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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• Domain joined computer unable to access servers through VPN

  - by kscott

  Our servers are in a virtual off site hosting center, our office has a vpn connection to the data center, but for reasons I don't understand we also have to connect to the Citrix Access Gateway (CAG) client in order to access the servers. I am a programmer with rather limited ops knowledge including a weak grasp of networking and terminology. Bear with me. I was just given a new laptop, which is a 64 bit Windows 7 system unlike my previous 32 bit Windows XP desktop which was able to connect without issue. My laptop has been joined to the domain so that I login with my AD credentials, I am able to connect to the CAG and get authenticated, and after doing this I can ping our servers and they resolve to the correct internal IP addresses, but I am unable to use remote desktop to the servers, connect to SQL servers through my local SQL Management Studio, navigate to them through the file system, or view any of our internal intranet websites. All of which I was able to do previously. I have tried turning off my Windows firewall and the problem remains, the DNS servers are set to the correct IPs of our domain controllers, and the ops guys here are a little stumped. Does any one have any suggestions?

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• VPN from Windows XP to OpenSwan: correct setup?

  - by Gnudiff

  Main question is what I am doing wrong in my OpenSwan or L2TP client setup? I am trying to create a Linux OpenSwan VPN connection from Windows XP machine, using preshared key and the builtin Windows XP L2TP IPsec option. I have followed the instructions in Linux Home networking Wiki for setting up OpenSwan and a guide to making it work with the Windows XP client, but am now stuck. The net setup is as follows: [my windows client, private IP A]<->[f/wall B]<-internet->[g/w X]<->[Linux OpenSwan server Y] A - private subnet /24 B - internet address X - internet address /24 Y - internet address on same subnet as X What I essentially want is for computer with A address to feel and work, as if it was in X subnet for purposes of outgoing and incoming TCP and UDP connections. My OpenSwan setup is as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf (AAA and YYY indicates ip address parts of A and Y addresses): conn net-to-net authby=secret left=B leftsubnet=AAA.AAA.AAA.0/24 leftnexthop=%defaultroute right=Y rightsubnet=YYY.YYY.YYY.0/24 rightnexthop=B auto=start the secret in /etc/ipsec.secrets is listed as: B Y : PSK "0xMysecretkey" where B & Y stand for respective IP adresses of gateway B and linux server Y My L2TP WinXP setup is: IP of destination: Y don't prompt for username security options: typical, require secured pass, don't require data encryption, IPSec PSK set to 0xMysecretkey networking options: VPN Type: L2TP IPSec VPN; TCPIP protocol (with automatic IP address assignment) and QOS packet schedulers enabled The error I get from Windows client is 789: "error during initial negotiation"

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• Cisco router not receiving OSPF updates

  - by WebDevHobo

  Or at least, that's what I think is happening. There doesn't appear to be a debug command for this, or to see if something is in the routing table. I'm testing out this setup in Packet Tracer. I have 3 routers and a webserver From left to right, you have: Webserver - Router1 - Router2 - Router3 Router1 and Router2 can succesfully ping WebServer. Router3 cannot. Router2 has a default gateway set, to send all not-recognized data through its serial interface to Router1. Like this: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial 0/0/1 Serial 0/0/1 being the connection to Router1 Router2 and Router3 have OSPF configured. From their "show run": Router2: router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes passive-interface Serial0/0/1 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 default-information originate ! Router3: router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 passive-interface FastEthernet0/0 ! I was under the assumption that setting default-information originate on Router2 would give Router3 the needed information. What's going wrong here? The interfaces are up. Ip addresses are with mask-range, clock rate is set at correct end. I don't know what else to check.

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• Changing Mac OS X 10.6 Routing after VPN'd In

  - by Matt Rogish

  I have a coffee shop around the corner that I use to do some work when I want to get away from home. They offer free wi-fi and I then use my Mac 10.6 VPN to log into my work network. I have "Send all traffic over VPN connection" checked. Before, their network was 10.0.0.x. I think they got a new router because it's now 192.168.2.x However, this interferes with one of the subnets at work so now I can't visit 192.168.2.x at work. So: 1) Office network: VPN gives IPs as 192.168.1.x. Another network is 192.168.2.x 2) Coffee network: Gives IPs as 192.168.2.x I think if I set a route to send all 2.x traffic over the tunnel, it would blow up my routing to their system, right? What should I do? I know the individual IPs of the servers I want... Maybe I could add each one, or can I add all of them minus the default gateway of their router? How do I set that up "temporarily" in my Mac? Thanks!!

