multiple languages - Page 959

MySQL Config File for Large System

- by Jonathon

We are running MySQL on a Windows 2003 Server Enterpise Edition box. MySQL is about the only program running on the box. We have approx. 8 slaves replicated to it, but my understanding is that having multiple slaves connecting to the same master does not significantly slow down performance, if at all. The master server has 16G RAM, 10 Terabyte drives in RAID 10, and four dual-core processors. From what I have seen from other sites, we have a really robust machine as our master db server. We just upgraded from a machine with only 4G RAM, but with similar hard drives, RAID, etc. It also ran Apache on it, so it was our db server and our application server. It was getting a little slow, so we split the db server onto this new machine and kept the application server on the first machine. We also distributed the application load amongst a few of our other slave servers, which also run the application. The problem is the new db server has mysqld.exe consuming 95-100% of CPU almost all the time and is really causing the app to run slowly. I know we have several queries and table structures that could be better optimized, but since they worked okay on the older, smaller server, I assume that our my.ini (MySQL config) file is not properly configured. Most of what I see on the net is for setting config files on small machines, so can anyone help me get the my.ini file correct for a large dedicated machine like ours? I just don't see how mysqld could get so bogged down! FYI: We have about 100 queries per second. We only use MyISAM tables, so skip-innodb is set in the ini file. And yes, I know it is reading the ini file correctly because I can change some settings (like the server-id and it will kill the server at startup). Here is the my.ini file: #MySQL Server Instance Configuration File # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard # # # Installation Instructions # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option # "--defaults-file". # # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a # command line shell, e.g. # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" # # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g. # net start MySQLXY # # # Guildlines for editing this file # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports. # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program # with the "--help" option. # # More detailed information about the individual options can also be # found in the manual. # # # CLIENT SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the # MySQL client library initialization. # [client] port=3306 [mysql] default-character-set=latin1 # SERVER SECTION # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this # file. # [mysqld] # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on port=3306 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this. basedir="D:/MySQL/" #Path to the database root datadir="D:/MySQL/data" # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is # created and no character set is defined default-character-set=latin1 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when default-storage-engine=MYISAM # Set the SQL mode to strict #sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" # we changed this because there are a couple of queries that can get blocked otherwise sql-mode="" #performance configs skip-locking max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the # connection limit has been reached. max_connections=1510 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value # is high enough for your load. # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a # slowdown instead of a performance improvement. query_cache_size=168M # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in # section [mysqld_safe] table_cache=3020 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many # of them. tmp_table_size=30M # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client # disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new # connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) thread_cache_size=64 #*** MyISAM Specific options # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created # through the key cache (which is slower). myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be # used for internal temporary disk tables. key_buffer_size=3072M # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. read_buffer_size=2M read_rnd_buffer_size=8M # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with # large settings. sort_buffer_size=2M #*** INNODB Specific options *** innodb_data_home_dir="D:/MySQL InnoDB Datafiles/" # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space # and speed up some things. skip-innodb # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata # information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will # start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used. innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=11M # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large # (even with long transactions). innodb_log_buffer_size=6M # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not # set it too high. innodb_buffer_pool_size=500M # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the # recovery process. innodb_log_file_size=100M # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. innodb_thread_concurrency=10 #replication settings (this is the master) log-bin=log server-id = 1 Thanks for all the help. It is greatly appreciated.

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Efficiently fill resultset in object model

- by Zeeshan

Hi, I have an object model whose structure is Dashboard List of panels List of containers List of widgets If i get whole dashboard, with panels + containers + widgets, from Database then multiple I/O requires I want to get it in one I/O .For this i prepared a query which gives me this resultset. DASHBOARDID PANELID CONTAINERID WIDGETID 13 11 5 2 13 11 5 3 13 11 6 4 13 11 6 5 13 12 7 6 13 12 7 7 13 12 8 8 13 12 8 9 Using list datastructure this model is able to be filled but it takes time i want to efficiently fill this resultset in above object model. is there nay way ?

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Hosting the Razor Engine for Templating in Non-Web Applications

- by Rick Strahl

Microsoft’s new Razor HTML Rendering Engine that is currently shipping with ASP.NET MVC previews can be used outside of ASP.NET. Razor is an alternative view engine that can be used instead of the ASP.NET Page engine that currently works with ASP.NET WebForms and MVC. It provides a simpler and more readable markup syntax and is much more light weight in terms of functionality than the full blown WebForms Page engine, focusing only on features that are more along the lines of a pure view engine (or classic ASP!) with focus on expression and code rendering rather than a complex control/object model. Like the Page engine though, the parser understands .NET code syntax which can be embedded into templates, and behind the scenes the engine compiles markup and script code into an executing piece of .NET code in an assembly. Although it ships as part of the ASP.NET MVC and WebMatrix the Razor Engine itself is not directly dependent on ASP.NET or IIS or HTTP in any way. And although there are some markup and rendering features that are optimized for HTML based output generation, Razor is essentially a free standing template engine. And what’s really nice is that unlike the ASP.NET Runtime, Razor is fairly easy to host inside of your own non-Web applications to provide templating functionality. Templating in non-Web Applications? Yes please! So why might you host a template engine in your non-Web application? Template rendering is useful in many places and I have a number of applications that make heavy use of it. One of my applications – West Wind Html Help Builder - exclusively uses template based rendering to merge user supplied help text content into customizable and executable HTML markup templates that provide HTML output for CHM style HTML Help. This is an older product and it’s not actually using .NET at the moment – and this is one reason I’m looking at Razor for script hosting at the moment. For a few .NET applications though I’ve actually used the ASP.NET Runtime hosting to provide templating and mail merge style functionality and while that works reasonably well it’s a very heavy handed approach. It’s very resource intensive and has potential issues with versioning in various different versions of .NET. The generic implementation I created in the article above requires a lot of fix up to mimic an HTTP request in a non-HTTP environment and there are a lot of little things that have to happen to ensure that the ASP.NET runtime works properly most of it having nothing to do with the templating aspect but just satisfying ASP.NET’s requirements. The Razor Engine on the other hand is fairly light weight and completely decoupled from the ASP.NET runtime and the HTTP processing. Rather it’s a pure template engine whose sole purpose is to render text templates. Hosting this engine in your own applications can be accomplished with a reasonable amount of code (actually just a few lines with the tools I’m about to describe) and without having to fake HTTP requests. It’s also much lighter on resource usage and you can easily attach custom properties to your base template implementation to easily pass context from the parent application into templates all of which was rather complicated with ASP.NET runtime hosting. Installing the Razor Template Engine You can get Razor as part of the MVC 3 (RC and later) or Web Matrix. Both are available as downloadable components from the Web Platform Installer Version 3.0 (!important – V2 doesn’t show these components). If you already have that version of the WPI installed just fire it up. You can get the latest version of the Web Platform Installer from here: http://www.microsoft.com/web/gallery/install.aspx Once the platform Installer 3.0 is installed install either MVC 3 or ASP.NET Web Pages. Once installed you’ll find a System.Web.Razor assembly in C:\Program Files\Microsoft ASP.NET\ASP.NET Web Pages\v1.0\Assemblies\System.Web.Razor.dll which you can add as a reference to your project. Creating a Wrapper The basic Razor Hosting API is pretty simple and you can host Razor with a (large-ish) handful of lines of code. I’ll show the basics of it later in this article. However, if you want to customize the rendering and handle assembly and namespace includes for the markup as well as deal with text and file inputs as well as forcing Razor to run in a separate AppDomain so you can unload the code-generated assemblies and deal with assembly caching for re-used templates little more work is required to create something that is more easily reusable. For this reason I created a Razor Hosting wrapper project that combines a bunch of this functionality into an easy to use hosting class, a hosting factory that can load the engine in a separate AppDomain and a couple of hosting containers that provided folder based and string based caching for templates for an easily embeddable and reusable engine with easy to use syntax. If you just want the code and play with the samples and source go grab the latest code from the Subversion Repository at: http://www.west-wind.com:8080/svn/articles/trunk/RazorHosting/ or a snapshot from: http://www.west-wind.com/files/tools/RazorHosting.zip Getting Started Before I get into how hosting with Razor works, let’s take a look at how you can get up and running quickly with the wrapper classes provided. It only takes a few lines of code. The easiest way to use these Razor Hosting Wrappers is to use one of the two HostContainers provided. One is for hosting Razor scripts in a directory and rendering them as relative paths from these script files on disk. The other HostContainer serves razor scripts from string templates… Let’s start with a very simple template that displays some simple expressions, some code blocks and demonstrates rendering some data from contextual data that you pass to the template in the form of a ‘context’. Here’s a simple Razor template: @using System.Reflection Hello @Context.FirstName! Your entry was entered on: @Context.Entered @{ // Code block: Update the host Windows Form passed in through the context Context.WinForm.Text = "Hello World from Razor at " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } AppDomain Id: @AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName Assembly: @Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName Code based output: @{ // Write output with Response object from code string output = string.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { output += i.ToString() + " "; } Response.Write(output); } Pretty easy to see what’s going on here. The only unusual thing in this code is the Context object which is an arbitrary object I’m passing from the host to the template by way of the template base class. I’m also displaying the current AppDomain and the executing Assembly name so you can see how compiling and running a template actually loads up new assemblies. Also note that as part of my context I’m passing a reference to the current Windows Form down to the template and changing the title from within the script. It’s a silly example, but it demonstrates two-way communication between host and template and back which can be very powerful. The easiest way to quickly render this template is to use the RazorEngine<TTemplateBase> class. The generic parameter specifies a template base class type that is used by Razor internally to generate the class it generates from a template. The default implementation provided in my RazorHosting wrapper is RazorTemplateBase. Here’s a simple one that renders from a string and outputs a string: var engine = new RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase>(); // we can pass any object as context - here create a custom context var context = new CustomContext() { WinForm = this, FirstName = "Rick", Entered = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) }; string output = engine.RenderTemplate(this.txtSource.Text new string[] { "System.Windows.Forms.dll" }, context); if (output == null) this.txtResult.Text = "*** ERROR:\r\n" + engine.ErrorMessage; else this.txtResult.Text = output; Simple enough. This code renders a template from a string input and returns a result back as a string. It creates a custom context and passes that to the template which can then access the Context’s properties. Note that anything passed as ‘context’ must be serializable (or MarshalByRefObject) – otherwise you get an exception when passing the reference over AppDomain boundaries (discussed later). Passing a context is optional, but is a key feature in being able to share data between the host application and the template. Note that we use the Context object to access FirstName, Entered and even the host Windows Form object which is used in the template to change the Window caption from within the script! In the code above all the work happens in the RenderTemplate method which provide a variety of overloads to read and write to and from strings, files and TextReaders/Writers. Here’s another example that renders from a file input using a TextReader: using (reader = new StreamReader("templates\\simple.csHtml", true)) { result = host.RenderTemplate(reader, new string[] { "System.Windows.Forms.dll" }, this.CustomContext); } RenderTemplate() is fairly high level and it handles loading of the runtime, compiling into an assembly and rendering of the template. If you want more control you can use the lower level methods to control each step of the way which is important for the HostContainers I’ll discuss later. Basically for those scenarios you want to separate out loading of the engine, compiling into an assembly and then rendering the template from the assembly. Why? So we can keep assemblies cached. In the code above a new assembly is created for each template rendered which is inefficient and uses up resources. Depending on the size of your templates and how often you fire them you can chew through memory very quickly. This slighter lower level approach is only a couple of extra steps: // we can pass any object as context - here create a custom context var context = new CustomContext() { WinForm = this, FirstName = "Rick", Entered = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) }; var engine = new RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase>(); string assId = null; using (StringReader reader = new StringReader(this.txtSource.Text)) { assId = engine.ParseAndCompileTemplate(new string[] { "System.Windows.Forms.dll" }, reader); } string output = engine.RenderTemplateFromAssembly(assId, context); if (output == null) this.txtResult.Text = "*** ERROR:\r\n" + engine.ErrorMessage; else this.txtResult.Text = output; The difference here is that you can capture the assembly – or rather an Id to it – and potentially hold on to it to render again later assuming the template hasn’t changed. The HostContainers take advantage of this feature to cache the assemblies based on certain criteria like a filename and file time step or a string hash that if not change indicate that an assembly can be reused. Note that ParseAndCompileTemplate returns an assembly Id rather than the assembly itself. This is done so that that the assembly always stays in the host’s AppDomain and is not passed across AppDomain boundaries which would cause load failures. We’ll talk more about this in a minute but for now just realize that assemblies references are stored in a list and are accessible by this ID to allow locating and re-executing of the assembly based on that id. Reuse of the assembly avoids recompilation overhead and creation of yet another assembly that loads into the current AppDomain. You can play around with several different versions of the above code in the main sample form: Using Hosting Containers for more Control and Caching The above examples simply render templates into assemblies each and every time they are executed. While this works and is even reasonably fast, it’s not terribly efficient. If you render templates more than once it would be nice if you could cache the generated assemblies for example to avoid re-compiling and creating of a new assembly each time. Additionally it would be nice to load template assemblies into a separate AppDomain optionally to be able to be able to unload assembli es and also to protect your host application from scripting attacks with malicious template code. Hosting containers provide also provide a wrapper around the RazorEngine<T> instance, a factory (which allows creation in separate AppDomains) and an easy way to start and stop the container ‘runtime’. The Razor Hosting samples provide two hosting containers: RazorFolderHostContainer and StringHostContainer. The folder host provides a simple runtime environment for a folder structure similar in the way that the ASP.NET runtime handles a virtual directory as it’s ‘application' root. Templates are loaded from disk in relative paths and the resulting assemblies are cached unless the template on disk is changed. The string host also caches templates based on string hashes – if the same string is passed a second time a cached version of the assembly is used. Here’s how HostContainers work. I’ll use the FolderHostContainer because it’s likely the most common way you’d use templates – from disk based templates that can be easily edited and maintained on disk. The first step is to create an instance of it and keep it around somewhere (in the example it’s attached as a property to the Form): RazorFolderHostContainer Host = new RazorFolderHostContainer(); public RazorFolderHostForm() { InitializeComponent(); // The base path for templates - templates are rendered with relative paths // based on this path. Host.TemplatePath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, TemplateBaseFolder); // Add any assemblies you want reference in your templates Host.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Windows.Forms.dll"); // Start up the host container Host.Start(); } Next anytime you want to render a template you can use simple code like this: private void RenderTemplate(string fileName) { // Pass the template path via the Context var relativePath = Utilities.GetRelativePath(fileName, Host.TemplatePath); if (!Host.RenderTemplate(relativePath, this.Context, Host.RenderingOutputFile)) { MessageBox.Show("Error: " + Host.ErrorMessage); return; } this.webBrowser1.Navigate("file://" + Host.RenderingOutputFile); } You can also render the output to a string instead of to a file: string result = Host.RenderTemplateToString(relativePath,context); Finally if you want to release the engine and shut down the hosting AppDomain you can simply do: Host.Stop(); Stopping the AppDomain and restarting it (ie. calling Stop(); followed by Start()) is also a nice way to release all resources in the AppDomain. The FolderBased domain also supports partial Rendering based on root path based relative paths with the same caching characteristics as the main templates. From within a template you can call out to a partial like this: @RenderPartial(@"partials\PartialRendering.cshtml", Context) where partials\PartialRendering.cshtml is a relative to the template root folder. The folder host example lets you load up templates from disk and display the result in a Web Browser control which demonstrates using Razor HTML output from templates that contain HTML syntax which happens to me my target scenario for Html Help Builder. The Razor Engine Wrapper Project The project I created to wrap Razor hosting has a fair bit of code and a number of classes associated with it. Most of the components are internally used and as you can see using the final RazorEngine<T> and HostContainer classes is pretty easy. The classes are extensible and I suspect developers will want to build more customized host containers for their applications. Host containers are the key to wrapping up all functionality – Engine, BaseTemplate, AppDomain Hosting, Caching etc in a logical piece that is ready to be plugged into an application. When looking at the code there are a couple of core features provided: Core Razor Engine Hosting This is the core Razor hosting which provides the basics of loading a template, compiling it into an assembly and executing it. This is fairly straightforward, but without a host container that can cache assemblies based on some criteria templates are recompiled and re-created each time which is inefficient (although pretty fast). The base engine wrapper implementation also supports hosting the Razor runtime in a separate AppDomain for security and the ability to unload it on demand. Host Containers The engine hosting itself doesn’t provide any sort of ‘runtime’ service like picking up files from disk, caching assemblies and so forth. So my implementation provides two HostContainers: RazorFolderHostContainer and RazorStringHostContainer. The FolderHost works off a base directory and loads templates based on relative paths (sort of like the ASP.NET runtime does off a virtual). The HostContainers also deal with caching of template assemblies – for the folder host the file date is tracked and checked for updates and unless the template is changed a cached assembly is reused. The StringHostContainer similiarily checks string hashes to figure out whether a particular string template was previously compiled and executed. The HostContainers also act as a simple startup environment and a single reference to easily store and reuse in an application. TemplateBase Classes The template base classes are the base classes that from which the Razor engine generates .NET code. A template is parsed into a class with an Execute() method and the class is based on this template type you can specify. RazorEngine<TBaseTemplate> can receive this type and the HostContainers default to specific templates in their base implementations. Template classes are customizable to allow you to create templates that provide application specific features and interaction from the template to your host application. How does the RazorEngine wrapper work? You can browse the source code in the links above or in the repository or download the source, but I’ll highlight some key features here. Here’s part of the RazorEngine implementation that can be used to host the runtime and that demonstrates the key code required to host the Razor runtime. The RazorEngine class is implemented as a generic class to reflect the Template base class type: public class RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> : MarshalByRefObject where TBaseTemplateType : RazorTemplateBase The generic type is used to internally provide easier access to the template type and assignments on it as part of the template processing. The class also inherits MarshalByRefObject to allow execution over AppDomain boundaries – something that all the classes discussed here need to do since there is much interaction between the host and the template. The first two key methods deal with creating a template assembly: /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of the RazorHost with various options applied. /// Applies basic namespace imports and the name of the class to generate /// </summary> /// <param name="generatedNamespace"></param> /// <param name="generatedClass"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected RazorTemplateEngine CreateHost(string generatedNamespace, string generatedClass) { Type baseClassType = typeof(TBaseTemplateType); RazorEngineHost host = new RazorEngineHost(new CSharpRazorCodeLanguage()); host.DefaultBaseClass = baseClassType.FullName; host.DefaultClassName = generatedClass; host.DefaultNamespace = generatedNamespace; host.NamespaceImports.Add("System"); host.NamespaceImports.Add("System.Text"); host.NamespaceImports.Add("System.Collections.Generic"); host.NamespaceImports.Add("System.Linq"); host.NamespaceImports.Add("System.IO"); return new RazorTemplateEngine(host); } /// <summary> /// Parses and compiles a markup template into an assembly and returns /// an assembly name. The name is an ID that can be passed to /// ExecuteTemplateByAssembly which picks up a cached instance of the /// loaded assembly. /// /// </summary> /// <param name="namespaceOfGeneratedClass">The namespace of the class to generate from the template</param> /// <param name="generatedClassName">The name of the class to generate from the template</param> /// <param name="ReferencedAssemblies">Any referenced assemblies by dll name only. Assemblies must be in execution path of host or in GAC.</param> /// <param name="templateSourceReader">Textreader that loads the template</param> /// <remarks> /// The actual assembly isn't returned here to allow for cross-AppDomain /// operation. If the assembly was returned it would fail for cross-AppDomain /// calls. /// </remarks> /// <returns>An assembly Id. The Assembly is cached in memory and can be used with RenderFromAssembly.</returns> public string ParseAndCompileTemplate( string namespaceOfGeneratedClass, string generatedClassName, string[] ReferencedAssemblies, TextReader templateSourceReader) { RazorTemplateEngine engine = CreateHost(namespaceOfGeneratedClass, generatedClassName); // Generate the template class as CodeDom GeneratorResults razorResults = engine.GenerateCode(templateSourceReader); // Create code from the codeDom and compile CSharpCodeProvider codeProvider = new CSharpCodeProvider(); CodeGeneratorOptions options = new CodeGeneratorOptions(); // Capture Code Generated as a string for error info // and debugging LastGeneratedCode = null; using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) { codeProvider.GenerateCodeFromCompileUnit(razorResults.GeneratedCode, writer, options); LastGeneratedCode = writer.ToString(); } CompilerParameters compilerParameters = new CompilerParameters(ReferencedAssemblies); // Standard Assembly References compilerParameters.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll"); compilerParameters.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Core.dll"); compilerParameters.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("Microsoft.CSharp.dll"); // dynamic support! // Also add the current assembly so RazorTemplateBase is available compilerParameters.