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  • Why is my simple python gtk+cairo program running so slowly/stutteringly?

    - by synapz
    My program draws circles moving on the window. I think I must be missing some basic gtk/cairo concept because it seems to be running too slowly/stutteringly for what I am doing. Any ideas? Thanks for any help! #!/usr/bin/python import gtk import gtk.gdk as gdk import math import random import gobject # The number of circles and the window size. num = 128 size = 512 # Initialize circle coordinates and velocities. x = [] y = [] xv = [] yv = [] for i in range(num): x.append(random.randint(0, size)) y.append(random.randint(0, size)) xv.append(random.randint(-4, 4)) yv.append(random.randint(-4, 4)) # Draw the circles and update their positions. def expose(*args): cr = darea.window.cairo_create() cr.set_line_width(4) for i in range(num): cr.set_source_rgb(1, 0, 0) cr.arc(x[i], y[i], 8, 0, 2 * math.pi) cr.stroke_preserve() cr.set_source_rgb(1, 1, 1) cr.fill() x[i] += xv[i] y[i] += yv[i] if x[i] > size or x[i] < 0: xv[i] = -xv[i] if y[i] > size or y[i] < 0: yv[i] = -yv[i] # Self-evident? def timeout(): darea.queue_draw() return True # Initialize the window. window = gtk.Window() window.resize(size, size) window.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit) darea = gtk.DrawingArea() darea.connect("expose-event", expose) window.add(darea) window.show_all() # Self-evident? gobject.idle_add(timeout) gtk.main()

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  • python os.mkfifo() for Windows

    - by user302099
    Hello. Short version (if you can answer the short version it does the job for me, the rest is mainly for the benefit of other people with a similar task): In python in Windows, I want to create 2 file objects, attached to the same file (it doesn't have to be an actual file on the hard-drive), one for reading and one for writing, such that if the reading end tries to read it will never get EOF (it will just block until something is written). I think in linux os.mkfifo() would do the job, but in Windows it doesn't exist. What can be done? (I must use file-objects). Some extra details: I have a python module (not written by me) that plays a certain game through stdin and stdout (using raw_input() and print). I also have a Windows executable playing the same game, through stdin and stdout as well. I want to make them play one against the other, and log all their communication. Here's the code I can write (the get_fifo() function is not implemented, because that's what I don't know to do it Windows): class Pusher(Thread): def __init__(self, source, dest, p1, name): Thread.__init__(self) self.source = source self.dest = dest self.name = name self.p1 = p1 def run(self): while (self.p1.poll()==None) and\ (not self.source.closed) and (not self.source.closed): line = self.source.readline() logging.info('%s: %s' % (self.name, line[:-1])) self.dest.write(line) self.dest.flush() exe_to_pythonmodule_reader, exe_to_pythonmodule_writer =\ get_fifo() pythonmodule_to_exe_reader, pythonmodule_to_exe_writer =\ get_fifo() p1 = subprocess.Popen(exe, shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) old_stdin = sys.stdin old_stdout = sys.stdout sys.stdin = exe_to_pythonmodule_reader sys.stdout = pythonmodule_to_exe_writer push1 = Pusher(p1.stdout, exe_to_pythonmodule_writer, p1, '1') push2 = Pusher(pythonmodule_to_exe_reader, p1.stdin, p1, '2') push1.start() push2.start() ret = pythonmodule.play() sys.stdin = old_stdin sys.stdout = old_stdout

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  • Is There a Better Way to Feed Different Parameters into Functions with If-Statements?

