is dismounted and you can actually proceed with these actions. The only application for umount -l seems to be for inexperienced users to 'feel' like they've achieved something they haven't. Why would you use a lazy unmount?

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  • Routing data through VPN in linux

    - by Shadyabhi
    I think its a silly question but still here it goes.. Terminal Output: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1c:c0:37:5e:25 inet addr:10.100.98.51 Bcast:10.100.98.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21c:c0ff:fe37:5e25/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:29677 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5209 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3179007 (3.1 MB) TX bytes:610142 (610.1 KB) Memory:e0380000-e03a0000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:9555 (9.5 KB) TX bytes:9555 (9.5 KB) vpn_0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ac:39:95:a1:16 inet6 addr: fe80::2ac:39ff:fe95:a116/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1786 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:128597 (128.5 KB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 B) Actually, I followed this tutorial to setup the PacketiX VPN on ubuntu. Now, how do I actually use this VPN? Terminal Output: shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.100.98.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default 10.100.98.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ As told in tutorial, if I do route del default route add default dev vpn_0 I am not able to surf the internet. And I get the route command output as: root@shadyabhi-desktop:/home/shadyabhi# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.100.98.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 default * 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 vpn_0 root@shadyabhi-desktop:/home/shadyabhi# I know I am not able to route the traffic properly. How do i do that?

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  • find command in Linux

    - by Martin
    My goal is to find all pdf files on a remote machine, so I resort to the useful command find. So I type find ~ *.pdf or find ~ "*.pdf" and I get nothing. I do the same on my machine and I get nothing. I do a regular search from the menu on my machine and I find quite a few pdf files. Would somebody please tell me what am I doing wrong?

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  • cpu load measure with hyperthreading on linux

    - by dronus
    How can I get the true usage of a multicore hyperthreading enabled cpu? For example lets consider a 2 core CPU, expressing 4 virtual cores. A single threaded workload would now show up as 100% in top, as one core of the virtual cores is completely used. The CPU and top work as expected, like there would be 4 real cores. With two threads however, the things get arkward: If all works well, they are balanced to the two real cores, so we got 200% usage: Two times 100% and two idle virtual cores, and are using all of the available CPU power. Seems ok to me. However, if the two threads would run on a single real core, they would show up as using two times 100%, that makes 200% virtual core usage. But on the real side, that would be one core sharing its power on the two threads, which are then using only one half of the total CPU power. So the usage numbers shown by top can not be used to measure the total CPU workload. I also wonder how hyperthreading balances two virtual on a real core. If two threads take a different amount of cycles, would the virtual cores 'adapt' so that both show a 100% load even if the real load differ?

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  • Linux Scheduler (not using all cores on multi-core machine) RHEL6

    - by User512
    I'm seeing strange behavior on one of my servers (running RHEL 6). There seems to be something wrong with the scheduler. Here's the test program I'm using: #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> void RunClient(int i) { printf("Starting client %d\n", i); while (true) { } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { pid_t p_id = fork(); if (p_id == -1) { perror("fork"); } else if (p_id == 0) { RunClient(i); exit(0); } } return 0; } This machine has a lot more than 4 cores so we'd expect all processes to be running at 100%. When I check on top, the cpu usage varies. Sometimes it's split (100%, 33%, 33%, 33%), other times it's split (100%, 100%, 50%, 50%). When I try this test on another server of ours (running RHEL 5), there are no issues (it's 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%) as expected. What's causing this and how can I fix it? Thanks

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  • Hyper-V 2008 R2 synthetic networking stops working with linux 2.6.32.15

    - by luxifer
    Hi there, so I thought I'd give Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise a try on my Homeserver (yes, it's legit... got it from msdnaa). First thing to throw at it was my firewall which runs IPFire. This distribution currently uses the kernel version 2.6.32.15 and comes with the Hyper-V drivers. So I enabled them and at first they work just fine but after a few minutes they just fail. There are no packages going in or out anymore until I reboot the VM but sometimes even that won't work so the VM just keeps "Stopping" like forever. Emulated networking works fine but it slow and uses more CPU. That way my firewall routes slower than when running under virtualbox on an atom N270. My server has an E6750; VM is limited to 25%, but that should still outperform this atom CPU especially since it's never going anywhere near 100% CPU load, so give me a break! A quick google search led me to people having the same problem (even with other distributions and kernel versions that include those drivers) but no solution yet... I already found this but I can't quite follow the author on the part where he solved the issue - especially since I need two virtual nics for my firewall distro to work (obviously one internal and one external) What am I missing here?

