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  • 2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

    - by Columbo
    I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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  • Developing Web Portal

    - by Ya Basha
    I'm php, Ruby on Rails and HTML5 developer I need some advises and suggestions for a web portal project that I will build from scratch. This is my first time to build a web portal, Which developing scripting language you prefer and why? and how I should start planing my project as it will contains many modules. I'm excited to start building this project and I want to build it in the right way with planing, if you know some web resources that help me decide and plan my project please give them to me. Best Regards,

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  • Non-zero exit status for clean exit

    - by trinithis
    Is it acceptable to return a non-zero exit code if the program in question ran properly? For example, say I have a simple program that (only) does the following: Program takes N arguments. It returns an exit code of min(N, 255). Note that any N is valid for the program. A more realistic program might return different codes for successfully ran programs that signify different things. Should these programs instead write this information to a stream instead, such as to stdout?

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  • Resources for improving your comprehension of recursion?

    - by Andrew M
    I know what recursion is (when a patten reoccurs within itself, typically a function that calls itself on one of its lines, after a breakout conditional... right?), and I can understand recursive functions if I study them closely. My problem is, when I see new examples, I'm always initially confused. If I see a loop, or a mapping, zipping, nesting, polymorphic calling, and so on, I know what's going just by looking at it. When I see recursive code, my thought process is usually 'wtf is this?' followed by 'oh it's recursive' followed by 'I guess it must work, if they say it does.' So do you have any tips/plans/resources for building up your skills in this area? Recursion is kind of a wierd concept so I'm thinking the way to tackle it may be equally wierd and inobvious.

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  • Functional Methods on Collections

    - by GlenPeterson
    I'm learning Scala and am a little bewildered by all the methods (higher-order functions) available on the collections. Which ones produce more results than the original collection, which ones produce less, and which are most appropriate for a given problem? Though I'm studying Scala, I think this would pertain to most modern functional languages (Clojure, Haskell) and also to Java 8 which introduces these methods on Java collections. Specifically, right now I'm wondering about map with filter vs. fold/reduce. I was delighted that using foldRight() can yield the same result as a map(...).filter(...) with only one traversal of the underlying collection. But a friend pointed out that foldRight() may force sequential processing while map() is friendlier to being processed by multiple processors in parallel. Maybe this is why mapReduce() is so popular? More generally, I'm still sometimes surprised when I chain several of these methods together to get back a List(List()) or to pass a List(List()) and get back just a List(). For instance, when would I use: collection.map(a => a.map(b => ...)) vs. collection.map(a => ...).map(b => ...) The for/yield command does nothing to help this confusion. Am I asking about the difference between a "fold" and "unfold" operation? Am I trying to jam too many questions into one? I think there may be an underlying concept that, if I understood it, might answer all these questions, or at least tie the answers together.

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  • Is there any reason lazy initialization couldn't be built into Java?

    - by Renesis
    Since I'm working on a server with absolutely no non-persisted state for users, every User-related object we have is rolled out on every request. Consequently I often find myself doing lazy initialization of properties of objects that may go unused. protected EventDispatcher dispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); Becomes... protected EventDispatcher<EventMessage> dispatcher; public EventDispatcher<EventMessage> getEventDispatcher() { if (dispatcher == null) { dispatcher = new EventDispatcher<EventMessage>(); } return dispatcher; } Is there any reason this couldn't be built into Java? protected lazy EventDispatcher dispatcher = new EventDispatcher();

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  • How you return to a code when you don't remember what you were doing?

    - by speeder
    Well, I have some problems with procrastination and whatnot, but those get infinitely worse, when I cannot remember what I should be doing. I mean, I know my project, I wrote 100% of the code so far, and I knew more or less what I was doing, but I don't remember exactly what, I don't remember what file I was editing and why. How I get back on track? (because right now my technique of opening the source code and staring at it is not working)

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  • Calling methods on Objects

    - by Mashael
    Let's say we have a class called 'Automobile' and we have an instance of that class called 'myCar'. I would like to ask why do we need to put the values that our methods return in a variable for the object? Why just don't we call the method? For example: Why should we write: string message = myCar.SpeedMessage(); Console.WriteLine(message); instead of: Console.WriteLine(myCar.SpeedMessage());

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  • Style bits vs. Separate bool's