    - by FlowofSoul
    I've been teaching myself Python for a little while now, and I've never programmed before. I just wrote a basic backup program that writes out the progress of each individual file while it is copying. I wrote a function that determines buffer size so that smaller files are copied with a smaller buffer, and bigger files are copied with a bigger buffer. The way I have the code set up now doesn't seem very efficient, as there is an if loop that then leads to another if loops, creating four options, and they all just call the same function with different parameters. import os import sys def smartcopy(filestocopy, dest_path, show_progress = False): """Determines what buffer size to use with copy() Setting show_progress to True calls back display_progress()""" #filestocopy is a list of dictionaries for the files needed to be copied #dictionaries are used as the fullpath, st_mtime, and size are needed if len(filestocopy.keys()) == 0: return None #Determines average file size for which buffer to use average_size = 0 for key in filestocopy.keys(): average_size += int(filestocopy[key]['size']) average_size = average_size/len(filestocopy.keys()) #Smaller buffer for smaller files if average_size < 1024*10000: #Buffer sizes determined by informal tests on my laptop if show_progress: for key in filestocopy.keys(): #dest_path+key is the destination path, as the key is the relative path #and the dest_path is the top level folder copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, callback = lambda pos, total: display_progress(pos, total, key)) else: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, callback = None) #Bigger buffer for bigger files else: if show_progress: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, 1024*2600, callback = lambda pos, total: display_progress(pos, total, key)) else: for key in filestocopy.keys(): copy(filestocopy[key]['fullpath'], dest_path+key, 1024*2600) def display_progress(pos, total, filename): percent = round(float(pos)/float(total)*100,2) if percent <= 100: sys.stdout.write(filename + ' - ' + str(percent)+'% \r') else: percent = 100 sys.stdout.write(filename + ' - Completed \n') Is there a better way to accomplish what I'm doing? Sorry if the code is commented poorly or hard to follow. I didn't want to ask someone to read through all 120 lines of my poorly written code, so I just isolated the two functions. Thanks for any help.

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  • Help with active record relations

    - by Christian Fazzini
    class CreateActivities < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :activities do |t| t.references :user t.references :media t.integer :artist_id t.string :type t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :activities end end class Fan < Activity belongs_to :user, :counter_cache => true end class Activity < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :media belongs_to :artist, :class_name => 'User', :foreign_key => 'artist_id' end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :activities has_many :fans end I tried changing my activity model too, without any success: class Activity < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :activities, :class_name => 'User', :foreign_key => 'user_id' has_many :activities, :class_name => 'User', :foreign_key => 'artist_id' end One thing to note. Activity is an STI. Fan inherits from Activity. In console, I do: # Create a fan object. User is a fan of himself fan = Fan.new => #<Fan id: nil, user_id: nil, media_id: nil, artist_id: nil, type: "Fan", comment: nil, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil> # Assign a user object fan.user = User.first => #<User id: 1, genre_id: 1, country_id: 1, .... # Assign an artist object fan.artist_id = User.first.id => 1 # Save the fan object fan.save! => true Activity.last => #<Fan id: 13, user_id: 1, media_id: nil, artist_id: 1, type: "Fan", comment: nil, created_at: "2010-12-30 08:41:25", updated_at: "2010-12-30 08:41:25"> Activity.last.user => #<User id: 1, genre_id: 1, country_id: 1, ..... But... Activity.last.artist => nil Why is Activity.last.artist returning nil?

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  • sqlalchemy dynamic mapping

    - by adancu
    Hi, I have the following problem: I have the class: class Word(object): def __init__(self): self.id = None self.columns = {} def __str__(self): return "(%s, %s)" % (str(self.id), str(self.columns)) self.columns is a dict which will hold (columnName:columnValue) values. The name of the columns are known at runtime and they are loaded in a wordColumns list, for example wordColumns = ['english', 'korean', 'romanian'] wordTable = Table('word', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key = True) ) for columnName in wordColumns: wordTable.append_column(Column(columnName, String(255), nullable = False)) I even created a explicit mapper properties to "force" the table columns to be mapped on word.columns[columnName], instead of word.columnName, I don't get any error on mapping, but it seems that doesn't work. mapperProperties = {} for column in wordColumns: mapperProperties['columns[\'%']' % column] = wordTable.columns[column] mapper(Word, wordTable, mapperProperties) When I load a word object, SQLAlchemy creates an object which has the word.columns['english'], word.columns['korean'] etc. properties instead of loading them into word.columns dict. So for each column, it creates a new property. Moreover word.columns dictionary doesn't even exists. The same way, when I try to persist a word, SQLAlchemy expects to find the column values in properties named like word.columns['english'] (string type) instead of the dictionary word.columns. I have to say that my experience with Python and SQLAlchemy is quite limited, maybe it isn't possible to do what I'm trying to do. Any help appreciated, Thanks in advance.

