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  • Classes in same package

    - by nicholas_r
    I love the Intellij IDEA but i have been stacked on one little problem with Java imports. So for example there is a package with name "example" and two different classes in it: A.java and B.java. And i wanna get access to class "A" from class "B" without imports. Like this: class A: package example; public class A{ ... some stuff here ...} class B: package example; public class B{ public static void main(String[] args){ A myVar = 1234; } } This code may not work, but it's doesn't matter. Trouble just with IDE and with its mechanism of importing classes. So, problem is that i can't see A class from B. Idea says 'Cant resolve symbol' but i actually know that class A exists in package. Next strange is that complier works fine and there are no exceptions. Just IDEA can't see the class in the same package. Does anybody has any ideas?

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  • Parsing an XML string containing "&#x20;" (which must be preserved)

    - by Zoodor
    I have code that is passed a string containing XML. This XML may contain one or more instances of &#x20; (an entity reference for the blank space character). I have a requirement that these references should not be resolved (i.e. they should not be replaced with an actual space character). Is there any way for me to achieve this? Basically, given a string containing the XML: <pattern value="[A-Z0-9&#x20;]" /> I do not want it to be converted to: <pattern value="[A-Z0-9 ]" /> (What I am actually trying to achieve is to simply take an XML string and write it to a "pretty-printed" file. This is having the side-effect of resolving occurrences of &#x20; in the string to a single space character, which need to be preserved. The reason for this requirement is that the written XML document must conform to an externally-defined specification.) I have tried creating a sub-class of XmlTextReader to read from the XML string and overriding the ResolveEntity() method, but this isn't called. I have also tried assigning a custom XmlResolver.

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  • Generating all unique crossword puzzle grids

    - by heydenberk
    I want to generate all unique crossword puzzle grids of a certain grid size (4x4 is a good size). All possible puzzles, including non-unique puzzles, are represented by a binary string with the length of the grid area (16 in the case of 4x4), so all possible 4x4 puzzles are represented by the binary forms of all numbers in the range 0 to 2^16. Generating these is easy, but I'm curious if anyone has a good solution for how to programmatically eliminate invalid and duplicate cases. For example, all puzzles with a single column or single row are functionally identical, hence eliminating 7 of those 8 cases. Also, according to crossword puzzle conventions, all squares must be contiguous. I've had success removing all duplicate structures, but my solution took several minutes to execute and probably was not ideal. I'm at something of a loss for how to detect contiguity so if anyone has ideas on this it'd be much appreciated. I'd prefer solutions in python but write in whichever language you prefer. If anyone wants, I can post my python code for generating all grids and removing duplicates, slow as it may be.

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  • float** allocation limit + serialized struct problem. Need advice!

    - by jmgunn
    basically im getting an allocation limit error/warning when i create a float** array. the function i am calling to fill the float** retrieves data from a struct loaded from a file. The function works fine when i use one object but when i load 2 objects into memory i get the limit error. I am pretty sure this is to do with byte alignment or a similar thing because my struct is saved with a float** member which i am sure you are not susposed to do !?! Please confirm this! The next question i have now is how to save/serialize the float** member of this struct? I cant really afford to put an upper bound on the array ie "float [10000][3]" because i need/want to use this structure as a base for many other types of objects that may have well under the upper bound. Stroking my chin here! Any help/advice will recieve my highest gratitude. BTW these said struct objects will be used in a game/graphics package, the float** is a float[3] array for storing vertices in a model. Much thanks in advance

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  • Need help setting up a truststore's chain of authority (in Tomcat)

    - by codeinfo
    Lead in ... I'm not an expert, by far, in application security via SSL, but am trying to establish a test environment that includes all possible scenarios we may encounter in production. For this I have a tree of Certificate Authorities (CAs) that are the issuers of an assortment of test client certificates, and node/server certificates (complex test environment representing the various published web services and other applications we integrate with). The structure of these CAs are as follows: Root CA, which has signed/issued Sub CA1, Sub CA2, and Sub CA3. These subs have then signed/issued all certificates of those various nodes and clients in the environment. Now for the question .... In my application's truststore I would like to trust everything signed by Sub CA1, and Sub CA2, but not Sub CA3 (untrusted). Does this mean my truststore should (1) ONLY include Sub CA1 and Sub CA2, or (2) should it include Root CA, Sub CA1, and Sub CA2? I don't know what is the proper way to represent this trust chain in a truststore. In the future I would also like to add a Sub CA4 (also signed/issued by the Root CA), but add that to a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) for testing purposes. Ahead of time, thank you for any help concerning this. It's greatly appreciated.