    - by peterchen
    My main platform (WinAPI) still heavily uses bits for control styles etc. (example). When introducing custom controls, I'm permanently wondering whether to follow that style or rather use individual bool's. Let's pit them against each other: enum EMyCtrlStyles { mcsUseFileIcon = 1, mcsTruncateFileName = 2, mcsUseShellContextMenu = 4, }; void SetStyle(DWORD mcsStyle); void ModifyStyle(DWORD mcsRemove, DWORD mcsAdd); DWORD GetStyle() const; ... ctrl.SetStyle(mcsUseFileIcon | mcsUseShellContextMenu); vs. CMyCtrl & SetUseFileIcon(bool enable = true); bool GetUseFileIcon() const; CMyCtrl & SetTruncteFileName(bool enable = true); bool GetTruncteFileName() const; CMyCtrl & SetUseShellContextMenu(bool enable = true); bool GetUseShellContextMenu() const; ctrl.SetUseFileIcon().SetUseShellContextMenu(); As I see it, Pro Style Bits Consistent with platform less library code (without gaining complexity), less places to modify for adding a new style less caller code (without losing notable readability) easier to use in some scenarios (e.g. remembering / transferring settings) Binary API remains stable if new style bits are introduced Now, the first and the last are minor in most cases. Pro Individual booleans Intellisense and refactoring tools reduce the "less typing" effort Single Purpose Entities more literate code (as in "flows more like a sentence") No change of paradim for non-bool properties These sound more modern, but also "soft" advantages. I must admit the "platform consistency" is much more enticing than I could justify, the less code without losing much quality is a nice bonus. 1. What do you prefer? Subjectively, for writing the library, or for writing client code? 2. Any (semi-) objective statements, studies, etc.?

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  • Generic Repository with SQLite and SQL Compact Databases

    - by Andrew Petersen
    I am creating a project that has a mobile app (Xamarin.Android) using a SQLite database and a WPF application (Code First Entity Framework 5) using a SQL Compact database. This project will even eventually have a SQL Server database as well. Because of this I am trying to create a generic repository, so that I can pass in the correct context depending on which application is making the request. The issue I ran into is my DataContext for the SQL Compact database inherits from DbContext and the SQLite database inherits from SQLiteConnection. What is the best way to make this generic, so that it doesn't matter what kind of database is on the back end? This is what I have tried so far on the SQL Compact side: public interface IRepository<TEntity> { TEntity Add(TEntity entity); } public class Repository<TEntity, TContext> : IRepository<TEntity>, IDisposable where TEntity : class where TContext : DbContext { private readonly TContext _context; public Repository(DbContext dbContext) { _context = dbContext as TContext; } public virtual TEntity Add(TEntity entity) { return _context.Set<TEntity>().Add(entity); } } And on the SQLite side: public class ElverDatabase : SQLiteConnection { static readonly object Locker = new object(); public ElverDatabase(string path) : base(path) { CreateTable<Ticket>(); } public int Add<T>(T item) where T : IBusinessEntity { lock (Locker) { return Insert(item); } } }

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  • What's the better user experience: Waiting once at startup for a long time or waiting frequently for a short time?

    - by Roflcoptr
    I'm currently design an application that involves a lot of calculation. Now I have generally two possibilities which I have both tested: 1) During startup of the application I calculated only the most important values and these values that consume a lot of time. So the user has to wait approximately 15 seconds during startup. But on the other hand a lot of user interactions require recalculation so that the user often has to wait 2-3 seconds after clicking somewhere until the application has calculated and loaded all values 2) I load everything during startup. This takes from 90 to 120 seconds... This is quite a long time, but the big advantage is that all the user interactions are executed immediately. So what would you generally consider the better approach? Loading all time-consuming operations during startup or when needed?

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  • SDL to SFML simple question

    - by ultifinitus
    Hey! I've been working on a game in c++ for about a week and a half, and I've been using SDL. However, my current engine only needs the following from whatever library I use: enable double buffering load an image from path into something that I can apply to the screen apply an image to the screen with a certain x,y enable transparency on an image (possibly) image clipping, for sprite sheets. I am fairly sure that SFML has all of this functionality, I'm just not positive. Will someone confirm my suspicions? Also I have one or two questions regarding SFML itself. Do I have to do anything to enable hardware accelerated rendering? How quick is SFML at blending alpha values? (sorry for the less than intelligent question!)