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  • Nested Resource testing RSpec

    - by Joseph DelCioppio
    I have two models: class Solution < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :owner, :class_name => "User", :foreign_key => :user_id end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :solutions end with the following routing: map.resources :users, :has_many => :solutions and here is the SolutionsController: class SolutionsController < ApplicationController before_filter :load_user def index @solutions = @user.solutions end private def load_user @user = User.find(params[:user_id]) unless params[:user_id].nil? end end Can anybody help me with writing a test for the index action? So far I have tried the following but it doesn't work: describe SolutionsController do before(:each) do @user = Factory.create(:user) @solutions = 7.times{Factory.build(:solution, :owner => @user)} @user.stub!(:solutions).and_return(@solutions) end it "should find all of the solutions owned by a user" do @user.should_receive(:solutions) get :index, :user_id => @user.id end end And I get the following error: Spec::Mocks::MockExpectationError in 'SolutionsController GET index, when the user owns the software he is viewing should find all of the solutions owned by a user' #<User:0x000000041c53e0> expected :solutions with (any args) once, but received it 0 times Thanks in advance for all the help. Joe

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  • Specifying different initial values for fields in inherited models (django)

    - by Shawn Chin
    Question : What is the recommended way to specify an initial value for fields if one uses model inheritance and each child model needs to have different default values when rendering a ModelForm? Take for example the following models where CompileCommand and TestCommand both need different initial values when rendered as ModelForm. # ------ models.py class ShellCommand(models.Model): command = models.Charfield(_("command"), max_length=100) arguments = models.Charfield(_("arguments"), max_length=100) class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default command should be "make" class TestCommand(ShellCommand): # ... default: command = "make", arguments = "test" I am aware that one can used the initial={...} argument when instantiating the form, however I would rather store the initial values within the context of the model (or at least within the associated ModelForm). My current approach What I'm doing at the moment is storing an initial value dict within Meta, and checking for it in my views. # ----- forms.py class CompileCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = CompileCommand initial_values = {"command":"make"} class TestCommandForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = TestCommand initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"} # ------ in views FORM_LOOKUP = { "compile": CompileCommandFomr, "test": TestCommandForm } CmdForm = FORM_LOOKUP.get(command_type, None) # ... initial = getattr(CmdForm, "initial_values", {}) form = CmdForm(initial=initial) This feels too much like a hack. I am eager for a more generic / better way to achieve this. Suggestions appreciated. Other attempts I have toyed around with overriding the constructor for the submodels: class CompileCommand(ShellCommand): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): kwargs.setdefault('command', "make") super(CompileCommand, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) and this works when I try to create an object from the shell: >>> c = CompileCommand(name="xyz") >>> c.save() <CompileCommand: 123> >>> c.command 'make' However, this does not set the default value when the associated ModelForm is rendered, which unfortunately is what I'm trying to achieve. Update 2 (looks promising) I now have the following in forms.py which allow me to set Meta.default_initial_values without needing extra code in views. class ModelFormWithDefaults(forms.ModelForm): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if hasattr(self.Meta, "default_initial_values"): kwargs.setdefault("initial", self.Meta.default_initial_values) super(ModelFormWithDefaults, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class TestCommandForm(ModelFormWithDefaults): class Meta: model = TestCommand default_initial_values = {"command":"make", "arguments":"test"}

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  • SQLAlchemy Mapping problem

