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  • Alright, I'm still stuck on this homework problem. C++

    - by Josh
    Okay, the past few days I have been trying to get some input on my programs. Well I decided to scrap them for the most part and try again. So once again, I'm in need of help. For the first program I'm trying to fix, it needs to show the sum of SEVEN numbers. Well, I'm trying to change is so that I don't need the mem[##] = ####. I just want the user to be able to input the numbers and the program run from there and go through my switch loop. And have some kind of display..saying like the sum is?.. Here's my code so far. #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <ios> using namespace std; int main() { const int READ = 10; const int WRITE = 11; const int LOAD = 20; const int STORE = 21; const int ADD = 30; const int SUBTRACT = 31; const int DIVIDE = 32; const int MULTIPLY = 33; const int BRANCH = 40; const int BRANCHNEG = 41; const int BRANCHZERO = 42; const int HALT = 43; int mem[100] = {0}; //Making it 100, since simpletron contains a 100 word mem. int operation; //taking the rest of these variables straight out of the book seeing as how they were italisized. int operand; int accum = 0; // the special register is starting at 0 int counter; for ( counter=0; counter < 100; counter++) mem[counter] = 0; // This is for part a, it will take in positive variables in //a sent-controlled loop and compute + print their sum. Variables from example in text. mem[0] = 1009; mem[1] = 1109; mem[2] = 2010; mem[3] = 2111; mem[4] = 2011; mem[5] = 3100; mem[6] = 2113; mem[7] = 1113; mem[8] = 4300; counter = 0; //Makes the variable counter start at 0. while(true) { operand = mem[ counter ]%100; // Finds the op codes from the limit on the mem (100) operation = mem[ counter ]/100; //using a switch loop to set up the loops for the cases switch ( operation ){ case READ: //reads a variable into a word from loc. Enter in -1 to exit cout <<"\n Input a positive variable: "; cin >> mem[ operand ]; counter++; break; case WRITE: // takes a word from location cout << "\n\nThe content at location " << operand << " is " << mem[operand]; counter++; break; case LOAD:// loads accum = mem[ operand ];counter++; break; case STORE: //stores mem[ operand ] = accum;counter++; break; case ADD: //adds accum += mem[operand];counter++; break; case SUBTRACT: // subtracts accum-= mem[ operand ];counter++; break; case DIVIDE: //divides accum /=(mem[ operand ]);counter++; break; case MULTIPLY: // multiplies accum*= mem [ operand ];counter++; break; case BRANCH: // Branches to location counter = operand; break; case BRANCHNEG: //branches if acc. is < 0 if (accum < 0) counter = operand; else counter++; break; case BRANCHZERO: //branches if acc = 0 if (accum == 0) counter = operand; else counter++; break; case HALT: // Program ends break; } } return 0; } part B int main() { const int READ = 10; const int WRITE = 11; const int LOAD = 20; const int STORE = 21; const int ADD = 30; const int SUBTRACT = 31; const int DIVIDE = 32; const int MULTIPLY = 33; const int BRANCH = 40; const int BRANCHNEG = 41; const int BRANCHZERO = 41; const int HALT = 43; int mem[100] = {0}; int operation; int operand; int accum = 0; int pos = 0; int j; mem[22] = 7; // loop 7 times mem[25] = 1; // increment by 1 mem[00] = 4306; mem[01] = 2303; mem[02] = 3402; mem[03] = 6410; mem[04] = 3412; mem[05] = 2111; mem[06] = 2002; mem[07] = 2312; mem[08] = 4210; mem[09] = 2109; mem[10] = 4001; mem[11] = 2015; mem[12] = 3212; mem[13] = 2116; mem[14] = 1101; mem[15] = 1116; mem[16] = 4300; j = 0; while ( true ) { operand = memory[ j ]%100; // Finds the op codes from the limit on the memory (100) operation = memory[ j ]/100; //using a switch loop to set up the loops for the cases switch ( operation ){ case 1: //reads a variable into a word from loc. Enter in -1 to exit cout <<"\n enter #: "; cin >> memory[ operand ]; break; case 2: // takes a word from location cout << "\n\nThe content at location " << operand << "is " << memory[operand]; break; case 3:// loads accum = memory[ operand ]; break; case 4: //stores memory[ operand ] = accum; break; case 5: //adds accum += mem[operand];; break; case 6: // subtracts accum-= memory[ operand ]; break; case 7: //divides accum /=(memory[ operand ]); break; case 8: // multiplies accum*= memory [ operand ]; break; case 9: // Branches to location j = operand; break; case 10: //branches if acc. is < 0 break; case 11: //branches if acc = 0 if (accum == 0) j = operand; break; case 12: // Program ends exit(0); break; } j++; } return 0; }

