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• How to pass -f specdoc option through rake task

  - by dorelal

  I am using rails 2.3.5 .rake spec works fine. This is from spec --help. spec --help -f, --format FORMAT[:WHERE] Specifies what format to use for output. Specify WHERE to tell the formatter where to write the output. All built-in formats expect WHERE to be a file name, and will write to $stdout if it's not specified. The --format option may be specified several times if you want several outputs Builtin formats: silent|l : No output progress|p : Text-based progress bar profile|o : Text-based progress bar with profiling of 10 slowest examples specdoc|s : Code example doc strings nested|n : Code example doc strings with nested groups indented html|h : A nice HTML report failing_examples|e : Write all failing examples - input for --example failing_example_groups|g : Write all failing example groups - input for --example How do I pass -f specdoc through rake task.

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• IoC and Design Time

  - by benPearce

  I have a WPF application which I am using to learn MVVM and IoC. The problem is that the Model used by one of the Views expects to pull one of its dependancies in the constructor from an IoC container. When working on this View in the Visual Studio designer it cannot show the design because an exception is being raised in the model. Is there a way around this? Am I pulling my dependancies in the wrong place in code or is there a way I can pass in constructed dependancies, perhaps through Constructor injection. At present the IoC container is setup in code in App.xaml.cs. The IoC container is a roll-your-own taken from this article on MSDN - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc337885.aspx

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• IE not detecting jquery change method for checkbox

  - by user271619

  The code below works in FF, Safari, Chrome. But IE is giving me issues. When a checkbox is checked, I cannot get IE to detect it. $("#checkbox_ID").change(function(){ if($('#'+$(this).attr("id")).is(':checked')){ var value = "1"; }else{ var value = "0"; } alert(value); return false; }); Simply, I'm not getting that alert popup, as expected. I've even tried it this way: $("#checkbox_ID").change(function(){ if( $('#'+$(this).attr("id")'+:checked').attr('checked',false)){ var value = "1"; }else{ var value = "0"; } alert(value); return false; }); Here's the simple checkbox input: Anyone know if IE requires a different jquery method? or is my code just off?

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• python Socket.IO client for sending broadcast messages to TornadIO2 server

  - by Alp

  I am building a realtime web application. I want to be able to send broadcast messages from the server-side implementation of my python application. Here is the setup: socketio.js on the client-side TornadIO2 server as Socket.IO server python on the server-side (Django framework) I can succesfully send socket.io messages from the client to the server. The server handles these and can send a response. In the following i will describe how i did that. Current Setup and Code First, we need to define a Connection which handles socket.io events: class BaseConnection(tornadio2.SocketConnection): def on_message(self, message): pass # will be run if client uses socket.emit('connect', username) @event def connect(self, username): # send answer to client which will be handled by socket.on('log', function) self.emit('log', 'hello ' + username) Starting the server is done by a Django management custom method: class Command(BaseCommand): args = '' help = 'Starts the TornadIO2 server for handling socket.io connections' def handle(self, *args, **kwargs): autoreload.main(self.run, args, kwargs) def run(self, *args, **kwargs): port = settings.SOCKETIO_PORT router = tornadio2.TornadioRouter(BaseConnection) application = tornado.web.Application( router.urls, socket_io_port = port ) print 'Starting socket.io server on port %s' % port server = SocketServer(application) Very well, the server runs now. Let's add the client code: <script type="text/javascript"> var sio = io.connect('localhost:9000'); sio.on('connect', function(data) { console.log('connected'); sio.emit('connect', '{{ user.username }}'); }); sio.on('log', function(data) { console.log("log: " + data); }); </script> Obviously, {{ user.username }} will be replaced by the username of the currently logged in user, in this example the username is "alp". Now, every time the page gets refreshed, the console output is: connected log: hello alp Therefore, invoking messages and sending responses works. But now comes the tricky part. Problems The response "hello alp" is sent only to the invoker of the socket.io message. I want to broadcast a message to all connected clients, so that they can be informed in realtime if a new user joins the party (for example in a chat application). So, here are my questions: How can i send a broadcast message to all connected clients? How can i send a broadcast message to multiple connected clients that are subscribed on a specific channel? How can i send a broadcast message anywhere in my python code (outside of the BaseConnection class)? Would this require some sort of Socket.IO client for python or is this builtin with TornadIO2? All these broadcasts should be done in a reliable way, so i guess websockets are the best choice. But i am open to all good solutions.

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• Java input method for Virtual Keyboad

  - by shekhar

  Hi, I am facing problem in implementing Input method for Virtual Keyboard, currently I am using robot class for sending input to any application from virtual keyboard. but for that I need to create mapping of key-code and unicode, which is not consistent on different keyboard layout, can I directly pass the UNICODE to any application using Input method without worry about mapping between keycode and unicode. any useful link or sample code will be useful. It is simple Java program which is always on top of any application and work as onscreen keyboard. using a mouse while you press any button (key) of the keyboard, the corresponding character will be typed in the application running below. This is working perfectly for English Alphabets. I am facing problem while I am doing for unicode.