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  • The cross-thread usage of "HttpContext.Current" property and related things

    - by smwikipedia
    I read from < Essential ASP.NET with Examples in C# the following statement: Another useful property to know about is the static Current property of the HttpContext class. This property always points to the current instance of the HttpContext class for the request being serviced. This can be convenient if you are writing helper classes that will be used from pages or other pipeline classes and may need to access the context for whatever reason. By using the static Current property to retrieve the context, you can avoid passing a reference to it to helper classes. For example, the class shown in Listing 4-1 uses the Current property of the context to access the QueryString and print something to the current response buffer. Note that for this static property to be correctly initialized, the caller must be executing on the original request thread, so if you have spawned additional threads to perform work during a request, you must take care to provide access to the context class yourself. I am wondering about the root cause of the bold part, and one thing leads to another, here is my thoughts: We know that a process can have multiple threads. Each of these threads have their own stacks, respectively. These threads also have access to a shared memory area, the heap. The stack then, as I understand it, is kind of where all the context for that thread is stored. For a thread to access something in the heap it must use a pointer, and the pointer is stored on its stack. So when we make some cross-thread calls, we must make sure that all the necessary context info is passed from the caller thread's stack to the callee thread's stack. But I am not quite sure if I made any mistake. Any comments will be deeply appreciated. Thanks. ADD Here the stack is limited to user stack.

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  • Why does this sql statement keep saying it is a boolean and not a parameter? (php/Mysql)

    - by ggfan
    In this statement, I am trying to see if there if the latest posting in the database that has the exact same title, price, city, state, detail. If there is, then it would say to the user that the exact post has been already made; if not then insert the posting into the dbc. (This is one type of check so that users can't accidentally post twice. This may not be the best check, but this statement error is annoying me, so I want it to work :)) Why won't this sql work? I think it's not letting the title=$title and not getting the value in the $title... ERROR: mysqli_num_rows() expects parameter 1 to be mysqli_result, boolean given in postad.php on line 365 //there is a form that users fill out that has title, price, city, etc <form> blah blah </form> //if users click submit, then does all the checks and if all okay, insert to dbc if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { // Grab the pposting data from the POST and gets rid of any funny stuff $title = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($_POST['title'])); $price = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($_POST['price'])); $city = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($_POST['city'])); $state = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($_POST['state'])); $detail = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($_POST['detail'])); if (!is_numeric($price) && !empty($price)) { echo "<p class='error'>The price can only be numbers. No special characters, etc</p>"; } //Error problem...won't let me set title=$title, detail=$detail, etc. //this statement after all the checks so that none of the variables are empty $query="Select * FROM posting WHERE user_id={$_SESSION['user_id']} AND title=$title AND price=$price AND city=$city AND state=$state AND detail=$detail"; $data = mysqli_query($dbc, $query); if(mysqli_num_rows($data)==1) { echo "You already posted this ad. Most likely caused by refreshing too many times."; } }

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  • Why is the operation address incremented by two?

    - by Gavin Jones
    I am looking at a Javascript emulator of a NES to try and understand how it works. On this line: addr = this.load(opaddr+2); The opcode is incremented by two. However, the documentation (see appendix E) I'm reading says: Zero page addressing uses a single operand which serves as a pointer to an address in zero page ($0000-$00FF) where the data to be operated on can be found. By using zero page addressing, only one byte is needed for the operand, so the instruction is shorter and, therefore, faster to execute than with addressing modes which take two operands. An example of a zero page instruction is AND $12. So if the operand's argument is only one byte, shouldn't it appear directly after it, and be + 1 instead of + 2? Why +2? This is how I think it works, which may be incorrect. Suppose our memory looks like: ------------------------- | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | <- index ------------------------- | a | b | c | d | e | f | <- memory ------------------------- ^ \ PC and our PC is 0, pointing to a. For this cycle, we say that the opcode: var pc= 0; //for example's sake var opcode= memory[pc]; //a So shouldn't the first operand be the next slot, i.e. b? var first_operand = memory[pc + 1]; //b