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  • Interface for classes that have nothing in common

    - by Tomek Tarczynski
    Lets say I want to make few classes to determine behaviour of agents. The good practice would be to make some common interface for them, such interface (simplified) could look like this: interface IModel { void UpdateBehaviour(); } All , or at least most, of such model would have some parameters, but parameters from one model might have nothing in common with parameters of other model. I would like to have some common way of loading parameters. Question What is the best way to do that? Is it maybe just adding method void LoadParameters(object parameters) to the IModel? Or creating empty interface IParameters and add method void LoadParameters(IParameters parameters)? That are two ideas I came up with, but I don't like either of them.

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  • Special Ocassion parser in JAVA

    - by Pranav
    Hey guys, I am working on a date parser in Java. Just wanted some information on if there is any java library which could parse special occasions like for example if I give input as: Christmas or new year, it returns a date for this. Thanks in advance. Regards, Pranav

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  • software/languages for online structured data collection from (human) clients

    - by Ben
    I need to develop a web interface to collect and validate a range of data from many of my organization's clients. This isn't a single form, but a collection of forms with interdependencies (i.e., field X on form Y is needed if field A was equal to C on form B), and variable length lists (please provide the details for all Xs in your possession). I had a look at the marketing on Microsoft InfoPath and Adobe LiveCycle, but I get the impression that they're principally electronic forms solutions rather than data collection tools. (e.g., If a user has entered their address once, they should never have to see it on a form again). Any suggestions of good tools, applications or domain-specific languages?

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  • Word Jumble Algorithm

    - by MasterMax1313
    Given a word jumble (i.e. ofbaor), what would be an approach to unscramble the letters to create a real word (i.e. foobar)? I could see this having a couple of approaches, and I think I know how I'd do it in .NET, but I curious to see what some other solutions look like (always happy to see if my solution is optimal or not). This isn't homework or anything like that, I just saw a word jumble in the local comics section of the paper (yes, good ol' fashioned newsprint), and the engineer in me started thinking.

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  • Whitespace-Ingoring languages

    - by Sarc Asm
    People (here on SO) often talk about their dislike of languages which don't ignore whitespace. My question is: Which programming languages ignore whitespace? Examples: C++ co n st my Var with spaces = 1 23; - Error PHP $this willnot work = 456;

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  • Finding what makes strings unique in a list, can you improve on brute force?