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• Getting 502 instead of 503 when all backend servers are down running HAProxy behind Apache

  - by scarba05

  I'm testing running HAProxy as a dedicated load balancer behind Apache 2.2, replacing our current configuration where we use Apache's load balancer. In our current, Apache only, set-up if all the backend (origin) servers are down Apache will serve a 503 service unavailable message. With HAProxy I get a 502 bad gateway response. I'm using a simple reverse proxy rewrite rule in Apache RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://127.0.0.1:8000/$1 [last,proxy] In HAProxy I have the following (running in default tcp mode) defaults log global option tcp-smart-accept timeout connect 7s timeout client 60s timeout queue 120s timeout server 60s listen my_server 127.0.0.1:8000 balance leastconn server backend1 127.0.0.1:8001 check observe layer4 maxconn 2 server backend1 127.0.0.1:8001 check observe layer4 maxconn 2 Testing connecting directly to the load balancer when the backend servers are down: [root@dev ~]# wget http://127.0.0.1:8000/ test.html --2012-05-28 11:45:28-- http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Connecting to 127.0.0.1:8000... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... No data received. So presumably this is down to the fact that HAProxy accepts the connection and then closes it.

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  Hey, short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• DNS, subdomain, and IPv6 -- possible to add subdomain.example.com NS record to an IPv6 host?

  - by mpbloch

  example.com is listed with a registrar -- specifically, answerable.com. I want to host a subdomain in-house, specifically home.example.com. I am using an ipv6 gateway, specifically gogo6, to have a public IPv6 address. The IP address looks like 2001:xxxx:xx47. Then http://[2001:xxxx:xx47] goes to my test site (an instance of IIS7). I can add a quad-A record for my primary site -- home.example.com AAAA 2001:xxxx:xx47. Then http//home.example.com loads correctly. Must I add an A or quad-A record for all sub.home.example.com to my answerable.com DNS manager for example.com? Or can I delegate DNS queries to *.home.example.com to the machine at [2001:xxxx:xx47]? I have tried to add a AAAA record for tunnel.example.com to [2001:xxxx:xx47], and then add an NS entry for home.example.com to tunnel.example.com, but browsing then results in "DNS lookup error" from my browser. Is this a configurable scenario? Can DNS for subdomain only be delegated to IPv4 addresses?

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• OpenVPN: ifup tap0 drops all connections

  - by raspi

  I'm trying to create star shaped "virtual" LAN with OpenVPN which is not connected to physical network. ie. tap0 packets should not go to eth0. Packet should only go through OpenVPN to connected clients. This setup works with my OpenVPN testing machine which runs Virtual Box but not on my actual server which is running on top of Xen. Both servers are running Ubuntu Intrepid. /etc/network/interfaces: iface tap0 inet manual address 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 10.10.10.1 /etc/openvpn/server.conf mode server tls-server port 1194 proto udp dev tap client-to-client ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/servername.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/servername.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh384.pem ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt server-bridge 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.128 10.10.10.250 push .route 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 keepalive 5 60 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status /var/log/openvpn-status.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log verb 3 user nobody group nogroup ifup tap0 on Virtual Box: everything ok, SSH keeps running. But on Xen SSH connection drops and I have to reboot whole machine. What I'm missing?

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• SQL SERVER – Curious Case of Disappearing Rows – ON UPDATE CASCADE and ON DELETE CASCADE – Part 1 of 2

