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• How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

  - by int3

  Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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• Toshiba Tecra A11 Notebook: Business-Class Muscle

  The Toshiba notebook's speed, storage and memory makes it a robust tool for any business road warrior.

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• Proper caching method with .htaccess

  - by mark075

  There are a lot of snippets that enable caching on a website and I don't know which one should I use. The most popular is something like this: <IfModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresByType image/jpg "access 1 year" ExpiresByType image/png "access 1 year" ExpiresByType text/css "access 1 month" ExpiresDefault "access 2 days" </IfModule> I also found something similar, but with keyword 'plus'. Like this: ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2592000 seconds" What does it mean, because I didn't find anything in the documentation. Another snippet I found: <ifModule mod_headers.c> <filesMatch "\.(ico|jpe?g|png|gif|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\.(css)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\.(js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, private" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\.(x?html?|php)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=600, private, must-revalidate" </filesMatch> </ifModule> What is the best practice?

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• propertyplaceholderconfigurer class name substitution problem

  - by Alex

  The following example works for "class name substitution using the PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer": http://forum.springsource.org/showpost.php?p=228136&postcount=2 HOWEVER, when porting this code over (messages.properties, com.spring.ioc.TestClass, and spring-config.xml) to a web application, the class name substitution now fails! 1) I am running on the webapp on Tomcat through the Eclipse plugin. 2) In the web.xml I have the following: <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> 3) The following is output in the log: 282 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Ignoring bean class loading failure for bean 'test' org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Cannot find class [${test.class}] for bean with name 'test' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ${test.class} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1141) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:524) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1177) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:222) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:505) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:362) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3795) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4252) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:448) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:700) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:552) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:295) at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:433) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ${test.class} at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1438) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1284) at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:211) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanDefinition.java:385) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1138) ... 23 more Note: I haven't included it, but the PropertyPlaceHolderConfigurer is successfully locating the messages.properties file, but this seems to happen AFTER the above error is output?! DOES ANYBODY KNOW WHY THIS IS THE CASE AND HOW I CAN OVERCOME THIS PROBLEM?

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• boost::enable_if class template method

  - by aaa

  I got class with template methods that looks at this: struct undefined {}; template<typename T> struct is_undefined : mpl::false_ {}; template<> struct is_undefined<undefined> : mpl::true_ {}; template<class C> struct foo { template<class F, class V> typename boost::disable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } template<class F, class V> typename boost::enable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } }; apparently, both templates are instantiated, resulting in compile time error. is instantiation of template methods different from instantiation of free functions? I have fixed this differently, but I would like to know what is up. Thank you

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• Throwing and catching exceptions in the same function/method

  - by usr

  I've written a function that asks a user for input until user enters a positive integer (a natural number). Somebody said I shouldn't throw and catch exceptions in my function and should let the caller of my function handle them. I wonder what other developers think about this. I'm also probably misusing exceptions in the function. Here's the code in Java: private static int sideInput() { int side = 0; String input; Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); do { System.out.print("Side length: "); input = scanner.nextLine(); try { side = Integer.parseInt(input); if (side <= 0) { // probably a misuse of exceptions throw new NumberFormatException(); } } catch (NumberFormatException numFormExc) { System.out.println("Invalid input. Enter a natural number."); } } while (side <= 0); return side; } I'm interested in two things: Should I let the caller worry about exceptions? The point of the function is that it nags the user until the user enters a natural number. Is the point of the function bad? I'm not talking about UI (user not being able to get out of the loop without proper input), but about looped input with exceptions handled. Would you say the throw statement (in this case) is a misuse of exceptions? I could easily create a flag for checking validity of the number and output the warning message based on that flag. But that would add more lines to the code and I think it's perfectly readable as it is. The thing is I often write a separate input function. If user has to input a number multiple times, I create a separate function for input that handles all formatting exceptions and limitations.

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• abstract class in C++

  - by Alexander

  I have a derived derived class from an abstract class. The code is below. I have a FishTank class which is derived from an Aquarium and Aquarium is derived from item. My question is that should I put the definition of virtual int minWidth() const = 0; in aquarium again or is the code below sufficient? class Item{ public: virtual int minWidth() const = 0; }; class Aquarium{ public: virtual int calWidth() = 0; // Pure virtual function. }; class FishTank : public Aquarium{ public: FishTank(int base1, int base2, int height); ~FishTank(); int calWidth(); int minWidth(); };

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• Is the a pattern for iterating over lists held by a class (dynamicly typed OO languages)

  - by Roman A. Taycher

  If I have a class that holds one or several lists is it better to allow other classes to fetch those lists(with a getter) or to implement a doXList/eachXList type method for that list that take a function and call that function on each element of the list contained by that object. I wrote a program that did a ton of this and I hated passing around all these lists sometimes with method in class a calling method in class B to return lists contained in class C, B contains a C or multiple C's (note question is about dynamically typed OO languages languages like ruby or smalltalk) ex. (that came up in my program) on a Person class containing scheduling preferences and a scheduler class needing to access them.