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().CodeBase.Substring(8)); compilerParameters.GenerateInMemory = Configuration.CompileToMemory; if (!Configuration.CompileToMemory) compilerParameters.OutputAssembly = Path.Combine(Configuration.TempAssemblyPath, "_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n") + ".dll"); CompilerResults compilerResults = codeProvider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(compilerParameters, razorResults.GeneratedCode); if (compilerResults.Errors.Count > 0) { var compileErrors = new StringBuilder(); foreach (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerError compileError in compilerResults.Errors) compileErrors.Append(String.Format(Resources.LineX0TColX1TErrorX2RN, compileError.Line, compileError.Column, compileError.ErrorText)); this.SetError(compileErrors.ToString() + "\r\n" + LastGeneratedCode); return null; } AssemblyCache.Add(compilerResults.CompiledAssembly.FullName, compilerResults.CompiledAssembly); return compilerResults.CompiledAssembly.FullName; } Think of the internal CreateHost() method as setting up the assembly generated from each template. Each template compiles into a separate assembly. It sets up namespaces, and assembly references, the base class used and the name and namespace for the generated class. ParseAndCompileTemplate() then calls the CreateHost() method to receive the template engine generator which effectively generates a CodeDom from the template – the template is turned into .NET code. The code generated from our earlier example looks something like this: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated by a tool. // Runtime Version:4.0.30319.1 // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ namespace RazorTest { using System; using System.Text; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.IO; using System.Reflection; public class RazorTemplate : RazorHosting.RazorTemplateBase { #line hidden public RazorTemplate() { } public override void Execute() { WriteLiteral("Hello "); Write(Context.FirstName); WriteLiteral("! Your entry was entered on: "); Write(Context.Entered); WriteLiteral("\r\n\r\n"); // Code block: Update the host Windows Form passed in through the context Context.WinForm.Text = "Hello World from Razor at " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); WriteLiteral("\r\nAppDomain Id:\r\n "); Write(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName); WriteLiteral("\r\n \r\nAssembly:\r\n "); Write(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName); WriteLiteral("\r\n\r\nCode based output: \r\n"); // Write output with Response object from code string output = string.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { output += i.ToString() + " "; } } } } Basically the template’s body is turned into code in an Execute method that is called. Internally the template’s Write method is fired to actually generate the output. Note that the class inherits from RazorTemplateBase which is the generic parameter I used to specify the base class when creating an instance in my RazorEngine host: var engine = new RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase>(); This template class must be provided and it must implement an Execute() and Write() method. Beyond that you can create any class you chose and attach your own properties. My RazorTemplateBase class implementation is very simple: public class RazorTemplateBase : MarshalByRefObject, IDisposable { /// <summary> /// You can pass in a generic context object /// to use in your template code /// </summary> public dynamic Context { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Class that generates output. Currently ultra simple /// with only Response.Write() implementation. /// </summary> public RazorResponse Response { get; set; } public object HostContainer {get; set; } public object Engine { get; set; } public RazorTemplateBase() { Response = new RazorResponse(); } public virtual void Write(object value) { Response.Write(value); } public virtual void WriteLiteral(object value) { Response.Write(value); } /// <summary> /// Razor Parser implements this method /// </summary> public virtual void Execute() {} public virtual void Dispose() { if (Response != null) { Response.Dispose(); Response = null; } } } Razor fills in the Execute method when it generates its subclass and uses the Write() method to output content. As you can see I use a RazorResponse() class here to generate output. This isn’t necessary really, as you could use a StringBuilder or StringWriter() directly, but I prefer using Response object so I can extend the Response behavior as needed. The RazorResponse class is also very simple and merely acts as a wrapper around a TextWriter: public class RazorResponse : IDisposable { /// <summary> /// Internal text writer - default to StringWriter() /// </summary> public TextWriter Writer = new StringWriter(); public virtual void Write(object value) { Writer.Write(value); } public virtual void WriteLine(object value) { Write(value); Write("\r\n"); } public virtual void WriteFormat(string format, params object[] args) { Write(string.Format(format, args)); } public override string ToString() { return Writer.ToString(); } public virtual void Dispose() { Writer.Close(); } public virtual void SetTextWriter(TextWriter writer) { // Close original writer if (Writer != null) Writer.Close(); Writer = writer; } } The Rendering Methods of RazorEngine At this point I’ve talked about the assembly generation logic and the template implementation itself. What’s left is that once you’ve generated the assembly is to execute it. The code to do this is handled in the various RenderXXX methods of the RazorEngine class. Let’s look at the lowest level one of these which is RenderTemplateFromAssembly() and a couple of internal support methods that handle instantiating and invoking of the generated template method: public string RenderTemplateFromAssembly( string assemblyId, string generatedNamespace, string generatedClass, object context, TextWriter outputWriter) { this.SetError(); Assembly generatedAssembly = AssemblyCache[assemblyId]; if (generatedAssembly == null) { this.SetError(Resources.PreviouslyCompiledAssemblyNotFound); return null; } string className = generatedNamespace + "." + generatedClass; Type type; try { type = generatedAssembly.GetType(className); } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(Resources.UnableToCreateType + className + ": " + ex.Message); return null; } // Start with empty non-error response (if we use a writer) string result = string.Empty; using(TBaseTemplateType instance = InstantiateTemplateClass(type)) { if (instance == null) return null; if (outputWriter != null) instance.Response.SetTextWriter(outputWriter); if (!InvokeTemplateInstance(instance, context)) return null; // Capture string output if implemented and return // otherwise null is returned if (outputWriter == null) result = instance.Response.ToString(); } return result; } protected virtual TBaseTemplateType InstantiateTemplateClass(Type type) { TBaseTemplateType instance = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as TBaseTemplateType; if (instance == null) { SetError(Resources.CouldnTActivateTypeInstance + type.FullName); return null; } instance.Engine = this; // If a HostContainer was set pass that to the template too instance.HostContainer = this.HostContainer; return instance; } /// <summary> /// Internally executes an instance of the template, /// captures errors on execution and returns true or false /// </summary> /// <param name="instance">An instance of the generated template</param> /// <returns>true or false - check ErrorMessage for errors</returns> protected virtual bool InvokeTemplateInstance(TBaseTemplateType instance, object context) { try { instance.Context = context; instance.Execute(); } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(Resources.TemplateExecutionError + ex.Message); return false; } finally { // Must make sure Response is closed instance.Response.Dispose(); } return true; } The RenderTemplateFromAssembly method basically requires the namespace and class to instantate and creates an instance of the class using InstantiateTemplateClass(). It then invokes the method with InvokeTemplateInstance(). These two methods are broken out because they are re-used by various other rendering methods and also to allow subclassing and providing additional configuration tasks to set properties and pass values to templates at execution time. In the default mode instantiation sets the Engine and HostContainer (discussed later) so the template can call back into the template engine, and the context is set when the template method is invoked. The various RenderXXX methods use similar code although they create the assemblies first. If you’re after potentially cashing assemblies the method is the one to call and that’s exactly what the two HostContainer classes do. More on that in a minute, but before we get into HostContainers let’s talk about AppDomain hosting and the like. Running Templates in their own AppDomain With the RazorEngine class above, when a template is parsed into an assembly and executed the assembly is created (in memory or on disk – you can configure that) and cached in the current AppDomain. In .NET once an assembly has been loaded it can never be unloaded so if you’re loading lots of templates and at some time you want to release them there’s no way to do so. If however you load the assemblies in a separate AppDomain that new AppDomain can be unloaded and the assemblies loaded in it with it. In order to host the templates in a separate AppDomain the easiest thing to do is to run the entire RazorEngine in a separate AppDomain. Then all interaction occurs in the other AppDomain and no further changes have to be made. To facilitate this there is a RazorEngineFactory which has methods that can instantiate the RazorHost in a separate AppDomain as well as in the local AppDomain. The host creates the remote instance and then hangs on to it to keep it alive as well as providing methods to shut down the AppDomain and reload the engine. Sounds complicated but cross-AppDomain invocation is actually fairly easy to implement. Here’s some of the relevant code from the RazorEngineFactory class. Like the RazorEngine this class is generic and requires a template base type in the generic class name: public class RazorEngineFactory<TBaseTemplateType> where TBaseTemplateType : RazorTemplateBase Here are the key methods of interest: /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of the RazorHost in a new AppDomain. This /// version creates a static singleton that that is cached and you /// can call UnloadRazorHostInAppDomain to unload it. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> CreateRazorHostInAppDomain() { if (Current == null) Current = new RazorEngineFactory<TBaseTemplateType>(); return Current.GetRazorHostInAppDomain(); } public static void UnloadRazorHostInAppDomain() { if (Current != null) Current.UnloadHost(); Current = null; } /// <summary> /// Instance method that creates a RazorHost in a new AppDomain. /// This method requires that you keep the Factory around in /// order to keep the AppDomain alive and be able to unload it. /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> GetRazorHostInAppDomain() { LocalAppDomain = CreateAppDomain(null); if (LocalAppDomain == null) return null; /// Create the instance inside of the new AppDomain /// Note: remote domain uses local EXE's AppBasePath!!! RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> host = null; try { Assembly ass = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); string AssemblyPath = ass.Location; host = (RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType>) LocalAppDomain.CreateInstanceFrom(AssemblyPath, typeof(RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType>).FullName).Unwrap(); } catch (Exception ex) { ErrorMessage = ex.Message; return null; } return host; } /// <summary> /// Internally creates a new AppDomain in which Razor templates can /// be run. /// </summary> /// <param name="appDomainName"></param> /// <returns></returns> private AppDomain CreateAppDomain(string appDomainName) { if (appDomainName == null) appDomainName = "RazorHost_" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n"); AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup(); // *** Point at current directory setup.ApplicationBase = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory; AppDomain localDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain(appDomainName, null, setup); return localDomain; } /// <summary> /// Allow unloading of the created AppDomain to release resources /// All internal resources in the AppDomain are released including /// in memory compiled Razor assemblies. /// </summary> public void UnloadHost() { if (this.LocalAppDomain != null) { AppDomain.Unload(this.LocalAppDomain); this.LocalAppDomain = null; } } The static CreateRazorHostInAppDomain() is the key method that startup code usually calls. It uses a Current singleton instance to an instance of itself that is created cross AppDomain and is kept alive because it’s static. GetRazorHostInAppDomain actually creates a cross-AppDomain instance which first creates a new AppDomain and then loads the RazorEngine into it. The remote Proxy instance is returned as a result to the method and can be used the same as a local instance. The code to run with a remote AppDomain is simple: private RazorEngine<RazorTemplateBase> CreateHost() { if (this.Host != null) return this.Host; // Use Static Methods - no error message if host doesn't load this.Host = RazorEngineFactory<RazorTemplateBase>.CreateRazorHostInAppDomain(); if (this.Host == null) { MessageBox.Show("Unable to load Razor Template Host", "Razor Hosting", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); } return this.Host; } This code relies on a local reference of the Host which is kept around for the duration of the app (in this case a form reference). To use this you’d simply do: this.Host = CreateHost(); if (host == null) return; string result = host.RenderTemplate( this.txtSource.Text, new string[] { "System.Windows.Forms.dll", "Westwind.Utilities.dll" }, this.CustomContext); if (result == null) { MessageBox.Show(host.ErrorMessage, "Template Execution Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); return; } this.txtResult.Text = result; Now all templates run in a remote AppDomain and can be unloaded with simple code like this: RazorEngineFactory<RazorTemplateBase>.UnloadRazorHostInAppDomain(); this.Host = null; One Step further – Providing a caching ‘Runtime’ Once we can load templates in a remote AppDomain we can add some additional functionality like assembly caching based on application specific features. One of my typical scenarios is to render templates out of a scripts folder. So all templates live in a folder and they change infrequently. So a Folder based host that can compile these templates once and then only recompile them if something changes would be ideal. Enter host containers which are basically wrappers around the RazorEngine<t> and RazorEngineFactory<t>. They provide additional logic for things like file caching based on changes on disk or string hashes for string based template inputs. The folder host also provides for partial rendering logic through a custom template base implementation. There’s a base implementation in RazorBaseHostContainer, which provides the basics for hosting a RazorEngine, which includes the ability to start and stop the engine, cache assemblies and add references: public abstract class RazorBaseHostContainer<TBaseTemplateType> : MarshalByRefObject where TBaseTemplateType : RazorTemplateBase, new() { public RazorBaseHostContainer() { UseAppDomain = true; GeneratedNamespace = "__RazorHost"; } /// <summary> /// Determines whether the Container hosts Razor /// in a separate AppDomain. Seperate AppDomain /// hosting allows unloading and releasing of /// resources. /// </summary> public bool UseAppDomain { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Base folder location where the AppDomain /// is hosted. By default uses the same folder /// as the host application. /// /// Determines where binary dependencies are /// found for assembly references. /// </summary> public string BaseBinaryFolder { get; set; } /// <summary> /// List of referenced assemblies as string values. /// Must be in GAC or in the current folder of the host app/ /// base BinaryFolder /// </summary> public List<string> ReferencedAssemblies = new List<string>(); /// <summary> /// Name of the generated namespace for template classes /// </summary> public string GeneratedNamespace {get; set; } /// <summary> /// Any error messages /// </summary> public string ErrorMessage { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Cached instance of the Host. Required to keep the /// reference to the host alive for multiple uses. /// </summary> public RazorEngine<TBaseTemplateType> Engine; /// <summary> /// Cached instance of the Host Factory - so we can unload /// the host and its associated AppDomain. /// </summary> protected RazorEngineFactory<TBaseTemplateType> EngineFactory; /// <summary> /// Keep track of each compiled assembly /// and when it was compiled. /// /// Use a hash of the string to identify string /// changes. /// </summary> protected Dictionary<int, CompiledAssemblyItem> LoadedAssemblies = new Dictionary<int, CompiledAssemblyItem>(); /// <summary> /// Call to start the Host running. Follow by a calls to RenderTemplate to /// render individual templates. Call Stop when done. /// </summary> /// <returns>true or false - check ErrorMessage on false </returns> public virtual bool Start() { if (Engine == null) { if (UseAppDomain) Engine = RazorEngineFactory<TBaseTemplateType>.CreateRazorHostInAppDomain(); else Engine = RazorEngineFactory<TBaseTemplateType>.CreateRazorHost(); Engine.Configuration.CompileToMemory = true; Engine.HostContainer = this; if (Engine == null) { this.ErrorMessage = EngineFactory.ErrorMessage; return false; } } return true; } /// <summary> /// Stops the Host and releases the host AppDomain and cached /// assemblies. /// </summary> /// <returns>true or false</returns> public bool Stop() { this.LoadedAssemblies.Clear(); RazorEngineFactory<RazorTemplateBase>.UnloadRazorHostInAppDomain(); this.Engine = null; return true; } … } This base class provides most of the mechanics to host the runtime, but no application specific implementation for rendering. There are rendering functions but they just call the engine directly and provide no caching – there’s no context to decide how to cache and reuse templates. The key methods are Start and Stop and their main purpose is to start a new AppDomain (optionally) and shut it down when requested. The RazorFolderHostContainer – Folder Based Runtime Hosting Let’s look at the more application specific RazorFolderHostContainer implementation which is defined like this: public class RazorFolderHostContainer : RazorBaseHostContainer<RazorTemplateFolderHost> Note that a customized RazorTemplateFolderHost class template is used for this implementation that supports partial rendering in form of a RenderPartial() method that’s available to templates. The folder host’s features are: Render templates based on a Template Base Path (a ‘virtual’ if you will) Cache compiled assemblies based on the relative path and file time stamp File changes on templates cause templates to be recompiled into new assemblies Support for partial rendering using base folder relative pathing As shown in the startup examples earlier host containers require some startup code with a HostContainer tied to a persistent property (like a Form property): // The base path for templates - templates are rendered with relative paths // based on this path. HostContainer.TemplatePath = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, TemplateBaseFolder); // Default output rendering disk location HostContainer.RenderingOutputFile = Path.Combine(HostContainer.TemplatePath, "__Preview.htm"); // Add any assemblies you want reference in your templates HostContainer.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Windows.Forms.dll"); // Start up the host container HostContainer.Start(); Once that’s done, you can render templates with the host container: // Pass the template path for full filename seleted with OpenFile Dialog // relativepath is: subdir\file.cshtml or file.cshtml or ..\file.cshtml var relativePath = Utilities.GetRelativePath(fileName, HostContainer.TemplatePath); if (!HostContainer.RenderTemplate(relativePath, Context, HostContainer.RenderingOutputFile)) { MessageBox.Show("Error: " + HostContainer.ErrorMessage); return; } webBrowser1.Navigate("file://" + HostContainer.RenderingOutputFile); The most critical task of the RazorFolderHostContainer implementation is to retrieve a template from disk, compile and cache it and then deal with deciding whether subsequent requests need to re-compile the template or simply use a cached version. Internally the GetAssemblyFromFileAndCache() handles this task: /// <summary> /// Internally checks if a cached assembly exists and if it does uses it /// else creates and compiles one. Returns an assembly Id to be /// used with the LoadedAssembly list. /// </summary> /// <param name="relativePath"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected virtual CompiledAssemblyItem GetAssemblyFromFileAndCache(string relativePath) { string fileName = Path.Combine(TemplatePath, relativePath).ToLower(); int fileNameHash = fileName.GetHashCode(); if (!File.Exists(fileName)) { this.SetError(Resources.TemplateFileDoesnTExist + fileName); return null; } CompiledAssemblyItem item = null; this.LoadedAssemblies.TryGetValue(fileNameHash, out item); string assemblyId = null; // Check for cached instance if (item != null) { var fileTime = File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(fileName); if (fileTime <= item.CompileTimeUtc) assemblyId = item.AssemblyId; } else item = new CompiledAssemblyItem(); // No cached instance - create assembly and cache if (assemblyId == null) { string safeClassName = GetSafeClassName(fileName); StreamReader reader = null; try { reader = new StreamReader(fileName, true); } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(Resources.ErrorReadingTemplateFile + fileName); return null; } assemblyId = Engine.ParseAndCompileTemplate(this.ReferencedAssemblies.ToArray(), reader); // need to ensure reader is closed if (reader != null) reader.Close(); if (assemblyId == null) { this.SetError(Engine.ErrorMessage); return null; } item.AssemblyId = assemblyId; item.CompileTimeUtc = DateTime.UtcNow; item.FileName = fileName; item.SafeClassName = safeClassName; this.LoadedAssemblies[fileNameHash] = item; } return item; } This code uses a LoadedAssembly dictionary which is comprised of a structure that holds a reference to a compiled assembly, a full filename and file timestamp and an assembly id. LoadedAssemblies (defined on the base class shown earlier) is essentially a cache for compiled assemblies and they are identified by a hash id. In the case of files the hash is a GetHashCode() from the full filename of the template. The template is checked for in the cache and if not found the file stamp is checked. If that’s newer than the cache’s compilation date the template is recompiled otherwise the version in the cache is used. All the core work defers to a RazorEngine<T> instance to ParseAndCompileTemplate(). The three rendering specific methods then are rather simple implementations with just a few lines of code dealing with parameter and return value parsing: /// <summary> /// Renders a template to a TextWriter. Useful to write output into a stream or /// the Response object. Used for partial rendering. /// </summary> /// <param name="relativePath">Relative path to the file in the folder structure</param> /// <param name="context">Optional context object or null</param> /// <param name="writer">The textwriter to write output into</param> /// <returns></returns> public bool RenderTemplate(string relativePath, object context, TextWriter writer) { // Set configuration data that is to be passed to the template (any object) Engine.TemplatePerRequestConfigurationData = new RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration() { TemplatePath = Path.Combine(this.TemplatePath, relativePath), TemplateRelativePath = relativePath, }; CompiledAssemblyItem item = GetAssemblyFromFileAndCache(relativePath); if (item == null) { writer.Close(); return false; } try { // String result will be empty as output will be rendered into the // Response object's stream output. However a null result denotes // an error string result = Engine.RenderTemplateFromAssembly(item.AssemblyId, context, writer); if (result == null) { this.SetError(Engine.ErrorMessage); return false; } } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(ex.Message); return false; } finally { writer.Close(); } return true; } /// <summary> /// Render a template from a source file on disk to a specified outputfile. /// </summary> /// <param name="relativePath">Relative path off the template root folder. Format: path/filename.cshtml</param> /// <param name="context">Any object that will be available in the template as a dynamic of this.Context</param> /// <param name="outputFile">Optional - output file where output is written to. If not specified the /// RenderingOutputFile property is used instead /// </param> /// <returns>true if rendering succeeds, false on failure - check ErrorMessage</returns> public bool RenderTemplate(string relativePath, object context, string outputFile) { if (outputFile == null) outputFile = RenderingOutputFile; try { using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(outputFile, false, Engine.Configuration.OutputEncoding, Engine.Configuration.StreamBufferSize)) { return RenderTemplate(relativePath, context, writer); } } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(ex.Message); return false; } return true; } /// <summary> /// Renders a template to string. Useful for RenderTemplate /// </summary> /// <param name="relativePath"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string RenderTemplateToString(string relativePath, object context) { string result = string.Empty; try { using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) { // String result will be empty as output will be rendered into the // Response object's stream output. However a null result denotes // an error if (!RenderTemplate(relativePath, context, writer)) { this.SetError(Engine.ErrorMessage); return null; } result = writer.ToString(); } } catch (Exception ex) { this.SetError(ex.Message); return null; } return result; } The idea is that you can create custom host container implementations that do exactly what you want fairly easily. Take a look at both the RazorFolderHostContainer and RazorStringHostContainer classes for the basic concepts you can use to create custom implementations. Notice also that you can set the engine’s PerRequestConfigurationData() from the host container: // Set configuration data that is to be passed to the template (any object) Engine.TemplatePerRequestConfigurationData = new RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration() { TemplatePath = Path.Combine(this.TemplatePath, relativePath), TemplateRelativePath = relativePath, }; which when set to a non-null value is passed to the Template’s InitializeTemplate() method. This method receives an object parameter which you can cast as needed: public override void InitializeTemplate(object configurationData) { // Pick up configuration data and stuff into Request object RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration config = configurationData as RazorFolderHostTemplateConfiguration; this.Request.TemplatePath = config.TemplatePath; this.Request.TemplateRelativePath = config.TemplateRelativePath; } With this data you can then configure any custom properties or objects on your main template class. It’s an easy way to pass data from the HostContainer all the way down into the template. The type you use is of type object so you have to cast it yourself, and it must be serializable since it will likely run in a separate AppDomain. This might seem like an ugly way to pass data around – normally I’d use an event delegate to call back from the engine to the host, but since this is running over AppDomain boundaries events get really tricky and passing a template instance back up into the host over AppDomain boundaries doesn’t work due to serialization issues. So it’s easier to pass the data from the host down into the template using this rather clumsy approach of set and forward. It’s ugly, but it’s something that can be hidden in the host container implementation as I’ve done here. It’s also not something you have to do in every implementation so this is kind of an edge case, but I know I’ll need to pass a bunch of data in some of my applications and this will be the easiest way to do so. Summing Up Hosting the Razor runtime is something I got jazzed up about quite a bit because I have an immediate need for this type of templating/merging/scripting capability in an application I’m working on. I’ve also been using templating in many apps and it’s always been a pain to deal with. The Razor engine makes this whole experience a lot cleaner and more light weight and with these wrappers I can now plug .NET based templating into my code literally with a few lines of code. That’s something to cheer about… I hope some of you will find this useful as well… Resources The examples and code require that you download the Razor runtimes. Projects are for Visual Studio 2010 running on .NET 4.0 Platform Installer 3.0 (install WebMatrix or MVC 3 for Razor Runtimes) Latest Code in Subversion Repository Download Snapshot of the Code Documentation (CHM Help File) © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET .NET

