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• /dev/shm (shared memory) on linux

  - by Kirzilla

  Hello, Let's imagine that we have 8Gb of RAM on server. I'm mounting /dev/shm with 4Gb on board. mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm Will this memory be strictly reserved for shared memory or if /dev/shm is empty this memory could be used by regular applications (web server, php etc.)? PS:Sorry for my English. I'm asking it because I've just checked df -h and found tmpfs 6.0G 0 6.0G 0% /dev/shm on 8Gb RAM sever. I don't know who made this setup, but it seems to me awful. Thank you!

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• Setting a mail server without root?

  - by Legend

  Is it possible to setup a mail server on a Linux machine without root permissions? I want to be able to create two aliases for a given mail ID. But if I remember correctly, it is no possible to do this without root privileges because I need to edit the configuration file and then restart the mail server. Does anyone have a suggestion to get around this problem?

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• Sed: Deleting all content matching a pattern

  - by Svish

  I have some plist files on mac os x that I would like to shrink. They have a lot of <dict> with <key> and values. One of these keys is a thumbnail which has a <data> value with base64 encoded binary (I think). I would like to remove this key and value. I was thinking this could maybe be done by sed, but I don't really know how to use it and it seems like sed only works on a line-by-line basis? Either way I was hoping someone could help me out. In the file I would like to delete everything that matches the following pattern or something close to that: <key>Thumbnail<\/key>[^<]*<\/data> In the file it looks like this: // Other keys and values <key>Thumbnail</key> <data> TU0AKgAAOEi25Pqx3/ip2fak0vOdzPCVxu2RweuPv+mLu+mIt+aGtuaEtOSB ... dCBBcHBsZSBDb21wdXRlciwgSW5jLiwgMjAwNQAAAAA= </data> // Other keys and values Anyone know how I could do this? Also, if there are any better tools that I can use in the terminal to do this, I would like to know about that as well :)

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• Store system passwords with easy and secure access

  - by CodeShining

  I'm having to handle several VPS/services and I always set passwords to be different and random. What kind of storage do you suggest to keep these passwords safe and let me access them easily? These passwords are used for services like databases, webserver user and so on that run customers' services, so it's really important to keep them in a safe place and strong. I'm actually storing them in a google drive spreadsheet file, describing user, password, role, service. Do you know of better solutions? I'd like to keep them on a remote service to make sure I don't have to make backup copies (in case my hdd would fail somehow). I do work on *nix platforms (so windows specific solutions are not a choice here).

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• c shell environment variable error: "Bad : modifier in $"

  - by Marshall Ward

  Hi, I am using tcsh and define an environmental variable as follows: setenv mycomp [email protected] so that when I need to copy files from the remote my.computer.com, I type the following: scp $mycomp:sourcepath destpath But when I do this, I get the following error: "Bad : modifier in $ (m)." where (m) is the first character after the colon. What is this error telling me, and how can I fix it?

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• Mount a tar file - not possible?

  - by leonbloy

  It seems one cannot mount a tar file (read only), similarly as one mounts an ISO image file. At least, I have not found any implementation. It would be useful, for example to run a find command inside. Is this really (or practically) impossible to implement? Why?

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• GNU Screen: one window per screen or one screen with multiple windows?

  - by yalestar

  I've inherited a few sys admin tasks recently and am trying to wrap my head around using screen. The way the previous guy left it, there are four screen sessions running, some of which have two or three windows running within. It doesn't appear that he was using any particular convention, so I ask you: Is it better to have each process in its own screen session, or better to group similar processes into a single screen? Or something different entirely?

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• Unable to sunchronize local and remote directories ("set times: Operation not permitted")

  - by Tom Auger

  I'm running into FTP errors using software like NetBeans or WinSCP: whenever I attempt to perform a synchronization or update of files from local -- server I get errors on the client saying "set times: Operation not permitted". This is clearly an issue with the way I've configured my Fedora installation. The user that I'm logging in with cannot touch -t any of these files, though he IS part of a group that has r/w access on the files. I do have root / sudo access to this server. What I would like to know is: a) is it likely that this problem would be solved by allowing my FTP user to "touch -t" these files b) how do I enable a certain user to be able to set timestamps on files without giving them ownership of the files (certain of these files need to be owned by Apache, for instance, so I don't want to chown them). Thanks in advance.