    - by asdvalkn
    Dear Everyone, I am trying to sqlalchemy to correctly map my data. Note that a unified group is basically a group of groups. (One unifiedGroup maps to many groups but each group can only map to one ug). So basically this is the definition of my unifiedGroups: CREATE TABLE `unifiedGroups` ( `ugID` INT AUTO_INCREMENT, `gID` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(`ugID`, `gID`), KEY( `gID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; Note that each row is a ugID, gID tuple. ( I do not know before hand how many gID is per ugID so this is probably the most sensible and simplest method). Definition for my UnifiedGroup class class UnifiedGroup(object): """UnifiedProduct behaves very much like a group """ def __init__(self, ugID): self.ugID=ugID #Added by mapping self.groups=False def __str__(self): return '<%s:%s>' % (self.ugID, ','.join( [g for g in self.groups])) These are my mapping tables: tb_groupsInfo = Table( 'groupsInfo', metadata, Column('gID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gName', String(128)), ) tb_unifiedGroups = Table( 'unifiedGroups', metadata, Column('ugID', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('gID', Integer, ForeignKey('groupsInfo.gID')), ) My mapper maps in the following manner: mapper( UnifiedGroup, tb_unifiedGroups, properties={ 'groups': relation( Group, backref='unifiedGroup') }) However, when I tried to do groupInstance.unifiedGroup, I am getting an empty list [], while groupInstance.unifiedGroup.groups returns me an error: AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' Traceback (most recent call last): File "Mapping.py", line 119, in <module> print p.group.unifiedGroup.groups AttributeError: 'InstrumentedList' object has no attribute 'groups' What is wrong?

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  • How to test routes that don't include controller?

    - by Darren Green
    I'm using minitest in Rails to do testing, but I'm running into a problem that I hope a more seasoned tester can help me out with because I've tried looking everywhere for the answer, but it doesn't seem that anyone has run into this problem or if they have, they opted for an integration test. Let's say I have a controller called Foo and action in it called bar. So the foo_controller.rb file looks like this: class FooController < ApplicationController def bar render 'bar', :layout => 'application' end end The thing is that I don't want people to access the "foo/bar" route directly. So I have a route that is get 'baz' => 'foo#bar'. Now I want to test the FooController: require 'minitest_helper' class FooControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase def test_should_get_index get '/baz' end end But the test results in an error that No route matches {:controller=>"foo", :action=>"/baz"}. How do I specify the controller for the GET request? Sorry if this is a dumb question. It's been very hard for me to find the answer.

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  • Efficient way to maintain a sorted list of access counts in Python

    - by David
    Let's say I have a list of objects. (All together now: "I have a list of objects.") In the web application I'm writing, each time a request comes in, I pick out up to one of these objects according to unspecified criteria and use it to handle the request. Basically like this: def handle_request(req): for h in handlers: if h.handles(req): return h return None Assuming the order of the objects in the list is unimportant, I can cut down on unnecessary iterations by keeping the list sorted such that the most frequently used (or perhaps most recently used) objects are at the front. I know this isn't something to be concerned about - it'll make only a miniscule, undetectable difference in the app's execution time - but debugging the rest of the code is driving me crazy and I need a distraction :) so I'm asking out of curiosity: what is the most efficient way to maintain the list in sorted order, descending, by the number of times each handler is chosen? The obvious solution is to make handlers a list of (count, handler) pairs, and each time a handler is chosen, increment the count and resort the list. def handle_request(req): for h in handlers[:]: if h[1].handles(req): h[0] += 1 handlers.sort(reverse=True) return h[1] return None But since there's only ever going to be at most one element out of order, and I know which one it is, it seems like some sort of optimization should be possible. Is there something in the standard library, perhaps, that is especially well-suited to this task? Or some other data structure? (Even if it's not implemented in Python) Or should/could I be doing something completely different?

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • Domain validates but won't save

    - by marko
    I have the following setup. Class, say, Car that has a CarPart (belongsTo=[car:Car]). When I'm creating a Car I also want to create som default CarParts, so I do def car = new Car(bla bla bla) def part = new CarPart(car:car) Now, when I do car.validate() or part.validate() it seems fine. But when I do if(car.save && part.save() I get this exception: 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, car_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - ERROR: value too long for type character varying(6) 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR events.PatchedDefaultFlushEventListener - Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.DataException: Could not execute JDBC batch update Stacktrace follows: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, deal_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement$BatchResultHandler.handleError(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2621) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1837) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:407) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeBatch(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2754) at $Proxy20.flush(Unknown Source) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy:109) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Any ideas?