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  • Requirements Analysis in Game Development?

    - by Joey Green
    I'm a software engineering student with a focus on game development and am wondering how big of a part does requirement analysis play a part in game development? I'm asking because there is a class being offered and I could take it. It is all about requirements analysis. Here is a description: An in-depth study of current research and practice in requirements elicitation, requirements, analysis, requirements specification,requirements verification and validation, and requirements management. Would this type of knowledge be useful for an independent game developer?

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  • Testing loses its effectiveness if all programmers don't use them

    - by Jeff O
    Let's assume you are convinced that the extra time spent unit testing has merit and improves production. Does that still hold up when everyone working on the same code doesn't use them? This question makes me wonder if fixing tests that everyone doesn't use is a waste of time. If you correct a test so the new code will pass, you're assuming the new code is correct. The person updating the test better have a firm understanding of the reasoning behind the code change and decide if the test or the new code needs to be fixed. This much inconsistency in a team when it comes to testing is probably an indication of other problems as well. There is a certain amount of risk involved that someone else on the team will alter code that is covered by testing. Is this the point where testing becomes counter-productive?

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  • deciphering columnar transposition cipher

    - by Arfan M
    I am looking for an idea on how to decipher a columnar transposition cipher without knowing the key or the length of the key. When I take the cipher text as input to my algorithm I will guess the length of the key to be the factors of the length of the cipher text. I will take the first factor suppose the length was 20 letters so I will take 2*10 (2 rows and 10 columns). Now I want to arrange the cipher text in the columns and read it row wise to see if there is any word forming and match it with a dictionary if it is something sensible. If it matches the dictionary then it means it is in correct order or else I want to know how to make other combinations of the columns and read the string again row wise. Please suggest another approach that is more efficient.

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  • How to write good code with new stuff?

    - by Reza M.
    I always try to write easily readable code that is well structured. I face a particular problem when I am messing around with something new. I keep changing the code, structure and so many other things. In the end, I look at the code and am annoyed at how complicated it became when I was trying to do something so simple. Once I've completed something, I refactor it heavily so that it's cleaner. This occurs after completion most of the time and it is annoying because the bigger the code the more annoying it is the rewrite it. I am curious to know how people deal with such agony, especially on big projects shared between many people ?

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  • Why was Objective-C popularity so sudden on TIOBE index?

    - by l46kok
    I'd like to ask a question that is pretty similar to the one being asked here, but for Objective-C. According to TIOBE rankings, the rise of popularity of Objective-C is unprecedented. This is obviously tied to the popularity of Apple products, but I feel like this might be a hasty conclusion to make since it doesn't really explain the stagnant growth of Java (1. There are way more Android O/S devices distributed worldwide, 2. Java is used in virtually every platform one can imagine) Now I haven't programmed in Objective-C at all, but I'd like to ask if there are any unique features or advantages about the language itself compared to other prevalent languages such as C++, Java, C#, Python etc. What are some other factors that contributed into the rise of Objective-C in this short span of time?

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  • Why there is perception that VB.NET is good for small to medium size application and not for enterprise class project?

    - by Gens
    I love VB.NET very much. Coding VB.NET with Visual Studio is just like typing messages. Smooth, fast and simple. Any error will be notified instantly. The OO capability of VB.NET is good enough. But often in any .Net languages discussion, there is perception that VB.NET is good for small to medium size application and not for large scale project? Why there is such perception? Or am I missing anything regarding to VB.NET?

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  • Blending animations for more character movements

    - by Noob Saibot
    I am making a hack n slash 3rd person game. And I want the character movements to be more dynamic not like fighting games where you have a moves list. I want to animate tons of different animations and have them "Tween" between each other? Because I want the controls to not be keyboard mouse. I want it to be all keyboard. that way you have up to 10 inputs (All your fingers) to blend and morph animations to create more fluid movements. In the end this will almost be similar to characters typing a phrase or string of keys rather than move forward mouse look click to melee. My question is. Has anyone done this before and would someone go about trying to tween lets say one for key on the keyboard excluding Tab, Caps, R+Shift, L+Shift, Enter, R+Ctrl, L+Ctrl, L+Alt, R+Alt, Windows Key, and Menu. So thats all the numbers, letters and punctuation keys. Thats 46 keys gives me a combination of 46P1 = 5502622159812088949850305428800254892961651752960000000000L (used Python) and with a minimum entry value of 2 keypresses shortening to half. This is not humanly possible to create so many inique animations in one lifetime. But I'm guessing there is a reason this hasn't been done already. Or if I just used 10 basic keys. Maybe ASDF SPACE (RIGHT HAND) 456+0 (LEFT HAND KEYPAD) it would give me 3,628,800 posible unique animations.

