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• Good book for a software developer doing part-time (Linux) system administration work

  - by Tony Meyer

  In many smaller organisations, developers often end up doing some system administration work (for obvious reasons). A lot of the time, they have great developer skills, but few system administration skills (perhaps all self-taught), and so have to learn as they go, which is fairly inefficient. Are there canonical (or simply great) books that would help in this situation? More advanced than just using a shell (presumably a developer can do that), but not aimed at someone that hopes to spend many years doing this work. Ideally, something fairly generic (although specific to a distribution would be OK), covering databases, networking, general maintenance, etc, not just one specific task. For the most part, I'm interested in shell-based work (i.e. no GUI installed), although if there's something outstanding I'm missing, please point it out. (As an analogy, replace "system administration" with C, and I'd want K&R, with C++ and I'd want Meyers' "Effective C++").

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• Force Windows Local Subnet Traffic through a Gateway

  - by Beerey

  Hi all, We are attempting to route all traffic from a certain machine to a gateway. This works ok for traffic destined for subnets outside of the machine's subnet. However, traffic to machines in the same subnet as the source machine goes through an On-Link gateway in Windows. This means that the default gateway is ignored, and traffic in a subnet (for example, 192.168.50.10 - 192.168.50.11) flows. Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.50.214 276 This route can be deleted from Windows, but when the machine is rebooted it always comes back. Adding a persistant static route to the gateway with a lower metric doesn't work, since it will still try the On-Link gateway after the persistant route fails. Adding each machine in a VLAN isn't an option due to the setup we have Adding a startup script to delete the gateway isn't a great option either, since users will have full admin access to the machine and might disable the script. We cannot transperantly intercept all network traffic on the subnet using Gratuitous ARPs or transparent proxying, since there are other machines on the subnet which use a different gateway The only way we have gotten it to work is by adding a persistant route to the gateway for the subnet traffic, and deleting the On-link route on reboot. The question is then. Is there a way to permanently remove this On-link route If not, is there a way to otherwise force even local subnet traffic to go through a gateway?

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• PostgreSQL timezone does not match system timezone

  - by Martin C.

  I have several PostgreSQL 9.2 installations where the timezone used by PostgreSQL is GMT, despite the entire system being "Europe/Vienna". I double-checked that postgresql.conf does not contain timezone setting, so according to the documentation it should fallback to the system's timezone. However, # su -s /bin/bash postgres -c "psql mydb" mydb=# show timezone; TimeZone ---------- GMT (1 row) mydb=# select now(); now ------------------------------- 2013-11-12 08:14:21.697622+00 (1 row) Any hints, where the GMT timezone could come from? The system user does not have TZ set and the /etc/timezone and /etc/timeinfo seem to be configured correctly. # cat /etc/timezone Europe/Vienna # date Tue Nov 12 09:15:42 CET 2013 Any hints are appreciated, thanks in advance!

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• Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket

  - by Martin

  I was trying to tune the performance of a running mysql-server by running this command: mysqld_safe --key_buffer_size=64M --table_cache=256 --sort_buffer_size=4M --read_buffer_size=1M & After this i'm unable to connect mysql from the server where mysql is running. I get this error: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111) However, luckily i can still connect to mysql remotely. So all my webservers still have access to mysql and are running without any problems. Because of this though i don't want to try to restart the mysql server since that will probably mess everything up. Now i know that mysqld_safe is starting the mysql-server, and since the mysql server was already running i guess it's some kind of problem with two mysql servers running and listening to the same port. Is there some way to solve this problem without restarting the initial mysql server? UPDATE: This is what ps xa | grep "mysql" says: 11672 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe 11780 ? Sl 175:04 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --port=3306 11781 ? S 0:00 logger -t mysqld -p daemon.error 12432 pts/0 R+ 0:00 grep mysql

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• New XEN Server, Intel i7, Errors were encountered while processing: xen-linux-system-amd64

  - by Sheldon

  I have just got a new machine to run XEN VM's on, it has an Intel i7 processor: - Intel Haswell Core i7-4790 3.6GHz 8MB LGA1150 I have setup the host with the current 6.2.0 I have set up a new Debian 7 64bit VM and any package I try and run fails with the following errors: Errors were encountered while processing: xen-utils-common xen-utils-4.1 xen-system-amd64 xen-linux-system-3.2.0-4-amd64 xen-linux-system-amd64 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Excuse my noob-ness but should it even be running an AMD package ? Any ideas on how to fix this ? Thanks