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  • Hibernate 1:M relationship ,row order, constant values table and concurrency

    - by EugeneP
    table A and B need to have 1:M relationship a and b are added during application runtime, so A created, then say 4 B's created. Each B instance has to come in order, so that I could later extract them in the same order as I added them. The app will be a web-app running on Tomcat, so 10 instances may work simultaneously. So my question are: 1) How to preserve inserting order, so that I could extract B instances that A references in the same order as I persisted them. That's tricky, because we add to a Collection and then it gets saved (am I right?). So, it depends on how Hibernate saves it, what if it changes the order in what we added instances? I've seen something like LIST instead of SET when describing relationships, is that what I need? 2) How to add a 3-rd column to B so that I could differentiate the instances, something like SEX(M,F,U) in B table. Do I need a special table, or there's and easy way to describe constants in Hibernate. What do you recommend? 3) Talking about concurrency, what methods do you recommend to use? There should be no collisions in the db and as you see, there might easily be some if rows are not inserted (PK added) right where it is invoked without delays ?

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  • How can I avoid garbage collection delays in Java games? (Best Practices)

    - by Brian
    I'm performance tuning interactive games in Java for the Android platform. Once in a while there is a hiccup in drawing and interaction for garbage collection. Usually it's less than one tenth of a second, but sometimes it can be as large as 200ms on very slow devices. I am using the ddms profiler (part of the Android SDK) to search out where my memory allocations come from and excise them from my inner drawing and logic loops. The worst offender had been short loops done like, for(GameObject gob : interactiveObjects) gob.onDraw(canvas); where every single time the loop was executed there was an iterator allocated. I'm using arrays (ArrayList) for my objects now. If I ever want trees or hashes in an inner loop I know that I need to be careful or even reimplement them instead of using the Java Collections framework since I can't afford the extra garbage collection. That may come up when I'm looking at priority queues. I also have trouble where I want to display scores and progress using Canvas.drawText. This is bad, canvas.drawText("Your score is: " + Score.points, x, y, paint); because Strings, char arrays and StringBuffers will be allocated all over to make it work. If you have a few text display items and run the frame 60 times a second that begins to add up and will increase your garbage collection hiccups. I think the best choice here is to keep char[] arrays and decode your int or double manually into it and concatenate strings onto the beginning and end. I'd like to hear if there's something cleaner. I know there must be others out there dealing with this. How do you handle it and what are the pitfalls and best practices you've discovered to run interactively on Java or Android? These gc issues are enough to make me miss manual memory management, but not very much.

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  • (JQuery) How to call a custom function before following link

    - by morpheous
    I want to achieve the following behavior in a page link. When the link is clicked, I want to: First, send (POST) some data back to the server Second, allow the browser to navigate to the url that the link was pointing to. I am relatively new to JQuery, and here is my first attempt below. I will be grateful to any jQuery gurus in here to fillin the blanks (and maybe point out how the snippet below may be improved). <html> <head>test page</head> <body> <div><a id="hotlink" href="http://www.example.com">Clik and see</a></div> </body> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $('hotlink').click(function(){ //AJAX Post data here ... //follow the link url (i.e. navigate/browse to the link) ... }); }); </script> </html>

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  • Trouble understanding the semantics of volatile in Java

    - by HungryTux
    I've been reading up about the use of volatile variables in Java. I understand that they ensure instant visibility of their latest updates to all the threads running in the system on different cores/processors. However no atomicity of the operations that caused these updates is ensured. I see the following literature being used frequently A write to a volatile field happens-before every read of that same field . This is where I am a little confused. Here's a snippet of code which should help me better explain my query. volatile int x = 0; volatile int y = 0; Thread-0: | Thread-1: | if (x==1) { | if (y==1) { return false; | return false; } else { | } else { y=1; | x=1; return true; | return true; } | } Since x & y are both volatile, we have the following happens-before edges between the write of y in Thread-0 and read of y in Thread-1 between the write of x in Thread-1 and read of x in Thread-0 Does this imply that, at any point of time, only one of the threads can be in its 'else' block(since a write would happen before the read)? It may well be possible that Thread-0 starts, loads x, finds it value as 0 and right before it is about to write y in the else-block, there's a context switch to Thread-1 which loads y finds it value as 0 and thus enters the else-block too. Does volatile guard against such context switches (seems very unlikely)?