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  • T-SQL Tuesday #006: "What About BLOB?"

    - by Mike C
    Invitation for T-SQL Tuesday #006: "What About BLOB?" It's getting warm outside just in time for the May T-SQL Tuesday blog party. I’ll be your host this month--and the secret word for this T-SQL Tuesday is "Large Object (LOB) Data" . What’s T-SQL Tuesday? About 6 months ago Adam Machanic (Twitter: @AdamMachanic ) decided to throw a worldwide blog party. Every month Adam picks a host to post the topic and the rules. Everyone who wants to participate publishes a blog entry on the topic of the day,...(read more)

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  • Finding complexity of a program as a service [on hold]

    - by Seshu
    I would like to find the complexity of a specific code chunk written in Java. Is there a place/web site/service where I can find out the complexity of any arbitrary program. This program might include loops/recursion. Using theory we can compute complexity ourselves. But, just curious in finding if any service is out there to find such complexity. We have several code quality related tools does any of such tools will also find complexity of given code? Could any one point me or direct me to such a utility/site/service?

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  • Should experienced programmers know database queries?

    - by Shamim Hafiz
    There are so many programmers out there who are also an expert at Query writing and Database design. Should this be a core requirement to be an expert programmer or software engineer? Though there are lots of similarities in the way queries and codes are developed, my personal opinion is, Queries seem to have a different Structure than Code and it can be tough to Master both simultaneously due to the different approaches.

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  • Where's Randall Hyde?

    - by user1124893
    This probably doesn't belong here, but I couldn't think of any other StackExchange site that would fit it. Quick question, what ever happened to Randall Hyde, author of The Art of Assembly, HLA, and other works? I ask this because I was just exploring some of the content on his website and a lot of it is now gone. His website was hosted on Apple's MobileMe. As of the writing of this question, Apple has closed off all MobileMe content a few days ago. Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't Apple warn of this a year in advance? If so, then where's Randall Hyde? Come to think of it, all of the content on his website that I have seen is several years old. A lot of it is rather useful but unfinished.

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  • Is it possible to extract textures or sprites from compiled game files?

    - by Brian Reindel
    For instance, every map in Portal has what appear to be sprites over a texture indicating the obstacles you'll face (see screenshot). Are these resources compiled into the source as byte code, or is it possible to extract them from installation files? Obviously I understand copyright implications, and I am only interested in using it for a recreational project. Instead of recreating them, I wonder if they can be extracted.

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  • How important do you find exception safety to be in your C++ code?

    - by Kai
    Every time I consider making my code strongly exception safe, I justify not doing it because it would be so time consuming. Consider this relatively simple snippet: Level::Entity* entity = new Level::Entity(); entity->id = GetNextId(); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Position(x, y)); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Movement()); entity->AddComponent(new Component::Render()); allEntities.push_back(entity); // std::vector entityById[entity->id] = entity; // std::map return entity; To implement a basic exception guarantee, I could use a scoped pointer on the new calls. This would prevent memory leaks if any of the calls were to throw an exception. However, let's say I want to implement a strong exception guarantee. At the least, I would need to implement a shared pointer for my containers (I'm not using Boost), a nothrow Entity::Swap for adding the components atomically, and some sort of idiom for atomically adding to both the Vector and Map. Not only would these be time consuming to implement, but they would be expensive since it involves a lot more copying than the exception unsafe solution. Ultimately, it feels to me like that time spent doing all of that wouldn't be justified just so that the a simple CreateEntity function is strongly exception safe. I probably just want the game to display an error and close at that point anyway. How far do you take this in your own game projects? Is it generally acceptable to write exception unsafe code for a program that can just crash when there is an exception?

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