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  • Best Functional Approach

    - by dbyrne
    I have some mutable scala code that I am trying to rewrite in a more functional style. It is a fairly intricate piece of code, so I am trying to refactor it in pieces. My first thought was this: def iterate(count:Int,d:MyComplexType) = { //Generate next value n //Process n causing some side effects return iterate(count - 1, n) } This didn't seem functional at all to me, since I still have side effects mixed throughout my code. My second thought was this: def generateStream(d:MyComplexType):Stream[MyComplexType] = { //Generate next value n return Stream.cons(n, generateStream(n)) } for (n <- generateStream(initialValue).take(2000000)) { //process n causing some side effects } This seemed like a better solution to me, because at least I've isolated my functional value-generation code from the mutable value-processing code. However, this is much less memory efficient because I am generating a large list that I don't really need to store. This leaves me with 3 choices: Write a tail-recursive function, bite the bullet and refactor the value-processing code Use a lazy list. This is not a memory sensitive app (although it is performance sensitive) Come up with a new approach. I guess what I really want is a lazily evaluated sequence where I can discard the values after I've processed them. Any suggestions?

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  • In Rails, a Sweeper isn't getting called in a Model-only setup

    - by charliepark
    I'm working on a Rails app, where I'm using page caching to store static html output. The caching works fine. I'm having trouble expiring the caches, though. I believe my problem is, in part, because I'm not expiring the cache from my controller. All of the actions necessary for this are being handled within the model. This seems like it should be doable, but all of the references to Model-based cache expiration that I'm finding seem to be out of date, or are otherwise not working. In my environment.rb file, I'm calling config.load_paths += %W( #{RAILS_ROOT}/app/sweepers ) And I have, in the /sweepers folder, a LinkSweeper file: class LinkSweeper < ActionController::Caching::Sweeper observe Link def after_update(link) clear_links_cache(link) end def clear_links_cache(link) # expire_page :controller => 'links', :action => 'show', :md5 => link.md5 expire_page '/l/'+ link.md5 + '.html' end end So ... why isn't it deleting the cached page when I update the model? (Process: using script/console, I'm selecting items from the database and saving them, but their corresponding pages aren't deleting from the cache), and I'm also calling the specific method in the Link model that would normally invoke the sweeper. Neither works. If it matters, the cached file is an md5 hash off a key value in the Links table. The cached page is getting stored as something like /l/45ed4aade64d427...99919cba2bd90f.html. Essentially, it seems as though the Sweeper isn't actually observing the Link. I also read (here) that it might be possible to simply add the sweeper to config.active_record.observers in environment.rb, but that didn't seem to do it (and I wasn't sure if the load_path of app/sweepers in environment.rb obviated that).

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  • Problems with Threading in Python 2.5, KeyError: 51, Help debugging?

    - by vignesh-k
    I have a python script which runs a particular script large number of times (for monte carlo purpose) and the way I have scripted it is that, I queue up the script the desired number of times it should be run then I spawn threads and each thread runs the script once and again when its done. Once the script in a particular thread is finished, the output is written to a file by accessing a lock (so my guess was that only one thread accesses the lock at a given time). Once the lock is released by one thread, the next thread accesses it and adds its output to the previously written file and rewrites it. I am not facing a problem when the number of iterations is small like 10 or 20 but when its large like 50 or 150, python returns a KeyError: 51 telling me element doesn't exist and the error it points out to is within the lock which puzzles me since only one thread should access the lock at once and I do not expect an error. This is the class I use: class errorclass(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, queue): self.__queue=queue threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): while 1: item = self.__queue.get() if item is None: break result = myfunction() lock = threading.RLock() lock.acquire() ADD entries from current thread to entries in file and REWRITE FILE lock.release() queue = Queue.Queue() for i in range(threads): errorclass(queue).start() for i in range(desired iterations): queue.put(i) for i in range(threads): queue.put(None) Python returns with KeyError: 51 for large number of desired iterations during the adding/write file operation after lock access, I am wondering if this is the correct way to use the lock since every thread has a lock operation rather than every thread accessing a shared lock? What would be the way to rectify this?