    - by Ed Guiness
    Suppose I have a list of strings where each string is exactly 4 characters long and unique within the list. For each of these strings I want to identify the position of the characters within the string that make the string unique. So for a list of three strings abcd abcc bbcb For the first string I want to identify the character in 4th position d since d does not appear in the 4th position in any other string. For the second string I want to identify the character in 4th position c. For the third string it I want to identify the character in 1st position b AND the character in 4th position, also b. This could be concisely represented as abcd -> ...d abcc -> ...c bbcb -> b..b If you consider the same problem but with a list of binary numbers 0101 0011 1111 Then the result I want would be 0101 -> ..0. 0011 -> .0.. 1111 -> 1... Staying with the binary theme I can use XOR to identify which bits are unique within two binary numbers since 0101 ^ 0011 = 0110 which I can interpret as meaning that in this case the 2nd and 3rd bits (reading left to right) are unique between these two binary numbers. This technique might be a red herring unless somehow it can be extended to the larger list. A brute-force approach would be to look at each string in turn, and for each string to iterate through vertical slices of the remainder of the strings in the list. So for the list abcd abcc bbcb I would start with abcd and iterate through vertical slices of abcc bbcb where these vertical slices would be a | b | c | c b | b | c | b or in list form, "ab", "bb", "cc", "cb". This would result in four comparisons a : ab -> . (a is not unique) b : bb -> . (b is not unique) c : cc -> . (c is not unique) d : cb -> d (d is unique) or concisely abcd -> ...d Maybe it's wishful thinking, but I have a feeling that there should be an elegant and general solution that would apply to an arbitrarily large list of strings (or binary numbers). But if there is I haven't yet been able to see it. I hope to use this algorithm to to derive minimal signatures from a collection of unique images (bitmaps) in order to efficiently identify those images at a future time. If future efficiency wasn't a concern I would use a simple hash of each image. Can you improve on brute force?

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  • What is the single most effective thing you did to improve your programming skills?

    - by Oded
    Looking back at my career and life as a programmer, there were plenty of different ways I improved my programming skills - reading code, writing code, reading books, listening to podcasts, watching screencasts and more. My question is: What is the most effective thing you have done that improved your programming skills? What would you recommend to others that want to improve? I do expect varied answers here and no single "one size fits all" answer - I would like to know what worked for different people. Edit: Wow - what great answers! Keep 'em coming people!!!

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  • Continue Considered Harmful?

    - by brian
    Should developers avoid using continue in C# or its equivalent in other languages to force the next iteration of a loop? Would arguments for or against overlap with arguments about Goto?

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  • Dependency parsing

    - by C.
    Hi I particularly like the transduce feature offered by agfl in their EP4IR http://www.agfl.cs.ru.nl/EP4IR/english.html The download page is here: http://www.agfl.cs.ru.nl/download.html Is there any way i can make use of this in a c# program? Do I need to convert classes to c#? Thanks :)

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  • Am I immoral for using a variable name that differs from its type only by case?

    - by Jason Baker
    For instance, take this piece of code: var person = new Person(); or for you Pythonistas: person = Person() I'm told constantly how bad this is, but have yet to see an example of the immorality of these two lines of code. To me, person is a Person and trying to give it another name is a waste of time. I suppose in the days before syntax highlighting, this would have been a big deal. But these days, it's pretty easy to tell a type name apart from a variable name. Heck, it's even easy to see the difference here on SO. Or is there something I'm missing? If so, it would be helpful if you could provide an example of code that causes problems.

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  • Are licenses relevant for small code snippets?

    - by Martin
    When I'm about to write a short algorithm, I first check in the base class library I'm using whether the algorithm is implemented in it. If not, I often do a quick google search to see if someone has done it before (which is the case, 19 times out of 20). Most of the time, I find the exact code I need. Sometimes it's clear what license applies to the source code, sometimes not. It may be GPL, LGPL, BSD or whatever. Sometimes people have posted a code snippet on some random forum which solves my problem. It's clear to me that I can't reuse the code (copy/paste it into my code) without caring about the license if the code is in some way substantial. What is not clear to me is whether I can copy a code snippet containing 5 lines or so without doing a license violation. Can I copy/paste a 5-line code snippet without caring about the license? What about one-liner? What about 10 lines? Where do I draw the line (no pun intended)? My second problem is that if I have found a 10-line code snippet which does exactly what I need, but feel that I cannot copy it because it's GPL-licensed and my software isn't, I have already memorized how to implement it so when I go around implementing the same functionality, my code is almost identical to the GPL licensed code I saw a few minutes ago. (In other words, the code was copied to my brain and my brain after that copied it into my source code).

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  • Function overloading by return type?

    - by dsimcha
    Why don't more mainstream statically typed languages support function/method overloading by return type? I can't think of any that do. It seems no less useful or reasonable than supporting overload by parameter type. How come it's so much less popular?