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• Internet Explorer / Windows 7 does not want to show HTML file from local network drive

  - by Jaanus

  Setup: I have Windows 7 running inside VirtualBox on Mac OS X host. I have a shared drive with some HTML files, that I am mounting as a local drive W: in Windows, from the VirtualBox server \VBOXSVR. I want to look at them with a browser in Windows. Chrome in Windows 7 opens and shows those HTML files just fine (file:///W:/welcome.html). But Internet Explorer does not, and shows this error instead of the files: Internet Explorer cannot display the web page What you can try: [button Diagnose Connection Problems] More information This problem can be caused by a variety of issues, including: Internet connectivity has been lost. The website is temporarily unavailable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) is not reachable. The Domain Name Server (DNS) does not have a listing for the website's domain. If this is an HTTPS (secure) address, click Tools, click Internet Options, click Advanced, and check to be sure the SSL and TLS protocols are enabled under the security section. For the internet zone in the status bar, it shows: Internet | Protected Mode: On IE settings are a mystery to me, and I could possibly get it to work by tweaking IE settings, but I don't know which ones. How do I make IE show the same files that Chrome is happy to show? (Chrome showing them means that the files themselves are fine, there is something about the setup that just makes IE be a diva.)

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• I reinstalled OS X and the system was the same as before

  - by slhck

  Strange thing happened. I want so sell my old Macbook and therefore used a disk image of the Snow Leopard DVD that I restored onto an external drive. I booted off the drive and went through the installation steps. Now I really would like to perform "archive and install", as there might be some files that I need later, but I didn't see the option. The only options for installation I had, were, including others, optional printer drivers and Rosetta. So I just clicked through and I wasn't given any other option. After about 45 minutes, my system booted again, and voila, there was my old system. Nothing changed. How should I proceed to actually reset the system? All I have is that Snow Leopard DVD image.

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• Real-time local backup with versioning on Windows 7/8

  - by Borda

  I'm looking for a reliable backup solution on Windows, something with a feature set similar to Yadis. I've been using CrashPlan for 2 months, but their software lost more than 1TB of my data, that's why I'm looking for alternatives. Requirements: Real-time folder-to-folder backup: I don't need online features, I want to use this to duplicate my files between my local disks. Versioning support: Should be able to choose how many versions to keep of the files. Plain backup: I'd like to be able to open the backup without special software. No proprietary file format. External disk support: Shouldn't have any problem using external disks, at least on the source side. Backup every file, even locked/system files. (Yadis fails this one) Should start automatically, and have a comfortable GUI. Should use actively maintained and/or popular software. I don't want to use discontinued products. Optional requirements: Low RAM usage I'm not really comfortable with something that eats 1GB of my RAM. Compression support Preferably ZIP, but I'm not picky about this. Any ordinary everyday format is acceptable. Freeware or Open Source Preferred, but not necessary. I can do a one-time payment within reasonable bounds. (preferably under $100) I only need Windows support, but if it works on Linux, that's a plus. I've already searched and tried lots of software, most of them failed at the plain backup, the versioning or the locked file backup requirements.

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• Running a scheduled task as SYSTEM with console window open

  - by raoulsson

  I am auto creating scheduled tasks with this line within a batch windows script: schtasks /Create /RU SYSTEM /RP SYSTEM /TN startup-task-%%i /TR %SPEEDWAY_DIR%\%TARGET_DIR%%%i\%STARTUPFILE% /SC HOURLY /MO 1 /ST 17:%%i1:00 I wanted to avoid using specific user credentials and thus decided to use SYSTEM. Now, when checking in the taskmanagers process list or, even better, directly with the C:\> schtasks command itself, all is working well, the tasks are running as intended. However in this particular case I would like to have an open console window where I can see the log flying by. I know I could use C:\> tail -f thelogfile.log if I installed e.g. cygwin (on all machines) or some proprietary tools like Baretail on Windows. But since I only switch to these machines in case of trouble, I would prefer to start the scheduled task in such a way that every user immediately sees the log. Any chance? Thanks!