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  • Rails upload file to ftp server

    - by Bob
    I'm on Rails 2.3.5 and Ruby 1.8.6 and trying to figure out how to let a user upload a file to a FTP server on a different machine than my Rails app. Also my Rails app will be hosted on Heroku which doesn't facilitate the writing of files to the local filesystem. index.html.erb <% form_tag '/ftp/upload', :method => :post, :multipart => true do %> <label for="file">File to Upload</label> <%= file_field_tag "file" %> <%= submit_tag 'Upload' %> <% end %> ftp_controller.rb require 'net/ftp' class FtpController < ApplicationController def upload file = params[:file] ftp = Net::FTP.new('remote-ftp-server') ftp.login(user = "***", passwd = "***") ftp.puttextfile(file.read, File.basename(file.original_filename)) ftp.quit() end def index end end Currently I'm just trying to get the Rails app to work on my Windows laptop. With the above code, I'm getting this error Errno::ENOENT in FtpController#upload No such file or directory -.... followed by a dump of the file contents Anyone knows what's going on?

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  • Adding Categories to my Articles in my Rails app (Small Help)

    - by user214038
    I'm currently building a semi-small ruby app for a project. The problem I'm currently facing is the following: I want to be Able to fit the Article into the Categories. I've already accomplish this by having two models. An article model with a foreign key of category_id and my Category model with the name of the category. With a has_one and belogs_to relationship. (We're assuming you can only fit an article into one category). Here's the piece of code. This is the new method, where i create a new article and load up all the categories. def new @article = Article.new @categories = Category.find(:all) end The problem comes when i try to get the category from a combo box in order to insert it along with the article. This is the combo box code : f.select(:category_id,@categories) And this is the create method: def create @category = Category.find(params[:id]) @article = @category.articles.new(params[:article]) if @article.save flash[:notice] = "Article Submitted Sucessfully" redirect_to user_path else render :action = 'new' end end I believe that the problem i have is in this line when i try to load up the selected category "@category = Category.find(params[:id])" because whenever i hardcode the this line into @category = Category.find(1) It Works perfectly

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  • Are there equivalents to Ruby's method_missing in other languages?

    - by Justin Ethier
    In Ruby, objects have a handy method called method_missing which allows one to handle method calls for methods that have not even been (explicitly) defined: Invoked by Ruby when obj is sent a message it cannot handle. symbol is the symbol for the method called, and args are any arguments that were passed to it. By default, the interpreter raises an error when this method is called. However, it is possible to override the method to provide more dynamic behavior. The example below creates a class Roman, which responds to methods with names consisting of roman numerals, returning the corresponding integer values. class Roman def romanToInt(str) # ... end def method_missing(methId) str = methId.id2name romanToInt(str) end end r = Roman.new r.iv #=> 4 r.xxiii #=> 23 r.mm #=> 2000 For example, Ruby on Rails uses this to allow calls to methods such as find_by_my_column_name. My question is, what other languages support an equivalent to method_missing, and how do you implement the equivalent in your code?

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  • Google App engine Url Mapping using WSGIAppl and regx grouping Help Needed

    - by spidee
    Hi take this example from google docs class BrowseHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): > def get(self, category, product_id): > # Display product with given ID in the given category. > > > # Map URLs like /browse/(category)/(product_id) to > BrowseHandler. application = > webapp.WSGIApplication([(r'/browse/(.*)/(.*)', > BrowseHandler) > ], > debug=True) > > def main(): > run_wsgi_app(application) > > if __name__ == '__main__': > main() How can i change the regx groupings so that Product id is optional ie the url http://yourdomain.com/category will be sent to the browse handler in the current above example you must add a product id or at least the / after the category ie http://yourdomain.com/category/ r'/browse/(.)/(.)' Any ideas?