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• Best Practice Method for Including Images in a DataGrid using MVVM

  - by Killercam

  All, I have a WPF DataGrid. This DataGrid shows files ready for compilation and should also show the progress of my compiler as it compiles the files. The format of the DataGrid is Image|File Path|State -----|---------|----- * |C:\AA\BB |Compiled & |F:PP\QQ |Failed > |G:HH\LL |Processing .... The problem is the image column (the *, &, and are for representation only). I have a ResourceDictionary that contains hundreds of vector images as Canvas objects: <ResourceDictionary xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"> <Canvas x:Key="appbar_acorn" Width="48" Height="48" Clip="F1 M 0,0L 48,0L 48,48L 0,48L 0,0"> <Path Width="22.3248" Height="25.8518" Canvas.Left="13.6757" Canvas.Top="11.4012" Stretch="Fill" Fill="{DynamicResource BlackBrush}" Data="F1 M 16.6309,18.6563C 17.1309,8.15625 29.8809,14.1563 29.8809,14.1563C 30.8809,11.1563 34.1308,11.4063 34.1308,11.4063C 33.5,12 34.6309,13.1563 34.6309,13.1563C 32.1309,13.1562 31.1309,14.9062 31.1309,14.9062C 41.1309,23.9062 32.6309,27.9063 32.6309,27.9062C 24.6309,24.9063 21.1309,22.1562 16.6309,18.6563 Z M 16.6309,19.9063C 21.6309,24.1563 25.1309,26.1562 31.6309,28.6562C 31.6309,28.6562 26.3809,39.1562 18.3809,36.1563C 18.3809,36.1563 18,38 16.3809,36.9063C 15,36 16.3809,34.9063 16.3809,34.9063C 16.3809,34.9063 10.1309,30.9062 16.6309,19.9063 Z "/> </Canvas> </ResourceDictionary> Now, I want to be able to include these in my image column and change them at run-time. I was going to attempt to do this by setting up a property in my View Model that was of type Image and binding this to my View via: <DataGrid.Columns> <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="" Width="SizeToCells" IsReadOnly="True"> <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate> <DataTemplate> <Image Source="{Binding Canvas}"/> </DataTemplate> </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate> </DataGridTemplateColumn> </DataGrid.Columns> Where in the View Model I have the appropriate property. Now, I was told this is not 'pure' MVVM. I don't fully accept this, but I want to know if there is a better way of doing this. Say, binding to an enum and using a converter to get the image? Any advice would be appreciated.

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• Input of mouseclick not always registered in XNA Update method

  - by LordrAider

  I have a problem that not all inputs of my mouse events seem to be registered. The update logic is checking a 2 dimensional array of 10x10 . It's logic for a jewel matching game. So when i switch my jewel I can't click on another jewel for like half a second. I tested it with a click counter variable and it doesn't hit the debugger when i click the second time after the jewel switch. Only if I do the second click after waiting half a second longer. Could it be that the update logic is too heavy that while he is executing update logic my click is happening and he doesn't register it? What am I not seeing here :)? Or doing wrong. It is my first game. My function of the update methode looks like this. public void UpdateBoard() { MouseState currentMouseState; currentMouseState = Mouse.GetState(); if (currentMouseState.LeftButton == ButtonState.Pressed && prevMouseState.LeftButton != ButtonState.Pressed) { UpdatingLogic = true; // this.CheckDropJewels(currentMouseState); //this.CheckMatches(3); //this.RemoveMatches(); this.CheckForSwitch(currentMouseState); this.MarkJewel(currentMouseState); UpdatingLogic = false; //reIndexMissingJewels = true; reIndexSwitchedJewels = true; } prevMouseState = currentMouseState; this.ReIndex(); this.UpdateJewels(); }

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• c# GUI changing a listbox from another class

  - by SlowForce

  I've written a multithreaded server that uses tcplistener and a client handler class that controls input and output. I also have a GUI chat client. The chat client works fine and the console version of the server also works well. I have a start() method in the partial(?) Form class, which I run from a new thread when I click a button, that starts the TCP Listener and loops through and accepts socket requests. For every request a new ClientHandler object is created and the socket is passed to this object before being used in a new handler thread. The ClientHandler is a different class to the form and I'm having real problems writing data to the Listbox in the Form class from within the ClientHandler class. I've tried a few different ways of doing this but none of them work as they involve creating a new form class within the ClientHandler. Any help or advice on what I should be reading to help me would be really appreciated.