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• MySQL -- enable connection to remote server via local /tmp/mysql.sock

  - by Kevin

  Hey all, I run a shared hosting provider and we're looking to move to a High Availability (replicated across multiple datacenters) setup for our hosting. We have created a replicated MySQL setup with failover that works wonderfully, and we'd like to move all of our clients' databases to it. The only trouble is that we have many many customers, all of whom have configured their Wordpress, Drupal, etc. installations to connect to MySQL via a local socket, not to the address of the remove server. I would hate to have to go through manually and change the connection statement in all of our clients' sites. What I'd ideally love to see is a program that listens on /tmp/mysql.sock and forwards connections there to the remote server I specify. I've seen SQL Relay, but it seems to require that I hardcode all of the database names and usernames and passwords into its configuration file. This is not going to work for me because our users add new databases dynamically all of the time, and I'd rather not have to write code to updated SQLRelay's config file every time. Does anyone have an idea on how to do this? Alternatively, I'd accept idea on how to handle this at the PHP level. (i.e. redirect any attempted calls to mysql_connect() to use that hostname rather than localhost) Thanks, Kevin

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• Root users and mysql: `sudo mysql` vs `/root/.my.cnf`

  - by user67641

  I have a /root/.my.cnf file which stores the mysql root user's password: [client] password = "my password" When I log in as system root and enter mysql, I get a passwordless login: myuser@local:$ sudo su root@local:$ mysql mysql> But when I try to do the same just using sudo, I get access denied: myuser@local:$ sudo mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) How can I get sudo mysql to log me in as the mysql root user, without entering a password?

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• XP Computer won't start (Missing/Corrupt 'System' file) - recently added new hard drive

  - by qwerty2

  Hi all, Pulling my hair out here. I recently replaced my D: 1TB drive (not a system drive) with a new 1.5TB drive. I loaded Windows XP, formatted the new drive and it was showing as working fine, alongside my C: windows system drive. I restart my machine and all of a sudden, Windows doesn't load and instead I get: "Windows could not start beause the following file is missing or corrupt" \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM I don't have the original XP installation CD, although I do have another copy of XP, when I try and boot to it, I get the blue 'STOP' screen after it attempts to load the setup utlity for about a minute. Can someone please help? When I set up my new hard drive as a primary partition did this someone screw up my C: hard drive? Did it perhaps unmount it somehow? Any help would be fantastic. Thanks

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• High latency issue for web service call from amazon aws ec2 to local server

  - by SibzTer

  We have a legacy web application that is running in our data center on premises located in Houston. We have a developed a new .net 4 based web application in order to provide new features to customers. The new web application is hosted in amazon aws ec2 environment (N. Virginia region us-east-1b zone). In order to get seamlessly integrate with the legacy application the new web application makes web service calls to retrieve data. We are seeing an unusually high latency time in the order of 5+ seconds for these web service calls. The exact same web service call returns in less than a second on our local PCs (which makes sense given physical proximity to the actual server). The weird part is that we have developers in California who also have the same milliseconds response time. We are testing the web service response using third party tools such as SoapUI, Google Chrome extensions such as Advanced REST Client, Postman REST Client, etc. As if this wasnt weird enough, we have noticed the same low latency from certain other ec2 instances while testing which are in the same region and availability zone as well. If we experienced the high latency consistently from all the ec2 instances I could understand. But there is something else going on. Comparing the various stats and results between the low latency and high latency ec2 servers do not show any significant differences: ping (constant 40ms), tracert, winmtr, etc. We have instances that are in the VPC as well. So I tried both the public and private IP address of the web service host server and that didnt make a difference either for the above results. We need to resolve this latency issue as this is causing the resulting web pages to load very slowly (almost 15+ seconds which is simply unacceptable). The ec2 instances have Windows Server Datacenter 64 bit. Let me know if there is any other infor I can provide to help diagnose this.

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• Best practice for system clock sync on KVM host

  - by Tauren

  I have an Ubuntu 9.10 server running as a KVM host with ntpd installed on it. The host system has the correct system time. At the moment I only have a single KVM guest, also Ubuntu 9.10 server. I do not have ntpd installed on it, and I just discovered the clock is about 6 minutes slow. It wasn't that way when it was installed about a month ago. I thought that I only needed to keep the host clock synchronized and that the guests used the host clock. But maybe that is a memory from using OpenVZ. I believe the reasoning was related to only the host could modify the physical system clock. Is running ntpd on both the host and all the guests the correct thing to do? Or is there something else that is preferred? How should I keep the guest clocks in sync?