  - by pinaldave

  Social media has created an Always Connected World for us. Recently I enrolled myself to learn new technologies as a student. I had decided to focus on learning and decided not to stay connected on the internet while I am in the learning session. On the second day of the event after the learning was over, I noticed lots of notification from my friend on my various social media handle. He had connected with me on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, YouTube as well SMS, WhatsApp on the phone, Skype messages and not to forget with a few emails. I right away called him up. The problem was very unique – let us hear the problem in his own words. “Pinal – we are in big trouble we are not able to figure out what is going on. Our product details table is continuously loosing rows. Lots of rows have disappeared since morning and we are unable to find why the rows are getting deleted. We have made sure that there is no DELETE command executed on the table as well. The matter of the fact, we have removed every single place the code which is referencing the table. We have done so many crazy things out of desperation but no luck. The rows are continuously deleted in a random pattern. Do you think we have problems with intrusion or virus?” After describing the problems he had pasted few rants about why I was not available during the day. I think it will be not smart to post those exact words here (due to many reasons). Well, my immediate reaction was to get online with him. His problem was unique to him and his team was all out to fix the issue since morning. As he said he has done quite a lot out in desperation. I started asking questions from audit, policy management and profiling the data. Very soon I realize that I think this problem was not as advanced as it looked. There was no intrusion, SQL Injection or virus issue. Well, long story short first - It was a very simple issue of foreign key created with ON UPDATE CASCADE and ON DELETE CASCADE.  CASCADE allows deletions or updates of key values to cascade through the tables defined to have foreign key relationships that can be traced back to the table on which the modification is performed. ON DELETE CASCADE specifies that if an attempt is made to delete a row with a key referenced by foreign keys in existing rows in other tables, all rows containing those foreign keys are also deleted. ON UPDATE CASCADE specifies that if an attempt is made to update a key value in a row, where the key value is referenced by foreign keys in existing rows in other tables, all of the foreign key values are also updated to the new value specified for the key. (Reference: BOL) In simple words – due to ON DELETE CASCASE whenever is specified when the data from Table A is deleted and if it is referenced in another table using foreign key it will be deleted as well. In my friend’s case, they had two tables, Products and ProductDetails. They had created foreign key referential integrity of the product id between the table. Now the as fall was up they were updating their catalogue. When they were updating the catalogue they were deleting products which are no more available. As the changes were cascading the corresponding rows were also deleted from another table. This is CORRECT. The matter of the fact, there is no error or anything and SQL Server is behaving how it should be behaving. The problem was in the understanding and inappropriate implementations of business logic.  What they needed was Product Master Table, Current Product Catalogue, and Product Order Details History tables. However, they were using only two tables and without proper understanding the relation between them was build using foreign keys. If there were only two table, they should have used soft delete which will not actually delete the record but just hide it from the original product table. This workaround could have got them saved from cascading delete issues. I will be writing a detailed post on the design implications etc in my future post as in above three lines I cannot cover every issue related to designing and it is also not the scope of the blog post. More about designing in future blog posts. Once they learn their mistake, they were happy as there was no intrusion but trust me sometime we are our own enemy and this is a great example of it. In tomorrow’s blog post we will go over their code and workarounds. Feel free to share your opinions, experiences and comments. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Why am I seeing MailSlot Browse messages on unrouted ports of my Linux box?

  - by nmichaels

  I have a Linux box (Debian squeeze) with several NICs. The ones of interest are: eth3 - my main link to the network (dhcp on 10.20.30.0/24) eth0 - the first connection to my test network (static: 192.168.1.2) eth4 - the second connection to my test network (static: 192.168.1.1) My routing table looks like this: $ sudo route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.20.30.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth3 default 10.20.30.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth3 I have the 2 test net ports connected to each other with a crossover cable and an instance of wireshark running on each port. Every once in a while, I'll see a packet like the following show up. Who could be doing this, and how do I convince them to stop? I do have Samba running on the machine (for a cifs mount) but don't see why it would be sending packets out to unrouted ports. I had a Windows VM running in VMWare Client and thought that might be causing it, but it still happens without it. What I want is totally silent interfaces so I can run some tests with Scapy over them.