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Agile Development

- by James Oloo Onyango

Alot of literature has and is being written about agile developement and its surrounding philosophies. In my quest to find the best way to express the importance of agile methodologies, i have found Robert C. Martin's "A Satire Of Two Companies" to be both the most concise and thorough! Enjoy the read! Rufus Inc Project Kick Off Your name is Bob. The date is January 3, 2001, and your head still aches from the recent millennial revelry. You are sitting in a conference room with several managers and a group of your peers. You are a project team leader. Your boss is there, and he has brought along all of his team leaders. His boss called the meeting. "We have a new project to develop," says your boss's boss. Call him BB. The points in his hair are so long that they scrape the ceiling. Your boss's points are just starting to grow, but he eagerly awaits the day when he can leave Brylcream stains on the acoustic tiles. BB describes the essence of the new market they have identified and the product they want to develop to exploit this market. "We must have this new project up and working by fourth quarter October 1," BB demands. "Nothing is of higher priority, so we are cancelling your current project." The reaction in the room is stunned silence. Months of work are simply going to be thrown away. Slowly, a murmur of objection begins to circulate around the conference table. His points give off an evil green glow as BB meets the eyes of everyone in the room. One by one, that insidious stare reduces each attendee to quivering lumps of protoplasm. It is clear that he will brook no discussion on this matter. Once silence has been restored, BB says, "We need to begin immediately. How long will it take you to do the analysis?" You raise your hand. Your boss tries to stop you, but his spitwad misses you and you are unaware of his efforts. "Sir, we can't tell you how long the analysis will take until we have some requirements." "The requirements document won't be ready for 3 or 4 weeks," BB says, his points vibrating with frustration. "So, pretend that you have the requirements in front of you now. How long will you require for analysis?" No one breathes. Everyone looks around to see whether anyone has some idea. "If analysis goes beyond April 1, we have a problem. Can you finish the analysis by then?" Your boss visibly gathers his courage: "We'll find a way, sir!" His points grow 3 mm, and your headache increases by two Tylenol. "Good." BB smiles. "Now, how long will it take to do the design?" "Sir," you say. Your boss visibly pales. He is clearly worried that his 3 mms are at risk. "Without an analysis, it will not be possible to tell you how long design will take." BB's expression shifts beyond austere. "PRETEND you have the analysis already!" he says, while fixing you with his vacant, beady little eyes. "How long will it take you to do the design?" Two Tylenol are not going to cut it. Your boss, in a desperate attempt to save his new growth, babbles: "Well, sir, with only six months left to complete the project, design had better take no longer than 3 months." "I'm glad you agree, Smithers!" BB says, beaming. Your boss relaxes. He knows his points are secure. After a while, he starts lightly humming the Brylcream jingle. BB continues, "So, analysis will be complete by April 1, design will be complete by July 1, and that gives you 3 months to implement the project. This meeting is an example of how well our new consensus and empowerment policies are working. Now, get out there and start working. I'll expect to see TQM plans and QIT assignments on my desk by next week. Oh, and don't forget that your crossfunctional team meetings and reports will be needed for next month's quality audit." "Forget the Tylenol," you think to yourself as you return to your cubicle. "I need bourbon." Visibly excited, your boss comes over to you and says, "Gosh, what a great meeting. I think we're really going to do some world shaking with this project." You nod in agreement, too disgusted to do anything else. "Oh," your boss continues, "I almost forgot." He hands you a 30-page document. "Remember that the SEI is coming to do an evaluation next week. This is the evaluation guide. You need to read through it, memorize it, and then shred it. It tells you how to answer any questions that the SEI auditors ask you. It also tells you what parts of the building you are allowed to take them to and what parts to avoid. We are determined to be a CMM level 3 organization by June!" You and your peers start working on the analysis of the new project. This is difficult because you have no requirements. But from the 10-minute introduction given by BB on that fateful morning, you have some idea of what the product is supposed to do. Corporate process demands that you begin by creating a use case document. You and your team begin enumerating use cases and drawing oval and stick diagrams. Philosophical debates break out among the team members. There is disagreement as to whether certain use cases should be connected with <<extends>> or <<includes>> relationships. Competing models are created, but nobody knows how to evaluate them. The debate continues, effectively paralyzing progress. After a week, somebody finds the iceberg.com Web site, which recommends disposing entirely of <<extends>> and <<includes>> and replacing them with <<precedes>> and <<uses>>. The documents on this Web site, authored by Don Sengroiux, describes a method known as stalwart-analysis, which claims to be a step-by-step method for translating use cases into design diagrams. More competing use case models are created using this new scheme, but again, people can't agree on how to evaluate them. The thrashing continues. More and more, the use case meetings are driven by emotion rather than by reason. If it weren't for the fact that you don't have requirements, you'd be pretty upset by the lack of progress you are making. The requirements document arrives on February 15. And then again on February 20, 25, and every week thereafter. Each new version contradicts the previous one. Clearly, the marketing folks who are writing the requirements, empowered though they might be, are not finding consensus. At the same time, several new competing use case templates have been proposed by the various team members. Each template presents its own particularly creative way of delaying progress. The debates rage on. On March 1, Prudence Putrigence, the process proctor, succeeds in integrating all the competing use case forms and templates into a single, all-encompassing form. Just the blank form is 15 pages long. She has managed to include every field that appeared on all the competing templates. She also presents a 159- page document describing how to fill out the use case form. All current use cases must be rewritten according to the new standard. You marvel to yourself that it now requires 15 pages of fill-in-the-blank and essay questions to answer the question: What should the system do when the user presses Return? The corporate process (authored by L. E. Ott, famed author of "Holistic Analysis: A Progressive Dialectic for Software Engineers") insists that you discover all primary use cases, 87 percent of all secondary use cases, and 36.274 percent of all tertiary use cases before you can complete analysis and enter the design phase. You have no idea what a tertiary use case is. So in an attempt to meet this requirement, you try to get your use case document reviewed by the marketing department, which you hope will know what a tertiary use case is. Unfortunately, the marketing folks are too busy with sales support to talk to you. Indeed, since the project started, you have not been able to get a single meeting with marketing, which has provided a never-ending stream of changing and contradictory requirements documents. While one team has been spinning endlessly on the use case document, another team has been working out the domain model. Endless variations of UML documents are pouring out of this team. Every week, the model is reworked. The team members can't decide whether to use <<interfaces>> or <<types>> in the model. A huge disagreement has been raging on the proper syntax and application of OCL. Others on the team just got back from a 5-day class on catabolism, and have been producing incredibly detailed and arcane diagrams that nobody else can fathom. On March 27, with one week to go before analysis is to be complete, you have produced a sea of documents and diagrams but are no closer to a cogent analysis of the problem than you were on January 3. **** And then, a miracle happens. **** On Saturday, April 1, you check your e-mail from home. You see a memo from your boss to BB. It states unequivocally that you are done with the analysis! You phone your boss and complain. "How could you have told BB that we were done with the analysis?" "Have you looked at a calendar lately?" he responds. "It's April 1!" The irony of that date does not escape you. "But we have so much more to think about. So much more to analyze! We haven't even decided whether to use <<extends>> or <<precedes>>!" "Where is your evidence that you are not done?" inquires your boss, impatiently. "Whaaa . . . ." But he cuts you off. "Analysis can go on forever; it has to be stopped at some point. And since this is the date it was scheduled to stop, it has been stopped. Now, on Monday, I want you to gather up all existing analysis materials and put them into a public folder. Release that folder to Prudence so that she can log it in the CM system by Monday afternoon. Then get busy and start designing." As you hang up the phone, you begin to consider the benefits of keeping a bottle of bourbon in your bottom desk drawer. They threw a party to celebrate the on-time completion of the analysis phase. BB gave a colon-stirring speech on empowerment. And your boss, another 3 mm taller, congratulated his team on the incredible show of unity and teamwork. Finally, the CIO takes the stage to tell everyone that the SEI audit went very well and to thank everyone for studying and shredding the evaluation guides that were passed out. Level 3 now seems assured and will be awarded by June. (Scuttlebutt has it that managers at the level of BB and above are to receive significant bonuses once the SEI awards level 3.) As the weeks flow by, you and your team work on the design of the system. Of course, you find that the analysis that the design is supposedly based on is flawedno, useless; no, worse than useless. But when you tell your boss that you need to go back and work some more on the analysis to shore up its weaker sections, he simply states, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it." So, you and your team hack the design as best you can, unsure of whether the requirements have been properly analyzed. Of course, it really doesn't matter much, since the requirements document is still thrashing with weekly revisions, and the marketing department still refuses to meet with you. The design is a nightmare. Your boss recently misread a book named The Finish Line in which the author, Mark DeThomaso, blithely suggested that design documents should be taken down to code-level detail. "If we are going to be working at that level of detail," you ask, "why don't we simply write the code instead?" "Because then you wouldn't be designing, of course. And the only allowable activity in the design phase is design!" "Besides," he continues, "we have just purchased a companywide license for Dandelion! This tool enables 'Round the Horn Engineering!' You are to transfer all design diagrams into this tool. It will automatically generate our code for us! It will also keep the design diagrams in sync with the code!" Your boss hands you a brightly colored shrinkwrapped box containing the Dandelion distribution. You accept it numbly and shuffle off to your cubicle. Twelve hours, eight crashes, one disk reformatting, and eight shots of 151 later, you finally have the tool installed on your server. You consider the week your team will lose while attending Dandelion training. Then you smile and think, "Any week I'm not here is a good week." Design diagram after design diagram is created by your team. Dandelion makes it very difficult to draw these diagrams. There are dozens and dozens of deeply nested dialog boxes with funny text fields and check boxes that must all be filled in correctly. And then there's the problem of moving classes between packages. At first, these diagram are driven from the use cases. But the requirements are changing so often that the use cases rapidly become meaningless. Debates rage about whether VISITOR or DECORATOR design patterns should be used. One developer refuses to use VISITOR in any form, claiming that it's not a properly object-oriented construct. Someone refuses to use multiple inheritance, since it is the spawn of the devil. Review meetings rapidly degenerate into debates about the meaning of object orientation, the definition of analysis versus design, or when to use aggregation versus association. Midway through the design cycle, the marketing folks announce that they have rethought the focus of the system. Their new requirements document is completely restructured. They have eliminated several major feature areas and replaced them with feature areas that they anticipate customer surveys will show to be more appropriate. You tell your boss that these changes mean that you need to reanalyze and redesign much of the system. But he says, "The analysis phase is system. But he says, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it." You suggest that it might be better to create a simple prototype to show to the marketing folks and even some potential customers. But your boss says, "The analysis phase is over. The only allowable activity is design. Now get back to it." Hack, hack, hack, hack. You try to create some kind of a design document that might reflect the new requirements documents. However, the revolution of the requirements has not caused them to stop thrashing. Indeed, if anything, the wild oscillations of the requirements document have only increased in frequency and amplitude. You slog your way through them. On June 15, the Dandelion database gets corrupted. Apparently, the corruption has been progressive. Small errors in the DB accumulated over the months into bigger and bigger errors. Eventually, the CASE tool just stopped working. Of course, the slowly encroaching corruption is present on all the backups. Calls to the Dandelion technical support line go unanswered for several days. Finally, you receive a brief e-mail from Dandelion, informing you that this is a known problem and that the solution is to purchase the new version, which they promise will be ready some time next quarter, and then reenter all the diagrams by hand. **** Then, on July 1 another miracle happens! You are done with the design! Rather than go to your boss and complain, you stock your middle desk drawer with some vodka. **** They threw a party to celebrate the on-time completion of the design phase and their graduation to CMM level 3. This time, you find BB's speech so stirring that you have to use the restroom before it begins. New banners and plaques are all over your workplace. They show pictures of eagles and mountain climbers, and they talk about teamwork and empowerment. They read better after a few scotches. That reminds you that you need to clear out your file cabinet to make room for the brandy. You and your team begin to code. But you rapidly discover that the design is lacking in some significant areas. Actually, it's lacking any significance at all. You convene a design session in one of the conference rooms to try to work through some of the nastier problems. But your boss catches you at it and disbands the meeting, saying, "The design phase is over. The only allowable activity is coding. Now get back to it." **** The code generated by Dandelion is really hideous. It turns out that you and your team were using association and aggregation the wrong way, after all. All the generated code has to be edited to correct these flaws. Editing this code is extremely difficult because it has been instrumented with ugly comment blocks that have special syntax that Dandelion needs in order to keep the diagrams in sync with the code. If you accidentally alter one of these comments, the diagrams will be regenerated incorrectly. It turns out that "Round the Horn Engineering" requires an awful lot of effort. The more you try to keep the code compatible with Dandelion, the more errors Dandelion generates. In the end, you give up and decide to keep the diagrams up to date manually. A second later, you decide that there's no point in keeping the diagrams up to date at all. Besides, who has time? Your boss hires a consultant to build tools to count the number of lines of code that are being produced. He puts a big thermometer graph on the wall with the number 1,000,000 on the top. Every day, he extends the red line to show how many lines have been added. Three days after the thermometer appears on the wall, your boss stops you in the hall. "That graph isn't growing quickly enough. We need to have a million lines done by October 1." "We aren't even sh-sh-sure that the proshect will require a m-million linezh," you blather. "We have to have a million lines done by October 1," your boss reiterates. His points have grown again, and the Grecian formula he uses on them creates an aura of authority and competence. "Are you sure your comment blocks are big enough?" Then, in a flash of managerial insight, he says, "I have it! I want you to institute a new policy among the engineers. No line of code is to be longer than 20 characters. Any such line must be split into two or more preferably more. All existing code needs to be reworked to this standard. That'll get our line count up!" You decide not to tell him that this will require two unscheduled work months. You decide not to tell him anything at all. You decide that intravenous injections of pure ethanol are the only solution. You make the appropriate arrangements. Hack, hack, hack, and hack. You and your team madly code away. By August 1, your boss, frowning at the thermometer on the wall, institutes a mandatory 50-hour workweek. Hack, hack, hack, and hack. By September 1st, the thermometer is at 1.2 million lines and your boss asks you to write a report describing why you exceeded the coding budget by 20 percent. He institutes mandatory Saturdays and demands that the project be brought back down to a million lines. You start a campaign of remerging lines. Hack, hack, hack, and hack. Tempers are flaring; people are quitting; QA is raining trouble reports down on you. Customers are demanding installation and user manuals; salespeople are demanding advance demonstrations for special customers; the requirements document is still thrashing, the marketing folks are complaining that the product isn't anything like they specified, and the liquor store won't accept your credit card anymore. Something has to give. On September 15, BB calls a meeting. As he enters the room, his points are emitting clouds of steam. When he speaks, the bass overtones of his carefully manicured voice cause the pit of your stomach to roll over. "The QA manager has told me that this project has less than 50 percent of the required features implemented. He has also informed me that the system crashes all the time, yields wrong results, and is hideously slow. He has also complained that he cannot keep up with the continuous train of daily releases, each more buggy than the last!" He stops for a few seconds, visibly trying to compose himself. "The QA manager estimates that, at this rate of development, we won't be able to ship the product until December!" Actually, you think it's more like March, but you don't say anything. "December!" BB roars with such derision that people duck their heads as though he were pointing an assault rifle at them. "December is absolutely out of the question. Team leaders, I want new estimates on my desk in the morning. I am hereby mandating 65-hour work weeks until this project is complete. And it better be complete by November 1." As he leaves the conference room, he is heard to mutter: "Empowermentbah!" * * * Your boss is bald; his points are mounted on BB's wall. The fluorescent lights reflecting off his pate momentarily dazzle you. "Do you have anything to drink?" he asks. Having just finished your last bottle of Boone's Farm, you pull a bottle of Thunderbird from your bookshelf and pour it into his coffee mug. "What's it going to take to get this project done? " he asks. "We need to freeze the requirements, analyze them, design them, and then implement them," you say callously. "By November 1?" your boss exclaims incredulously. "No way! Just get back to coding the damned thing." He storms out, scratching his vacant head. A few days later, you find that your boss has been transferred to the corporate research division. Turnover has skyrocketed. Customers, informed at the last minute that their orders cannot be fulfilled on time, have begun to cancel their orders. Marketing is re-evaluating whether this product aligns with the overall goals of the company. Memos fly, heads roll, policies change, and things are, overall, pretty grim. Finally, by March, after far too many sixty-five hour weeks, a very shaky version of the software is ready. In the field, bug-discovery rates are high, and the technical support staff are at their wits' end, trying to cope with the complaints and demands of the irate customers. Nobody is happy. In April, BB decides to buy his way out of the problem by licensing a product produced by Rupert Industries and redistributing it. The customers are mollified, the marketing folks are smug, and you are laid off. Rupert Industries: Project Alpha Your name is Robert. The date is January 3, 2001. The quiet hours spent with your family this holiday have left you refreshed and ready for work. You are sitting in a conference room with your team of professionals. The manager of the division called the meeting. "We have some ideas for a new project," says the division manager. Call him Russ. He is a high-strung British chap with more energy than a fusion reactor. He is ambitious and driven but understands the value of a team. Russ describes the essence of the new market opportunity the company has identified and introduces you to Jane, the marketing manager, who is responsible for defining the products that will address it. Addressing you, Jane says, "We'd like to start defining our first product offering as soon as possible. When can you and your team meet with me?" You reply, "We'll be done with the current iteration of our project this Friday. We can spare a few hours for you between now and then. After that, we'll take a few people from the team and dedicate them to you. We'll begin hiring their replacements and the new people for your team immediately." "Great," says Russ, "but I want you to understand that it is critical that we have something to exhibit at the trade show coming up this July. If we can't be there with something significant, we'll lose the opportunity." "I understand," you reply. "I don't yet know what it is that you have in mind, but I'm sure we can have something by July. I just can't tell you what that something will be right now. In any case, you and Jane are going to have complete control over what we developers do, so you can rest assured that by July, you'll have the most important things that can be accomplished in that time ready to exhibit." Russ nods in satisfaction. He knows how this works. Your team has always kept him advised and allowed him to steer their development. He has the utmost confidence that your team will work on the most important things first and will produce a high-quality product. * * * "So, Robert," says Jane at their first meeting, "How does your team feel about being split up?" "We'll miss working with each other," you answer, "but some of us were getting pretty tired of that last project and are looking forward to a change. So, what are you people cooking up?" Jane beams. "You know how much trouble our customers currently have . . ." And she spends a half hour or so describing the problem and possible solution. "OK, wait a second" you respond. "I need to be clear about this." And so you and Jane talk about how this system might work. Some of her ideas aren't fully formed. You suggest possible solutions. She likes some of them. You continue discussing. During the discussion, as each new topic is addressed, Jane writes user story cards. Each card represents something that the new system has to do. The cards accumulate on the table and are spread out in front of you. Both you and Jane point at them, pick them up, and make notes on them as you discuss the stories. The cards are powerful mnemonic devices that you can use to represent complex ideas that are barely formed. At the end of the meeting, you say, "OK, I've got a general idea of what you want. I'm going to talk to the team about it. I imagine they'll want to run some experiments with various database structures and presentation formats. Next time we meet, it'll be as a group, and we'll start identifying the most important features of the system." A week later, your nascent team meets with Jane. They spread the existing user story cards out on the table and begin to get into some of the details of the system. The meeting is very dynamic. Jane presents the stories in the order of their importance. There is much discussion about each one. The developers are concerned about keeping the stories small enough to estimate and test. So they continually ask Jane to split one story into several smaller stories. Jane is concerned that each story have a clear business value and priority, so as she splits them, she makes sure that this stays true. The stories accumulate on the table. Jane writes them, but the developers make notes on them as needed. Nobody tries to capture everything that is said; the cards are not meant to capture everything but are simply reminders of the conversation. As the developers become more comfortable with the stories, they begin writing estimates on them. These estimates are crude and budgetary, but they give Jane an idea of what the story will cost. At the end of the meeting, it is clear that many more stories could be discussed. It is also clear that the most important stories have been addressed and that they represent several months worth of work. Jane closes the meeting by taking the cards with her and promising to have a proposal for the first release in the morning. * * * The next morning, you reconvene the meeting. Jane chooses five cards and places them on the table. "According to your estimates, these cards represent about one perfect team-week's worth of work. The last iteration of the previous project managed to get one perfect team-week done in 3 real weeks. If we can get these five stories done in 3 weeks, we'll be able to demonstrate them to Russ. That will make him feel very comfortable about our progress." Jane is pushing it. The sheepish look on her face lets you know that she knows it too. You reply, "Jane, this is a new team, working on a new project. It's a bit presumptuous to expect that our velocity will be the same as the previous team's. However, I met with the team yesterday afternoon, and we all agreed that our initial velocity should, in fact, be set to one perfectweek for every 3 real-weeks. So you've lucked out on this one." "Just remember," you continue, "that the story estimates and the story velocity are very tentative at this point. We'll learn more when we plan the iteration and even more when we implement it." Jane looks over her glasses at you as if to say "Who's the boss around here, anyway?" and then smiles and says, "Yeah, don't worry. I know the drill by now."Jane then puts 15 more cards on the table. She says, "If we can get all these cards done by the end of March, we can turn the system over to our beta test customers. And we'll get good feedback from them." You reply, "OK, so we've got our first iteration defined, and we have the stories for the next three iterations after that. These four iterations will make our first release." "So," says Jane, can you really do these five stories in the next 3 weeks?" "I don't know for sure, Jane," you reply. "Let's break them down into tasks and see what we get." So Jane, you, and your team spend the next several hours taking each of the five stories that Jane chose for the first iteration and breaking them down into small tasks. The developers quickly realize that some of the tasks can be shared between stories and that other tasks have commonalities that can probably be taken advantage of. It is clear that potential designs are popping into the developers' heads. From time to time, they form little discussion knots and scribble UML diagrams on some cards. Soon, the whiteboard is filled with the tasks that, once completed, will implement the five stories for this iteration. You start the sign-up process by saying, "OK, let's sign up for these tasks." "I'll take the initial database generation." Says Pete. "That's what I did on the last project, and this doesn't look very different. I estimate it at two of my perfect workdays." "OK, well, then, I'll take the login screen," says Joe. "Aw, darn," says Elaine, the junior member of the team, "I've never done a GUI, and kinda wanted to try that one." "Ah, the impatience of youth," Joe says sagely, with a wink in your direction. "You can assist me with it, young Jedi." To Jane: "I think it'll take me about three of my perfect workdays." One by one, the developers sign up for tasks and estimate them in terms of their own perfect workdays. Both you and Jane know that it is best to let the developers volunteer for tasks than to assign the tasks to them. You also know full well that you daren't challenge any of the developers' estimates. You know these people, and you trust them. You know that they are going to do the very best they can. The developers know that they can't sign up for more perfect workdays than they finished in the last iteration they worked on. Once each developer has filled his or her schedule for the iteration, they stop signing up for tasks. Eventually, all the developers have stopped signing up for tasks. But, of course, tasks are still left on the board. "I was worried that that might happen," you say, "OK, there's only one thing to do, Jane. We've got too much to do in this iteration. What stories or tasks can we remove?" Jane sighs. She knows that this is the only option. Working overtime at the beginning of a project is insane, and projects where she's tried it have not fared well. So Jane starts to remove the least-important functionality. "Well, we really don't need the login screen just yet. We can simply start the system in the logged-in state." "Rats!" cries Elaine. "I really wanted to do that." "Patience, grasshopper." says Joe. "Those who wait for the bees to leave the hive will not have lips too swollen to relish the honey." Elaine looks confused. Everyone looks confused. "So . . .," Jane continues, "I think we can also do away with . . ." And so, bit by bit, the list of tasks shrinks. Developers who lose a task sign up for one of the remaining ones. The negotiation is not painless. Several times, Jane exhibits obvious frustration and impatience. Once, when tensions are especially high, Elaine volunteers, "I'll work extra hard to make up some of the missing time." You are about to correct her when, fortunately, Joe looks her in the eye and says, "When once you proceed down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny." In the end, an iteration acceptable to Jane is reached. It's not what Jane wanted. Indeed, it is significantly less. But it's something the team feels that can be achieved in the next 3 weeks. And, after all, it still addresses the most important things that Jane wanted in the iteration. "So, Jane," you say when things had quieted down a bit, "when can we expect acceptance tests from you?" Jane sighs. This is the other side of the coin. For every story the development team implements, Jane must supply a suite of acceptance tests that prove that it works. And the team needs these long before the end of the iteration, since they will certainly point out differences in the way Jane and the developers imagine the system's behaviour. "I'll get you some example test scripts today," Jane promises. "I'll add to them every day after that. You'll have the entire suite by the middle of the iteration." * * * The iteration begins on Monday morning with a flurry of Class, Responsibilities, Collaborators sessions. By midmorning, all the developers have assembled into pairs and are rapidly coding away. "And now, my young apprentice," Joe says to Elaine, "you shall learn the mysteries of test-first design!" "Wow, that sounds pretty rad," Elaine replies. "How do you do it?" Joe beams. It's clear that he has been anticipating this moment. "OK, what does the code do right now?" "Huh?" replied Elaine, "It doesn't do anything at all; there is no code." "So, consider our task; can you think of something the code should do?" "Sure," Elaine said with youthful assurance, "First, it should connect to the database." "And thereupon, what must needs be required to connecteth the database?" "You sure talk weird," laughed Elaine. "I think we'd have to get the database object from some registry and call the Connect() method. "Ah, astute young wizard. Thou perceives correctly that we requireth an object within which we can cacheth the database object." "Is 'cacheth' really a word?" "It is when I say it! So, what test can we write that we know the database registry should pass?" Elaine sighs. She knows she'll just have to play along. "We should be able to create a database object and pass it to the registry in a Store() method. And then we should be able to pull it out of the registry with a Get() method and make sure it's the same object." "Oh, well said, my prepubescent sprite!" "Hay!" "So, now, let's write a test function that proves your case." "But shouldn't we write the database object and registry object first?" "Ah, you've much to learn, my young impatient one. Just write the test first." "But it won't even compile!" "Are you sure? What if it did?" "Uh . . ." "Just write the test, Elaine. Trust me." And so Joe, Elaine, and all the other developers began to code their tasks, one test case at a time. The room in which they worked was abuzz with the conversations between the pairs. The murmur was punctuated by an occasional high five when a pair managed to finish a task or a difficult test case. As development proceeded, the developers changed partners once or twice a day. Each developer got to see what all the others were doing, and so knowledge of the code spread generally throughout the team. Whenever a pair finished something significant whether a whole task or simply an important part of a task they integrated what they had with the rest of the system. Thus, the code base grew daily, and integration difficulties were minimized. The developers communicated with Jane on a daily basis. They'd go to her whenever they had a question about the functionality of the system or the interpretation of an acceptance test case. Jane, good as her word, supplied the team with a steady stream of acceptance test scripts. The team read these carefully and thereby gained a much better understanding of what Jane expected the system to do. By the beginning of the second week, there was enough functionality to demonstrate to Jane. She watched eagerly as the demonstration passed test case after test case. "This is really cool," Jane said as the demonstration finally ended. "But this doesn't seem like one-third of the tasks. Is your velocity slower than anticipated?" You grimace. You'd been waiting for a good time to mention this to Jane but now she was forcing the issue. "Yes, unfortunately, we are going more slowly than we had expected. The new application server we are using is turning out to be a pain to configure. Also, it takes forever to reboot, and we have to reboot it whenever we make even the slightest change to its configuration." Jane eyes you with suspicion. The stress of last Monday's negotiations had still not entirely dissipated. She says, "And what does this mean to our schedule? We can't slip it again, we just can't. Russ will have a fit! He'll haul us all into the woodshed and ream us some new ones." You look Jane right in the eyes. There's no pleasant way to give someone news like this. So you just blurt out, "Look, if things keep going like they're going, we're not going to be done with everything by next Friday. Now it's possible that we'll figure out a way to go faster. But, frankly, I wouldn't depend on that. You should start thinking about one or two tasks that could be removed from the iteration without ruining the demonstration for Russ. Come hell or high water, we are going to give that demonstration on Friday, and I don't think you want us to choose which tasks to omit." "Aw forchrisakes!" Jane barely manages to stifle yelling that last word as she stalks away, shaking her head. Not for the first time, you say to yourself, "Nobody ever promised me project management would be easy." You are pretty sure it won't be the last time, either. Actually, things went a bit better than you had hoped. The team did, in fact, have to drop one task from the iteration, but Jane had chosen wisely, and the demonstration for Russ went without a hitch. Russ was not impressed with the progress, but neither was he dismayed. He simply said, "This is pretty good. But remember, we have to be able to demonstrate this system at the trade show in July, and at this rate, it doesn't look like you'll have all that much to show." Jane, whose attitude had improved dramatically with the completion of the iteration, responded to Russ by saying, "Russ, this team is working hard, and well. When July comes around, I am confident that we'll have something significant to demonstrate. It won't be everything, and some of it may be smoke and mirrors, but we'll have something." Painful though the last iteration was, it had calibrated your velocity numbers. The next iteration went much better. Not because your team got more done than in the last iteration but simply because the team didn't have to remove any tasks or stories in the middle of the iteration. By the start of the fourth iteration, a natural rhythm has been established. Jane, you, and the team know exactly what to expect from one another. The team is running hard, but the pace is sustainable. You are confident that the team can keep up this pace for a year or more. The number of surprises in the schedule diminishes to near zero; however, the number of surprises in the requirements does not. Jane and Russ frequently look over the growing system and make recommendations or changes to the existing functionality. But all parties realize that these changes take time and must be scheduled. So the changes do not cause anyone's expectations to be violated. In March, there is a major demonstration of the system to the board of directors. The system is very limited and is not yet in a form good enough to take to the trade show, but progress is steady, and the board is reasonably impressed. The second release goes even more smoothly than the first. By now, the team has figured out a way to automate Jane's acceptance test scripts. The team has also refactored the design of the system to the point that it is really easy to add new features and change old ones. The second release was done by the end of June and was taken to the trade show. It had less in it than Jane and Russ would have liked, but it did demonstrate the most important features of the system. Although customers at the trade show noticed that certain features were missing, they were very impressed overall. You, Russ, and Jane all returned from the trade show with smiles on your faces. You all felt as though this project was a winner. Indeed, many months later, you are contacted by Rufus Inc. That company had been working on a system like this for its internal operations. Rufus has canceled the development of that system after a death-march project and is negotiating to license your technology for its environment. Indeed, things are looking up!