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  • Writing an auto-memoizer in Scheme. Help with macro and a wrapper.

    - by kunjaan
    I am facing a couple of problems while writing an auto-memoizer in Scheme. I have a working memoizer function, which creats a hash table and checks if the value is already computed. If it has been computed before then it returns the value else it calls the function. (define (memoizer fun) (let ((a-table (make-hash))) (?(n) (define false-if-fail (?() #f)) (let ((return-val (hash-ref a-table n false-if-fail))) (if return-val return-val (begin (hash-set! a-table n (fun n)) (hash-ref a-table n))))))) Now I want to create a memoize-wrapper function like this: (define (memoize-wrapper function) (set! function (memoizer function))) And hopefully create a macro called def-memo which defines the function with the memoize-wrapper. eg. the macro could expand to (memoizer (define function-name arguments body ...) or something like that. So that I should be able to do : (def-memo (factorial n) (cond ((= n 1) 1) (else (* n (factorial (- n 1)))))) which should create a memoized version of the factorial instead of the normal slow one. My problem is that the The memoize-wrapper is not working properly, it doesnt call the memoized function but the original function. I have no idea how to write a define inside of the macro. How do I make sure that I can get variable lenght arguments and variable length body? How do I then define the function and wrap it around with the memoizer? Thanks a lot.

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  • "Function object is unsubscriptable" in basic integer to string mapping function

    - by IanWhalen
    I'm trying to write a function to return the word string of any number less than 1000. Everytime I run my code at the interactive prompt it appears to work without issue but when I try to import wordify and run it with a test number higher than 20 it fails as "TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable". Based on the error message, it seems the issue is when it tries to index numString (for example trying to extract the number 4 out of the test case of n = 24) and the compiler thinks numString is a function instead of a string. since the first line of the function is me defining numString as a string of the variable n, I'm not really sure why that is. Any help in getting around this error, or even just help in explaining why I'm seeing it, would be awesome. def wordify(n): # Convert n to a string to parse out ones, tens and hundreds later. numString = str(n) # N less than 20 is hard-coded. if n < 21: return numToWordMap(n) # N between 21 and 99 parses ones and tens then concatenates. elif n < 100: onesNum = numString[-1] ones = numToWordMap(int(onesNum)) tensNum = numString[-2] tens = numToWordMap(int(tensNum)*10) return tens+ones else: # TODO pass def numToWordMap(num): mapping = { 0:"", 1:"one", 2:"two", 3:"three", 4:"four", 5:"five", 6:"six", 7:"seven", 8:"eight", 9:"nine", 10:"ten", 11:"eleven", 12:"twelve", 13:"thirteen", 14:"fourteen", 15:"fifteen", 16:"sixteen", 17:"seventeen", 18:"eighteen", 19:"nineteen", 20:"twenty", 30:"thirty", 40:"fourty", 50:"fifty", 60:"sixty", 70:"seventy", 80:"eighty", 90:"ninety", 100:"onehundred", 200:"twohundred", 300:"threehundred", 400:"fourhundred", 500:"fivehundred", 600:"sixhundred", 700:"sevenhundred", 800:"eighthundred", 900:"ninehundred", } return mapping[num] if __name__ == '__main__': pass

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  • What is the best way to do scoped finds based on access control rules in Rails?

    - by Rafael Szuminski
    Hi I need to find an elegant solution to scoped finds based on access control rules. Essentially I have the following setup: Users Customers AccessControl - Defines which user has access to another users data Users need to be able to access not just their own customers but also shared customers of other users. Obviously something like a simple association will not work: has_many :customers and neither will this: has_many :customers, :conditions => 'user_id in (1,2,3,4,5)' because the association uses with_scope and the added condition is an AND condition not an OR condition. I also tried overriding the find and method_missing methods with the association extension like this: has_many :customers do def find(*args) #get the user_id and retrieve access conditions based on the id #do a find based on the access conditions and passed args end def method_missing(*args) #get the user_id and retrieve access conditions based on the id #do a find based on the access conditions and passed args end end but the issue is that I don't have access to the user object / parent object inside the extension methods and it just does not work as planned. I also tried default_scope but as posted here before you can't pass a block to a default scope. Anyhow, I know that data segmentation and data access controls have been done before using rails and am wondering if somebody found an elegant way to do it. UPDATE: The AccessControl table has the following layout user_id shared_user_id The customer table has this structure: id account_id user_id first_name last_name Assuming the the following data would be in the AccessControl table: 1 1 1 3 1 4 2 2 2 13 and so on... And the account_id for user 1 is 13 I need to be able to retrieve customers that can be best described with the following sql statement: select * from customers where (account_id = 13 and user_id = null) or (user_id in (1,3,4))