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• How can I create a generic constructor? (ie. BaseClass.FromXml(<param>)

  - by SofaKng

  I'm not sure how to describe this but I'm trying to create a base class that contains a shared (factory) function called FromXml. I want this function to instantiate an object of the proper type and then fill it via an XmlDocument. For example, let's say I have something like this: Public Class XmlObject Public Shared Function FromXml(ByVal source as XmlDocument) As XmlObject // <need code to create SPECIFIC TYPE of object and return it End Function End Class Public Class CustomObject Inherits XmlObject End Class I'd like to be able to do something like this: Dim myObject As CustomObject = CustomObject.FromXml(source) Is this possible?

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• What's Your Method of not forgetting the end brackets, parentheses

  - by JMC Creative

  disclaimer: for simplicity sake, brackets will refer to brackets, braces, quotes, and parentheses in the couse of this question. Carry on. When writing code, I usually type the beginning and end element first, and then go back and type the inner stuff. This gets to be a lot of backspacing, especially when doing something with many nested elements like: jQuery(function($){$('#element[input="file"]').hover(function(){$(this).fadeOut();})); Is there a more efficient way of remembering how many brackets you've got open ? Or a second example with quotes: <?php echo '<input value="'.$_POST['name'].'" />"; ?>

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• Creating An Utilities Class?

  - by Soo

  Hello SO, I'm very new to OOP and am trying my hardest to keep things strictly class based, while using good coding priciples. I'm a fair ways into my project now and I have a lot of general use methods I want to put into an utilities class. Is there a best way to create an utilities class? public class Utilities { int test; public Utilites() { } public int sum(int number1, int number2) { test = number1+number2; } return test; } After creating this Utilities class, do I just create an Utilities object, and run the methods of my choosing? Do I have this Utilities class idea correct?

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• Struct vs. Class in C#

  In this article, I want to share with you some difference between Struct and Classes.

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• How to extend abstract Entity class in RIA Services

  - by Calanus

  I want to add a bool variable and property to the base Entity class in my RIA services project so that it is available throughout all the entity objects but seem unable to work out how to do this. I know that adding properties to actual entities themselves is easy using .shared.cs and partial classes but adding such properties to the Entity class using similar methods doesn't work. For example, the following code doesn't work namespace System.ServiceModel.DomainServices.Client { public abstract partial class Entity { private bool auditRequired; public bool AuditRequired { get { return auditRequired; } set { auditRequired = value; } } } } All that happens is that the existing Entity class gets totally overriden rather than extending the Entity class. How do I extend the base Entity class so that functionality is available thoughout all derived entity classes?

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• Multiple Class C IP Hosting and the Need For It

  If you are like most webmasters in the world, you want to make sure that your website can effectively rank well in any search engine. So you might think that you too will start using all your various blogs to interlink them to each other.

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• Expected Class-name before { token

  - by ML

  Hi All, I am trying to figure out whey I get an error: expected class-name before { token Here is the relative source to the error: #pragma once #ifndef H_FXACTION #define H_FXACTION #include "CP_M_RefCounted.h" #include "FxTypes.h" #include "string" #include "FxString.h" #include "FxPixels.h" #include "CP_Rect.h" #include "FxStreamable.h" #include "FxPoint.h" #include "FxPtr.h" #include "FxImage.h" #include "FxSleekStreaming.h" typedef FxID FxActionType; typedef FxUInt32 FxActionID; FxActionID FrMakeUniqueActionID(void); class FxActionData; class FxActionData : public CP_M_RefCounted { public: FxActionData(); FxActionData(FxBool final) :mFinal(final) { } virtual ~FxActionData(); I get the error at this line: class FxActionData : public CP_M_RefCounted What I dont get is why the line: class FxActionData; is there when you are creating the class directly under it. Isn't this a forward declaration? What things could be going on here?