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Jquery Slidetoggle open 1 div and close another

- by Stephen

I'm trying to close one div when clicking on another div . Currently, it opens multiple divs at one time. JQUERY: $(document).ready(function() { $(".dropdown dt a").click(function() { var dropID = $(this).closest("dl").attr("id"); $("#"+dropID+" dd ul").slideToggle(200); return false; }); $(".dropdown dd ul li a").click(function() { var dropID = $(this).closest("dl").attr("id"); var text = $(this).html(); var selVal = $(this).find(".dropdown_value").html(); $("#"+dropID+" dt a").html(text); $("#"+dropID+" dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $("dl[class!=dropdown]").click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $("id!=quotetoolContainer").click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $('body').click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $('.productSelection').children().hover(function() { $(this).siblings().stop().fadeTo(200,0.5); }, function() { $(this).siblings().stop().fadeTo(200,1); }); }); HTML: <div id="quotetoolContainer"> <div class="top"></div> <div id="quotetool"> <h2>Instant Price Calculator</h2> <p>Document Type</p> <dl id="docType" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#"><span>Select a Document Type</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#" id="1">Datasheets<span class="value">Datasheets</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Manuals<span class="value">Manuals</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Brochures<span class="value">Brochures</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Newsletters<span class="value">Newsletters</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Booklets<span class="value">Booklets</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Flat Size</p> <dl id="flatSize" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">8.5" x 11"<span class="value">8.5" x 11"</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">8.5" x 11"<span class="value">8.5" x 11"</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">11" x 17"<span class="value">11" x 17"</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Full Color or Black & White?</p> <dl id="color" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Full Color<span class="value">Full Color</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Full Color<span class="value">Full Color</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Black & White<span class="value">Black & White</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Paper</p> <dl id="paper" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Value White Paper (20 lb.)<span class="value">Value White Paper (20 lb.)</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Value White Paper (20 lb.)<span class="value">Value White Paper (20 lb.)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Premium White Paper (28 lb.)<span class="value">Premium White Paper (28 lb.)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Glossy White Text (80 lb.) - Recycled<span class="value">Glossy White Text (80 lb.) - Recycled</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Glossy White Cover (80 lb.) - Recycled<span class="value">Glossy White Cover (80 lb.) - Recycled</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Folding</p> <dl id="folding" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Fold in Half<span class="value">Fold in Half</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Fold in Half<span class="value">Fold in Half</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Tri-Fold<span class="value">Tri-Fold</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Z-Fold<span class="value">Z-Fold</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Double-Parallel Fold<span class="value">Double-Parallel Fold</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Three-Hole Drill</p> <dl id="drill" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">No<span class="value">No</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">No<span class="value">No</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Yes<span class="value">Yes</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Qty</p> <dl id="quantity" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">50<span class="value">50</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">50<span class="value">50</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">100<span class="value">100</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">150<span class="value">150</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">200<span class="value">200</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">250<span class="value">250</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">500<span class="value">500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">750<span class="value">750</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">1,000<span class="value">1,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">1,500<span class="value">1,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2,000<span class="value">2,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2,500<span class="value">2,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">3,000<span class="value">3,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">3,500<span class="value">3,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">4,000<span class="value">4,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">4,500<span class="value">4,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">5,000<span class="value">5,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">5,500<span class="value">5,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">6,000<span class="value">6,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">6,500<span class="value">6,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">7,000<span class="value">7,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">7,500<span class="value">7,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">8,000<span class="value">8,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">8,500<span class="value">8,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">9,000<span class="value">9,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">9,500<span class="value">9,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">10,000<span class="value">10,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">12,500<span class="value">12,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">15,000<span class="value">15,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">17,500<span class="value">17,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">20,000<span class="value">20,000</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <div id="priceTotal"> <div class="priceText">Your Price:</div> <div class="price">$29.00</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="buttonQuoteStart"><a href="#" title="Start Printing">Start Printing</a></div> </div> <div class="bottom"></div> </div>

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Re: Help with Boost Grammar

- by Decmac04

I have redesigned and extended the grammar I asked about earlier as shown below: // BIFAnalyser.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // // /*============================================================================= Copyright (c) Temitope Jos Onunkun 2010 http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/pg/onun/ Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) =============================================================================*/ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // // B Machine parser using the Boost "Grammar" and "Semantic Actions". // // // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// include include include include include include //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// using namespace std; using namespace boost::spirit; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Semantic Actions // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // namespace { //semantic action function on individual lexeme void do_noint(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); if (str != "NAT1") cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; } //semantic action function on addition of lexemes void do_add(char const*, char const*) { cout << "ADD" << endl; // for(vector::iterator vi = strVect.begin(); vi < strVect.end(); ++vi) // cout << *vi << " "; } //semantic action function on subtraction of lexemes void do_subt(char const*, char const*) { cout << "SUBTRACT" << endl; } //semantic action function on multiplication of lexemes void do_mult(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nMULTIPLY" << endl; } //semantic action function on division of lexemes void do_div(char const*, char const*) { cout << "\nDIVIDE" << endl; } // // vector flowTable; //semantic action function on simple substitution void do_sSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer Tokenizer; boost::char_separator sep(" -+/*:=()",0,boost::drop_empty_tokens); // char separator definition Tokenizer tok(str, sep); Tokenizer::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); pair dependency; //create a pair object for dependencies //create a vector object to store all tokens vector dx; // int counter = 0; // tracks token position for(tok.begin(); tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { dx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } counter = dx.size(); // vector d_hat; //stores set of dependency pairs string dep; //pairs variables as string object // dependency.first = *tok.begin(); vector FV; for(int unsigned i=1; i < dx.size(); i++) { // if(!atoi(dx.at(i).c_str()) && (dx.at(i) !=" ")) { dependency.second = dx.at(i); dep = dependency.first + "|-" + dependency.second + " "; d_hat.push_back(dep); vector<string> row; row.push_back(dependency.first); //push x_hat into first column of each row for(unsigned int j=0; j<2; j++) { row.push_back(dependency.second);//push an element (column) into the row } flowTable.push_back(row); //Add the row to the main vector } } //displays internal representation of information flow table cout << "\n****************\nDependency Table\n****************\n"; cout << "X_Hat\tDx\tG_Hat\n"; cout << "-----------------------------\n"; for(unsigned int i=0; i < flowTable.size(); i++) { for(unsigned int j=0; j<2; j++) { cout << flowTable[i][j] << "\t "; } if (*tok.begin() != "WHILE" ) //if there are no global flows, cout << "\t{}"; //display empty set cout << "\n"; } cout << "***************\n\n"; for(int unsigned j=0; j < FV.size(); j++) { if(FV.at(j) != dependency.second) dep = dependency.first + "|-" + dependency.second + " "; d_hat.push_back(dep); } cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\n*******\nDependency pairs\n*******\n"; for(int unsigned i=0; i < d_hat.size(); i++) cout << d_hat.at(i) << "\n...\n"; cout << "\nSIMPLE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on multiple substitution void do_mSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; //cout << "\nMULTIPLE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on unbounded choice substitution void do_mChoice(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nUNBOUNDED CHOICE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } void do_logicExpr(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //use boost tokenizer to break down tokens typedef boost::tokenizer Tokenizer; boost::char_separator sep(" -+/*=:()<",0,boost::drop_empty_tokens); // char separator definition Tokenizer tok(str, sep); Tokenizer::iterator tok_iter = tok.begin(); //pair dependency; //create a pair object for dependencies //create a vector object to store all tokens vector dx; for(tok.begin(); tok_iter != tok.end(); ++tok_iter) //save all tokens in vector { dx.push_back(*tok_iter ); } for(unsigned int i=0; i cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nPREDICATE\n\n"; } void do_predicate(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nMULTIPLE PREDICATE\n\n"; } void do_ifSelectPre(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); //if cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nPROTECTED SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } //semantic action function on machine substitution void do_machSubst(char const* start, char const* end) { string str(start, end); cout << "PUSH(" << str << ')' << endl; cout << "\nMACHINE SUBSTITUTION\n\n"; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Machine Substitution Grammar // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Simple substitution grammar parser with integer values removed struct Substitution : public grammar { template struct definition { definition(Substitution const& ) { machine_subst = ( (simple_subst) | (multi_subst) | (if_select_pre_subst) | (unbounded_choice) )[&do_machSubst] ; unbounded_choice = str_p("ANY") ide_list str_p("WHERE") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst str_p("END") ; if_select_pre_subst = ( ( str_p("IF") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst *( str_p("ELSIF") predicate machine_subst ) !( str_p("ELSE") machine_subst) str_p("END") ) | ( str_p("SELECT") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst *( str_p("WHEN") predicate machine_subst ) !( str_p("ELSE") machine_subst) str_p("END")) | ( str_p("PRE") predicate str_p("THEN") machine_subst str_p("END") ) )[&do_ifSelectPre] ; multi_subst = ( (machine_subst) *( ( str_p("||") (machine_subst) ) | ( str_p("[]") (machine_subst) ) ) ) [&do_mSubst] ; simple_subst = (identifier str_p(":=") arith_expr) [&do_sSubst] ; expression = predicate | arith_expr ; predicate = ( (logic_expr) *( ( ch_p('&') (logic_expr) ) | ( str_p("OR") (logic_expr) ) ) )[&do_predicate] ; logic_expr = ( identifier (str_p("<") arith_expr) | (str_p("<") arith_expr) | (str_p("/:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("/<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("/<<:") arith_expr) | (str_p("<=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) | (str_p("=") arith_expr) ) [&do_logicExpr] ; arith_expr = term *( ('+' term)[&do_add] | ('-' term)[&do_subt] ) ; term = factor ( ('' factor)[&do_mult] | ('/' factor)[&do_div] ) ; factor = lexeme_d[( identifier | +digit_p)[&do_noint]] | '(' expression ')' | ('+' factor) ; ide_list = identifier *( ch_p(',') identifier ) ; identifier = alpha_p +( alnum_p | ch_p('_') ) ; } rule machine_subst, unbounded_choice, if_select_pre_subst, multi_subst, simple_subst, expression, predicate, logic_expr, arith_expr, term, factor, ide_list, identifier; rule<ScannerT> const& start() const { return predicate; //return multi_subst; //return machine_subst; } }; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Main program // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main() { cout << "*********************************\n\n"; cout << "\t\t...Machine Parser...\n\n"; cout << "*********************************\n\n"; // cout << "Type an expression...or [q or Q] to quit\n\n"; string str; int machineCount = 0; char strFilename[256]; //file name store as a string object do { cout << "Please enter a filename...or [q or Q] to quit:\n\n "; //prompt for file name to be input //char strFilename[256]; //file name store as a string object cin strFilename; if(*strFilename == 'q' || *strFilename == 'Q') //termination condition return 0; ifstream inFile(strFilename); // opens file object for reading //output file for truncated machine (operations only) if (inFile.fail()) cerr << "\nUnable to open file for reading.\n" << endl; inFile.unsetf(std::ios::skipws); Substitution elementary_subst; // Simple substitution parser object string next; while (inFile str) { getline(inFile, next); str += next; if (str.empty() || str[0] == 'q' || str[0] == 'Q') break; parse_info< info = parse(str.c_str(), elementary_subst !end_p, space_p); if (info.full) { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing succeeded\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } else { cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; cout << "Parsing failed\n"; cout << "stopped at: " << info.stop << "\"\n"; cout << "\n-------------------------\n"; } } } while ( (*strFilename != 'q' || *strFilename !='Q')); return 0; } However, I am experiencing the following unexpected behaviours on testing: The text files I used are: f1.txt, ... containing ...: debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20 . f2.txt, ... containing ...: debt:=(LoanRequest+outstandingLoan1)*20 || newDebt := loanammount-paidammount || price := purchasePrice + overhead + bb . f3.txt, ... containing ...: yy < (xx+7+ww) . f4.txt, ... containing ...: yy < (xx+7+ww) & yy : NAT . When I use multi_subst as start rule both files (f1 and f2) are parsed correctly; When I use machine_subst as start rule file f1 parse correctly, while file f2 fails, producing the error: “Parsing failed stopped at: || newDebt := loanammount-paidammount || price := purchasePrice + overhead + bb” When I use predicate as start symbol, file f3 parse correctly, but file f4 yields the error: “ “Parsing failed stopped at: & yy : NAT” Can anyone help with the grammar, please? It appears there are problems with the grammar that I have so far been unable to spot.

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How to edit item in a listbox shown from reading a .csv file?

- by Shuvo

I am working in a project where my application can open a .csv file and read data from it. The .csv file contains the latitude, longitude of places. The application reads data from the file shows it in a static map and display icon on the right places. The application can open multiple file at a time and it opens with a new tab every time. But I am having trouble in couple of cases When I am trying to add a new point to the .csv file opened. I am able to write new point on the same file instead adding a new point data to the existing its replacing others and writing the new point only. I cannot use selectedIndexChange event to perform edit option on the listbox and then save the file. Any direction would be great. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace CourseworkExample { public partial class Form1 : Form { public GPSDataPoint gpsdp; List<GPSDataPoint> data; List<PictureBox> pictures; List<TabPage> tabs; public static int pn = 0; private TabPage currentComponent; private Bitmap bmp1; string[] symbols = { "hospital", "university" }; Image[] symbolImages; ListBox lb = new ListBox(); string name = ""; string path = ""; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); data = new List<GPSDataPoint>(); pictures = new List<PictureBox>(); tabs = new List<TabPage>(); symbolImages = new Image[symbols.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { string location = "data/" + symbols[i] + ".png"; symbolImages[i] = Image.FromFile(location); } } private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { FileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog(); string filter = "CSV File (*.csv)|*.csv"; ofd.Filter = filter; DialogResult dr = ofd.ShowDialog(); if (dr.Equals(DialogResult.OK)) { int i = ofd.FileName.LastIndexOf("\\"); name = ofd.FileName; path = ofd.FileName; if (i > 0) { name = ofd.FileName.Substring(i + 1); path = ofd.FileName.Substring(0, i + 1); } TextReader input = new StreamReader(ofd.FileName); string mapName = input.ReadLine(); GPSDataPoint gpsD = new GPSDataPoint(); gpsD.setBounds(input.ReadLine()); string s; while ((s = input.ReadLine()) != null) { gpsD.addWaypoint(s); } input.Close(); TabPage tabPage = new TabPage(); tabPage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22); tabPage.Name = "tabPage" + pn; lb.Width = 300; int selectedindex = lb.SelectedIndex; lb.Items.Add(mapName); lb.Items.Add("Bounds"); lb.Items.Add(gpsD.Bounds[0] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[1] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[2] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[3]); lb.Items.Add("Waypoint"); foreach (WayPoint wp in gpsD.DataList) { lb.Items.Add(wp.Name + " " + wp.Latitude + " " + wp.Longitude + " " + wp.Ele + " " + wp.Sym); } tabPage.Controls.Add(lb); pn++; tabPage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3); tabPage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(192, 74); tabPage.TabIndex = 0; tabPage.Text = name; tabPage.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; tabs.Add(tabPage); tabControl1.Controls.Add(tabPage); tabPage = new TabPage(); tabPage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22); tabPage.Name = "tabPage" + pn; pn++; tabPage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3); tabPage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(192, 74); tabPage.TabIndex = 0; tabPage.Text = mapName; string location = path + mapName; tabPage.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; tabs.Add(tabPage); PictureBox pb = new PictureBox(); pb.Name = "pictureBox" + pn; pb.Image = Image.FromFile(location); tabControl2.Controls.Add(tabPage); pb.Width = pb.Image.Width; pb.Height = pb.Image.Height; tabPage.Controls.Add(pb); currentComponent = tabPage; tabPage.Width = pb.Width; tabPage.Height = pb.Height; pn++; tabControl2.Width = pb.Width; tabControl2.Height = pb.Height; bmp1 = (Bitmap)pb.Image; int lx, ly; float realWidth = gpsD.Bounds[1] - gpsD.Bounds[3]; float imageW = pb.Image.Width; float dx = imageW * (gpsD.Bounds[1] - gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Longitude) / realWidth; float realHeight = gpsD.Bounds[0] - gpsD.Bounds[2]; float imageH = pb.Image.Height; float dy = imageH * (gpsD.Bounds[0] - gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Latitude) / realHeight; lx = (int)dx; ly = (int)dy; using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp1)) { Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(lx, ly, 20, 20); if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("")) { g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.Red), rect); } else { if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("hospital")) { g.DrawImage(symbolImages[0], rect); } else { if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("university")) { g.DrawImage(symbolImages[1], rect); } } } } pb.Image = bmp1; pb.Invalidate(); } } private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e) { FileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog(); string filter = "CSV File (*.csv)|*.csv"; ofd.Filter = filter; DialogResult dr = ofd.ShowDialog(); if (dr.Equals(DialogResult.OK)) { int i = ofd.FileName.LastIndexOf("\\"); name = ofd.FileName; path = ofd.FileName; if (i > 0) { name = ofd.FileName.Substring(i + 1); path = ofd.FileName.Substring(0, i + 1); } TextReader input = new StreamReader(ofd.FileName); string mapName = input.ReadLine(); GPSDataPoint gpsD = new GPSDataPoint(); gpsD.setBounds(input.ReadLine()); string s; while ((s = input.ReadLine()) != null) { gpsD.addWaypoint(s); } input.Close(); TabPage tabPage = new TabPage(); tabPage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22); tabPage.Name = "tabPage" + pn; ListBox lb = new ListBox(); lb.Width = 300; lb.Items.Add(mapName); lb.Items.Add("Bounds"); lb.Items.Add(gpsD.Bounds[0] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[1] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[2] + " " + gpsD.Bounds[3]); lb.Items.Add("Waypoint"); foreach (WayPoint wp in gpsD.DataList) { lb.Items.Add(wp.Name + " " + wp.Latitude + " " + wp.Longitude + " " + wp.Ele + " " + wp.Sym); } tabPage.Controls.Add(lb); pn++; tabPage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3); tabPage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(192, 74); tabPage.TabIndex = 0; tabPage.Text = name; tabPage.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; tabs.Add(tabPage); tabControl1.Controls.Add(tabPage); tabPage = new TabPage(); tabPage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 22); tabPage.Name = "tabPage" + pn; pn++; tabPage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3); tabPage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(192, 74); tabPage.TabIndex = 0; tabPage.Text = mapName; string location = path + mapName; tabPage.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; tabs.Add(tabPage); PictureBox pb = new PictureBox(); pb.Name = "pictureBox" + pn; pb.Image = Image.FromFile(location); tabControl2.Controls.Add(tabPage); pb.Width = pb.Image.Width; pb.Height = pb.Image.Height; tabPage.Controls.Add(pb); currentComponent = tabPage; tabPage.Width = pb.Width; tabPage.Height = pb.Height; pn++; tabControl2.Width = pb.Width; tabControl2.Height = pb.Height; bmp1 = (Bitmap)pb.Image; int lx, ly; float realWidth = gpsD.Bounds[1] - gpsD.Bounds[3]; float imageW = pb.Image.Width; float dx = imageW * (gpsD.Bounds[1] - gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Longitude) / realWidth; float realHeight = gpsD.Bounds[0] - gpsD.Bounds[2]; float imageH = pb.Image.Height; float dy = imageH * (gpsD.Bounds[0] - gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Latitude) / realHeight; lx = (int)dx; ly = (int)dy; using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp1)) { Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(lx, ly, 20, 20); if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("")) { g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.Red), rect); } else { if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("hospital")) { g.DrawImage(symbolImages[0], rect); } else { if (gpsD.getWayPoint(0).Sym.Equals("university")) { g.DrawImage(symbolImages[1], rect); } } } } pb.Image = bmp1; pb.Invalidate(); MessageBox.Show(data.ToString()); } } private void exitToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Close(); } private void addBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string wayName = nameTxtBox.Text; float wayLat = Convert.ToSingle(latTxtBox.Text); float wayLong = Convert.ToSingle(longTxtBox.Text); float wayEle = Convert.ToSingle(elevTxtBox.Text); WayPoint wp = new WayPoint(wayName, wayLat, wayLong, wayEle); GPSDataPoint gdp = new GPSDataPoint(); data = new List<GPSDataPoint>(); gdp.Add(wp); lb.Items.Add(wp.Name + " " + wp.Latitude + " " + wp.Longitude + " " + wp.Ele + " " + wp.Sym); lb.Refresh(); StreamWriter sr = new StreamWriter(name); sr.Write(lb); sr.Close(); DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("Save in New File?","Save", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo); if (result == DialogResult.Yes) { SaveFileDialog saveDialog = new SaveFileDialog(); saveDialog.FileName = "default.csv"; DialogResult saveResult = saveDialog.ShowDialog(); if (saveResult == DialogResult.OK) { sr = new StreamWriter(saveDialog.FileName, true); sr.WriteLine(wayName + "," + wayLat + "," + wayLong + "," + wayEle); sr.Close(); } } else { // sr = new StreamWriter(name, true); // sr.WriteLine(wayName + "," + wayLat + "," + wayLong + "," + wayEle); sr.Close(); } MessageBox.Show(name + path); } } } GPSDataPoint.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; namespace CourseworkExample { public class GPSDataPoint { private float[] bounds; private List<WayPoint> dataList; public GPSDataPoint() { dataList = new List<WayPoint>(); } internal void setBounds(string p) { string[] b = p.Split(','); bounds = new float[b.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < b.Length; i++) { bounds[i] = Convert.ToSingle(b[i]); } } public float[] Bounds { get { return bounds; } } internal void addWaypoint(string s) { WayPoint wp = new WayPoint(s); dataList.Add(wp); } public WayPoint getWayPoint(int i) { if (i < dataList.Count) { return dataList[i]; } else return null; } public List<WayPoint> DataList { get { return dataList; } } internal void Add(WayPoint wp) { dataList.Add(wp); } } } WayPoint.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace CourseworkExample { public class WayPoint { private string name; private float ele; private float latitude; private float longitude; private string sym; public WayPoint(string name, float latitude, float longitude, float elevation) { this.name = name; this.latitude = latitude; this.longitude = longitude; this.ele = elevation; } public WayPoint() { name = "no name"; ele = 3.5F; latitude = 3.5F; longitude = 0.0F; sym = "no symbol"; } public WayPoint(string s) { string[] bits = s.Split(','); name = bits[0]; longitude = Convert.ToSingle(bits[2]); latitude = Convert.ToSingle(bits[1]); if (bits.Length > 4) sym = bits[4]; else sym = ""; try { ele = Convert.ToSingle(bits[3]); } catch (Exception e) { ele = 0.0f; } } public float Longitude { get { return longitude; } set { longitude = value; } } public float Latitude { get { return latitude; } set { latitude = value; } } public float Ele { get { return ele; } set { ele = value; } } public string Name { get { return name; } set { name = value; } } public string Sym { get { return sym; } set { sym = value; } } } } .csv file data birthplace.png 51.483788,-0.351906,51.460745,-0.302982 Born Here,51.473805,-0.32532,-,hospital Danced here,51,483805,-0.32532,-,hospital

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Passing array values using Ajax & JSP

