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• create vmware virtual machine via command line on linux system

  - by tom smith

  evaluating/investigating vmware, and how you create a "virtual machine" using the command line for rhel/centos. basically, i want to be able to create a test virtual machine and then be able to run the VM on another system using the virtual player. so, i'm looking for pointers/articles/instructions that detail what i need (in terms of tools/apps) and the steps needed to accomplish this. i've seen a few articles/sites that discuss creating virtual machines, but they all involve using the GUI. thanks update:: while vmware is the company. there are different tools/apps provided to create a Virtual Machine. Basically, I want to do a test, to ultimately have a Virtual Machine/Image that can be run on a separate server using the vmplayer app I've seen docs that discuss using the GUI to create the VM, but haven't found any (yet) that discuss how to accomplish this using the command line approach. thanks...

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• SSH Access Denied despite correct credentials being used

  - by columbo

  Hello, I have a remote CentOS server to which I had SSH access to. Today when I try to log in via SSH I just get Access Denied even though I am using the correct credentials. I have plesk 9 access and so have reset the admin password and tried to SSH using that password but to no avail. I even created a new user with SSH access rights and tried to log in as them but again failed with the same access denied. I have rebooted. Can anyone offer any advice? There is no file manager in plesk other than for the web domains so I can't get at any system files to see what is going on. Any advice appreciated.

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• Qmail & Open Relay on local domains

  - by Jonathan

  Hello. I have a dedicated server on 1&1 and I manage it with Plesk. The problem is that if I try to send a mail outside the server, I must to authenticate with the email and the password, but if I send an email to a address inside of my server I don't need neither email or password. This is a problem because the spammers are sending mails without any problem to the server accounts. We are receiving about 900 - 1200 emails everyday! What can I do? I use qmail on CentOS Thanks

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• How to config PHP libxml path after updated libxml from 2.2.26 to 2.9

  - by Cauliturtle

  our servers need to update the libxml2 version from 2.2.26 to 2.9 (latest version). It is no problem that we have been installed the libxml2-2.9 version on our servers. but the problem is how can we config the libs path of libxml2 path in php? Since it still show the old version on phpinfo(). What we have do is 1. Install libxml2 2.7.X on CentOS 5.X Using yum to install local files, and typed yum info libxml2, it shows 2.9 was installed. Thanks!

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• Groups and Symlinks, is this safe?

  - by sjohns

  Hi, Im trying to serve similar content over two websites, but don't want to have 2 of each file, especially when they are growing. The basics, im running CentOS, with cPanel. Is it safe to do the following, I have folder downloads1 in /home/user1/www/downloads1/ i have user2, can i make a group - groupadd sharedfiles add both users to the group: useradd -g sharedfiles user1 useradd -g sharedfiles user2 then chown -r -v user1:sharedfiles downloads1/ User 2 i want to have /home/user2/www/downloads1 but i want it to be a symlink like ln "downloads1" "/home/user1/www/downloads1/" lrwxrwxrwx 1 user2 sharedfiles 11 May 9 14:20 downloads1 -> /home/user1/www/downloads1/ Is this a safe practice? Or is there a better way to do this if I want them both to be able to share the files for distribution over apache. Is there any drawbacks to this? Thanks in advance for any light shed on this. I'm not 100% sure weather this should have gone here or on serverfault.

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• Groups and Symlinks, is this safe?

  - by sjohns

  Hi, Im trying to serve similar content over two websites, but don't want to have 2 of each file, especially when they are growing. The basics, im running CentOS, with cPanel. Is it safe to do the following, I have folder downloads1 in /home/user1/www/downloads1/ i have user2, can i make a group - groupadd sharedfiles add both users to the group: useradd -g sharedfiles user1 useradd -g sharedfiles user2 then chown -r -v user1:sharedfiles downloads1/ User 2 i want to have /home/user2/www/downloads1 but i want it to be a symlink like ln "downloads1" "/home/user1/www/downloads1/" lrwxrwxrwx 1 user2 sharedfiles 11 May 9 14:20 downloads1 -> /home/user1/www/downloads1/ Is this a safe practice? Or is there a better way to do this if I want them both to be able to share the files for distribution over apache. Is there any drawbacks to this? Thanks in advance for any light shed on this. I'm not 100% sure weather this should have gone here or on serverfault.

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• How can I find the original un-changed configuration file to compare with the *.rpmnew file?