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  • UK Postcode search

    - by Imran
    I want to build a website where you can search by entering the postcode (UK). I know that RoyalMail owns the Database to do this (it's only very expensive, $100K). What are my options?

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  • How to learn as a lone developer?

    - by fearofawhackplanet
    I've been lucky to work in a small team with a couple of experienced and knowledgeable developers for the first year of my career. I've learned a huge amount. But I'm now getting transferred within my company, and will be working on solo projects. I'll cope, but I know I'll make mistakes and won't always produce the best solutions without someone to guide me and review my output. I'm wondering if anyone has any tips in this situation. How can I keep learning? What's the best way to monitor and asses the quality of my work? How can I ensure that my career and skills don't stagnate?

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  • Segmenting a double array of labels

    - by Ami
    The Problem: I have a large double array populated with various labels. Each element (cell) in the double array contains a set of labels and some elements in the double array may be empty. I need an algorithm to cluster elements in the double array into discrete segments. A segment is defined as a set of pixels that are adjacent within the double array and one label that all those pixels in the segment have in common. (Diagonal adjacency doesn't count and I'm not clustering empty cells). |-------|-------|------| | Jane | Joe | | | Jack | Jane | | |-------|-------|------| | Jane | Jane | | | | Joe | | |-------|-------|------| | | Jack | Jane | | | Joe | | |-------|-------|------| In the above arrangement of labels distributed over nine elements, the largest cluster is the “Jane” cluster occupying the four upper left cells. What I've Considered: I've considered iterating through every label of every cell in the double array and testing to see if the cell-label combination under inspection can be associated with a preexisting segment. If the element under inspection cannot be associated with a preexisting segment it becomes the first member of a new segment. If the label/cell combination can be associated with a preexisting segment it associates. Of course, to make this method reasonable I'd have to implement an elaborate hashing system. I'd have to keep track of all the cell-label combinations that stand adjacent to preexisting segments and are in the path of the incrementing indices that are iterating through the double array. This hash method would avoid having to iterate through every pixel in every preexisting segment to find an adjacency. Why I Don't Like it: As is, the above algorithm doesn't take into consideration the case where an element in the double array can be associated with two unique segments, one in the horizontal direction and one in the vertical direction. To handle these cases properly, I would need to implement a test for this specific case and then implement a method that will both associate the element under inspection with a segment and then concatenate the two adjacent identical segments. On the whole, this method and the intricate hashing system that it would require feels very inelegant. Additionally, I really only care about finding the large segments in the double array and I'm much more concerned with the speed of this algorithm than with the accuracy of the segmentation, so I'm looking for a better way. I assume there is some stochastic method for doing this that I haven't thought of. Any suggestions?

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  • What statistics can be maintained for a set of numerical data without iterating?