- by Maya

This is my chart application... <script type="text/javascript" > function listbox_moveacross(sourceID, destID) { var src = document.getElementById(sourceID); var dest = document.getElementById(destID); for(var count=0; count < src.options.length; count++) { if(src.options[count].selected == true) { option = src.options[count]; newOption = document.createElement("option"); newOption.value = option.value; newOption.text = option.text; newOption.selected = true; try { dest.add(newOption,null); //Standard src.remove(count,null); alert("New Option Value: " + newOption.value); } catch(error) { dest.add(newOption); // IE only src.remove(count); alert("success IE User"); } count--; } } } function printValues(oSel) { len=oSel.options.length; for(var i=0;i<len;i++) { if(oSel.options[i].selected) { data+="\n"+ oSel.options[i].text + "["+ "\t" + oSel.options[i].value + "]"; } } type=document.getElementById("typeId"); type_text=type.options[type.selectedIndex].text; type_value=document.getElementById("typeId").value; } function GetSelectedItem() { len = document.chart.d.length; i = 0; chosen = ""; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (document.chart.d[i].selected) { chosen = chosen + document.chart.d[i].value + "\n" } } return chosen } $(document).ready(function() { var d; var current_month; var month; var str; var w; var sel; var sel_data; var sel_data_value; $('.submit').click(function(){ // to get current month d=new Date(); month=new Array(12); month[0]="January"; month[1]="February"; month[2]="March"; month[3]="April"; month[4]="May"; month[5]="June"; month[6]="July"; month[7]="August"; month[8]="September"; month[9]="October"; month[10]="November"; month[11]="December"; current_month=d.getMonth(); str=month[d.getMonth()]; w=document.chart.periodId.selectedIndex; // to get selected index value.... sel=document.chart.periodId.options[w].text; // to get selected index value text... for(i=sel;i>=1;i--) { alert(month[i]); } sel_data=document.chart.d.selectedIndex; sel_data_value=document.chart.d.options[sel_data].text; var data_len=document.chart.d.length; var j=0; var chosen=""; for(j=0;j<data_len;j++) { if(document.chart.d.options[i].selected) { chosen=chosen+document.chart.d.options[i].value; } } chart = new Highcharts.Chart({ chart: { renderTo: 'container', defaultSeriesType: 'column' }, title: { text: document.chart.chartTitle.value }, subtitle: { text: 'Source: WorldClimate.com' }, xAxis: { categories: month }, yAxis: { min: 0, title: {text: 'Count' } }, legend: { layout: 'vertical', backgroundColor: '#FFFFFF', align: 'left', verticalAlign: 'top', x: 100, y: 70, floating: true, shadow: true }, tooltip: { formatter: function() { return ''+ this.x +': '+ this.y +' mm'; } }, plotOptions: { column: { pointPadding: 0.2, borderWidth: 0 } }, series: [{ name: sel_data_value, data: [50, 71.5, 106.4, 129.2, 144.0, 176.0, 135.6, 148.5, 216.4, 194.1, 95.6, 54.4] }, { name: 'New York', data: [83.6, 78.8, 98.5, 93.4, 106.0, 84.5, 105.0, 104.3, 91.2, 83.5, 106.6, 92.3] }, { name: 'London', data: [48.9, 38.8, 39.3, 41.4, 47.0, 48.3, 59.0, 59.6, 52.4, 65.2, 59.3, 51.2] }, { name: 'Berlin', data: [42.4, 33.2, 34.5, 39.7, 52.6, 75.5, 57.4, 60.4, 47.6, 39.1, 46.8, 51.1] }] }); }); }); </script> <%! Connection con = null; Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; String url = "jdbc:postgresql://192.168.1.196:5432/autocube3"; String user = "autocube"; String pass = "autocube"; String query = ""; int mid; %> <% ChartCategory chartCategory = new ChartCategory(); chartCategory.setBar_name("vehicle reporting"); chartCategory.setMonth("3"); chartCategory.setValue("1000"); if (request.getParameter("mid") != null) { mid = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("mid")); } else { mid = 0; } Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass); System.out.println("Connected to Database"); stmt = con.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery("select code,description from plant"); %> </head> <body> <form method="post" name="chart"> <fieldset> <legend>Chart Options</legend> <br />  <label for="hstate">Plant:</label> <select name="plantId" size="1" id="plantId" >  <% while (rs.next()) { %> <option value="<%=rs.getString("code")%>"><%=rs.getString("description")%></option> <% } String plant = request.getParameter("hstate"); System.out.println("Selected Plant" + request.getParameterValues("plantId")); %> </select> <br /> <label for="hcountry">Period</label> <select name="periodId" id="periodId"> <option value="0">1</option> <option value="1">2</option> <option value="2">3</option> <option value="3">4</option> <option value="4">5</option> <option value="5">6</option> <option value="6">7</option> <option value="7">8</option> <option value="8">9</option> <option value="9">10</option> <option value="10">11</option> <option value="11">12</option> </select> <br/>  <label for="hstate" >Interval</label> <select name="intervalId" id="intervalId"> <option value="day">Day</option> <option value="month" selected>Month</option> </select> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Chart Data</legend> <br/> <br/> <table > <tbody> <tr> <td> &emsp;<select multiple name="data" size="5" id="s" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;" > <% String[] list = ReportField.getList(); for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { String field = ReportField.getFieldName(list[i]); %> <option value="<%=field%>"><%=list[i]%></option> <% //System.out.println("Names :" + list[i]); //System.out.println("Field Names :" + field); } %> </select> </td> <td> <input type="button" value=">>" onclick="listbox_moveacross('s', 'd')" /><br/> <input type="button" value="<<" onclick="listbox_moveacross('d', 's')" /> &emsp; </td> <td> &emsp; <select name="selectedData" size="5" id="d" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"> </select></td> <% for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++) { String arr = request.getParameter("selectedData"); System.out.println("Arrya" + arr); } %> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Chart Info</legend> <br/> <label for="hstate" >Type</label> <select name="typeId" id="typeId"> <option value="" selected>select...</option> <option value="bar">Bar</option> <option value="pie" >Pie</option> <option value="line" >Line</option> </select> <br/> <label for="uname" id="titleId">Title </label> <input class="text" type="text" name="chartTitle"/> <br /> <label for="uemail2">Pin to Dash board:</label> <input class="text" type="checkbox" id="pinId" name="pinId"/> </fieldset> <input class="submit" type="button" value="Submit" />  </form> <div id="container" style="width: 800px; height: 400px; margin: 0 auto"> </div> </body> </html> using javascript function, am storing the selected listbox values in 'sel_data_value'. I need to pass this selected array values to database to retrieve values regarding selection. How can i do this using ajax. i don know how to pass array values in ajax and retrieve it from database. Thanks.

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count specific values in a multidimensional array

- by user1680701

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Can't change text color in Microsoft Word 2010

- by Wesley

I have Microsoft Office 2010 32-bit running on Windows 7 32-bit. When text is highlighted and a color is selected from the mini-toolbar or the ribbon, the text does not change color. If I change the color for multiple words, and select a different color for each word, the toolbar and ribbon will reflect each of the different colors that I chose, however it is not displayed in the document. So it appears that Word is aware of the text color and not as if it is simply not applying the change. What may be causing this inability to view text colors and how might I fix it? My only troubleshooting attempt so far has been to perform a repair installation of Office. EDIT 1 I created a document, typed a word, selected it and changed the color. I then saved the document as HTML. The text did not change color. This is the HTML in the document: <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 14"> <link rel=File-List href="Document_1_files/filelist.xml">  <link rel=themeData href="Document_1_files/themedata.thmx"> <link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="Document_1_files/colorschememapping.xml">  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE><span style='color:red'>blah</span></span><span style='color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </body> </html> EDIT 2 I recorded a macro and did the following: Typed a word Selected the word Changed the color. Oddly, I had some strange issues while the macro was recorded. I could not select text with my cursor. I had to select the text with control a and then apply the color change. I then couldn't deselect the selected text. Nonetheless, the text showed that it had a different color in the toolbar, but the color did not display in the document. Here's the macro: Sub Change_Text_Color() ' ' Change_Text_Color Macro ' ' Selection.TypeText Text:="Test Text" Selection.WholeStory Selection.WholeStory End Sub EDIT 3 I opened WordPad and created some text and was able to successfully change the color. If I copy and paste the colored text into a Word 2010 document, the color is lost. However, if you place the I-beam in the text and then look at the color selection drop-down menu on the ribbon or mini-toolbar, you can see that the proper color that the text should be in is highlighted. Edit 4 I uninstalled the entire Office 2010 Suite, rebooted and then reinstalled the suite. No change in behavior. Edit 5 Text cannot be colored in Excel either.

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Using a mounted NTFS share with nginx

- by Hoff

I have set up a local testing VM with Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS and the LEMP stack. It's kind of an unconventional setup because instead of having all my PHP scripts on the local machine, I've mounted an NTFS share as the document root because I do my development on Windows. I had everything working perfectly up until this morning, now I keep getting a dreaded 'File not found.' error. I am almost certain this must be somehow permission related, because if I copy my site over to /var/www, nginx and php-fpm have no problems serving my PHP scripts. What I can't figure out is why all of a sudden (after a reboot of the server), no PHP files will be served but instead just the 'File not found.' error. Static files work fine, so I think it's PHP that is causing the headache. Both nginx and php-fpm are configured to run as the user www-data: root@ubuntu-server:~# ps aux | grep 'nginx\|php-fpm' root 1095 0.0 0.0 5816 792 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 nginx: master process /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf www-data 1096 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 1098 0.0 0.1 6016 1172 ? S 11:11 0:00 nginx: worker process root 1130 0.0 0.4 175560 4212 ? Ss 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/php-fpm.conf) www-data 1131 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www www-data 1132 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www www-data 1133 0.0 0.3 175560 3216 ? S 11:11 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 1686 0.0 0.0 4368 816 pts/1 S+ 11:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx\|php-fpm I have mounted the NTFS share at /mnt/webfiles by editing /etc/fstab and adding the following line: //192.168.0.199/c$/Websites/ /mnt/webfiles cifs username=Jordan,password=mypasswordhere,gid=33,uid=33 0 0 Where gid 33 is the www-data group and uid 33 is the user www-data. If I list the contents of one of my sites you can in fact see that they belong to the user www-data: root@ubuntu-server:~# ls -l /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0 total 8 drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 6 19:12 app drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Aug 22 19:00 assets -rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1150 Jan 4 2012 favicon.ico -rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 1412 Dec 28 2011 index.php drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:44 lib drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jan 3 2012 plugins drwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Jun 3 16:45 vendors If I switch to the www-data user, I have no problem creating a new file on the share: root@ubuntu-server:~# su www-data $ > /mnt/webfiles/test.txt $ ls -l /mnt/webfiles | grep test\.txt -rwxr-xr-x 0 www-data www-data 0 Sep 8 11:19 test.txt There should be no problem reading or writing to the share with php-fpm running as the user www-data. When I examine the error log of nginx, it's filled with a bunch of lines that look like the following: 2012/09/08 11:22:36 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "192.168.0.123" 2012/09/08 11:22:39 [error] 1096#0: *1 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.199, server: , request: "GET /apc.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "192.168.0.123" It's bizarre that this was working previously and now all of sudden PHP is complaining that it can't "find" the scripts on the share. Does anybody know why this is happening? EDIT I tried editing php-fpm.conf and changing chdir to the following: chdir = /mnt/webfiles When I try and restart the php-fpm service, I get the error: Starting php-fpm [08-Sep-2012 14:20:55] ERROR: [pool www] the chdir path '/mnt/webfiles' does not exist or is not a directory This is a total load of bullshit because this directory DOES exist and is mounted! Any ls commands to list that directory work perfectly. Why the hell can't PHP-FPM see this directory?! Here are my configuration files for reference: nginx.conf user www-data; worker_processes 2; error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx.log info; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; multi_accept on; } http { include fastcgi.conf; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For; ## Proxy proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 32m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffers 32 4k; ## Compression gzip on; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; ### TCP options tcp_nodelay on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; sendfile on; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } my site config server { listen 80; access_log /var/log/nginx/$host.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; root /mnt/webfiles/nTv5-2.0/app/webroot; index index.php; ## Block bad bots if ($http_user_agent ~* (HTTrack|HTMLParser|libcurl|discobot|Exabot|Casper|kmccrew|plaNETWORK|RPT-HTTPClient)) { return 444; } ## Block certain Referers (case insensitive) if ($http_referer ~* (sex|vigra|viagra) ) { return 444; } ## Deny dot files: location ~ /\. { deny all; } ## Favicon Not Found location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; } ## Robots.txt Not Found location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; } if (-f $document_root/maintenance.html) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /maintenance.html last; } location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ { # Some basic cache-control for static files to be sent to the browser expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=2678400, public, must-revalidate"; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ index.php; if (-f $request_filename) { break; } rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?url=$1 last; } location ~ \.php$ { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } } php-fpm.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; FPM Configuration ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install ; prefix (/opt/php5). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the ; '-p' argument from the command line. ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the ; file. ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by: ; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p arguement) ; - /opt/php5 otherwise ;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Global Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [global] ; Pid file ; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var ; Default Value: none pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid ; Error log file ; Note: the default prefix is /opt/php5/var ; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm/php-fpm.log ; Log level ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug ; Default Value: notice ;log_level = notice ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value ; of '0' means 'Off'. ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory. ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. ; Default Value: yes ;daemonize = yes ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Pool Definitions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening ; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be ; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which ; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :) ; Start a new pool named 'www'. ; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the ; pool name ('www' here) [www] ; Per pool prefix ; It only applies on the following directives: ; - 'slowlog' ; - 'listen' (unixsocket) ; - 'chroot' ; - 'chdir' ; - 'php_values' ; - 'php_admin_values' ; When not set, the global prefix (or /opt/php5) applies instead. ; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix. ; Default Value: none ;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests. ; Valid syntaxes are: ; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on ; a specific port; ; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a ; specific port; ; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket. ; Note: This value is mandatory. ;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock ; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited. ; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD) ;listen.backlog = -1 ; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect. ; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original ; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address ; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be ; accepted from any ip address. ; Default Value: any ;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 ; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0666 ;listen.owner = www-data ;listen.group = www-data ;listen.mode = 0666 ; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group ; will be used. user = www-data group = www-data ; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes. ; Possible Values: ; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes; ; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the ; following directives: ; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can ; be alive at the same time. ; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup. ; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle' ; state (waiting to process). If the number ; of 'idle' processes is less than this ; number then some children will be created. ; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle' ; state (waiting to process). If the number ; of 'idle' processes is greater than this ; number then some children will be killed. ; Note: This value is mandatory. pm = dynamic ; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the ; maximum number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'dynamic'. ; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be ; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork. ; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP ; CGI. ; Note: Used when pm is set to either 'static' or 'dynamic' ; Note: This value is mandatory. pm.max_children = 50 ; The number of child processes created on startup. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic' ; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2 pm.start_servers = 20 ; The desired minimum number of idle server processes. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic' ; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic' pm.min_spare_servers = 5 ; The desired maximum number of idle server processes. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic' ; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic' pm.max_spare_servers = 35 ; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning. ; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For ; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS. ; Default Value: 0 pm.max_requests = 500 ; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be ; recognized as a status page. By default, the status page shows the following ; information: ; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool; ; pool - the name of the pool; ; process manager - static or dynamic; ; idle processes - the number of idle processes; ; active processes - the number of active processes; ; total processes - the number of idle + active processes. ; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached, ; when pm tries to start more children (works only for ; pm 'dynamic') ; The values of 'idle processes', 'active processes' and 'total processes' are ; updated each second. The value of 'accepted conn' is updated in real time. ; Example output: ; accepted conn: 12073 ; pool: www ; process manager: static ; idle processes: 35 ; active processes: 65 ; total processes: 100 ; max children reached: 1 ; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either ; 'html' or 'json' as a query string will return the corresponding output ; syntax. Example: ; http://www.foo.bar/status ; http://www.foo.bar/status?json ; http://www.foo.bar/status?html ; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be ; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it ; may conflict with a real PHP file. ; Default Value: not set pm.status_path = /status ; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no ; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside ; that FPM is alive and responding, or to ; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such); ; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing); ; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7). ; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be ; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it ; may conflict with a real PHP file. ; Default Value: not set ping.path = /ping ; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The ; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code. ; Default Value: pong ping.response = pong ; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will ; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option ; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'. ; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Value: 0 ;request_terminate_timeout = 0 ; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be ; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'. ; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Value: 0 ;request_slowlog_timeout = 0 ; The log file for slow requests ; Default Value: not set ; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set ;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow ; Set open file descriptor rlimit. ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_files = 1024 ; Set max core size rlimit. ; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0 ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_core = 0 ; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an ; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used. ; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one ; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix ; will be used instead. ; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever ; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot ; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...). ; Default Value: not set ;chroot = ; Chdir to this directory at the start. ; Note: relative path can be used. ; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot ;chdir = /var/www ; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and ; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs. ; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page ; process time (several ms). ; Default Value: no ;catch_workers_output = yes ; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from ; the current environment. ; Default Value: clean env ;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME ;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin ;env[TMP] = /tmp ;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp ;env[TEMP] = /tmp ; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings ; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the ; same as the PHP SAPI: ; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can ; be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'. ; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by ; PHP call 'ini_set' ; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no. ; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from ; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not ; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value ; instead. ; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix ; (pool, global or /opt/php5) ; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and ; specified at startup with the -d argument ;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f [email protected] ;php_flag[display_errors] = off ;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log ;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on ;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

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CHAT ROOMs 7 by 6

- by user2939942

I am looking for chatroom on one page with 7 loggedin users and 6+rows for say 42 users.these users will keep on adding wthnew users.Need urgent help.A PRETTY UNUSUAL Q FOR MOST OF U.What is MORE REQ new features: Usernames are unique to users currently chatting You can see a "currently chatting" user list There are multiple rooms for chatting <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <title>Simpla Admin</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="resources/css/reset.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="resources/css/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="resources/css/invalid.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/jquery-1.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/simpla.jquery.configuration.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/facebox.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/jquery.wysiwyg.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/jquery.datePicker.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/scripts/jquery.date.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="suggest3.js"></script><script language="javascript"> function popitappup4() { var aid=document.a.cid.value; var url="followup.php?id="+aid; alert(url); newwindow=window.open(url,'name','height=480,width=480, scrollbars=yes'); if (window.focus) {newwindow.focus()} return false; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="highslide-with-html.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="highslide.css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> hs.graphicsDir = 'graphics/'; hs.outlineType = 'rounded-white'; hs.wrapperClassName = 'draggable-header'; </script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/chat.css" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/screen.css" /> </head> <body onload="fnew()"><div id="body-wrapper">  <div id="sidebar"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/chat.css" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/screen.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/chat.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function fnew() { document.getElementById("psearch").focus(); } </script> <div id="sidebar-wrapper">  <h1 id="sidebar-title"><a href="#"></a></h1>  <a href="#"><img id="logo" src="resources/images/logo.png" alt="Simpla Admin logo" /></a>  <form name="frm" action="opd_view1.php"> <table width="240" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="210"><div align="right" style="font-size:22px; color:#FFFFFF"><b>OPD Search</b></div></td> <td width="30"><div align="right"></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> </td> <td align="right"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"><div align="right"> <input type="text" name="psearch" id="psearch" class="text-input" style="width:45mm;" /> </div></td> <td align="right"><div align="right"></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="right"></div></td> <td><div align="right"></div></td> </tr> </table> </form> <div id="profile-links"> <a href="welcome.php" title="Sign Out" style="font-size:16px" ><b> </b></a> <br /> <a href="sample.php" title="Chat">Chat</a> </div></div>  <div id="main-content">  <noscript>  </noscript> <div style="width:100%; height: 600px; overflow-x: scroll; scrollbar-arrow-color: blue; scrollbar-face-color: #e7e7e7; scrollbar-3dlight-color: #a0a0a0; scrollbar-darkshadow-color: #888888; background-color:#FFFFFF "> <ul class="shortcut-buttons-set">  <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drabhinit')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drabhinit</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drvarun')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drvarun</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('sameer')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>sameer</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drchetan')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drchetan</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neema')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neema</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drpriya')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drpriya</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drchhavi')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drchhavi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drsanjay')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drsanjay</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('ruchi')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>ruchi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drarchana')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drarchana</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drshraddha')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drshraddha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('sunita')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>sunita</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('reshma')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>reshma</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('riya')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>riya</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drritesh')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drritesh</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('rachana')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>rachana</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('sunita')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>sunita</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('kavye')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>kavye</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('paridhi')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>paridhi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('paridhi')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>paridhi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drsonika')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drsonika</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('anny')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>anny</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('nitansh')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>nitansh</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drekta')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drekta</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drritesh')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drritesh</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neeraj')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neeraj</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neeraj')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neeraj</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drneha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drneha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('kirti')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>kirti</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drratna')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drratna</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drratana')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drratana</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drnoopur')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drnoopur</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('admin k')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>admin k</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('web')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>web</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drarti')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drarti</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drsaqib')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drsaqib</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neelesh')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neelesh</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('pooja')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>pooja</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drneha')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drneha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drnupur')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drnupur</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('isha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>isha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('isha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>isha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drnamrata')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drnamrata</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('ashish')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>ashish</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('ambrish')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>ambrish</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drrashmi')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drrashmi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drsapna')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drsapna</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('manisha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>manisha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('Isha')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>Isha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drrashmi')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drrashmi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('Dr Meghna')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>Dr Meghna</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('akanksha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>akanksha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drashish')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drashish</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drpriya')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drpriya</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drnitya')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drnitya</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drmanoj')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drmanoj</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('sonali')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>sonali</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drkhushbu')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drkhushbu</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drpriyanka')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drpriyanka</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drabhishek')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drabhishek</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drpoonam')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drpoonam</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drprachi')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drprachi</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drpeenal')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drpeenal</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neerajpune')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neerajpune</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('paridhipune')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>paridhipune</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('faeem')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>faeem</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('rahul')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>rahul</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('DrNeha')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>DrNeha</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drmrigendra')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drmrigendra</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('neetu')" rel="modal" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>neetu</span></a></li> <li> <a class="shortcut-button" href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="javascript:chatWith('drriteshpawar')" rel="modal" style=" background-color:#00FF00" ><span><img src="resources/images/icons/comment_48.png" alt="icon" width="48" height="48" /> <br/>drriteshpawar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/chat.js"></script>  <div class="clear"></div> <div class="clear"></div>