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• What do these acronyms stand for ?

  - by Luc M

  Some directories are easy to understand the meaning /usr /bin ... But for the next ones, I have no idea. /etc /opt opt for optionnal ? etc for electronic t...... configuration (no idea for t) I would like to know what these acronyms are meaning

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• Transfer disk image to larger/smaller disk

  - by forthrin

  I need to switch the hard drive on a 2006 iMac to a new SSD. I don't have the original installation CDs. I know I can order CDs from Apple, but this costs money. Someone told me it's possible to rip the image of the old drive and transfer to the new drive. If so, does the size of the new drive have to be exactly the same as the old? If not, my questions are: Is it possible to "stretch" the image from 120 MB disk to a 256 MB disk (numbers are examples)? If so, what is the command line for this? Likewise, is it possible to "shrink" an image from a larger disk (eg. 256 MB) to a smaller disk (eg. 120 MB), provided that the actual space used on the disk does not exceed 120 MB? How do you do this on the command line?

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• *Why* does using /dev/null in find/grep display the file name?

  - by Jonathan

  find . -name "*.java" -exec grep "foo" {} \; This just prints matches, no file name. find . -name "*.java" -exec grep "foo" /dev/null {} \; But this prints file name as well. Why? What are the mechanics of find/grep that cause file name to print when /dev/null is inserted into the mix? PS - yes, I know I can do "grep -H"

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• Which way is the fastest to `dd` to the last 512 kilobytes of disk

  - by teerapap

  I have a 512G disk and I want to clear the last 512k bytes at the end of the disk. I usually clear it by dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 the whole disk. Which way is the fastest to do this operation?

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• how to change the existing printed line in AWK

  - by manimaran

  Hi, when i execute the following line, its prints the words in newline. awk 'BEGIN { print "line one\nline two\nline three" }' like line one line two line three How can i print the info in the same line with flush the existing line. For example, while executing the loop, it should print 'one' then wipe out the line and prints 'two' then wipe out the line and prints 'three' etc. can you please assist me?

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• How to copy a file to a remote server using the command line?

  - by cool_cs

  I am trying to copy a file from my desktop to my remote server using the sudo command. I am doing this from the remote machine since I know the password for this machine and I do not have a password for my local machine. sudo scp donj@localhost:/Desktop/my.cnf user@remotemachine:/app/MySQL/my.cnf This does not work however. I want to overwrite the my.cnf file in the MySQL directory. I tried the su command but I do not have the password to become a super user.

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• Open file without specifying exact location

  - by person

  Say I have a file in some obscure directory that I want to open and edit. I don't want to do something like this... vim ~/foo/bar/blah/doh/ugh.txt I'd rather be able to say find this file and open it. I know there are commands like locate and find to find a file or directory, but I'm not sure whether these can (or even should) be utilized in what I'm trying to do. Basically, what is the simplest way to open a file with a program w/o specifying its exact location? (In cases where there isn't another file with the same name in the entire system, and cases where there are multiple).

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• How to batch edit a list of files?

  - by user43144

  I have a list of files where I need to remove some lines that have been added yesterday by a spambot. The section I want to remove looks like this: ^M <script>[...] bunch of malware code [...]</script> That section seems to have been appended to the files, so I can be relatively sure it's the last lines of each file that contain this part. Now I know a bit of Linux, but not enough to do this via a command. How would I go about and do this?

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• setting up repositories for users, what does this entail?

  - by homestead

  Say I wanted to setup a server, where I could create GIT repositories for users. I would only give them access via SSH. I would need to restrict them to say 100megs or 1 gig etc. Is this a complicated setup or one of the more straight forward setups?

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• sudoers entries

  - by Pochi

  Is there a way to have a sudoers entry that allows executing of only a particular command, without any extra arguments? I can't seem to find a resource that describes how command matching works with sudoers. Say I want to grant sudo for /path/to/executable arg. Does an entry like the following: user ALL=(ALL) /path/to/executable arg strictly allow sudo access to a command exactly matching that? That is, it doesn't grant user sudo privileges for /path/to/executable arg arg2?