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  • How to identify end of InputStream in java

    - by Vardhaman
    I am trying to read bytes from server using Socket program, ie I am using InputStream to read the bytes. If I pass the length size I am able to read the bytes, but I am not sure what may be the length. So I am not able initialize the byte array. Also I tried while (in.read() !=-1), I observered it loop works fine when the data is sent , but the next line after the loop is not executable , I feel its still looking for the data in the stream but there is no ata. If I close the Server connection , then my client will execute the next line followed to the loop. I am not sure where I am going wrong? this.in = socket.getInputStream(); int dataInt = this.in.read(); while(dataInt != -1){ System.out.print(","+i+"--"+dataInt); i++; dataInt = this.in.read(); } System.out.print("End Of loop"); I get the output as:- ,1--0,2--62,3--96,4--131,5--142,6--1,7--133,8--2,9--16,10--48,11--56,12--1,13--0,14--14,15--128,16--0,17--0,18--0,19--48,20--0,21--0,22--0,23--0,24--0,25--1,26--0,27--0,28--38,29--114,30--23,31--20,32--70,33--3,34--20,35--1,36--133,37--48,38--51,39--49,40--52,41--49,42--55,43--49,44--52,45--52,46--54,47--55,48--50,49--51,50--52,51--48,52--53,53--56,54--51,55--48,56--48,57--57,58--57,59--57,60--57,61--57,62--57,63--57,64--56 But no output for :- End Of loop Please guide how shall I close the loop? Looking forward for you response. Thanking you all in advance.

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  • Get the package of a Java source file

    - by Oak
    My goal is to find the package (as string) of a Java source file, given as plaintext and not already sorted in folders. I can't just locate the first instance of the keyword package in the file, because it may appear inside a comment. So I was thinking about two alternatives: Scan the file word-by-word, maintaining a "inside-a-comment" flag for the scanner. The first time the package keyword is encountered while not inside a comment, stop the scanning and report the result. Use a regex - should be theoretically possible because block comments do not next in Java, but I tried making such a regex and it turned out to be quite complicated - for me, at least. Another difference between the two approaches is that when scanning manually I can stop the scan when I can be certain the package keyword can no longer appear, saving some time... and I'm not sure I can do something similar with regexes. On the other hand, the decision "when it can no longer appear" is not necessarily simple, though I could use some heuristic for that. I would like to hear any input on this problem, and would welcome any help with the regex. My solution is written in Java as well.

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  • My iOS app has a + in its name. Bundle is invalid due to this. Need help resolving

    - by d.altman
    I did find a couple of very similar or identical threads here but they seemed to end before full resolution. My app runs fine on my device with no build error. I am trying to submit app for approval and I get the following error, "This bundle is invalid. The executable name, as reported by CFBundleExecutable in the info.plist file may not contain any of these characters ..... +". So I opened my info.plist file and changed the info.plist file executable name from the macro ${EXECUTABLE_NAME} to the name of my app without the +. I did a new archive but then get an error saying the "codesign failed with exit code 1". In another thread I read to just change targets name removing the + from there and leaving the info.plist file with the macro for the executable name, restarting Xcode and then archiving again. That allowed me to archive but I received the same error in iTunes Connect. I have been working on this all day and don't find the solution. Can anyone please point me in the right direction? Thank you for any help.

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  • 3D coordinate of 2D point given camera and view plane

    - by Myx
    I wish to generate rays from the camera through the viewing plane. In order to do this, I need my camera position ("eye"), the up, right, and towards vectors (where towards is the vector from the camera in the direction of the object that the camera is looking at) and P, the point on the viewing plane. Once I have these, the ray that's generated is: ray = camera_eye + t*(P-camera_eye); where t is the distance along the ray (assume t = 1 for now). My question is, how do I obtain the 3D coordinates of point P given that it is located at position (i,j) on the viewing plane? Assume that the upper left and lower right corners of the viewing plane are given. NOTE: The viewing plane is not actually a plane in the sense that it doesn't extend infinitely in all directions. Rather, one may think of this plane as a widthxheight image. In the x direction, the range is 0--width and in the y direction the range is 0--height. I wish to find the 3D coordinate of the (i,j)th element, 0