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Position:absolute

- by Andrew

I have I have a div called logo. I want the logo to be on top of other areas and to overlap into the the preface top of a drupal site, the logo currently sits in the header area. I looked up position absolute and I think that what I need to use but when I use position absolute the logo disappears, I can see it if I use position fixed, relative etc. I thought the logo was being hidden because I was not using a z-index but even with that I cant see the logo. What am I doing wrong? #logo { position: absolute; top: 30px; /* 30 pixels from the top of the page */ left: 80px; /* 80 pixels from the left hand side */ z-index:1099; border: 1px solid red; /* So we can see what is happening */ } Also does anyone know of a really good free online css course? Here is some additional information, namely the CSS and the page.tpl.php: <?php // $Id: page.tpl.php,v 1.1.2.5 2010/04/08 07:02:59 sociotech Exp $ ?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="<?php print $language->language; ?>" xml:lang="<?php print $language->language; ?>"> <head> <title><?php print $head_title; ?></title> <?php print $head; ?> <?php print $styles; ?> <?php print $setting_styles; ?>    <?php print $local_styles; ?> <?php print $scripts; ?> </head> <body id="<?php print $body_id; ?>" class="<?php print $body_classes; ?>"> <div id="page" class="page"> <div id="page-inner" class="page-inner"> <div id="skip"> <a href="#main-content-area"><?php print t('Skip to Main Content Area'); ?></a> </div>  <?php print theme('grid_row', $header_top, 'header-top', 'full-width', $grid_width); ?>  <div id="header-group-wrapper" class="header-group-wrapper full-width"> <div id="header-group" class="header-group row <?php print $grid_width; ?>"> <div id="header-group-inner" class="header-group-inner inner clearfix"> <?php print theme('grid_block', theme('links', $secondary_links), 'secondary-menu'); ?> <?php print theme('grid_block', $search_box, 'search-box'); ?> <?php if ($logo || $site_name || $site_slogan): ?> <div id="header-site-info" class="header-site-info block"> <div id="header-site-info-inner" class="header-site-info-inner inner"> <?php if ($logo): ?> <div id="logo"> <a href="<?php print check_url($front_page); ?>" title="<?php print t('Home'); ?>"><img src="<?php print $logo; ?>" alt="<?php print t('Home'); ?>" /></a> </div> <?php endif; ?> <?php if ($site_name || $site_slogan): ?> <div id="site-name-wrapper" class="clearfix"> <?php if ($site_name): ?> <span id="site-name"><a href="<?php print check_url($front_page); ?>" title="<?php print t('Home'); ?>"><?php print $site_name; ?></a></span> <?php endif; ?> <?php if ($site_slogan): ?> <span id="slogan"><?php print $site_slogan; ?></span> <?php endif; ?> </div> <?php endif; ?> </div> </div> <?php endif; ?> <?php print $header; ?> <?php print theme('grid_block', $primary_links_tree, 'primary-menu'); ?> </div> </div> </div>  <?php print theme('grid_row', $preface_top, 'preface-top', 'full-width', $grid_width); ?>  <div id="main-wrapper" class="main-wrapper full-width<?php if ($is_front) { print ' front'; } ?>"> <div id="main" class="main row <?php print $grid_width; ?>"> <div id="main-inner" class="main-inner inner clearfix"> <?php print theme('grid_row', $sidebar_first, 'sidebar-first', 'nested', $sidebar_first_width); ?>  <div id="main-group" class="main-group row nested <?php print $main_group_width; ?>"> <div id="main-group-inner" class="main-group-inner inner"> <?php print theme('grid_row', $preface_bottom, 'preface-bottom', 'nested'); ?> <div id="main-content" class="main-content row nested"> <div id="main-content-inner" class="main-content-inner inner">  <div id="content-group" class="content-group row nested <?php print $content_group_width; ?>"> <div id="content-group-inner" class="content-group-inner inner"> <?php print theme('grid_block', $breadcrumb, 'breadcrumbs'); ?> <?php if ($content_top || $help || $messages): ?> <div id="content-top" class="content-top row nested"> <div id="content-top-inner" class="content-top-inner inner"> <?php print theme('grid_block', $help, 'content-help'); ?> <?php print theme('grid_block', $messages, 'content-messages'); ?> <?php print $content_top; ?> </div> </div> <?php endif; ?> <div id="content-region" class="content-region row nested"> <div id="content-region-inner" class="content-region-inner inner"> <a name="main-content-area" id="main-content-area"></a> <?php print theme('grid_block', $tabs, 'content-tabs'); ?> <div id="content-inner" class="content-inner block"> <div id="content-inner-inner" class="content-inner-inner inner"> <?php if ($title): ?> <h1 class="title"><?php print $title; ?></h1> <?php endif; ?> <?php if ($content): ?> <div id="content-content" class="content-content"> <?php print $content; ?> <?php print $feed_icons; ?> </div> <?php endif; ?> </div> </div> </div> </div> <?php print theme('grid_row', $content_bottom, 'content-bottom', 'nested'); ?> </div> </div> <?php print theme('grid_row', $sidebar_last, 'sidebar-last', 'nested', $sidebar_last_width); ?> </div> </div> <?php print theme('grid_row', $postscript_top, 'postscript-top', 'nested'); ?> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <?php print theme('grid_row', $postscript_bottom, 'postscript-bottom', 'full-width', $grid_width); ?>  <?php print theme('grid_row', $footer, 'footer', 'full-width', $grid_width); ?>  <div id="footer-message-wrapper" class="footer-message-wrapper full-width"> <div id="footer-message" class="footer-message row <?php print $grid_width; ?>"> <div id="footer-message-inner" class="footer-message-inner inner clearfix"> <?php print theme('grid_block', $footer_message, 'footer-message-text'); ?> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <?php print $closure; ?> </body> </html> CSS /* $Id: style.css,v 1.1.2.11 2010/07/02 22:11:04 sociotech Exp $ */ /* Margin, Padding, Border Resets -------------------------------------------------------------- */ html, body, div, span, p, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, form, fieldset, input, textarea { margin: 0; padding: 0; } img, abbr, acronym { border: 0; } /* HTML Elements -------------------------------------------------------------- */ p { margin: 1em 0; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin: 0 0 0.5em 0; } h1 { color: white !important; text-shadow: black !important; } ul, ol, dd { margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; /* LTR */ } li ul, li ol { margin-bottom: 0; } ul { list-style-type: disc; } ol { list-style-type: decimal; } a { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; } a:link, a:visited { } a:hover, a:focus, a:active { text-decoration: underline; } blockquote { } hr { height: 1px; border: 1px solid gray; } /* tables */ table { border-spacing: 0; width: 100%; } tr.even td, tr.odd td { background-color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #dbdbdb; } caption { text-align: left; } th { margin: 0; padding: 0 10px 0 0; } th.active img { display: inline; } thead th { padding-right: 10px; } td { margin: 0; padding: 3px; } /* Remove grid block styles from Drupal's table ".block" class */ td.block { border: none; float: none; margin: 0; } /* Maintain light background/dark text on dragged table rows */ tr.drag td, tr.drag-previous td { background: #FFFFDD; color: #000; } /* Accessibility /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* skip-link to main content, hide offscreen */ #skip a, #skip a:hover, #skip a:visited { height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: -500px; width: 1px; } /* make skip link visible when selected */ #skip a:active, #skip a:focus { background-color: #fff; color: #000; height: auto; padding: 5px 10px; position: absolute; top: 0; width: auto; z-index: 99; } #skip a:hover { text-decoration: none; } /* Helper Classes /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ .hide { display: none; visibility: hidden; } .left { float: left; } .right { float: right; } .clear { clear: both; } /* clear floats after an element */ /* (also in ie6-fixes.css, ie7-fixes.css) */ .clearfix:after, .clearfix .inner:after { clear: both; content: "."; display: block; font-size: 0; height: 0; line-height: 0; overflow: auto; visibility: hidden; } /* Grid Layout Basics (specifics in 'gridnn_x.css') -------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* center page and full rows: override this for left-aligned page */ .page, .row { margin: 0 auto; } /* fix layout/background display on floated elements */ .row, .nested, .block { overflow: hidden; } /* full-width row wrapper */ div.full-width { width: 100%; } /* float, un-center & expand nested rows */ .nested { float: left; /* LTR */ margin: 0; width: 100%; } /* allow Superfish menus to overflow */ #sidebar-first.nested, #sidebar-last.nested, div.superfish { overflow: visible; } /* sidebar layouts */ .sidebars-both-first .content-group { float: right; /* LTR */ } .sidebars-both-last .sidebar-first { float: right; /* LTR */ } /* Grid Mask Overlay -------------------------------------------------------------- */ #grid-mask-overlay { display: none; left: 0; opacity: 0.75; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 997; } #grid-mask-overlay .row { margin: 0 auto; } #grid-mask-overlay .block .inner { background-color: #e3fffc; outline: none; } .grid-mask #grid-mask-overlay { display: block; } .grid-mask .block { overflow: visible; } .grid-mask .block .inner { outline: #f00 dashed 1px; } #grid-mask-toggle { background-color: #777; border: 2px outset #fff; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: normal; left: 0; -moz-border-radius: 5px; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 22px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; z-index: 998; } #grid-mask-toggle.grid-on { border-style: inset; font-weight: bold; } /* Site Info -------------------------------------------------------------- */ #header-site-info { width: auto; } #site-name-wrapper { float: left; /* LTR */ } #site-name, #slogan { display: block; } #site-name a:link, #site-name a:visited, #site-name a:hover, #site-name a:active { text-decoration: none; } #site-name a { outline: 0; } /* Regions -------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Header Regions -------------------------------------------------------------- */ #header-group { overflow: visible; } /* Content Regions (Main) -------------------------------------------------------------- */ .node-bottom { margin: 1.5em 0 0 0; } /* Clear floats on regions -------------------------------------------------------------- */ #header-top-wrapper, #header-group-wrapper, #preface-top-wrapper, #main-wrapper, #preface-bottom, #content-top, #content-region, #content-bottom, #postscript-top, #postscript-bottom-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer-message-wrapper { clear: both; } /* Drupal Core /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Lists /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ .item-list ul li { margin: 0; } .block ul, .block ol { margin-left: 2em; /* LTR */ padding: 0; } .content-inner ul, .content-inner ol { margin-bottom: 1.5em; } .content-inner li ul, .content-inner li ol { margin-bottom: 0; } .block ul.links { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } /* Menus /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ ul.menu li, ul.links li { margin: 0; padding: 0; } /* Primary Menu /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* use ID to override overflow: hidden for .block, dropdowns should always be visible */ #primary-menu { overflow: visible; } /* remove left margin from primary menu list */ #primary-menu.block ul { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } /* remove bullets, float left */ .primary-menu ul li { float: left; /* LTR */ list-style: none; position: relative; } /* style links, and unlinked parent items (via Special Menu Items module) */ .primary-menu ul li a, .primary-menu ul li .nolink { display: block; padding: 0.75em 1em; text-decoration: none; } /* Add cursor style for unlinked parent menu items */ .primary-menu ul li .nolink { cursor: default; } /* remove outline */ .primary-menu ul li:hover, .primary-menu ul li.sfHover, .primary-menu ul a:focus, .primary-menu ul a:hover, .primary-menu ul a:active { outline: 0; } /* Secondary Menu /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ .secondary-menu-inner ul.links { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } /* Skinr styles /-------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Skinr selectable helper classes */ .fusion-clear { clear: both; } div.fusion-right { float: right; /* LTR */ } div.fusion-center { float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .fusion-center-content .inner { text-align: center; } .fusion-center-content .inner ul.menu { display: inline-block; text-align: center; } /* required to override drupal core */ .fusion-center-content #user-login-form { text-align: center; } .fusion-right-content .inner { text-align: right; /* LTR */ } /* required to override drupal core */ .fusion-right-content #user-login-form { text-align: right; /* LTR */ } /* Large, bold callout text style */ .fusion-callout .inner { font-weight: bold; } /* Extra padding on block */ .fusion-padding .inner { padding: 30px; } /* Adds 1px border and padding */ .fusion-border .inner { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; padding: 10px; } /* Single line menu with separators */ .fusion-inline-menu .inner ul.menu { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } .fusion-inline-menu .inner ul.menu li { border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; display: inline; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap; } .fusion-inline-menu .inner ul.menu li a { padding: 0 8px 0 5px; /* LTR */ } .fusion-inline-menu .inner ul li.last { border: none; } /* Hide second level (and beyond) menu items */ .fusion-inline-menu .inner ul li.expanded ul { display: none; } /* Multi-column menu style with bolded top level menu items */ .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ text-align: left; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li { border-right: none; display: block; font-weight: bold; } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.last { border-right: none; } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.last a { padding-right: 0; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.expanded, .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.leaf { float: left; /* LTR */ list-style-image: none; margin-left: 50px; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul.menu li.first { margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.expanded li.leaf { float: none; margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.expanded ul { display: block; margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul li.expanded ul li { border: none; margin-left: 0; /* LTR */ text-align: left; /* LTR */ } .fusion-multicol-menu .inner ul.menu li ul.menu li { font-weight: normal; } /* Split list across multiple columns */ .fusion-2-col-list .inner .item-list ul li, .fusion-2-col-list .inner ul.menu li { float: left; /* LTR */ width: 50%; } .fusion-3-col-list .inner .item-list ul li, .fusion-3-col-list .inner ul.menu li { float: left; /* LTR */ width: 33%; } .fusion-2-col-list .inner .item-list ul.pager li, .fusion-3-col-list .inner .item-list ul.pager li { float: none; width: auto; } /* List with bottom border Fixes a common issue when list items have bottom borders and appear to be doubled when nested lists end and begin. This removes the extra border-bottom */ .fusion-list-bottom-border .inner ul li { list-style: none; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; } .fusion-list-bottom-border .inner ul li, .fusion-list-bottom-border .view-content div.views-row { padding: 0 0 0 10px; /* LTR */ border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; line-height: 216.7%; /* 26px */ } .fusion-list-bottom-border .inner ul { margin: 0; } .fusion-list-bottom-border .inner ul li ul { border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; } .fusion-list-bottom-border .inner ul li ul li.last { border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -1px; } #views_slideshow_singleframe_pager_slideshow-page_2 .pager-item { display:block; } #views_slideshow_singleframe_pager_slideshow-page_2 { position:absolute; right:0; top:0; } #header-group-wrapper { background: none; } #page { background-color:#F3F3F3; background-image:url('/sites/all/themes/fusion/fusion_core/images/runswithgradient.jpg'); background-repeat:no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; width: auto; } #views_slideshow_singleframe_pager_slideshow-page_2 div a img { top:0px; height:60px; width:80px; padding-right:10px; padding-bottom:19px; } #mycontent{ width: 720px; } .product-body { -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px; margin: 0 0 20px; overflow: hidden; padding: 20px; background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F7F7F7; border: 1px solid #000000; border-style:solid; border-width:thin; color:#000000; } #product-details { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #F7F7F7 !important; border: 1px solid #000000 !important; color: #8E8E8E; } #logo { position: relative; top: 30px; /* 30 pixels from the top of the page */ left: 80px; /* 80 pixels from the left hand side */ z-index:1099; border: 1px solid red; /* So we can see what is happening */ } #breadcrumbs-inner { background: none; border-color: transparent; border-style: none; } #block-views-new_products-block_1{ height:200px; } /* List with no bullet and extra padding This is a common style for menus, which removes the bullet and adds more vertical padding for a simple list style */ .fusion-list-vertical-spacing .inner ul, .fusion-list-vertical-spacing div.views-row-first { margin-left: 0; margin-top: 10px; } .fusion-list-vertical-spacing .inner ul li, .fusion-list-vertical-spacing div.views-row { line-height: 133.3%; /* 16px/12px */ margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0; } .fusion-list-vertical-spacing .inner ul li { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; } .fusion-list-vertical-spacing .inner ul li ul { margin-left: 10px; /* LTR */ } /* Bold all links */ .fusion-bold-links .inner a { font-weight: bold; } /* Float imagefield images left and add margin */ .fusion-float-imagefield-left .field-type-filefield, .fusion-float-imagefield-left .image-insert, .fusion-float-imagefield-left .imagecache { float: left; /* LTR */ margin: 0 15px 15px 0; /* LTR */ } /* Clear float on new Views item so each row drops to a new line */ .fusion-float-imagefield-left .views-row { clear: left; /* LTR */ } /* Float imagefield images right and add margin */ .fusion-float-imagefield-right .field-type-filefield, .fusion-float-imagefield-right .image-insert .fusion-float-imagefield-right .imagecache { float: right; /* LTR */ margin: 0 0 15px 15px; /* LTR */ } /* Clear float on new Views item so each row drops to a new line */ .fusion-float-imagefield-right .views-row { clear: right; /* LTR */ } /* Superfish: all menus */ .sf-menu li { list-style: none; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; } /* Superfish: vertical menus */ .superfish-vertical { position: relative; z-index: 9; } ul.sf-vertical { background: #fafafa; margin: 0; width: 100%; } ul.sf-vertical li { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; font-weight: bold; line-height: 200%; /* 24px */ padding: 0; width: 100%; } ul.sf-vertical li a:link, ul.sf-vertical li a:visited, ul.sf-vertical li .nolink { margin-left: 10px; padding: 2px; } ul.sf-vertical li a:hover, ul.sf-vertical li a.active { text-decoration: underline; } ul.sf-vertical li ul { background: #fafafa; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; margin-left: 0; width: 150px; } ul.sf-vertical li ul li.last { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; margin-bottom: -1px; margin-top: -1px; } ul.sf-vertical li ul { border-top: none; padding: 4px 0; } ul.sf-vertical li ul li { border-bottom: none; line-height: 150%; /* 24px */ More below but I can't paste that much Thanks for the suggestion I've tried this #header-group { position: relative; z-index: 9; } #logo { position: abosolute; top: 230px; /* 30 pixels from the top of the page */ left: 10px; /* 80 pixels from the left hand side */ z-index: 999; } but it's not working. I've taken a screen shot of the div to show the structure. http://i.stack.imgur.com/ff4DP.png

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socket operation on nonsocket or bad file descriptor

- by Magn3s1um

I'm writing a pthread server which takes requests from clients and sends them back a bunch of .ppm files. Everything seems to go well, but sometimes when I have just 1 client connected, when trying to read from the file descriptor (for the file), it says Bad file Descriptor. This doesn't make sense, since my int fd isn't -1, and the file most certainly exists. Other times, I get this "Socket operation on nonsocket" error. This is weird because other times, it doesn't give me this error and everything works fine. When trying to connect multiple clients, for some reason, it will only send correctly to one, and then the other client gets the bad file descriptor or "nonsocket" error, even though both threads are processing the same messages and do the same routines. Anyone have an idea why? Here's the code that is giving me that error: while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); The messages for both threads are the same, being of the form ./path/imageXX.ppm where XX is the number that should go to the client. The file size of each image is 58368 bytes. Sometimes, this code hangs on the read, and stops execution. I don't know this would be either, because the file descriptor comes back as valid. Thanks in advanced. Edit: Here's some sample output: Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw90.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw91.ppm This is fd 4 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket Sending ./support/images/sw92.ppm This is fd 4 I am hhere2 Error: : Socket operation on non-socket My dispatcher has defeated evil Sample with 2 clients (client b was serviced first) Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw87.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw88.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success Sending to client b: ./support/images/sw89.ppm This is fd 6 Error: : Success This is fd 6 Error: : Bad file descriptor Sending to client a: ./support/images/sw85.ppm This is fd 6 Error: As you can see, who ever is serviced first in this instance can open the files, but not the 2nd person. Edit2: Full code. Sorry, its pretty long and terribly formatted. #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include "ring.h" /* Version 1 Here is what is implemented so far: The threads are created from the arguments specified (number of threads that is) The server will lock and update variables based on how many clients are in the system and such. The socket that is opened when a new client connects, must be passed to the threads. To do this, we need some sort of global array. I did this by specifying an int client and main_pool_busy, and two pointers poolsockets and nonpoolsockets. My thinking on this was that when a new client enters the system, the server thread increments the variable client. When a thread is finished with this client (after it sends it the data), the thread will decrement client and close the socket. HTTP servers act this way sometimes (they terminate the socket as soon as one transmission is sent). *Note down at bottom After the server portion increments the client counter, we must open up a new socket (denoted by new_sd) and get this value to the appropriate thread. To do this, I created global array poolsockets, which will hold all the socket descriptors for our pooled threads. The server portion gets the new socket descriptor, and places the value in the first spot of the array that has a 0. We only place a value in this array IF: 1. The variable main_pool_busy < worknum (If we have more clients in the system than in our pool, it doesn't mean we should always create a new thread. At the end of this, the server signals on the condition variable clientin that a new client has arrived. In our pooled thread, we then must walk this array and check the array until we hit our first non-zero value. This is the socket we will give to that thread. The thread then changes the array to have a zero here. What if our all threads in our pool our busy? If this is the case, then we will know it because our threads in this pool will increment main_pool_busy by one when they are working on a request and decrement it when they are done. If main_pool_busy >= worknum, then we must dynamically create a new thread. Then, we must realloc the size of our nonpoolsockets array by 1 int. We then add the new socket descriptor to our pool. Here's what we need to figure out: NOTE* Each worker should generate 100 messages which specify the worker thread ID, client socket descriptor and a copy of the client message. Additionally, each message should include a message number, starting from 0 and incrementing for each subsequent message sent to the same client. I don't know how to keep track of how many messages were to the same client. Maybe we shouldn't close the socket descriptor, but rather keep an array of structs for each socket that includes how many messages they have been sent. Then, the server adds the struct, the threads remove it, then the threads add it back once they've serviced one request (unless the count is 100). ------------------------------------------------------------- CHANGES Version 1 ---------- NONE: this is the first version. */ #define MAXSLOTS 30 #define dis_m 15 //problems with dis_m ==1 //Function prototypes void inc_clients(); void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t*, pthread_t*); void *threadpool(void *); void server(int); void add_to_socket_pool(int); void inc_busy(); void dec_busy(); void *dispatcher(); void create_message(long, int, int, char *, char *); void init_ring(); void add_to_ring(char *, char *, int, int, int); int socket_from_string(char *); void add_to_head(char *); void add_to_tail(char *); struct message * reorder(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_threadid(char *); void delete_socket_messages(int); struct message * merge(struct message *, struct message *, int); int get_request(char *, char *, char*); ///////////////////// //Global mutexes and condition variables pthread_mutex_t startservice; pthread_mutex_t numclients; pthread_mutex_t pool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t nonpool_sockets; pthread_mutex_t m_pool_busy; pthread_mutex_t slots; pthread_mutex_t numm; pthread_mutex_t circ; pthread_cond_t clientin; pthread_cond_t m; /////////////////////////////////////// //Global variables int clients; int main_pool_busy; int * poolsockets, nonpoolsockets; int worknum; struct ring mqueue; /////////////////////////////////////// int main(int argc, char ** argv){ //error handling if not enough arguments to program if(argc != 3){ printf("Not enough arguments to server: ./server portnum NumThreadsinPool\n"); _exit(-1); } //Convert arguments from strings to integer values int port = atoi(argv[1]); worknum = atoi(argv[2]); //Start server portion server(port); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //The listen server thread///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void server(int port){ int sd, new_sd; struct sockaddr_in name, cli_name; int sock_opt_val = 1; int cli_len; pthread_t threads[worknum]; //create our pthread id array pthread_t dis[1]; //create our dispatcher array (necessary to create thread) init_mutex_stuff(threads, dis); //initialize mutexes and stuff //Server setup /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if ((sd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("(servConn): socket() error"); _exit (-1); } if (setsockopt (sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &sock_opt_val, sizeof(sock_opt_val)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): Failed to set SO_REUSEADDR on INET socket"); _exit (-1); } name.sin_family = AF_INET; name.sin_port = htons (port); name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind (sd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0) { perror ("(servConn): bind() error"); _exit (-1); } listen (sd, 5); //End of server Setup ////////////////////////////////////////////////// for (;;) { cli_len = sizeof (cli_name); new_sd = accept (sd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_name, &cli_len); printf ("Assigning new socket descriptor: %d\n", new_sd); inc_clients(); //New client has come in, increment clients add_to_socket_pool(new_sd); //Add client to the pool of sockets if (new_sd < 0) { perror ("(servConn): accept() error"); _exit (-1); } } pthread_exit(NULL); //Quit } //Adds the new socket to the array designated for pthreads in the pool void add_to_socket_pool(int socket){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); //Lock so that we can check main_pool_busy int i; //If not all our main pool is busy, then allocate to one of them if(main_pool_busy < worknum){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); //unlock busy, we no longer need to hold it pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the socket pool array so that we can edit it without worry for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ //Find a poolsocket that is -1; then we should put the real socket there. This value will be changed back to -1 when the thread grabs the sockfd if(poolsockets[i] == -1){ poolsockets[i] = socket; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); //unlock our pool array, we don't need it anymore inc_busy(); //Incrememnt busy (locks the mutex itself) pthread_cond_signal(&clientin); //Signal first thread waiting on a client that a client needs to be serviced break; } } } else{ //Dynamic thread creation goes here pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } } //Increments the client number. If client number goes over worknum, we must dynamically create new pthreads void inc_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //Increments busy void inc_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } //Initialize all of our mutexes at the beginning and create our pthreads void init_mutex_stuff(pthread_t * threads, pthread_t * dis){ pthread_mutex_init(&startservice, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&numclients, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&pool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&nonpool_sockets, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&m_pool_busy, NULL); pthread_mutex_init(&circ, NULL); pthread_cond_init (&clientin, NULL); main_pool_busy = 0; poolsockets = malloc(sizeof(int)*worknum); int threadreturn; //error checking variables long i = 0; //Loop and create pthreads for(i; i < worknum; i++){ threadreturn = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, threadpool, (void *) i); poolsockets[i] = -1; if(threadreturn){ perror("Thread pool created unsuccessfully"); _exit(-1); } } pthread_create(&dis[0], NULL, dispatcher, NULL); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////Main pool routines ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void dec_busy(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_pool_busy); main_pool_busy--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_pool_busy); } void dec_clients(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&numclients); clients--; pthread_mutex_unlock(&numclients); } //This is what our threadpool pthreads will be running. void *threadpool(void * threadid){ long id = (long) threadid; //Id of this thread int i; int socket; int counter = 0; //Try and gain access to the next client that comes in and wait until server signals that a client as arrived while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&startservice); //lock start service (required for cond wait) pthread_cond_wait(&clientin, &startservice); //wait for signal from server that client exists pthread_mutex_unlock(&startservice); //unlock mutex. pthread_mutex_lock(&pool_sockets); //Lock the pool socket so we can get the socket fd unhindered/interrupted for(i = 0; i < worknum; i++){ if(poolsockets[i] != -1){ socket = poolsockets[i]; poolsockets[i] = -1; pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool_sockets); } } printf("Thread #%d is past getting the socket\n", id); int incoming = 1; while(counter < 100 && incoming != 0){ char buffer[512]; bzero(buffer,512); int startcounter = 0; incoming = read(socket, buffer, 512); if(buffer[0] != 0){ //client ID:priority:request:arguments char id[100]; long prior; char request[100]; char arg1[100]; char message[100]; char arg2[100]; char * point; point = strtok(buffer, ":"); strcpy(id, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); prior = atoi(point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(request, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); strcpy(arg1, point); point = strtok(NULL, ":"); if(point != NULL){ strcpy(arg2, point); } int fd; if(strcmp(request, "start_movie") == 0){ int count = 1; while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 50, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s to %s\n", message, id); count++; add_to_ring(message, id, prior, counter, socket); //Adds our created message to the ring counter++; } printf("I'm out of the loop\n"); } else if(strcmp(request, "seek_movie") == 0){ int count = atoi(arg2); while(count <= 100){ char temp[10]; snprintf(temp, 10, "%d\0", count); strcpy(message, "./support/images/"); strcat(message, arg1); strcat(message, temp); strcat(message, ".ppm"); printf("This is message %s\n", message); count++; } } //create_message(id, socket, counter, buffer, message); //Creates our message from the input from the client. Stores it in buffer } else{ delete_socket_messages(socket); break; } } counter = 0; close(socket);//Zero out counter again } dec_clients(); //client serviced, decrement clients dec_busy(); //thread finished, decrement busy } //Creates a message void create_message(long threadid, int socket, int counter, char * buffer, char * message){ snprintf(message, strlen(buffer)+15, "%d:%d:%d:%s", threadid, socket, counter, buffer); } //Gets the socket from the message string (maybe I should just pass in the socket to another method) int socket_from_string(char * message){ char * substr1 = strstr(message, ":"); char * substr2 = substr1; substr2++; int occurance = strcspn(substr2, ":"); char sock[10]; strncpy(sock, substr2, occurance); return atoi(sock); } //Adds message to our ring buffer's head void add_to_head(char * message){ printf("Adding to head of ring\n"); mqueue.head->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //Allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.head->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space } //Adds our message to our ring buffer's tail void add_to_tail(char * message){ printf("Adding to tail of ring\n"); mqueue.tail->message = malloc(strlen(message)+1); //allocate space for message strcpy(mqueue.tail->message, message); //copy bytes into allocated space mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); //allocate space for the next message struct } //Adds a message to our ring void add_to_ring(char * message, char * id, int prior, int mnum, int socket){ //printf("This is message %s:" , message); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); //Lock the ring buffer pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); //Lock the message count (will need this to make sure we can't fill the buffer over the max slots) if(mqueue.head->message == NULL){ add_to_head(message); //Adds it to head mqueue.head->socket = socket; //Set message socket mqueue.head->priority = prior; //Set its priority (thread id) mqueue.head->mnum = mnum; //Set its message number (used for sorting) mqueue.head->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.head->id, id); } else if(mqueue.tail->message == NULL){ //This is the problem for dis_m 1 I'm pretty sure add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } else{ mqueue.tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.tail->next; add_to_tail(message); mqueue.tail->socket = socket; mqueue.tail->priority = prior; mqueue.tail->mnum = mnum; mqueue.tail->id = malloc(sizeof(id)); strcpy(mqueue.tail->id, id); } mqueue.mcount++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); if(mqueue.mcount >= dis_m){ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_cond_signal(&m); } else{ pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); } printf("out of add to ring\n"); fflush(stdout); } ////////////////////////////////// //Dispatcher routines ///////////////////////////////// void *dispatcher(){ init_ring(); while(1){ pthread_mutex_lock(&slots); pthread_cond_wait(&m, &slots); pthread_mutex_lock(&numm); pthread_mutex_lock(&circ); printf("Dispatcher to the rescue!\n"); mqueue.head = reorder(mqueue.head, mqueue.tail, mqueue.mcount); //printf("This is the head %s\n", mqueue.head->message); //printf("This is the tail %s\n", mqueue.head->message); fflush(stdout); struct message * pointer = mqueue.head; int count = 0; while(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail && count < dis_m){ printf("Sending to client %s: %s\n", pointer->id, pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); fflush(stdout); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pointer = mqueue.head; count++; } printf("Sending %s\n", pointer->message); int fd; fd = open(pointer->message, O_RDONLY); printf("This is fd %d\n", fd); printf("I am hhere2\n"); char buf[58368]; int bytesRead; bytesRead=read(fd,buf,58368); send(pointer->socket,buf,bytesRead,0); perror("Error:\n"); close(fd); mqueue.mcount--; if(mqueue.head != mqueue.tail){ mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; } else{ mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.head->message = NULL; } free(pointer->message); free(pointer); pthread_mutex_unlock(&numm); pthread_mutex_unlock(&circ); pthread_mutex_unlock(&slots); printf("My dispatcher has defeated evil\n"); } } void init_ring(){ mqueue.head = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.head->next = malloc(sizeof(struct message)); mqueue.tail = mqueue.head->next; mqueue.mcount = 0; } struct message * reorder(struct message * begin, struct message * end, int num){ //printf("I am reordering for size %d\n", num); fflush(stdout); int i; if(num == 1){ //printf("Begin: %s\n", begin->message); begin->next = NULL; return begin; } else{ struct message * left = begin; struct message * right; int middle = num/2; for(i = 1; i < middle; i++){ left = left->next; } right = left -> next; left -> next = NULL; //printf("Begin: %s\nLeft: %s\nright: %s\nend:%s\n", begin->message, left->message, right->message, end->message); left = reorder(begin, left, middle); if(num%2 != 0){ right = reorder(right, end, middle+1); } else{ right = reorder(right, end, middle); } return merge(left, right, num); } } struct message * merge(struct message * left, struct message * right, int num){ //printf("I am merginging! left: %s %d, right: %s %dnum: %d\n", left->message,left->priority, right->message, right->priority, num); struct message * start, * point; int lenL= 0; int lenR = 0; int flagL = 0; int flagR = 0; int count = 0; int middle1 = num/2; int middle2; if(num%2 != 0){ middle2 = middle1+1; } else{ middle2 = middle1; } while(lenL < middle1 && lenR < middle2){ count++; //printf("In here for count %d\n", count); if(lenL == 0 && lenR == 0){ if(left->priority < right->priority){ start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ ////printf("This is where we are\n"); start = left; //Set the start point point = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ start = right; point = right; right = right->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } else{ if(left->priority < right->priority){ point->next = left; left = left->next; //move the left pointer point = point->next; point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else if(left->priority > right->priority){ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } else{ if(left->mnum < right->mnum){ point->next = left; //set our enum; left = left->next; point = point->next;//move the left pointer point->next = NULL; //Set the next node to NULL lenL++; } else{ point->next = right; right = right->next; point = point->next; point->next = NULL; lenR++; } } } if(lenL == middle1){ flagL = 1; break; } if(lenR == middle2){ flagR = 1; break; } } if(flagL == 1){ point->next = right; point = point->next; for(lenR; lenR< middle2-1; lenR++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } else{ point->next = left; point = point->next; for(lenL; lenL< middle1-1; lenL++){ point = point->next; } point->next = NULL; mqueue.tail = point; } //printf("This is the start %s\n", start->message); //printf("This is mqueue.tail %s\n", mqueue.tail->message); return start; } void delete_socket_messages(int a){ }