  - by User

  While upgrading from CentOS 5.7 to 5.8 I've received the following warnings: warning: /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config created as /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config.rpmnew warning: /etc/ssh/sshd_config created as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew warning: /etc/odbcinst.ini created as /etc/odbcinst.ini.rpmnew (To know the reason for such files, and what one can do with them read - Why do I have .rpmnew file after an update? ) I want to know what exactly has been change in the default config file by comparing the old default file (the original un-changed configuration file) with the new default file (*.rpmnew). Then, I can apply the changes to my modified file (aka diff merge). The problem is I don't know where can I find the original un-changed configuration file...

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• Updating autoreconf

  - by AzaraT

  So I need to use the autoreconf to configure a package. However I need at least version 2.61. I'm on CentOS 5.8 and it seems like there's no package for it so I went on to compile it myself. So I get the source of autoconf from http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/ and compiled that. And sure when I do autoconf -V it shows up as version 2.68 which is indeed the latest version. However autoreconf (nothing the re) still shows up as the old version 2.59 which causes me some problems. So could someone help a relatively new linux user, updating autoreconf properly? Thanks

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• Install PHP 5.1.2, Requires: libcurl.so.3()(64bit) error

  - by Scott Rowley

  I'm trying to install php 5.1.2 on a CentOS 6 server (for grandfathering in old websites). I downloaded an RPM file ( php-5.1.2-5.x86_64.rpm ), but when I use: yum install php-5.1.2-5.x86_64.rpm I get the following error: Error: Package: php-5.1.2-5.x86_64 (/php-5.1.2-5.x86_64) Requires: libcurl.so.3()(64bit) I have tried several things including the following: ln -s /usr/lib64/libcurl.so.4 /usr/lib64/libcurl.so.3 (To make it symlink to the newer version) Downloaded curl-7.15.5-2.1.el5_3.5.x86_64.rpm and took the libcurl.so.3 out of the rpm and placed it in /usr/lib64/libcurl.so.3 with the same permissions as libcurl.so.4. Nothing has worked. Any ideas?

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• how to start with unmanaged vps?

  - by GaVrA

  Hello! I have a managed VPS, so whatever i need i can just ask my support, and they will do it for me. Now i plan to migrate to unmanaged VPS, so i need some guides, tips on how and where to start learning. I will have more specific questions once i start using it, but now i just need some general answers about this topic. Thanks. Update: Ok, i have decided to go for unmanaged VPS with cPanel. OS is CentOS-5. I contacted support only for some small(i think) things like creating new account in whm, some database importing, installing new software(rare)... What i will be using is apache, php, mysql. I think i will be able to cope with upgrading to new versions, so the thing that interests me the most is security i guess.

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• Bash & 'su' script giving an error "standard in must be a tty".

  - by sHz

  Folks, I'm having an issue with a bash script which runs a particular command as a different user. The background: Running on a Linux box (CentOS), the script is quite simple, its starting the hudson-ci application. declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r RUNAS=hudson declare -r HOME=/home/hudson declare -r LOG=hudson.log declare -r PID=hudson.pid declare -r BINARY=hudson.war su - ${RUNAS} -c "nohup java -jar ${HOME}/${BINARY} >> ${HOME}/${LOG} 2>&1; echo $! > ${HOME}/${PID}" & This is the bridged version of the script, when run, the script exists with "standard in must be a tty". Any ideas on what I could be doing wrong? I've tried Dr Google and all the advise hasn't helped thus far.

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• Bind is updating DNS with wrong resolver info after rndc flush expires

  - by RussH

  I'm running Bind 9 on a small office server (Centos 5) with a local mailserver. There's a domain we need to email - it shows wrong DNS info for the MX servers using the local bind, so an RNDC flush updates this correctly - but then, after some time - it reverts back to the wrong resolver. I would have thought that 'rndc flush' just clears the local cache and pulls all the authoritative info down - so why is it being overwritten (by what seems like the next update)? where do I need to look? Presumably there's some named logging(?) to determine where it's getting the [new or cached] updates from?

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• Apache user owns git project root, with git-http-backend setup, but still having permissions problems

  - by Luke

  I've setup git-http-backend on my vps server (CentOS), under one of its users. The apache user owns the git project root directory - /home/theuser/git/, as below: drwxrwxr-x 3 apache apache The apache user also owns everything inside that directory. But I'm still getting the following error in git when trying to push: error: unpack failed: unpack-objects abnormal exit The apache error log shows the following error: error: insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database ./objects I've tried every combination of user permissions and enabled read/write access, but not getting anywhere. Should the git user own this folder? Can someone explain exactly what user should own this folder, or what steps I might take to fix this problem?