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• cp -u is illegal on mac. What are the alternatives?

  - by Barnabas Szabolcs

  I have a MacbookPro Lion, and I have tried to archive my files that is tried to copy and overwrite if the source is newer than the destination. I tried the following command cp -u source destination but it says, -u is illegal. I also did not find --update or -u in the man cp. Can you please help, what can I do in this situation? [I have the question moved over here from SO, so feel free to answer it once more. I hope this is the right way of dealing with this]

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• Started an application through SSH, command line now gone, what happens next?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Context: This is a very basic question Using Putty and SSH for the first time to do some serious server setup and run into the situation where I have started a process that I do not want to stop. The process is the gunicorn WSGI HTTP Server (running on Centos 6.3). The command I used to start the process is (as per their Quick Start): gunicorn -w 4 myapp:app At this point in the work session, I have lost the command prompt. This must be such a non-issue that it doesn't even enter into an experienced user's consciousness. But unfortunately at my level of experience, I am left with several fundamental questions: Does the fact that I have lost the command prompt mean that the process is still running? How do I get back to the command prompt without killing the process? How do I come back and monitor the process later? How do I eventually kill the process? Any help is appreciated, thanks so much!

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• logrotation with ldap

  - by user1663896

  I need to setup ldap logging with logrotate but I heard there are issues with ldap and syslog concerning log rotation. Here is my logrotate config file for ldap, please take a look to see if it's properly configured: /var/log/openldap.log { size 1k ifempty rotate 4 compress sharedscripts missingok olddir /var/log/old_ldap_logs postrotate /etc/init.d/slapd restart endscript }

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• Is there a way to determine what time a process was started on a Linux server?

  - by braveterry

  ps -ef shows the date that the process started. I'd like to see the date and the time if possible.

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• How to start a local server and open it in a browser from a shell script

  - by davidchambers

  I have a test suite which runs in a browser (using QUnit, though that's unimportant). The test suite requires a local server running on a particular port. Running the tests currently involves a few steps: node test/server switch to browser of choice open localhost:3000 I'd like to have a single command which starts the server then runs open localhost:3000. Ideally, the node process would remain in the foreground so it could be killed with ^C. I don't have a good understanding of subshells, so I'm not sure whether this is possible.

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• DHCP server can't see other machines

  - by William

  Hi, I setup a private network from virtual machines and one of the machines is the DHCP server for the group. I want to specify a next-server for the DHCP server but I'm having trouble connecting to any of the machines that I lease IPs to. I'm just trying to do a simple ping/ssh to 10.0.0.252 (a machine with a lease) but it doesn't seem to respond. Any advice? I'm assuming I need to be able to connect to my next-server but maybe I'm wrong. Thanks.

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• locale: What is the LANGUAGE variable used for? (and when?)

  - by seya

  I am trying to understand the locales used in Linux. On my Ubuntu 11.10 system locale puts out the following: LANG=en_DK.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_GB:en LC_CTYPE=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_TIME="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_MONETARY="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.UTF-8 LC_PAPER="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_NAME="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_DK.UTF-8" LC_ALL= (en_dk is for using international day format, continental European number formatting (1.234,56) etc.) I think I understand what the LC_* family does, that LANG is the fallback if one of them is not set and that LC_ALL sets all of the LC_* variables to its value. What I don't know yet, is what LANGUAGE is used for. The notation en_GB:en reminds me of the Accept-Language HTTP header. With the settings above it would mean, British English is used, if a translation for it exists. Otherwise any existing English translation (en_US, en_AU, ..., whatever) would be used. Am I right so far? Also what programs actually obey the LANGUAGE setting? In how far is it different from LC_MESSAGES? Unfortunately, man locale only documents the LC_* family. And searching the web for 'linux locale LANGUAGE' or similar is a mute point. (Of course language is a word often used when talking about locales, and it may also be shown just in the output of locale without being discussed). Does anybody of you can help me out there?

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