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• windows 2008 always keep local dns in first

  - by user3085220

  I have a windows 2008 system and it always keep ::1 in first of the dns setting. I can see the following in "ipconfig /all": DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . : ::1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 and "Obtain dns server address automatically" option in network interface setting is disabled. I installed active directory once and uninstalled now, I think it's the reason. But I can't find any answer from google or bing how to fix.

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• Backup to disk, encrypted, without any installed local software

  - by user30064

  Hi, Ok, this is a tough one, and it might not even be possible, but no harm in asking I guess. I have a Buffalo Terastation file server that I use for network attached storage. After a couple of phone calls to customer services I realised that there is no way to backup to disk encrypted. In effect, I would be carrying unencrypted company data off-site daily, which is obviously unacceptable. I had a go at TrueCrypt, EncFS, and a few others, and as far as I could see all of them required that you install some software on the machine that is to use the file system, which makes sense. Unfortunately the firmware on the Terastation is closed and I cannot install any software (and I can't build from source either, since Buffalo didn't include a compiler). Are there any ways to copy files to disk, where as soon as they are written to the disk they are transparently encrypted, without having to install additional software? I'm not sure it matters too much, but the Terastation firmware is Linux based, although as I mentioned, closed. Many thanks, Andreas

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• Geographically distributed file system with preferred locality

  - by dpb

  Hi All -- I'm building a application that needs to distribute a standard file server across a few sites over a WAN. Basically, each site needs to write a lot of misc files of varying size (some in the 100s MB range, but most small), and the application is written such that collisions aren't a problem. I'd like to have a system set up that meets the following qualifications: Each site can store files in a shared "namespace". That is, all the files would show up in the same filesystem. Each site would not send data over the WAN unless necessary. I.e., there would be local storage on each side of the WAN that would be "merged" into the same logical filesystem. Linux & Free ($$$) is a must. Basically, something like a central NFS share would meet most of the requirements, however it would not allow the locally written data to stay local. All data from remote sides of the WAN would be copied locally all the time. I have looked into Lustre, and have run some successful tests with it, however, it appears to distribute files fairly uniformly across the distributed storage. I have dug through the documentation and have not found anything that automatically will "prefer" local storage over remote storage. Even something that went with the lowest latency storage would be fine. It would work most of the time, which would meet this application's requirements. Any ideas?

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• Force local IP traffic to an external interface

  - by calandoa

  I have a machine with several interfaces that I can configure as I want, for instance: eth1: 192.168.1.1 eth2: 192.168.2.2 I would like to forward all the traffic sent to one of these local addresses through the other interface. For instance, all requests to an iperf, ftp, http server at 192.168.1.1 should be not just routed internally, but forwarded through eth2 (and the external network will take care of re-routing the packet to eth1). I tried and looked at several commands, like iptables, ip route, etc... but nothing worked. The closest behavior I could get was done with: ip route change to 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth2 which send all 192.168.1.x on eth2, except for 192.168.1.1 which is still routed internally. May be I could then do NAT forwarding of all traffic directed to fake 192.168.1.2 on eth1, rerouted to 192.168.1.1 internally? I am actually struggling with iptables, but it is too tough for me. The goal of this setup is to do interface driver testing without using two PCs. I am using Linux, but if you know how to do that with Windows, I'll buy it!

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• VPN - local and remote networks IP collision

  - by Guido García

  I have created a VPN connection in Windows using the New Network Connection wizard that comes with Windows. It works without problems in most places, but there is one concrete place where, despite the connection to the remote public IP works fine, it is not able to validate the login/password and establish the VPN connection. In this place, the network is 10.0.0.x (the same I use in other places where I am able to connect). The remote network is 192.168.x.x, so I suspect there is some kind of IP collision, because before connecting, a traceroute to i.e. 192.168.0.40 does not fail. 1 4 ms 1 ms 1 ms LINKSYS [10.0.0.1] 2 5 ms 1 ms 1 ms 172.26.27.1 3 4 ms 5 ms 3 ms 192.168.1.100 ... (more) I can't modify the local network further than the first router (10.0.0.1). That is the only different I've found so far. Any idea about how to solve it? Thank you.