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• Forward request through IPTables

  - by Jeremy

  I have a server running CentOS with 50 IP addresses on it. I was looking to use it as a proxy server (not just HTTP), but can't find any examples on how to set up the IP Tables. I want to proxy into IP-X and have my request look like its coming from IP-X. I currently do this on squid, but we need to proxy more than just HTTP traffic. Here is an example of the squid config: acl users src 255.255.255.255 #Locked down IP address acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 # http access rules http_access deny !users http_access allow users http_reply_access deny !users http_reply_access allow users icp_access deny all #ip_addresses acl ip3 myip 10.1.1.3 tcp_outgoing_address 10.1.1.3 ip3 Do to IP restrictions I need access to IMAP, POP and SMTP through a proxy. I want to use the server I already pay for that has 50 IPs on it as the proxy server.

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• startup cassandra layout

  - by davidkomer

  We've got a relatively low-traffic site (~1K pageviews/day) hosted on a single server, and expect it to grow significantly over the next few years. I'm thinking of moving over to Rackspace CloudServer or EC2 and firing up 3 nodes (all on CentOS): 2 x Web (Apache) - with loadbalancer 1 x MySQL (for the Wordpress powered part) The question is where to put Cassandra right now... Should it sit on each Web node, or the MySQL node? My thought right now is to put it on Web nodes. It's my understanding that Cassandra has the benefits of fault-tolerance (i.e. if we take a node down, the site is still operational). So even with only 2 nodes, we'd have that benefit as opposed to just putting it on the MySQL node. Also, as we scale up and add another node, a cassandra instance can come along with it and the php can always run its queries on localhost. Is this a good idea?

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• First request too slow even if I have a load balancer in the back

  - by adrian7

  I have an Apache 2 on Centos + bind with a wordpress website on it (e.g example.com). I have also set up, on another server in a different contry a load balancer (varnish:80 + nginx 127.0.0.1:8080) for it - which task is to server all static content under /wp-content/. Using Simple DNS editor I added an A entry to cdn.example.com pointing to the server's IP. So no extra work from a 2nd dns server. Then using htaccess I redirect all requests to jpg|gif|css|js files to cdn.example.com. That works and all files are saved on the "cdn" server and served right away. My problem is that for the first time I enter on example.com (e.g after restarting the computer or closing the browser) the load time is 1 up to 3 seconds, while any subsequent page loads take only 300 to 600 miliseconds. I know it might be a DNS issue, but I have done a cache check on several websites and cdn.example.com indicates the right IP. Do you have any ideas where I should dig to solve this first-time slowness?

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• mail refused by port 25

  - by shantanuo

  When I try to send a mail from my Linux (CentOS) server, the exit status is 0, but the mail never reaches it's destination. The /var/log/maillog file has an entry something like this... Mar 18 06:33:01 app11 postfix/qmgr[22454]: F18FD9F6074: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.01, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.45.27]: Connection refused) Am I blocked by google? I tried to send a mail to some other mail server and got the similar result. Mar 18 06:33:01 app1 postfix/smtp[15460]: connect to acsinet11.xxx.com[111.222.333.444]: Connection refused (port 25) How do I correct this problem?

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• Migrating to ssh key authentication; implications of adding sbin's to users $PATH

  - by ancillary

  I'm in the process of migrating to key's for authentication on my CentOS boxes. I have it all set up and working, but was a bit taken aback when I noticed service (and other things) didn't work the way I was accustomed to. Even after su'ing to root, still had to call the full path for it to work (which I assume to be expected/normal behavior). I also assume this is because there are different $PATH's for root (what I was using and am used to) and the newly created, key-using user. Specifically, I noticed the sbin's of the world missing from the user path. If I were to add those paths (/sbin/,/usr/sbin/,/usr/local/sbin) to a profile.d .sh script for this new key-loving user, would: I be opening up the system in ways I shouldn't be? I be doing something I needn't do save for reasons of laziness? I create other potential problems? Thanks.