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  • Align a set of elements that are not next to each other in the HTML

    - by user1917727
    I am creating a comparison table where the columns are built as below: <div id = "wrapper"> <div id = "col1"> <div class = "row1"> text lots more text and more text </div> <div class = "row2"> text </div> <div class = "row3"> text </div> </div> <div id = "col2"> <div class = "row1"> text </div> <div class = "row2"> a lot of text </div> <div class = "row3"> text </div> </div> </div> Col1 and col2 are then displayed as an inline-block so they visually sit next to each other on the page. The problem is that the contents of each row may vary. Without setting a min-height of each row, how could i make sure that each row visually lines up with its corresponding row from the other column? I can't think of any way to achieve this in CSS alone. I'm wondering if there's some sneaky jQuery way of achieving this? EDIT: I Can't change the HTML structure. Cheers

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  • SQL Server 2008, Books Online, and old documentation...

    - by Chris J
    [I have no idea if stackoverflow really is right right place for this, but don't know how many devs on here run into msi issues with SQL Server; suggest SuperUser or ServerFault if folk think it's better on either of those] About a year ago, when we were looking at moving our codebase forward and migrating to SQL Server 2008, I pulled down a copy of Books Online from the MSDN. Reviewed, did background research, fed results upstream, grabbed Express and tinkered with that. Then we got the nod to move forward (hurrah!) this past couple of weeks. So armed with Developer Edition, and running through the install, I've since found out I've zapped the Books Online MSI, no-ones got a copy of it, and Microsoft only have a later version (Oct 2009) available, so damned if I can update my SQL Server fully and properly... {mutter grumble}. Does anyone know if old versions of Books Online are available for download anywhere? Poking around the Microsoft download centre can't find it, neither is my google-fu finding it. For reference, I'm looking for SQLServer2008_BOL_August2008_ENU.msi ... This may just be a case of good ol' manual delete the files and (try) and clean up the registry :-(

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  • What does the `new` keyword do

    - by Mike
    I'm following a Java tutorial online, trying to learn the language, and it's bouncing between two semantics for using arrays. long results[] = new long[3]; results[0] = 1; results[1] = 2; results[2] = 3; and: long results[] = {1, 2, 3}; The tutorial never really mentioned why it switched back and forth between the two so I searched a little on the topic. My current understanding is that the new operator is creating an object of "array of longs" type. What I do not understand is why do I want that, and what are the ramifications of that? Are there certain "array" specific methods that won't work on an array unless it's an "array object"? Is there anything that I can't do with an "array object" that I can do with a normal array? Does the Java VM have to do clean up on objects initialized with the new operator that it wouldn't normally have to do? I'm coming from C, so my Java terminology, may not be correct here, so please ask for clarification if something's not understandable.

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  • Fade in and out a div contains video embedHTML in jquery

    - by Ahmy
    I have a div and three links when a link is clicked the div is set its innerHTML with an embedHTML of video and i need to cause some effects when the current div video is changed on clicking the link Example : <a id="Link1" onClick="ChangeVideo(1)">Link1</a> <a id="Link2" onClick="ChangeVideo(2)">Link2</a> <a id="Link3" onClick="ChangeVideo(3)">Link3</a> <div id="CurrVideo"></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> //The ArrEmbed is an array that is set on the load of the page:: var ArrEmbed = new Array(); function ChangeVideo(index) { $('#CurrVideo).fadeTo(1000,0.25,function(){ document.getElementById("CurrVideo").innerHTML = ArrEmbed[index-1]; }); $('#CurrVideo).fadeTo(500,1.25); } </script> The effect is not noticeable and fading with opacity diminshing is not noticed even if the duration time is increased (e.g. 'slow') and when i replace the EmbedHTML with image this code is applicable and the effect of fading is noticed but with the video it is not noticeable so how can i solve this problem ? Thanks in advance for any try Note: The embedHTML differ as it may come from youtube or any server or from my JWPlayer.