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• Check integrity of Debian system after possible rootkit?

  - by artvolk

  Good day! I have a system that was possible rootkited (the IRC bot was installed and +ai attributes were set on /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /bin, /sbin). The IRC bots were deleted and system was upgraded to 5.0.4 from 4.0. I'm afraid that something in folders I've mentioned was modified. I can't reinstall the box, so if there any way to check integrity of the system? P.S. I have already checked rkhunter and chrootkit. Thanks in advance!

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• Where can I find "system proxy settings"?

  - by Rookie

  Where are these system proxy settings? I noticed my connection has been slow for a while, then I checked the connection settings and was surprised there were set a proxy, but I cant see what exactly it is using. Where can I check which IP it was routing the connection for me ? Here is what I saw from Firefox (12.0) options: http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/4370/sysproxy.png As far as I can remember, it has always been "no proxy" and not "system proxy". Unless new firefox version has set that "system proxy" to default?

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• System Reserved Partition has Drive Letter After Applying a WIM Image with ImageX

  - by user1291332

  I have installed Windows Vista on a computer using ImageX from WinPE. I followed the instructions here for partitioning the hard drive, creating a 300 MB system partition and using the rest of the drive for a Windows partition. The install has worked perfectly apart from the fact that the system partition has been assigned the drive letter C: and the Windows has been assigned the drive letter D:. I would like the system drive to have no letter and the Windows partition to have the drive letter C:. I think I have managed to figure out why it is doing this. See my answer below. Can anyone confirm this?

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• Better performance with memcached cluster or local memcaches?

  - by Nicholas Tolley Cottrell

  I have a small cluster of servers balancing a Java web app. Currently I have 3 memcached servers caching data and all web apps shares all 3 memcached instances. I often get strange slowdowns and timeouts to some of the memcacheds and I wondering if there is a good way of analyzing the performance. I am wondering whether my iptables rules (or some other system limitation) are blocking/slowing connections. I am considering reconfiguring the web apps so that they only query the memcached process on their own localhost.

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• wbadmin incremental system state backup

  - by user74513

  I am doing system state backups on a Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise (Service Pack 1) machine and expected the backups after the first one to be incremental. However with each backup a new directory with vhd files are created and the vhd files are almost the same size as the with the first backup. So the backups does not seem to be incremental. I used the following command to do the backup: wbadmin start systemstatebackup -backupTarget:f: I played around with the settings under "Configure Performance Settings" in the Windows Server Backup plugin in Server Manager but according to the description at the top of the dialog these settings are not applied to system state backups. Are there any settings available for wbadmin system state backup to make the backups incremental?

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• Sending mail through local MTA while domain MX records point to Google Apps

  - by Assaf

  My domain's email is managed by Google Apps, so that domain users get Gmail and Calendar, etc. But I also want to be able to send applicative notifications to users outside the domain via email (e.g. "some commented on your post", and so on). However, if I try to send email through code I get blocked by Gmail after a few emails. I send marketing email through MailChimp, to minimize the risk of appearing as spam to my users (one-click unsubscribe, etc.). But I can't send applicative message in this way. I want to install a local MTA (my server runs Ubuntu), but I'm not sure what anti-spam measures I need to implement so that receiving MTAs don't think it's a spam server. What's stopping anyone from setting up a mail server and sending emails using my domain name? AFAIK it's the DNS records that show the MTA's address actually belongs to the domain. But my understanding of this is rather superficial, so someone please correct me if I'm wrong. But what sort of DNS configuration do I need to put in place so that I don't get blacklisted (assuming I don't actually spam anyone)? The MX records already point to Google, and I'd like to keep it this way. So do I just need to define an A record for my internal mail server? Should it show email as coming from a sub-domain, so as not to conflict with the bare domain being managed by google? Edit: Does the following SPF record make sense if I want email from my domain name to be sent by either google's servers or any server with a dns name ending with mydomain.com? "v=spf1 ptr mx:google.com mx:googlemail.com ~all" How should I set up reverse DNS for my server? If I have an A record that points mailsender.mydomain.com to my MTA's ip address, does it mean that reverse lookup will only allow emails sent from [email protected]?

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