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• Need Routing help (tagged/untagged)

  - by TheCleaner

  I really need some help trying to figure some "basic" routing. My brain is fried from being sick for a week and I'm not thinking clearly. Picture below describes my "setup". I'm trying to accomplish routing a user from their workstation to the Juniper SSG520 and then "OUT" through the internet connection. I can't move the connection as it is physically located where the user's switch is. Here's what I CAN do at this point: I can ping from the Juniper SSG520 eth3/3 to 6x.xxx.253.116 from 6x.xxx.253.114 I can ping from the x450 in the top right to 6x.xxx.253.112 from 6x.xxx.253.116 What I CANNOT DO: I cannot ping from the SSG520 eth3/3 to 6x.xxx.253.112 from 6x.xxx.253.114 (basically from the Juniper box to the gateway. I've tried changing port 1 in the x450 VLAN 666 as tagged but when I do that then I can't even ping from the Juniper SSG520 eth3/3 to the VLAN on the x450 (6x.xxx.253.116). I need to route traffic out the eth3/3 interface on the SSG520 THROUGH the 2 x450 Switches and out the internet connection. The caveat is that the 2 x450 switches are connected via fiber over distance and have tagged VLANs in them for the routing. Thoughts? http://img251.imageshack.us/img251/7752/drawing1.jpg

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• Nginx + PHP5-FPM repeated cut outs 502

  - by James

  I've seen a number of questions here that highlight random 502 (Nginx + PHP-FPM = "Random" 502 Bad Gateway) and similar time outs when using Nginx + PHP-FPM. Even with all the questions, I'm still unable to find a solution. Using Ubuntu 10.10 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM + APC and every 1 out of 4 requests ends in a timeout and failure. This isn't a load issue or large traffic, it happens even in dev environment with one person. I am doing this across 3 1GB machines, each with the same configurations and same problems. fastcgi_params fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; /etc/php5/fpm/main.conf ; FPM Configuration ; ;include=/etc/php5/fpm/*.conf ; Global Options ; pid = /var/run/php5-fpm.pid error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm.log ;log_level = notice ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ;daemonize = yes ; Pool Definitions ; include=/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/*.conf /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf [www] listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 ;listen.backlog = -1 ;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 ;listen.owner = www-data ;listen.group = www-data ;listen.mode = 0666 user = www-data group = www-data ;pm.max_children = 50 pm.max_children = 15 ;pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 ;pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 ;pm.max_requests = 500 ;pm.status_path = /status ;ping.path = /ping ;ping.response = pong request_terminate_timeout = 30 ;request_slowlog_timeout = 0 ;slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm.log.slow ;rlimit_files = 1024 ;rlimit_core = 0 ;chroot = chdir = /var/www ;catch_workers_output = yes

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• postfix says mail sent ok, message does not arrive in ISPs inbox? no reject in log?

  - by Nick

  When I send a test message from my mail server to my @bellsouth.net email, The postfix log shows it was sent OK, but the message never arrives in my bellsouth inbox. Shouldn't I get a failure notice or a bounce if At&T is blocking the messages? I'm trying to troubleshoot why some customers aren't getting emails, but if there's nothing in mail.log to say the message is rejected, how do I know which messages were delivered successfully? The log shows: Feb 27 09:02:36 MyHOSTNAME postfix/pickup[26175]: D53A72713E5: uid=0 from=<root> Feb 27 09:02:36 MyHOSTNAME postfix/cleanup[26487]: D53A72713E5: message-id=<[email protected]> Feb 27 09:02:36 MyHOSTNAME postfix/qmgr[5595]: D53A72713E5: from=<[email protected]>, size=878, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Feb 27 09:02:37 MyHOSTNAME postfix/smtp[26490]: D53A72713E5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=gateway-f1.isp.att.net[204.127.217.16]:25, delay=0.57, delays=0.11/0.03/0.23/0.19, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 ok ; id=20120227140036M0700qer4ne) Feb 27 09:02:37 MyHOSTNAME postfix/qmgr[5595]: D53A72713E5: removed The AT&T server accepted the message, right? I happen to have an At&T/Bellsouth email, but I don't have an account with every ISP we send to. I need some way of knowing if a message is getting to its destination or not. Is there any setting in my main.cf file that would affect whether or not we get reject/bounce notices?