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  • Linux (Kubuntu 9.10): Strange DNS problem [seems to be IPv6 issue]

    - by Homer J. Simpson
    Hi, I'm experiencing strange problems with my Kubuntu 9.10 when doing DNS requests from various applications. The requests are extremely slow, so loading any pages in Firefox or Konqueror, doing package installations in Kpackagemanager and other apps is really painful, while for example Opera doesnt have any problems, and ping is normally fast as well for DNS pings. I checked the proxy settings of both the used applications as well as of the general system and there are none, so to me it doesn't seem as there was something inbetween.. Does anybody have an idea on what to check for possible problem sources or how to solve this ? I'm behind a DSL home router which does the DHCP (and works well with my other computer). Any kind of advice would be really helpful. Edit: It seems to be some kind of IPv6 problem, as I could get it to work by disabling IPv6 explicitly in Firefox. Is there a general solution to this ?

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  • Looking for Linux text editor

    - by Daniel
    I'm looking for VIM replacement. My key points are: Extensible in sane language (such as Python, Ruby, or even Lua, after vimscript everything will do). Also GUI part should be extensible too, so no SublimeText2. GUI. Preferrably GTK+. Lightweight. I don't understand IDEs like Eclipse/NetBeans consuming up to 1G of RAM. File browser panel. Splits, tabs and windows. There should be ability to split views tabs infinite number of times (or while they fit to screen). VCS support (optional: especially Git) Snippets & autocompletion (not mandatory, but I would very love to have those) Any ideas?

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  • How to force a resolution in linux?

    - by hi
    I have a HP LP3065 that requires a dual link dvi cable to go up to 2560x1600 resolution. However, I do not have that cable, but I want to use 1920x1200 resolution. However, my nVidia Display Settings (also system display settings) will only go up to 1280x1024, which looks horribly pixelated on the 30". How do I force the 1920x1200 resolution? I tried adding the mode into my xorg.conf file, but it still would not take it. I know my vid card can do 1920x1200 since it works on the 24" monitor with the same dvi cable. Here are my specs: Fedora 12 Nvidia Quadro NVS 420 Intel Xenon E5530 cpu 6gig memory Thanks

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  • linux need to discover local sata mirror before hba attached scsi

    - by Ryan
    (none of the machines mentioned are in production) Hello, I'm trying to install Centos 5.4, which wants to put the boot loader on either the boot sector of the boot drive (a local SATA mirror, recognized second as sdb) or the mba of a hba-attached SCSI array (recognized first as sda). There's a LILO install already on the mba of sdb, which keeps trying to boot first. If I zero out the MBA of sdb, would the boot loader at sdb1 be found and booted? I was thinking of that as a plan B, as I was mostly thinking of coaxing CentOS to find the local mirror first and bring that up as sda, but I haven't found info on how to do this anywhere.

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  • Krusader on Linux

    - by Guus
    In Krusader you can create a New Network Connection (CTRL-N) How can I save those connections? Now I have to enter all details every time.

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  • Conditional dev|nfs mount in Linux

    - by o_O Tync
    I have a mount point — let it be /media/question — and two possible devices: a physical HDD and a remote NFS folder. Sometimes I plug the device in physically, in other cases I mount it via NFS. Is there a way to specify both of them in fstab so that executing mount /media/question will preferably choose physical volume, and when it's not available — NFS?

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  • WPA2 and the linux wireless tools

    - by Bill Grey
    I would like to know a distribution independent way to connect to WPA2 wireless networks. Do the wireless tools support wpa2? iwconfig and such? Or is it necessary to use wpa_supplicant? Having to edit a config file every time if changing between many networks is quickly frustrating. I am aware of tools like wicd, but would like to know if there is a standard way to do this on all distributions without requiring third party software.

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