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• Regex to replace 'li' with 'option' without losing class and id attributes

  - by Earthman Web

  I am looking for a solution using preg_replace or similar method to change: <li id="id1" class="authorlist" /> <li id="id2" class="authorlist" /> <li id="id3" class="authorlist" /> to <option id="id1" class="authorlist" /> <option id="id2" class="authorlist" /> <option id="id3" class="authorlist" /> I think I have the pattern correct, but not sure how to do the replacement part... Here is the (wordpress) php code: $string = wp_list_authors( $args ); //returns list as noted above $pattern = '<li ([^>]*)'; $replacement = '?????'; echo preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $string); Suggestions, please?

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• Restricting URL w.r.t HTTP method and setting different authentication mechanism for each

  - by user31745

  I shall start with an example. I want to restrict to POST requests only for http://path/to/logical/abc.xml and restrict to GET only for http://path/to/logical/def.xml. How do I put constraints like this as the paths are logical and location directive is not supported in .htaccess? The actual problem is to set different authentication type(basic, digest) on diff logical file.for eg. for abc.xml I want to authenticate for Basic type of authentication and def.xml with digest.

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• Define a class dynamically?

  - by Pekka

  Is there a way to dynamically and conditionally create a class definition in PHP, i.e. if (condition matches) include file containing class definition else class myclass extends ancestor_class { .................... } without eval()? My background is the accepted answer to this question. I am looking for the best way to build a untouchable core library, with user-defined empty classes extending the core library if necessary. I want to create the final class definition "on the fly" if there is no user-defined empty class for a certain ancestor class.

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• Wrapper iterator class for stl associative containers

  C++ librairy to facilitate usage of the STL algorithms and BOOST_FOREACH with Pair Associative Containers ( map, unordered_map )

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• How i call NSObject method in UIViewController class method?

  - by Rajendra Bhole

  Hi,I am the beginner in iphone development. I develop an application in which i calling some GPS related information(method name is getGPSInformation{}) in clsGPS{} is an pure NSObject class.The code is as follows, import "clsGPS.h" -(void)getGPSInformation { locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc ] init]; locationManager.delegate = self; locationManager.distanceFilter = 5.0f; locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyNearestTenMeters; [locationManager startUpdatingLocation]; } I want the above method calling in UIViewController class. How i call this method in UIViewController class from that i automatically call this method at application launching time? should i calling that method in viewDidLoad event or viewWillAppear method?

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• ZF Autoloader to load ancestor and requested class

  - by Pekka

  I am integrating Zend Framework into an existing application. I want to switch the application over to Zend's autoloading mechanism to replace dozens of include() statements. I have a specific requirement for the autoloading mechanism, though. Allow me to elaborate. The existing application uses a core library (independent from ZF), for example: /Core/Library/authentication.php /Core/Library/translation.php /Core/Library/messages.php this core library is to remain untouched at all times and serves a number of applications. The library contains classes like class ancestor_authentication { ... } class ancestor_translation { ... } class ancestor_messages { ... } in the application, there is also a Library directory: /App/Library/authentication.php /App/Library/translation.php /App/Library/messages.php these includes extend the ancestor classes and are the ones that actually get instantiated in the application. class authentication extends ancestor_authentication { } class translation extends ancestor_translation { } class messages extends ancestor_messages { } usually, these class definitions are empty. They simply extend their ancestors and provide the class name to instantiate. $authentication = new authentication(); The purpose of this solution is to be able to easily customize aspects of the application without having to patch the core libraries. Now, the autoloader I need would have to be aware of this structure. When an object of the class authentication is requested, the autoloader would have to: 1. load /Core/Library/authentication.php 2. load /App/Library/authentication.php My current approach would be creating a custom function, and binding that to Zend_Loader_Autoloader for a specific namespace prefix. Is there already a way to do this in Zend that I am overlooking? The accepted answer in this question kind of implies there is, but that may be just a bad choice of wording. Are there extensions to the Zend Autoloader that do this? Can you - I am new to ZF - think of an elegant way, conforming with the spirit of the framework, of extending the Autoloader with this functionality? I'm not necessary looking for a ready-made implementation, some pointers (This should be an extension to the xyz method that you would call like this...) would already be enough.

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• Easy Method to Change Color on UI Elements

  - by A13X

  This isn't a language-specific thing as far as I'm concerned. I was wondering what may be a quick way to change the COLOR of a certain on-screen element such as a button and its associated text. I would assume there is a trick to making a graphics engine so maybe individuals pixels or groups of sprites can have their colors easily shifted. A lot of game interface buttons and such have this so you know when an event like a click has occurred. Any pseudo code would be helpful and I am working in Android (not XML fluff), but again, this probably is not a very specific question, just an inquiry on how to go about this.

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