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• SCM8014 to FVS338

  - by Jack

  I have a SMC8014 Router/Modem that Comcast provided me with their business class service. It was not filtering malicious traffic as aggressively as I had hoped, so I purchased a NetGear ProSafe FVS338, and put this behind the SMC8014, and all my machines behind that. After some brief configuration, all machines can see out to the internet. I also have a single web server, and I have not been able to configure things so that incoming requests can reach it. This is where I need help! I would like to have the FVS339 do NAT, so that I can assign a 192.168 address to my webserver. I've tried everything I know of, and I can't get things going. I set the SMC8014 to have a LAN facing IP of 10.0.0.1, and I assigned the FVS339 a WAN facing IP of 10.0.0.2. I would like to be able to tell the SMC8014 to just forward all traffic to 10.0.0.2, but I haven't had any success. In my (unfortunately limited) understanding, what I probably want here is a static route, but I don't know how to cofigure one, or if this is really what I want. The SMC8014 wants a Destination IP, a Subnet Mask and a Gateway IP. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Adding a Second Wireless Router to an Existing Wired Network

  - by KVCrawford

  I apologize ahead of time, I know this has been asked before, but I'm still having problems...maybe you guys can help. I started out with the basic instructions from the highest-voted answer at http://serverfault.com/questions/41572/adding-a-second-wireless-router-to-my-network The new Wireless router in question is a Linksys Wireless-N Gigabit Router, Model # WRT310N Here are the steps I've taken in setting it up: Plug my laptop into LAN port #2 in the new router. Nothing else is connected at this point Configure the new router to be 192.168.1.200 (the original router is 192.168.1.1, and its DHCP clients are from 192.168.1.100-x.x.x.199) Set the internet connection on the new router to "DHCP Client" Turn off the DHCP server & NAT routing on the new router Plug in a LAN cable from the original router into the LAN port #1 on the new router (NOT the WAN port, nothing is plugged in there) Reset the new router Afterwards, I try to ping 192.168.1.1 from the laptop plugged into LAN port #2 on the new router, with no response. 192.168.1.200 garners no response either. Typing "ipconfig" tells me: Autoconfiguration IP Address: 169.254.198.113 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway: 169.254.198.113 What's going wrong? I appreciate any help!

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• weird routes automatically being added to windows routing table

  - by simon

  On our windows 2003 domain, with XP clients, we have started seeing routes appearing in the routing tables on both the servers and the clients. The route is a /32 for another computer on the domain. The route gets added when one windows computer connects to another computer and needs to authenticate. For example, if computer A with ip 10.0.1.5/24 browses the c: drive of computer B with ip 10.0.2.5/24, a static route will get added on computer B like so: dest netmask gateway interface 10.0.1.5 255.255.255.255 10.0.2.1 10.0.2.5 This also happens on windows authenticated SQL server connections. It does not happen when computers A and B are on the same subnet. None of the servers have RIP or any other routing protocols enabled, and there are no batch files etc setting routes automatically. There is another windows domain that we manage with a near identical configuration that is not exhibiting this behaviour. The only difference with this domain is that it is not up to date with its patches. Is this meant to be happening? Has anyone else seen this? Why is it needed when I have perfectly good default gateways set on all the computers on the domain?!

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• Can't remove route from routing table

  - by anon

  (I am on Windows Server 2003.) I see a couple of unusual entries in my routing table that I would like to remove: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric XXX.27.44.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 XXX.27.255.255 255.255.255.255 XXX.27.44.1 XXX.27.44.1 20 All the "XXX"'s are the same octet. I would strongly prefer NOT to clear the routing table, since this is a production server. Here is what I've tried: route delete XXX.27.44.1 The route specified was not found. route delete XXX.27.44.1 mask 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 metric 20 The route specified was not found. route delete XXX.27.255.255 The route specified was not found. route delete XXX.27.255.255 mask 255.255.255.255 XXX.27.44.1 metric 20 The route specified was not found. I also tried adding the routes in hopes that I could delete them: route add XXX.27.44.1 mask 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 metric 20 The route addition failed: The parameter is incorrect. route add XXX.27.255.255 mask 255.255.255.255 XXX.27.44.1 metric 20 The route addition failed: The parameter is incorrect. Bonus question: What do these entries do, and how did they get there?