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  • object.valid? returns false but object.errors.full_messages is empty

    - by user549563
    Hello I'm confuse about objects that I can't save, simplified model is class Subscription < ActiveRecord::base belongs_to :user, :class_name => "User", :foreign_key => "user_id" has_many :transactions, :class_name => "SubscriptionTransaction" validates_presence_of :first_name, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :last_name, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_number, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_verification, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_type, :message => "ne peut être vide" validates_presence_of :card_expires_on, :message => "ne peut être vide" attr_accessor :card_number, :card_verification validate_on_create :validate_card def validate_card unless credit_card.valid? credit_card.errors.full_messages.each do |message| errors.add_to_base message end end end def credit_card @credit_card ||= ActiveMerchant::Billing::CreditCard.new( :type => card_type, :number => card_number, :verification_value => card_verification, :month => card_expires_on.month, :year => card_expires_on.year, :first_name => first_name, :last_name => last_name ) end end and in my subscription_controller if subscription.save # do something else debugger # means breakpoint where i try subscription.errors.full_messages # do something else end I tried to use ruby-debug for this adding a breakpoint before. And subscription.valid? return false which explains that ActiveRecord doesn't allow the save method. Unfortunately i can't know why the object is invalid. subscription.errors.full_messages # => [] I'm stucked, if you have any idea, thank you.

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  • Django Model Formset Pre-Filled Value Problem

    - by user552377
    Hi, i'm trying to use model formsets with Django. When i load forms template, i see that it's filled-up with previous values. Is there a caching mechanism that i should stop, or what? Thanks for your help, here is my code: models.py class FooModel( models.Model ): a_field = models.FloatField() b_field = models.FloatField() def __unicode__( self ): return self.a_field forms.py from django.forms.models import modelformset_factory FooFormSet = modelformset_factory(FooModel) views.py def foo_func(request): if request.method == 'POST': formset = FooFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, prefix='foo_prefix' ) if formset.is_valid(): formset.save() return HttpResponseRedirect( '/true/' ) else: return HttpResponseRedirect( '/false/' ) else: formset = FooFormSet(prefix='foo_prefix') variables = RequestContext( request , { 'formset':formset , } ) return render_to_response('footemplate.html' , variables ) template: <form method="post" action="."> {% csrf_token %} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> <table id="FormsetTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> {% for form in formset.forms %} <tr> <td>{{ form.a_field }}</td> <td>{{ form.b_field }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> {{ formset.management_form }} </form>

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  • access properties of current model in has_many declaration

    - by seth.vargo
    Hello, I didn't exactly know how to pose this question other than through example... I have a class we will call Foo. Foo :has_many Bar. Foo has a boolean attribute called randomize that determines the order of the the Bars in the :has_many relationship: class CreateFoo < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :foos do |t| t.string :name t.boolean :randomize, :default => false end end end   class CreateBar < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :bars do |t| t.string :name t.references :foo end end end   class Bar < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :foo end   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base # this is the line that doesn't work has_many :bars, :order => self.randomize ? 'RAND()' : 'id' end How do I access properties of self in the has_many declaration? Things I've tried and failed: creating a method of Foo that returns the correct string creating a lambda function crying Is this possible? UPDATE The problem seems to be that the class in :has_many ISN'T of type Foo: undefined method `randomize' for #<Class:0x1076fbf78> is one of the errors I get. Note that its a general Class, not a Foo object... Why??

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