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Steganography Experiment - Trouble hiding message bits in DCT coefficients

- by JohnHankinson

I have an application requiring me to be able to embed loss-less data into an image. As such I've been experimenting with steganography, specifically via modification of DCT coefficients as the method I select, apart from being loss-less must also be relatively resilient against format conversion, scaling/DSP etc. From the research I've done thus far this method seems to be the best candidate. I've seen a number of papers on the subject which all seem to neglect specific details (some neglect to mention modification of 0 coefficients, or modification of AC coefficient etc). After combining the findings and making a few modifications of my own which include: 1) Using a more quantized version of the DCT matrix to ensure we only modify coefficients that would still be present should the image be JPEG'ed further or processed (I'm using this in place of simply following a zig-zag pattern). 2) I'm modifying bit 4 instead of the LSB and then based on what the original bit value was adjusting the lower bits to minimize the difference. 3) I'm only modifying the blue channel as it should be the least visible. This process must modify the actual image and not the DCT values stored in file (like jsteg) as there is no guarantee the file will be a JPEG, it may also be opened and re-saved at a later stage in a different format. For added robustness I've included the message multiple times and use the bits that occur most often, I had considered using a QR code as the message data or simply applying the reed-solomon error correction, but for this simple application and given that the "message" in question is usually going to be between 10-32 bytes I have plenty of room to repeat it which should provide sufficient redundancy to recover the true bits. No matter what I do I don't seem to be able to recover the bits at the decode stage. I've tried including / excluding various checks (even if it degrades image quality for the time being). I've tried using fixed point vs. double arithmetic, moving the bit to encode, I suspect that the message bits are being lost during the IDCT back to image. Any thoughts or suggestions on how to get this working would be hugely appreciated. (PS I am aware that the actual DCT/IDCT could be optimized from it's naive On4 operation using row column algorithm, or an FDCT like AAN, but for now it just needs to work :) ) Reference Papers: http://www.lokminglui.com/dct.pdf http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1006/1006.1186.pdf Code for the Encode/Decode process in C# below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Drawing; namespace ImageKey { public class Encoder { public const int HIDE_BIT_POS = 3; // use bit position 4 (1 << 3). public const int HIDE_COUNT = 16; // Number of times to repeat the message to avoid error. // JPEG Standard Quantization Matrix. // (to get higher quality multiply by (100-quality)/50 .. // for lower than 50 multiply by 50/quality. Then round to integers and clip to ensure only positive integers. public static double[] Q = {16,11,10,16,24,40,51,61, 12,12,14,19,26,58,60,55, 14,13,16,24,40,57,69,56, 14,17,22,29,51,87,80,62, 18,22,37,56,68,109,103,77, 24,35,55,64,81,104,113,92, 49,64,78,87,103,121,120,101, 72,92,95,98,112,100,103,99}; // Maximum qauality quantization matrix (if all 1's doesn't modify coefficients at all). public static double[] Q2 = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}; public static Bitmap Encode(Bitmap b, string key) { Bitmap response = new Bitmap(b.Width, b.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); uint imgWidth = ((uint)b.Width) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable X resolution (divisible by 8). uint imgHeight = ((uint)b.Height) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable Y resolution (divisible by 8). // Start be transferring the unmodified image portions. // As we'll be using slightly less width/height for the encoding process we'll need the edges to be populated. for (int y = 0; y < b.Height; y++) for (int x = 0; x < b.Width; x++) { if( (x >= imgWidth && x < b.Width) || (y>=imgHeight && y < b.Height)) response.SetPixel(x, y, b.GetPixel(x, y)); } // Setup the counters and byte data for the message to encode. StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i=0;i<HIDE_COUNT;i++) sb.Append(key); byte[] codeBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sb.ToString()); int bitofs = 0; // Current bit position we've encoded too. int totalBits = (codeBytes.Length * 8); // Total number of bits to encode. for (int y = 0; y < imgHeight; y += 8) { for (int x = 0; x < imgWidth; x += 8) { int[] redData = GetRedChannelData(b, x, y); int[] greenData = GetGreenChannelData(b, x, y); int[] blueData = GetBlueChannelData(b, x, y); int[] newRedData; int[] newGreenData; int[] newBlueData; if (bitofs < totalBits) { double[] redDCT = DCT(ref redData); double[] greenDCT = DCT(ref greenData); double[] blueDCT = DCT(ref blueData); int[] redDCTI = Quantize(ref redDCT, ref Q2); int[] greenDCTI = Quantize(ref greenDCT, ref Q2); int[] blueDCTI = Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Q2); int[] blueDCTC = Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Q); HideBits(ref blueDCTI, ref blueDCTC, ref bitofs, ref totalBits, ref codeBytes); double[] redDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref redDCTI, ref Q2); double[] greenDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref greenDCTI, ref Q2); double[] blueDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref blueDCTI, ref Q2); newRedData = IDCT(ref redDCT2); newGreenData = IDCT(ref greenDCT2); newBlueData = IDCT(ref blueDCT2); } else { newRedData = redData; newGreenData = greenData; newBlueData = blueData; } MapToRGBRange(ref newRedData); MapToRGBRange(ref newGreenData); MapToRGBRange(ref newBlueData); for(int dy=0;dy<8;dy++) { for(int dx=0;dx<8;dx++) { int col = (0xff<<24) + (newRedData[dx+(dy*8)]<<16) + (newGreenData[dx+(dy*8)]<<8) + (newBlueData[dx+(dy*8)]); response.SetPixel(x+dx,y+dy,Color.FromArgb(col)); } } } } if (bitofs < totalBits) throw new Exception("Failed to encode data - insufficient cover image coefficients"); return (response); } public static void HideBits(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref int[] CMatrix, ref int bitofs, ref int totalBits, ref byte[] codeBytes) { int tempValue = 0; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { if ( (u != 0 || v != 0) && CMatrix[v+(u*8)] != 0 && DCTMatrix[v+(u*8)] != 0) { if (bitofs < totalBits) { tempValue = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)]; int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); byte value = (byte)((codeBytes[bytePos] & mask) >> bitPos); // 0 or 1. if (value == 0) { int a = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); if (a != 0) DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] |= (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS) - 1; DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] &= ~(1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); } else if (value == 1) { int a = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); if (a == 0) DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] &= ~((1 << HIDE_BIT_POS) - 1); DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] |= (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); } if (DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0) bitofs++; else DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] = tempValue; } } } } } public static void MapToRGBRange(ref int[] data) { for(int i=0;i<data.Length;i++) { data[i] += 128; if(data[i] < 0) data[i] = 0; else if(data[i] > 255) data[i] = 255; } } public static int[] GetRedChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x,y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 16) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] GetGreenChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x, y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 8) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] GetBlueChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x, y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 0) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] Quantize(ref double[] DCTMatrix, ref double[] Q) { int[] DCTMatrixOut = new int[8*8]; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { DCTMatrixOut[v + (u * 8)] = (int)Math.Round(DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] / Q[v + (u * 8)]); } } return(DCTMatrixOut); } public static double[] DeQuantize(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref double[] Q) { double[] DCTMatrixOut = new double[8*8]; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { DCTMatrixOut[v + (u * 8)] = (double)DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] * Q[v + (u * 8)]; } } return(DCTMatrixOut); } public static double[] DCT(ref int[] data) { double[] DCTMatrix = new double[8 * 8]; for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { double cu = 1; if (u == 0) cu = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double cv = 1; if (v == 0) cv = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double sum = 0.0; for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { double s = data[x + (y * 8)]; double dctVal = Math.Cos((2 * y + 1) * v * Math.PI / 16) * Math.Cos((2 * x + 1) * u * Math.PI / 16); sum += s * dctVal; } } DCTMatrix[u + (v * 8)] = (0.25 * cu * cv * sum); } } return (DCTMatrix); } public static int[] IDCT(ref double[] DCTMatrix) { int[] Matrix = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { double sum = 0; for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { double cu = 1; if (u == 0) cu = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double cv = 1; if (v == 0) cv = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double idctVal = (cu * cv) / 4.0 * Math.Cos((2 * y + 1) * v * Math.PI / 16) * Math.Cos((2 * x + 1) * u * Math.PI / 16); sum += (DCTMatrix[u + (v * 8)] * idctVal); } } Matrix[x + (y * 8)] = (int)Math.Round(sum); } } return (Matrix); } } public class Decoder { public static string Decode(Bitmap b, int expectedLength) { expectedLength *= Encoder.HIDE_COUNT; uint imgWidth = ((uint)b.Width) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable X resolution (divisible by 8). uint imgHeight = ((uint)b.Height) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable Y resolution (divisible by 8). // Setup the counters and byte data for the message to decode. byte[] codeBytes = new byte[expectedLength]; byte[] outBytes = new byte[expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT]; int bitofs = 0; // Current bit position we've decoded too. int totalBits = (codeBytes.Length * 8); // Total number of bits to decode. for (int y = 0; y < imgHeight; y += 8) { for (int x = 0; x < imgWidth; x += 8) { int[] blueData = ImageKey.Encoder.GetBlueChannelData(b, x, y); double[] blueDCT = ImageKey.Encoder.DCT(ref blueData); int[] blueDCTI = ImageKey.Encoder.Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Encoder.Q2); int[] blueDCTC = ImageKey.Encoder.Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Encoder.Q); if (bitofs < totalBits) GetBits(ref blueDCTI, ref blueDCTC, ref bitofs, ref totalBits, ref codeBytes); } } bitofs = 0; for (int i = 0; i < (expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT) * 8; i++) { int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); List<int> values = new List<int>(); int zeroCount = 0; int oneCount = 0; for (int j = 0; j < Encoder.HIDE_COUNT; j++) { int val = (codeBytes[bytePos + ((expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT) * j)] & mask) >> bitPos; values.Add(val); if (val == 0) zeroCount++; else oneCount++; } if (oneCount >= zeroCount) outBytes[bytePos] |= mask; bitofs++; values.Clear(); } return (System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(outBytes)); } public static void GetBits(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref int[] CMatrix, ref int bitofs, ref int totalBits, ref byte[] codeBytes) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { if ((u != 0 || v != 0) && CMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0 && DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0) { if (bitofs < totalBits) { int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); int value = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << Encoder.HIDE_BIT_POS); if (value != 0) codeBytes[bytePos] |= mask; bitofs++; } } } } } } } UPDATE: By switching to using a QR Code as the source message and swapping a pair of coefficients in each block instead of bit manipulation I've been able to get the message to survive the transform. However to get the message to come through without corruption I have to adjust both coefficients as well as swap them. For example swapping (3,4) and (4,3) in the DCT matrix and then respectively adding 8 and subtracting 8 as an arbitrary constant seems to work. This survives a re-JPEG'ing of 96 but any form of scaling/cropping destroys the message again. I was hoping that by operating on mid to low frequency values that the message would be preserved even under some light image manipulation.

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Twitter Bootstrap styling conflicts with plug-ins like jqGrid and other third part libraries