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• ISA Server dropping packets as it believes they are spoofed

  - by RB

  We have ISA Server 2004 running on Windows Server 2003 SP2. It has 2 NICs - one internal called LAN on 192.168.16.2, with a subnet of 255.255.255.0, and one external called WAN on 93.x.x.2. The default gateway is 93.x.x.1 (our modem). This machine also accepts VPN connections. We are having a problem with a scanner, which is trying to save a scan into a network share. Every time we try to scan, ISA Server logs the following Denied Connection Log type: Firewall service Status: A packet was dropped because ISA Server determined that the source IP address is spoofed. Rule: Source: Internal ( 192.168.16.54:1024) Destination: Internal ( 192.168.16.255:137) Protocol: NetBios Name Service Pinging 192.168.16.54 from the ISA Server works fine. In ISA Server, going into Configuration → Networks, there are 5 Networks : - External (inbuilt) - Internal (defined as 192.168.16.0 → 192.168.16.255) - Local Host (inbuilt) - Quarantined VPN Clients (inbuilt) - VPN Clients (inbuilt) Finally, under Network Connections → Advanced → Advanced Settings..., the connections are in the following order : - LAN - WAN - [Remote Access Connections] If we try to scan onto a workstation it works fine. Please let me know if you need any more info - many thanks. RB.

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• Solaris 10: cannot ping to/from server

  - by anurag kohli

  All, I have a Solaris 10 server which is not reachable by IP (ie can't ping to/from the server). I believe I have the default route setup correctly. See below: # ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 bge0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.62.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.62.255 ether 0:14:4f:b1:9b:30 # netstat -rn Routing Table: IPv4 Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface -------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ --------- 192.168.62.0 192.168.62.100 U 1 40 bge0 224.0.0.0 192.168.62.100 U 1 0 bge0 default 192.168.62.1 UG 1 0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 1 4 lo0 # # cat /etc/defaultrouter 192.168.62.1 I have verified layer1 and layer 2 are up on the switchport, and that it's on the correct VLAN. I have also checked the default gateawy (192.168.62.1) is in fact reachable since I can ping it from my PC: Pinging 192.168.62.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.62.1: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=254 I'm at a loss as to what is wrong. I would highly appreciated your assistance. Thank you very much.

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• Squid with mikrotik router

  - by niren

  I tried to connect squid3 in my network to use high anonymity proxy. This is how my network is right now WAN LINK | ------------- ----------------------------- | Mikrotik Box | | Ubuntu Server with squid3 | ------------- ----------------------------- | / | / ---------------------- | Switch ( Cheap one ) | ---------------------- | | | Client1 Client2 Client3 etc. after this setup I changed squid.conf in Ubuntu server as http_port 8080 acl localhost src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(Ubuntu server IP) acl to_localhost dst xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(Mikrotik router gateway) I assume that redirected http from Mikrotik router will be redirect again to Mikrotik router. uncomment access log /var/log/squid3/access.log add visible_hostname myname save squid.conf and restart squid3 server. Then I have added nat rule in Mikrotik router ip/firewall/nat 1. add chain=dstnat src_address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(ununtu server IP) dst-port=80 protocol=tcp action=accept 2. add chain=dstnat src_address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/28(LAN address) dst-port=80 protocol=tcp action=dst-nat to-address=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx(ununtu server IP) to-port=8080 now I can not able to access internet from client1 system, If I remove these two nat rule then I can access internet. what is wrong I have made?

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• Debian: Should I add vlan interface into bridge for KVM?

  - by javano

  I am setting up a Debian Squeeze box as a KVM host. I want to add multiple interfaces to each KVM guest so I want them to be on different VLANs. After reading about this, I believe the best method is to add multiple logical VLAN (sub)-interfaces to the physical NICs and then create a bridge adapter for each VLAN interace, and assign each bridge as a NIC for KVM guests. Does this make good sense, or madness? Do I have to use bridged interfaces with KVM like this? Can't I just add eth1.xx and eth1.yy to my interfaces config below and then configure those directly as bridged KVM guest NICs? If so, how should this look in the interfaces config file below? user@host:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Management Interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.22.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.22.0.1 # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 # Guest1 : Use VLAN 117 auto eth1.117 iface eth1.117 inet manual # Set up br1 for guest 1, bridging with vlan 117 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports eth1.117 bridge_stp off user@host:~$ uname -a Linux hostname 3.4.9 #1 SMP Wed Aug 22 19:08:46 BST 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux UPDATE I would really like it if someone could clarify the config for me, as I have also seen the above configured with this syntax, so I don't see why one would be preferred over the other; # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static # Vlan 117 for guest 1 auto vlan 117 iface vlan111 inet static vlan_raw_device eth1 # Guest 1 : NIC 1 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports vlan117 bridge_stp off