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• What is the best way to back up dedicated web server? (Amanda versus Rsync)

  - by Scott

  Hello everyone, I am trying to establish valid back ups for my web server. It is a linux box on CentOS. I have asked around and "rsync" was suggested by some of the server fault community. However, my coworker at work says that this is really only moving over the physical files and isn't really a usable "snapshot." He suggested using "amanda" and that this did full server snapshots that are more what I am accustomed to. I know at my company we have virtual machines that we take snapshots of and we can restore everything back to just as they were with little effort and little downtime. Is this possible with rsync? Or would I need to create a new server and then migrate the files back and do various configurations? I think I prefer being able to just reset everything to a point in time. Forgive my ignorance, Back ups are something that I have never really had to worry about before.

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• How can I check the location of perl and CPAN files?

  - by Rob

  I constantly have to set up new servers for an employer of mine for an exact purpose of his, and as such they all have to be set up in exactly the same way. So I've created a script in PHP that I run from my own box to automatically send over all the relevant files, compile everything, run updates, and everything else. However, for some reason these brand new servers come with perl, which is fine, but they have perl installed in different locations. This makes it a pain for me to copy over Config.pm for CPAN without going in and finding the location manually. Is there perhaps some command I'm unaware of that will hunt down the precise location? If it helps, usually the servers are CentOS 5

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• nslookup gives wrong ip for my domain

  - by Werulz

  I am having some problem in trying to setup DNS for my domain on my server. This tutorial normally works fine for me but when i tried to lookup my domain it gives the following output Server: 4.2.2.1 Address: 4.2.2.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: 119.100.79.64.in-addr.arpa name = server.leech4ever.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: The server and the address are wrong according to the tutorial Here is tutorial http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:rR7Z4YU4GI0J:www.broexperts.com/2012/03/linux-dns-bind-configuration-on-centos-6-2/+broexperts+bind&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=mu /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 64.79.100.119 server.leech4ever.com server /etc/resolve.conf search leech4ever.com nameserver 64.79.100.119 /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 4.2.2.1 nameserver 4.2.2.2 How to solve this problem guys.....The tutorial was flawless until i did a server restore

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• PPTP: Linux clients unreachable

  - by Bahman

  I have setup a PPTP server on a CentOS 6 box. Several clients (Windows and Linux) connect to this server. All clients use the same subnet. All clients (Win or Lin) can surf the Internet using the VPN successfully. Windows clients can ping any other Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. Linux clients (KVPNC) can ping any Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. So far so good. But there's this weird problem and I've been trying to figure it out with no luck: No client can ping (reach) a Linux client (successfully) connected to VPN. And yes, the firewall is completely disabled. I'd really appreciate any hint/idea. TIA, EDIT: The ultimate goal of this is to share services across the VPN, like accessing a HTTPD running on a Linux box from a Windows client.

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• Monitor or log directory permission changes?

  - by Myles

  I'm having an issue with a cPanel shared server running CentOS 5 where a few directories under the public_html folder keep getting changed to 777 from 755. The customer says they are not changing it and i'm wondering if there is a way to monitor these specific directories to find out who/what is changing the permissions. I have looked into using auditctl and after testing it and changing the permissions myself I don't see anything in the logs so i'm not sure if i'm doing it right or if it's even possible. Does anybody have any suggestions or ideas on how I could figure out what is changing the permissions? Thanks!!

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• vi visual mode doesn't work

  - by BobMarley

  I'm running vim (7.0.237) after sshing to a remote CentOS box, and it just won't enter visual mode. When I press 'v', it just beeps and does nothing. I'm running Ubuntu with GNOME Terminal, and the local copy of vi works fine, so I don't see how this could be a problem with the terminal. I have the same .vimrc file on the local and remote machines, and the only settings are: set nocompatible; set tabstop=4. I'm at a total loss here, any ideas?

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• asterisk incoming/miss call notification (to skype)

  - by tike

  My environment: Centos 5.6, Asterisk with freepbx , skype i.e.sends message with parameter skype.sh skype_user message. Now i wanted to send skype notification so that my asterisk server notification are sent to skype rather than email (or to both skype and email). I know, there is voicemail.conf, voicemail_general and vm_email.inc, which has these body created. vm_email.inc emailbody=${VM_NAME},\n\nThere is a new voicemail in mailbox ${VM_MAILBOX} But i dont see where is something like "mail" command. What my thought to do is: instead of saying "mailcmd" pass system ( /path/to/script) and it would simply send message as rest is already configured. Any suggestion where i could run script rather than sending email Or Executing script on every incoming call, so that i could send as notification on every call over the Skype. (however, ultimate goal is to achieve miss call notification or voice mail notification over Skype.)

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