- by Renso

Issues:The concern is that the Twitter Bootstrap framework is that some of their css selectors are simply too generic and have incompatibility issues and conflicts with most third party plug-ins and css libraries, like jQuery-UI and jqGrid.My most pressing concern is only with the generic selector for the styling of "INPUT" controls.Some concerns:So basically anyone using BS (Bootstrap) will have to override styling 100% of the time on all input controls on all their web pages for all the plug-ins they use that render their own styling for input controls. This seems to chisel away any reason for using Bootstrap. Overriding Bootstrap css in this case seems illogical at best as it implies the BS styling is not correct or as granular as it is supposed to be. It also suggests you realize there is an issue here. Any person who has written a fair amount of css will realize that it is a mammoth task to to take an existing app, converting it to BS and then having to find all non-BS input controls and styling them all. The worst part is that there is no generic styling for this as each input control has a different source/context, some are regular tags and some belong to plug-ins, each with their own flavor of styling. For new web apps the challenge is not that different, each time you add a new plug-in you will have to test all facets of it, and I mean all of it, pop-ups, etc, that contain any kind of input control to make sure it is styled correctly. I am having a hard time seeing the benefits of BS in this context. So until the BS team addresses the issue, or not, you may be wondering what is the easiest solution.Help the community to drive this issue home by creating a new issue on github, see my entry here: https://github.com/twitter/bootstrap/issues/4008. As you can see I got some good and some negative feedback, but we all agree it is an issue. I do believe my solution below should be reverse compatible if the proper class declarations were followed as recommended by Bootstrap.The solution:Add a higher-level qualifier to the input selector, which may not break anything. Add "control-group" and "controls" classes as higher-level selectors, as they have to be declared inside those classes anyway as far as I understand the design approach of BS. So in my example below can modify the css without possible breaking anything, see the css at the bottom. I tested this briefly and seems to render just as expected. May not be complete as I only spent a few minutes on the css. Your feedback will be greatly appreciated. <div class="control-group"> <label title="" for="Contact_FirstName" class="control-label">First Name</label> <div class="controls"> <input type="text" value="" name="Contact.FirstName" id="Contact_FirstName" data-val-required="The Reader Contact&#39;s First Name is required" data-val-length-min="2" data-val-length-max="250" data-val-length="The maximum length allowed for the Reader Contact&#39;s First Name is 250 characters and must be two or more characters long" data-val="true" class="input-medium"> <span data-valmsg-replace="true" data-valmsg-for="Contact.FirstName" class="field-validation-valid"></span> </div></div>Here are the SCSS (SASS) updates. In stead of just including the updates I decided to include the entire bootstrap SCSS file so you can just copy-and-paste it in stead of trying to figure out what selectors have changed./*! * Bootstrap v2.0.4 * Enhacement by Renso Hollhumer * Copyright 2012 Twitter, Inc * Licensed under the Apache License v2.0 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Designed and built with all the love in the world @twitter by @mdo and @fat. * Enhancement by Renso Hollhumer: To isolate styling of INPUT tags to the Bootstrap context only */.clearfix { *zoom: 1;}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after { display: table; content: "";}.clearfix:after { clear: both;}.hide-text { font: 0/0 a; color: transparent; text-shadow: none; background-color: transparent; border: 0;}.input-block-level { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,nav,section { display: block;}audio,canvas,video { display: inline-block; *display: inline; *zoom: 1;}audio:not([controls]) { display: none;}html { font-size: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;}a:focus { outline: thin dotted #333; outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color; outline-offset: -2px;}a:hover,a:active { outline: 0;}sub,sup { position: relative; font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline;}sup { top: -0.5em;}sub { bottom: -0.25em;}img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0; -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;}#map_canvas img { max-width: none;}button,input,select,textarea { margin: 0; font-size: 100%; vertical-align: middle;}button,input { *overflow: visible; line-height: normal;}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner { padding: 0; border: 0;}button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"] { cursor: pointer; -webkit-appearance: button;}input[type="search"] { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box; -webkit-appearance: textfield;}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button { -webkit-appearance: none;}textarea { overflow: auto; vertical-align: top;}body { margin: 0; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;}a { color: #0088cc; text-decoration: none;}a:hover { color: #005580; text-decoration: underline;}.row { margin-left: -20px; *zoom: 1;}.row:before,.row:after { display: table; content: "";}.row:after { clear: both;}[class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 20px;}.container,.navbar-fixed-top .container,.navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 940px;}.span12 { width: 940px;}.span11 { width: 860px;}.span10 { width: 780px;}.span9 { width: 700px;}.span8 { width: 620px;}.span7 { width: 540px;}.span6 { width: 460px;}.span5 { width: 380px;}.span4 { width: 300px;}.span3 { width: 220px;}.span2 { width: 140px;}.span1 { width: 60px;}.offset12 { margin-left: 980px;}.offset11 { margin-left: 900px;}.offset10 { margin-left: 820px;}.offset9 { margin-left: 740px;}.offset8 { margin-left: 660px;}.offset7 { margin-left: 580px;}.offset6 { margin-left: 500px;}.offset5 { margin-left: 420px;}.offset4 { margin-left: 340px;}.offset3 { margin-left: 260px;}.offset2 { margin-left: 180px;}.offset1 { margin-left: 100px;}.row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1;}.row-fluid:before,.row-fluid:after { display: table; content: "";}.row-fluid:after { clear: both;}.row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.127659574%; *margin-left: 2.0744680846382977%;}.row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0;}.row-fluid .span12 { width: 99.99999998999999%; *width: 99.94680850063828%;}.row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.489361693%; *width: 91.4361702036383%;}.row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.97872339599999%; *width: 82.92553190663828%;}.row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.468085099%; *width: 74.4148936096383%;}.row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.95744680199999%; *width: 65.90425531263828%;}.row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.446808505%; *width: 57.3936170156383%;}.row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.93617020799999%; *width: 48.88297871863829%;}.row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.425531911%; *width: 40.3723404216383%;}.row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.914893614%; *width: 31.8617021246383%;}.row-fluid .span3 { width: 23.404255317%; *width: 23.3510638276383%;}.row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.89361702%; *width: 14.8404255306383%;}.row-fluid .span1 { width: 6.382978723%; *width: 6.329787233638298%;}.container { margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; *zoom: 1;}.container:before,.container:after { display: table; content: "";}.container:after { clear: both;}.container-fluid { padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; *zoom: 1;}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after { display: table; content: "";}.container-fluid:after { clear: both;}p { margin: 0 0 9px;}p small { font-size: 11px; color: #999999;}.lead { margin-bottom: 18px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 27px;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { margin: 0; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; color: inherit; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;}h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small { font-weight: normal; color: #999999;}h1 { font-size: 30px; line-height: 36px;}h1 small { font-size: 18px;}h2 { font-size: 24px; line-height: 36px;}h2 small { font-size: 18px;}h3 { font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;}h3 small { font-size: 14px;}h4,h5,h6 { line-height: 18px;}h4 { font-size: 14px;}h4 small { font-size: 12px;}h5 { font-size: 12px;}h6 { font-size: 11px; color: #999999; text-transform: uppercase;}.page-header { padding-bottom: 17px; margin: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #eeeeee;}.page-header h1 { line-height: 1;}ul,ol { padding: 0; margin: 0 0 9px 25px;}ul ul,ul ol,ol ol,ol ul { margin-bottom: 0;}ul { list-style: disc;}ol { list-style: decimal;}li { line-height: 18px;}ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled { margin-left: 0; list-style: none;}dl { margin-bottom: 18px;}dt,dd { line-height: 18px;}dt { font-weight: bold; line-height: 17px;}dd { margin-left: 9px;}.dl-horizontal dt { float: left; width: 120px; clear: left; text-align: right; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;}.dl-horizontal dd { margin-left: 130px;}hr { margin: 18px 0; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid #eeeeee; border-bottom: 1px solid #ffffff;}strong { font-weight: bold;}em { font-style: italic;}.muted { color: #999999;}abbr[title] { cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted #999999;}abbr.initialism { font-size: 90%; text-transform: uppercase;}blockquote { padding: 0 0 0 15px; margin: 0 0 18px; border-left: 5px solid #eeeeee;}blockquote p { margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 22.5px;}blockquote small { display: block; line-height: 18px; color: #999999;}blockquote small:before { content: '\2014 \00A0';}blockquote.pull-right { float: right; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 0; border-right: 5px solid #eeeeee; border-left: 0;}blockquote.pull-right p,blockquote.pull-right small { text-align: right;}q:before,q:after,blockquote:before,blockquote:after { content: "";}address { display: block; margin-bottom: 18px; font-style: normal; line-height: 18px;}small { font-size: 100%;}cite { font-style: normal;}code,pre { padding: 0 3px 2px; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; color: #333333; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px;}code { padding: 2px 4px; 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border-radius: 23px; opacity: 0.5; filter: alpha(opacity=50);}.carousel-control.right { left: auto; right: 15px;}.carousel-control:hover { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: none; opacity: 0.9; filter: alpha(opacity=90);}.carousel-caption { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; padding: 10px 15px 5px; background: #333333; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);}.carousel-caption h4,.carousel-caption p { color: #ffffff;}.well { min-height: 20px; padding: 19px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #f5f5f5; border: 1px solid #eee; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);}.well blockquote { border-color: #ddd; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);}.well-large { padding: 24px; -webkit-border-radius: 6px; -moz-border-radius: 6px; border-radius: 6px;}.well-small { padding: 9px; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px;}.close { float: right; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px; color: #000000; text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #ffffff; opacity: 0.2; filter: alpha(opacity=20);}.close:hover { color: #000000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; opacity: 0.4; filter: alpha(opacity=40);}button.close { padding: 0; cursor: pointer; background: transparent; border: 0; -webkit-appearance: none;}.pull-right { float: right;}.pull-left { float: left;}.hide { display: none;}.show { display: block;}.invisible { visibility: hidden;}.fade { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -moz-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -ms-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; -o-transition: opacity 0.15s linear; transition: opacity 0.15s linear;}.fade.in { opacity: 1;}.collapse { position: relative; height: 0; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: height 0.35s ease; -moz-transition: height 0.35s ease; -ms-transition: height 0.35s ease; -o-transition: height 0.35s ease; transition: height 0.35s ease;}.collapse.in { height: auto;}.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden;}.visible-phone { display: none !important;}.visible-tablet { display: none !important;}.hidden-desktop { display: none !important;}@media (max-width: 767px) { .visible-phone { display: inherit !important; } .hidden-phone { display: none !important; } .hidden-desktop { display: inherit !important; } .visible-desktop { display: none !important; }}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { .visible-tablet { display: inherit !important; } .hidden-tablet { display: none !important; } .hidden-desktop { display: inherit !important; } .visible-desktop { display: none !important ; }}@media (max-width: 480px) { .nav-collapse { -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } .page-header h1 small { display: block; line-height: 18px; } input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { border: 1px solid #ccc; } .form-horizontal .control-group > label { float: none; width: auto; padding-top: 0; text-align: left; } .form-horizontal .controls { margin-left: 0; } .form-horizontal .control-list { padding-top: 0; } .form-horizontal .form-actions { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; } .modal { position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 10px; right: 10px; width: auto; margin: 0; } .modal.fade.in { top: auto; } .modal-header .close { padding: 10px; margin: -10px; } .carousel-caption { position: static; }}@media (max-width: 767px) { body { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } .navbar-fixed-top, .navbar-fixed-bottom { margin-left: -20px; margin-right: -20px; } .container-fluid { padding: 0; } .dl-horizontal dt { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; text-align: left; } .dl-horizontal dd { margin-left: 0; } .container { width: auto; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; } .row, .thumbnails { margin-left: 0; } [class*="span"], .row-fluid [class*="span"] { float: none; display: block; width: auto; margin-left: 0; } .input-large, .input-xlarge, .input-xxlarge, input[class*="span"], select[class*="span"], textarea[class*="span"], .uneditable-input { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .input-prepend input, .input-append input, .input-prepend input[class*="span"], .input-append input[class*="span"] { display: inline-block; width: auto; }}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px) { .row { margin-left: -20px; *zoom: 1; } .row:before, .row:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row:after { clear: both; } [class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 20px; } .container, .navbar-fixed-top .container, .navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 724px; } .span12 { width: 724px; } .span11 { width: 662px; } .span10 { width: 600px; } .span9 { width: 538px; } .span8 { width: 476px; } .span7 { width: 414px; } .span6 { width: 352px; } .span5 { width: 290px; } .span4 { width: 228px; } .span3 { width: 166px; } .span2 { width: 104px; } .span1 { width: 42px; } .offset12 { margin-left: 764px; } .offset11 { margin-left: 702px; } .offset10 { margin-left: 640px; } .offset9 { margin-left: 578px; } .offset8 { margin-left: 516px; } .offset7 { margin-left: 454px; } .offset6 { margin-left: 392px; } .offset5 { margin-left: 330px; } .offset4 { margin-left: 268px; } .offset3 { margin-left: 206px; } .offset2 { margin-left: 144px; } .offset1 { margin-left: 82px; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1; } .row-fluid:before, .row-fluid:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row-fluid:after { clear: both; } .row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.762430939%; *margin-left: 2.709239449638298%; } .row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0; } .row-fluid .span12 { width: 99.999999993%; *width: 99.9468085036383%; } .row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.436464082%; *width: 91.38327259263829%; } .row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.87292817100001%; *width: 82.8197366816383%; } .row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.30939226%; *width: 74.25620077063829%; } .row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.74585634900001%; *width: 65.6926648596383%; } .row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.182320438000005%; *width: 57.129128948638304%; } .row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.618784527%; *width: 48.5655930376383%; } .row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.055248616%; *width: 40.0020571266383%; } .row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.491712705%; *width: 31.4385212156383%; } .row-fluid .span3 { width: 22.928176794%; *width: 22.874985304638297%; } .row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.364640883%; *width: 14.311449393638298%; } .row-fluid .span1 { width: 5.801104972%; *width: 5.747913482638298%; } input, textarea, .uneditable-input { margin-left: 0; } input.span12, textarea.span12, .uneditable-input.span12 { width: 714px; } input.span11, textarea.span11, .uneditable-input.span11 { width: 652px; } input.span10, textarea.span10, .uneditable-input.span10 { width: 590px; } input.span9, textarea.span9, .uneditable-input.span9 { width: 528px; } input.span8, textarea.span8, .uneditable-input.span8 { width: 466px; } input.span7, textarea.span7, .uneditable-input.span7 { width: 404px; } input.span6, textarea.span6, .uneditable-input.span6 { width: 342px; } input.span5, textarea.span5, .uneditable-input.span5 { width: 280px; } input.span4, textarea.span4, .uneditable-input.span4 { width: 218px; } input.span3, textarea.span3, .uneditable-input.span3 { width: 156px; } input.span2, textarea.span2, .uneditable-input.span2 { width: 94px; } input.span1, textarea.span1, .uneditable-input.span1 { width: 32px; }}@media (min-width: 1200px) { .row { margin-left: -30px; *zoom: 1; } .row:before, .row:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row:after { clear: both; } [class*="span"] { float: left; margin-left: 30px; } .container, .navbar-fixed-top .container, .navbar-fixed-bottom .container { width: 1170px; } .span12 { width: 1170px; } .span11 { width: 1070px; } .span10 { width: 970px; } .span9 { width: 870px; } .span8 { width: 770px; } .span7 { width: 670px; } .span6 { width: 570px; } .span5 { width: 470px; } .span4 { width: 370px; } .span3 { width: 270px; } .span2 { width: 170px; } .span1 { width: 70px; } .offset12 { margin-left: 1230px; } .offset11 { margin-left: 1130px; } .offset10 { margin-left: 1030px; } .offset9 { margin-left: 930px; } .offset8 { margin-left: 830px; } .offset7 { margin-left: 730px; } .offset6 { margin-left: 630px; } .offset5 { margin-left: 530px; } .offset4 { margin-left: 430px; } .offset3 { margin-left: 330px; } .offset2 { margin-left: 230px; } .offset1 { margin-left: 130px; } .row-fluid { width: 100%; *zoom: 1; } .row-fluid:before, .row-fluid:after { display: table; content: ""; } .row-fluid:after { clear: both; } .row-fluid [class*="span"] { display: block; width: 100%; min-height: 28px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin-left: 2.564102564%; *margin-left: 2.510911074638298%; } .row-fluid [class*="span"]:first-child { margin-left: 0; } .row-fluid .span12 { width: 100%; *width: 99.94680851063829%; } .row-fluid .span11 { width: 91.45299145300001%; *width: 91.3997999636383%; } .row-fluid .span10 { width: 82.905982906%; *width: 82.8527914166383%; } .row-fluid .span9 { width: 74.358974359%; *width: 74.30578286963829%; } .row-fluid .span8 { width: 65.81196581200001%; *width: 65.7587743226383%; } .row-fluid .span7 { width: 57.264957265%; *width: 57.2117657756383%; } .row-fluid .span6 { width: 48.717948718%; *width: 48.6647572286383%; } .row-fluid .span5 { width: 40.170940171000005%; *width: 40.117748681638304%; } .row-fluid .span4 { width: 31.623931624%; *width: 31.5707401346383%; } .row-fluid .span3 { width: 23.076923077%; *width: 23.0237315876383%; } .row-fluid .span2 { width: 14.529914530000001%; *width: 14.4767230406383%; } .row-fluid .span1 { width: 5.982905983%; *width: 5.929714493638298%; } input, textarea, .uneditable-input { margin-left: 0; } input.span12, textarea.span12, .uneditable-input.span12 { width: 1160px; } input.span11, textarea.span11, .uneditable-input.span11 { width: 1060px; } input.span10, textarea.span10, .uneditable-input.span10 { width: 960px; } input.span9, textarea.span9, .uneditable-input.span9 { width: 860px; } input.span8, textarea.span8, .uneditable-input.span8 { width: 760px; } input.span7, textarea.span7, .uneditable-input.span7 { width: 660px; } input.span6, textarea.span6, .uneditable-input.span6 { width: 560px; } input.span5, textarea.span5, .uneditable-input.span5 { width: 460px; } input.span4, textarea.span4, .uneditable-input.span4 { width: 360px; } input.span3, textarea.span3, .uneditable-input.span3 { width: 260px; } input.span2, textarea.span2, .uneditable-input.span2 { width: 160px; } input.span1, textarea.span1, .uneditable-input.span1 { width: 60px; } .thumbnails { margin-left: -30px; } .thumbnails > li { margin-left: 30px; } .row-fluid .thumbnails { margin-left: 0; }}@media (max-width: 979px) { body { padding-top: 0; } .navbar-fixed-top, .navbar-fixed-bottom { position: static; } .navbar-fixed-top { margin-bottom: 18px; } .navbar-fixed-bottom { margin-top: 18px; } .navbar-fixed-top .navbar-inner, .navbar-fixed-bottom .navbar-inner { padding: 5px; } .navbar .container { width: auto; padding: 0; } .navbar .brand { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 -5px; } .nav-collapse { clear: both; } .nav-collapse .nav { float: none; margin: 0 0 9px; } .nav-collapse .nav > li { float: none; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a { margin-bottom: 2px; } .nav-collapse .nav > .divider-vertical { display: none; } .nav-collapse .nav .nav-header { color: #999999; text-shadow: none; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu a { padding: 6px 15px; font-weight: bold; color: #999999; -webkit-border-radius: 3px; -moz-border-radius: 3px; border-radius: 3px; } .nav-collapse .btn { padding: 4px 10px 4px; font-weight: normal; -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu li + li a { margin-bottom: 2px; } .nav-collapse .nav > li > a:hover, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu a:hover { background-color: #222222; } .nav-collapse.in .btn-group { margin-top: 5px; padding: 0; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu { position: static; top: auto; left: auto; float: none; display: block; max-width: none; margin: 0 15px; padding: 0; background-color: transparent; border: none; -webkit-border-radius: 0; -moz-border-radius: 0; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu:before, .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu:after { display: none; } .nav-collapse .dropdown-menu .divider { display: none; } .nav-collapse .navbar-form, .nav-collapse .navbar-search { float: none; padding: 9px 15px; margin: 9px 0; border-top: 1px solid #222222; border-bottom: 1px solid #222222; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1); } .navbar .nav-collapse .nav.pull-right { float: none; margin-left: 0; } .nav-collapse, .nav-collapse.collapse { overflow: hidden; height: 0; } .navbar .btn-navbar { display: block; } .navbar-static .navbar-inner { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }}@media (min-width: 980px) { .nav-collapse.collapse { height: auto !important; overflow: visible !important; }}

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loading xml into SQL Server 2008 using sqlbulkload component

- by mohamed

"Error: Schema: relationship expected on 'headerRecord'." I get the above error while load xml file to SQL Server 2008 using SQLXMLBulkLoad4 Component , the xml file contains Call Detail records, I have generated schema file from xml file using both , Dataset and XSD.exe tool, but the error remains same., if there is another way to imports xml file with multiple tables that have relationship in each file into SQL Server 2008? . Here the xml file: <CallEventDataFile> <headerRecord> <productionDateTime>0912021247482B0300</productionDateTime> <recordingEntity>00</recordingEntity> <extensions/> </headerRecord> <callEventRecords> <mtSMSRecord> <recordType>7</recordType> <serviceCentre>91521230</serviceCentre> <servedIMSI>36570000031728F2</servedIMSI> <servedIMEI>53886000707896F0</servedIMEI> <servedMSISDN>915212454503F2</servedMSISDN> <msClassmark>3319A1</msClassmark> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <location> <locationAreaCode>0006</locationAreaCode> <cellIdentifier>0C6E</cellIdentifier> </location> <deliveryTime>0912021535412B0300</deliveryTime> <systemType> <gERAN/> </systemType> <basicService> <teleservice>21</teleservice> </basicService> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <chargedParty> <calledParty/> </chargedParty> <orgRNCorBSCId>8E1A</orgRNCorBSCId> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <globalAreaID>36F70500060C6E</globalAreaID> <subscriberCategory>0A</subscriberCategory> <firstmccmnc>36F705</firstmccmnc> <smsUserDataType>FF</smsUserDataType> <origination>8191F2</origination> <callReference>1605EB2FE1</callReference> </mtSMSRecord> <moSMSRecord> <recordType>6</recordType> <servedIMSI>36570000238707F9</servedIMSI> <servedIMEI>53928320195925F0</servedIMEI> <servedMSISDN>915212159430F2</servedMSISDN> <msClassmark>3319A2</msClassmark> <serviceCentre>91521230</serviceCentre> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <location> <locationAreaCode>001B</locationAreaCode> <cellIdentifier>6983</cellIdentifier> </location> <messageReference>01</messageReference> <originationTime>0912021535412B0300</originationTime> <destinationNumber>8111F1</destinationNumber> <systemType> <gERAN/> </systemType> <basicService> <teleservice>22</teleservice> </basicService> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <chargedParty> <callingParty/> </chargedParty> <orgRNCorBSCId>8F1A</orgRNCorBSCId> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <globalAreaID>36F705001B6983</globalAreaID> <subscriberCategory>0A</subscriberCategory> <firstmccmnc>36F705</firstmccmnc> <smsUserDataType>FF</smsUserDataType> <callReference>1701BED4FF</callReference> </moSMSRecord> <ssActionRecord> <recordType>10</recordType> <servedIMSI>36570000636448F8</servedIMSI> <servedIMEI>53246030714961F0</servedIMEI> <servedMSISDN>915212056928F8</servedMSISDN> <msClassmark>3018A1</msClassmark> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <location> <locationAreaCode>000C</locationAreaCode> <cellIdentifier>05A5</cellIdentifier> </location> <supplService>FF</supplService> <ssAction> <ussdInvocation/> </ssAction> <ssActionTime>0912021535412B0300</ssActionTime> <ssParameters> <unstructuredData>AA5C2E3702</unstructuredData> </ssParameters> <callReference>1701BED500</callReference> <systemType> <gERAN/> </systemType> <ussdCodingScheme>0F</ussdCodingScheme> <ussdString> <UssdString>AA5C2E3702</UssdString> </ussdString> <ussdRequestCounter>1</ussdRequestCounter> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>1</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <orgRNCorBSCId>8E1A</orgRNCorBSCId> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <globalAreaID>36F705000C05A5</globalAreaID> <subscriberCategory>0A</subscriberCategory> <firstmccmnc>36F705</firstmccmnc> </ssActionRecord> <moCallRecord> <recordType>0</recordType> <servedIMSI>36570000807501F5</servedIMSI> <servedIMEI>53246030713955F0</servedIMEI> <servedMSISDN>915212157901F0</servedMSISDN> <callingNumber>A151911700</callingNumber> <calledNumber>8151677589</calledNumber> <roamingNumber>A111113850</roamingNumber> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <mscIncomingROUTE> <rOUTEName>HWBSC2</rOUTEName> </mscIncomingROUTE> <mscOutgoingROUTE> <rOUTEName>HWBSC2</rOUTEName> </mscOutgoingROUTE> <location> <locationAreaCode>0006</locationAreaCode> <cellIdentifier>0C2F</cellIdentifier> </location> <basicService> <teleservice>11</teleservice> </basicService> <msClassmark>3319A1</msClassmark> <answerTime>0912021535382B0300</answerTime> <releaseTime>0912021535422B0300</releaseTime> <callDuration>4</callDuration> <radioChanRequested> <dualFullRatePreferred/> </radioChanRequested> <radioChanUsed> <halfRate/> </radioChanUsed> <causeForTerm>0</causeForTerm> <diagnostics> <gsm0408Cause>144</gsm0408Cause> </diagnostics> <callReference>1701BED501</callReference> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <gsm-SCFAddress>915212110130</gsm-SCFAddress> <serviceKey>1</serviceKey> <networkCallReference>171D555132</networkCallReference> <mSCAddress>915212110100</mSCAddress> <speechVersionSupported>25</speechVersionSupported> <speechVersionUsed>21</speechVersionUsed> <numberOfDPEncountered>3</numberOfDPEncountered> <levelOfCAMELService>01</levelOfCAMELService> <freeFormatData>800130</freeFormatData> <systemType> <gERAN/> </systemType> <classmark3>C000</classmark3> <chargedParty> <callingParty/> </chargedParty> <mscOutgoingCircuit>1051</mscOutgoingCircuit> <orgRNCorBSCId>8E1A</orgRNCorBSCId> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <calledIMSI>36570000635618F8</calledIMSI> <globalAreaID>36F70500060C2F</globalAreaID> <subscriberCategory>0A</subscriberCategory> <firstmccmnc>36F705</firstmccmnc> <lastmccmnc>36F705</lastmccmnc> </moCallRecord> <mtCallRecord> <recordType>1</recordType> <servedIMSI>36570000635618F8</servedIMSI> <servedIMEI>53464010474309F0</servedIMEI> <servedMSISDN>915212755697F8</servedMSISDN> <callingNumber>A151911700</callingNumber> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <mscIncomingROUTE> <rOUTEName>HWBSC2</rOUTEName> </mscIncomingROUTE> <mscOutgoingROUTE> <rOUTEName>HWBSC2</rOUTEName> </mscOutgoingROUTE> <location> <locationAreaCode>0006</locationAreaCode> <cellIdentifier>0C2D</cellIdentifier> </location> <basicService> <teleservice>11</teleservice> </basicService> <supplServicesUsed> <SuppServiceUsedid> <ssCode>11</ssCode> <ssTime>0912021535382B0300</ssTime> </SuppServiceUsedid> </supplServicesUsed> <msClassmark>331981</msClassmark> <answerTime>0912021535382B0300</answerTime> <releaseTime>0912021535422B0300</releaseTime> <callDuration>4</callDuration> <radioChanRequested> <dualFullRatePreferred/> </radioChanRequested> <radioChanUsed> <halfRate/> </radioChanUsed> <causeForTerm>0</causeForTerm> <diagnostics> <gsm0408Cause>144</gsm0408Cause> </diagnostics> <callReference>1701BED502</callReference> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <networkCallReference>171D555132</networkCallReference> <mSCAddress>915212110100</mSCAddress> <speechVersionSupported>25</speechVersionSupported> <speechVersionUsed>21</speechVersionUsed> <systemType> <gERAN/> </systemType> <classmark3>C000</classmark3> <chargedParty> <calledParty/> </chargedParty> <roamingNumber>A111113850</roamingNumber> <mscIncomingCircuit>9119</mscIncomingCircuit> <orgRNCorBSCId>8E1A</orgRNCorBSCId> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <globalAreaID>36F70500060C2D</globalAreaID> <subscriberCategory>0A</subscriberCategory> <firstmccmnc>36F705</firstmccmnc> <lastmccmnc>36F705</lastmccmnc> </mtCallRecord> <incGatewayRecord> <recordType>3</recordType> <callingNumber>A17005991565</callingNumber> <calledNumber>A1853643F7</calledNumber> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <mscIncomingROUTE> <rOUTEName>ZPSTN</rOUTEName> </mscIncomingROUTE> <mscOutgoingROUTE> <rOUTEName>ZTEBSC3</rOUTEName> </mscOutgoingROUTE> <answerTime>0912021535302B0300</answerTime> <releaseTime>0912021535422B0300</releaseTime> <callDuration>12</callDuration> <causeForTerm>0</causeForTerm> <diagnostics> <gsm0408Cause>144</gsm0408Cause> </diagnostics> <callReference>2203AFBF84</callReference> <basicService> <teleservice>11</teleservice> </basicService> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <roamingNumber>A111111980</roamingNumber> <mscIncomingCircuit>934</mscIncomingCircuit> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <mscIncomingRouteAttribute> <isup/> </mscIncomingRouteAttribute> <networkCallReference>22432B5132</networkCallReference> </incGatewayRecord> <outGatewayRecord> <recordType>4</recordType> <callingNumber>A151012431</callingNumber> <calledNumber>817026936873</calledNumber> <recordingEntity>915212110100</recordingEntity> <mscIncomingROUTE> <rOUTEName>HWBSC</rOUTEName> </mscIncomingROUTE> <mscOutgoingROUTE> <rOUTEName>ZPSTN</rOUTEName> </mscOutgoingROUTE> <answerTime>0912021535192B0300</answerTime> <releaseTime>0912021535432B0300</releaseTime> <callDuration>24</callDuration> <causeForTerm>0</causeForTerm> <diagnostics> <gsm0408Cause>144</gsm0408Cause> </diagnostics> <callReference>2303B19880</callReference> <basicService> <teleservice>11</teleservice> </basicService> <additionalChgInfo> <chargeIndicator>2</chargeIndicator> </additionalChgInfo> <mscOutgoingCircuit>398</mscOutgoingCircuit> <orgMSCId>921A</orgMSCId> <mscOutgoingRouteAttribute> <isup/> </mscOutgoingRouteAttribute> <networkCallReference>238BE55132</networkCallReference> </outGatewayRecord> </callEventRecords> <trailerRecord> <productionDateTime>0912021247512B0300</productionDateTime> <recordingEntity>00</recordingEntity> <firstCallDateTime>000000000000000000</firstCallDateTime> <lastCallDateTime>000000000000000000</lastCallDateTime> <noOfRecords>521</noOfRecords> <extensions/> </trailerRecord> <extensions/> </CallEventDataFile> Schema File generated by Dataset: <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?> <xs:schema id="NewDataSet" xmlns="" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata"> <xs:element name="location"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="locationAreaCode" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="cellIdentifier" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="systemType"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="gERAN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="basicService"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="teleservice" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="additionalChgInfo"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="chargeIndicator" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="chargedParty"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="calledParty" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callingParty" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="mscIncomingROUTE"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="rOUTEName" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="mscOutgoingROUTE"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="rOUTEName" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="radioChanRequested"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="dualFullRatePreferred" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="radioChanUsed"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="halfRate" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="diagnostics"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="gsm0408Cause" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="CallEventDataFile"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="extensions" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="headerRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="productionDateTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="extensions" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="callEventRecords" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="mtSMSRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="recordType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="serviceCentre" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMEI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedMSISDN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="msClassmark" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="deliveryTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgRNCorBSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgMSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="globalAreaID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="subscriberCategory" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="firstmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="smsUserDataType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="origination" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element ref="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="systemType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="basicService" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="additionalChgInfo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="chargedParty" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="moSMSRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="recordType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMEI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedMSISDN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="msClassmark" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="serviceCentre" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="messageReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="originationTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="destinationNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgRNCorBSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgMSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="globalAreaID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="subscriberCategory" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="firstmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="smsUserDataType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element ref="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="systemType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="basicService" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="additionalChgInfo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="chargedParty" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="ssActionRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="recordType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMEI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedMSISDN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="msClassmark" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="supplService" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="ssActionTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="ussdCodingScheme" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="ussdRequestCounter" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgRNCorBSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgMSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="globalAreaID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="subscriberCategory" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="firstmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element ref="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element name="ssAction" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="ussdInvocation" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="ssParameters" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="unstructuredData" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element ref="systemType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element name="ussdString" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="UssdString" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element ref="additionalChgInfo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="moCallRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="recordType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMEI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedMSISDN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callingNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="calledNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="roamingNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="msClassmark" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="answerTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="releaseTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callDuration" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="causeForTerm" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="gsm-SCFAddress" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="serviceKey" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="networkCallReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="mSCAddress" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="speechVersionSupported" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="speechVersionUsed" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="numberOfDPEncountered" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="levelOfCAMELService" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="freeFormatData" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="classmark3" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="mscOutgoingCircuit" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgRNCorBSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgMSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="calledIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="globalAreaID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="subscriberCategory" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="firstmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="lastmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element ref="mscIncomingROUTE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="mscOutgoingROUTE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="basicService" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="radioChanRequested" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="radioChanUsed" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="diagnostics" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="additionalChgInfo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="systemType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="chargedParty" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="mtCallRecord" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="recordType" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMSI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedIMEI" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="servedMSISDN" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callingNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="recordingEntity" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="msClassmark" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="answerTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="releaseTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callDuration" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="causeForTerm" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="callReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="networkCallReference" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="mSCAddress" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="speechVersionSupported" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="speechVersionUsed" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="classmark3" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="roamingNumber" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="mscIncomingCircuit" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgRNCorBSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="orgMSCId" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="globalAreaID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="subscriberCategory" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="firstmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="lastmccmnc" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element ref="mscIncomingROUTE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="mscOutgoingROUTE" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="location" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element ref="basicService" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xs:element name="supplServicesUsed" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="SuppServiceUsedid" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="ssCode" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="ssTime" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xs:sequence>

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