    - by Dan Tao
    Update Just for future reference, I'm going to list all of the statistics that I'm aware of that can be maintained in a rolling collection, recalculated as an O(1) operation on every addition/removal (this is really how I should've worded the question from the beginning): Obvious Count Sum Mean Max* Min* Median** Less Obvious Variance Standard Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Mode*** Weighted Average Weighted Moving Average**** OK, so to put it more accurately: these are not "all" of the statistics I'm aware of. They're just the ones that I can remember off the top of my head right now. *Can be recalculated in O(1) for additions only, or for additions and removals if the collection is sorted (but in this case, insertion is not O(1)). Removals potentially incur an O(n) recalculation for non-sorted collections. **Recalculated in O(1) for a sorted, indexed collection only. ***Requires a fairly complex data structure to recalculate in O(1). ****This can certainly be achieved in O(1) for additions and removals when the weights are assigned in a linearly descending fashion. In other scenarios, I'm not sure. Original Question Say I maintain a collection of numerical data -- let's say, just a bunch of numbers. For this data, there are loads of calculated values that might be of interest; one example would be the sum. To get the sum of all this data, I could... Option 1: Iterate through the collection, adding all the values: double sum = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++) sum += values[i]; Option 2: Maintain the sum, eliminating the need to ever iterate over the collection just to find the sum: void Add(double value) { values.Add(value); sum += value; } void Remove(double value) { values.Remove(value); sum -= value; } EDIT: To put this question in more relatable terms, let's compare the two options above to a (sort of) real-world situation: Suppose I start listing numbers out loud and ask you to keep them in your head. I start by saying, "11, 16, 13, 12." If you've just been remembering the numbers themselves and nothing more, and then I say, "What's the sum?", you'd have to think to yourself, "OK, what's 11 + 16 + 13 + 12?" before responding, "52." If, on the other hand, you had been keeping track of the sum yourself while I was listing the numbers (i.e., when I said, "11" you thought "11", when I said "16", you thought, "27," and so on), you could answer "52" right away. Then if I say, "OK, now forget the number 16," if you've been keeping track of the sum inside your head you can simply take 16 away from 52 and know that the new sum is 36, rather than taking 16 off the list and them summing up 11 + 13 + 12. So my question is, what other calculations, other than the obvious ones like sum and average, are like this? SECOND EDIT: As an arbitrary example of a statistic that (I'm almost certain) does require iteration -- and therefore cannot be maintained as simply as a sum or average -- consider if I asked you, "how many numbers in this collection are divisible by the min?" Let's say the numbers are 5, 15, 19, 20, 21, 25, and 30. The min of this set is 5, which divides into 5, 15, 20, 25, and 30 (but not 19 or 21), so the answer is 5. Now if I remove 5 from the collection and ask the same question, the answer is now 2, since only 15 and 30 are divisible by the new min of 15; but, as far as I can tell, you cannot know this without going through the collection again. So I think this gets to the heart of my question: if we can divide kinds of statistics into these categories, those that are maintainable (my own term, maybe there's a more official one somewhere) versus those that require iteration to compute any time a collection is changed, what are all the maintainable ones? What I am asking about is not strictly the same as an online algorithm (though I sincerely thank those of you who introduced me to that concept). An online algorithm can begin its work without having even seen all of the input data; the maintainable statistics I am seeking will certainly have seen all the data, they just don't need to reiterate through it over and over again whenever it changes.

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  • Is Java assert broken?

    - by BlairHippo
    While poking around the questions, I recently discovered the assert keyword in Java. At first, I was excited. Something useful I didn't already know! A more efficient way for me to check the validity of input parameters! Yay learning! But then I took a closer look, and my enthusiasm was not so much "tempered" as "snuffed-out completely" by one simple fact: you can turn assertions off.* This sounds like a nightmare. If I'm asserting that I don't want the code to keep going if the input listOfStuff is null, why on earth would I want that assertion ignored? It sounds like if I'm debugging a piece of production code and suspect that listOfStuff may have been erroneously passed a null but don't see any logfile evidence of that assertion being triggered, I can't trust that listOfStuff actually got sent a valid value; I also have to account for the possibility that assertions may have been turned off entirely. And this assumes that I'm the one debugging the code. Somebody unfamiliar with assertions might see that and assume (quite reasonably) that if the assertion message doesn't appear in the log, listOfStuff couldn't be the problem. If your first encounter with assert was in the wild, would it even occur to you that it could be turned-off entirely? It's not like there's a command-line option that lets you disable try/catch blocks, after all. All of which brings me to my question (and this is a question, not an excuse for a rant! I promise!): What am I missing? Is there some nuance that renders Java's implementation of assert far more useful than I'm giving it credit for? Is the ability to enable/disable it from the command line actually incredibly valuable in some contexts? Am I misconceptualizing it somehow when I envision using it in production code in lieu of statements like if (listOfStuff == null) barf();? I just feel like there's something important here that I'm not getting. *Okay, technically speaking, they're actually off by default; you have to go out of your way to turn them on. But still, you can knock them out entirely.

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