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  • Accessing global variables in a flash[:notice]

    - by Trip
    This is deals_controller.rb. And it works like this, except two things. Not sure how to call Deal.count to add in my flash[:notice] . I get the hunch that its not calling something global. I need that contional statement back, as I'm pretty sure its responsible for actually adding the new @deal . So I assume my syntax is off. Do note, I added an extra 'end' when I uncomment this block. def create -# This will use the disclaimer_ids submitted from the check boxes in the view -# to add/delete deal.disclaimers entries to matched the list of checked boxes. @deal = Deal.new(params[:deal]) -# <------I Need this commented out IF statement back ------- -#if @deal.valid? && @organization.deals << @deal flash[:notice] = 'Your promotion is published! You may find it in the number 1 position of our #{deal.count} previously posted promotions. To see your promotion, click here."' respond_to do |format| format.html { redirect_to organization_deals_path(@organization) } format.js -# I Need this IF Statement Back! -#else -#@disclaimers = Disclaimer.all -#render :action = 'new' end end Thanks!

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  • Linq based generic alternate to Predicate<T>?

    - by Eric
    I have an interface called ICatalog as shown below where each ICatalog has a name and a method that will return items based on a Predicate<Item> function. public interface ICatalog { string Name { get; } IEnumerable<IFamily> GetItems(Predicate<Item> predicate); } A specific implementation of a catalog may be linked to catalogs in various format such as XML, or a SQL database. With an XML catalog I end up deserializing the entire XML file into memory, so testing each item with the predicate function does does not add a whole lot more overhead as it's already in memory. Yet with the SQL implementation I'd rather not retrieve the entire contents of the database into memory, and then filter the items with the predicate function. Instead I'd want to find a way to somehow pass the predicate to the SQL server, or somehow convert it to a SQL query. This seems like a problem that can be solved with Linq, but I'm pretty new to it. Should my interface return IQueryable instead?

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  • determine week when pick a day

    - by derikluv
    I'm trying to accomplish the following task. I'm developing a custom calendar with three views (day,week and month), there may be something out there already but I'm rewriting this as part of learning tool for me as well. So user will face with Day view when they first visit, with arrows to go back and forth to next day or previous day of course. If they click on Week View, it will give them a 7 days overview with today date as default, and once again they can go back and forth to next week or previous week. The last view is the full month calendar, once they click on the day, it will give them the detail of the day and at the same time reset the default as the day they pick. So if they go back to week view, they will see the detail for the week contain the day that they picked. This is where I have trouble wrapping my head around with, I know there are PHP functions that determine the day of the week but I can't seem to think about how to pass in the date and get the full week starting from Sunday for the day that passed in. For example, if I passed in 10/12/2012, I'd like to start the week at 10/07/12 - 10/13/12. Thank you kindly for your help or pointing to the right direction. Please excuse my grammar/spelling mistakes as well.

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  • Fast and efficient way to read a space separated file of numbers into an array?

    - by John_Sheares
    I need a fast and efficient method to read a space separated file with numbers into an array. The files are formatted this way: 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 5 4 3 21111 101 3 5 6234 1 2 3 4 2 33434 4 5 6 The first row is the dimension of the array [rows columns]. The lines following contain the array data. The data may also be formatted without any newlines like this: 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 5 4 3 21111 101 3 5 6234 1 2 3 4 2 33434 4 5 6 I can read the first line and initialize an array with the row and column values. Then I need to fill the array with the data values. My first idea was to read the file line by line and use the split function. But the second format listed gives me pause, because the entire array data would be loaded into memory all at once. Some of these files are in the 100 of MBs. The second method would be to read the file in chunks and then parse them piece by piece. Maybe somebody else has a better a way of doing this?

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  • C++: getting the address of the start of an std::vector ?

    - by shoosh
    Sometimes it is useful to use the starting address of an std::vector and temporarily treat that address as the address of a regularly allocated buffer. For instance replace this: char* buf = new char[size]; fillTheBuffer(buf, size); useTheBuffer(buf, size); delete[] buf; With This: vector<char> buf(size); fillTheBuffer(&buf[0], size); useTheBuffer(&buf[0], size); The advantage of this is of course that the buffer is deallocated automatically and I don't have to worry about the delete[]. The problem I'm having with this is when size == 0. In that case the first version works ok. An empty buffer is "allocated" and the subsequent functions do nothing size they get size == 0. The second version however fails if size == 0 since calling buf[0] may rightly contain an assertion that 0 < size. So is there an alternative to the idiom &buf[0] that returns the address of the start of the vector even if the vector is empty? I've also considered using buf.begin() but according to the standard it isn't even guaranteed to return a pointer.

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