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• xt_TCPMSS: bad length messages

  - by Matic

  Hey! I'm getting loads of messages like: Jun 23 10:24:20 awakening kernel: [ 1691.596823] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:21 awakening kernel: [ 1692.663362] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1448 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:21 awakening kernel: [ 1692.663495] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1448 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:21 awakening kernel: [ 1692.663588] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1448 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:21 awakening kernel: [ 1692.663671] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1440 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:26 awakening kernel: [ 1697.062914] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (474 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:26 awakening kernel: [ 1697.305525] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:27 awakening kernel: [ 1698.946633] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:36 awakening kernel: [ 1707.481198] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:37 awakening kernel: [ 1708.723526] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (805 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:38 awakening kernel: [ 1709.599461] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (805 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:41 awakening kernel: [ 1712.211052] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:41 awakening kernel: [ 1712.260588] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:41 awakening kernel: [ 1712.976058] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:43 awakening kernel: [ 1714.225209] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:43 awakening kernel: [ 1714.914961] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1492 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:55 awakening kernel: [ 1726.192696] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1480 bytes) Jun 23 10:24:55 awakening kernel: [ 1726.192825] xt_TCPMSS: bad length (1480 bytes) In my dmesg/syslog. This linux machine is among other things used as an internet gateway. Connection is over PPPoE. I have the following line in my iptables script: $IPT -A FORWARD -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN -j TCPMSS --clamp-mss-to-pmtu # PPPoE fix The frequency of this messages increased 10x when I upgraded from Debian lenny with 2.6.27 to squeeze with 2.6.32 few days ago. Why am I seeing this messages and how can I fix them?

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• When I restart my LXC environment, the container does not re-bind to the IP address

  - by RoboTamer

  The IP does no longer respond to a remote ping With restart I mean: lxc-stop -n vm3 lxc-start -n vm3 -f /etc/lxc/vm3.conf -d -- /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback up route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo down route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.22.189.58 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 192.22.189.57 broadcast 192.22.189.63 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off post-up ip route add 192.22.189.59 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.60 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.61 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.62 dev br0 -- /etc/lxc/vm3.conf lxc.utsname = vm3 lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs lxc.tty = 4 #lxc.pts = 1024 # pseudo tty instance for strict isolation lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.name = eth0 lxc.network.mtu = 1500 #lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0 # security parameter lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a # Deny all access to devices lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm # dev/null lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm # dev/zero lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm # dev/console lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm # dev/tty lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm # dev/tty0 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm # dev/tty1 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:2 rwm # dev/tty2 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm # dev/urandon lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm # dev/random lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm # dev/pts/* lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm # dev/pts/ptmx lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm # rtc # mounts point lxc.mount.entry=proc /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=devpts /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=sysfs /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/sys sysfs defaults 0 0

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• Debian DNSSEC - howto secure a domain?

  - by Daniel Marschall

  I have a beginner question about DNSSEC. I have much experience with TLS and cryptography-stuff and would like to try out this new technology. I have googled very much about this but I haven't found useful information for me. I think one confusion in information gathering is that "Debian howto DNSSEC setup" can mean "How to USE DNSSEC for resolving" OR "How to secure your domain with DNSSEC". I am searching the second. I am running a Debian Squeeze server with root privileges which has a domain name ending with ".de" (which is already signed by the root zone). The network interface at this server uses the gateway IP (DNS resolver?) of the datacentre the server is running on. My domain is hosted at freedns.afraid.org , where I can add DNS RRs for my domain. They are currently NOT capable of adding DNSSEC RRs, but I am bugging them to support this soon. ;-) My simple question is: How do I setup DNSSEC on Debian? Resp. who have I ask to? As far as I understand, all I have to do is to run dnssec-keygen on my Debian server and then add the key to my DNS-provider as DNSSEC RR. (And change it every 30 days?) I have looked at this http://www.isc.org/files/DNSSEC_in_6_minutes.pdf but it looks like you have to be the owner of a ZONE, so I don't think this applies to me. Who needs to sign my domain? My DNS-provider or my zone (DeNIC) or can I do it myself? Any help is very appreciated!

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