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• WorkflowMarkupSerializer doesn't keep positions in a state machine workflow

  - by Khadaji

  I am using WorkflowMarkupSerializer to save a statemachine workflow - it saves the states OK, but does not keep their positions. The code to write the workflow is here: using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(fileName)) { WorkflowMarkupSerializer markupSerializer = new WorkflowMarkupSerializer(); markupSerializer.Serialize(xmlWriter, workflow); } The code to read the workflow is: DesignerSerializationManager dsm = new DesignerSerializationManager(); using (dsm.CreateSession()) { using (XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(fileName)) { //deserialize the workflow from the XmlReader WorkflowMarkupSerializer markupSerializer = new WorkflowMarkupSerializer(); workflow = markupSerializer.Deserialize( dsm, xmlReader) as Activity; if (dsm.Errors.Count > 0) { WorkflowMarkupSerializationException error = dsm.Errors[0] as WorkflowMarkupSerializationException; throw error; } } }

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• javascript regex: match altered version of first match with only one expression

  - by theseion

  Hi there I'm writing a brush for Alex Gorbatchev's Syntax Highlighter to get highlighting for Smalltalk code. Now, consider the following Smalltalk code: aCollection do: [ :each | each shout ] I want to find the block argument ":each" and then match "each" every time it occurrs afterwards (for simplicity, let's say every occurrence an not just inside the brackets). Note that the argument can have any name, e.g. ":myArg". My attempt to match ":each": \:([\d\w]+) This seems to work. The problem is for me to match the occurrences of "each". I thought something like this could work: \:([\d\w]+)|\1 but the right hand side of the alternation seems to be treated as an independent expression, so backreferencing doesn't work. So my question is: is it even possible to accomplish what I want in a single expression? Or would I have to use the backreference within a second expression (via another function call)? Cheers.

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• Is it possible to mask CALayer in iPhone?

  - by Eonil

  I'm trying to mask CALayer with a bitmap image. And I failed masking CALayer. My code is: // 'PreloadViewController layerWithImageNamed' create a layer and set it's contents as specified UIImage. CALayer* title = [PreloadViewController layerWithImageNamed:@"pinkhug_txt.png"]; [[[self view] layer] addSublayer:title]; CALayer* title_mask = [PreloadViewController layerWithImageNamed:@"hug_mask.png"]; [title setMask:title_mask]; The Apple reference says "CALayer in iPhone does not support mask property". But there is a postings about this on SO. Is it possible? Or what's wrong with my code?

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• Would Apache running on port 8080 prevent dynamically loaded scripts in JavaScript?

  - by editor

  Had a nice PHP/HTML/JS prototype working on my personal Linode, then tried to throw it into a work machine. The page adds a script tag dynamically with some JavaScript. It's a bunch of Google charts that update based on different timeslices. That code looks something like this: // jQuery $.post to send the beginning and end timestamps $.post("channel_functions.php", data_to_post, function(data){ // the data that's returned is the javascript I want to load var script = document.createElement('script'); var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; var script= document.createElement('script'); var text = document.createTextNode(data); script.type= 'text/javascript'; script.id = 'chart_data'; script.appendChild(text); // Adding script tag to page head.appendChild(script); // Call the function I know were present in the script tag loadTheCharts(); }); function loadTheCharts() { // These are the functions that were loaded dynamically // By this point the script tag is supposed be loaded, added and eval'd function1(); function2(); } Function1() and function2() don't exist until they get added to the dom, but I don't call loadTheCharts() until after the $.post has run so this doesn't seem to be a problem. I'm one of those dirty PHP coders you mother warned you about, so I'm not well versed in JavaScript beyond what I've read in the typical go-to O'Reilly books. But this code worked fine on my personal dev server, so I'm wondering why it wouldn't work on this new machine. The only difference in setup, from what I can tell, is that the new machine is running on port 8080, so it's 192.168.blah.blah:8080/index.php instead of nicedomain.com/index.php. I see the code was indeed added to the dom when I use webmaster tools to "view generated source" but in Firebug I get an error like "function2() is undefined" even though my understanding was that all script tags are eval'ed when added to . My question: Given what I've laid out, and that the machine is running on :8080, is there a reason anyone can think of as to why a dynamically loaded function like function2() would be defined on the Linode and not on the machine running Apache on 8080?

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• Adding an item to an existent window

  - by farhad

  Hello! How can i add an item to an existent window? I tried win.add() but it does not seem to work. Why? This is my piece of code: function combo_service(winTitle,desc,input_param) { /* parametri */ param=input_param.split(","); /* della forma: param[0]="doc1:text", quindi da splittare di nuovo */ /* cosi' non la creo più volte */ win; if (!win) var win = new Ext.Window({ //title:Ext.get('page-title').dom.innerHTML renderTo:Ext.getBody() ,iconCls:'icon-bulb' ,width:420 ,height:240 ,title:winTitle ,border:false ,layout:'fit' ,items:[{ // form as the only item in window xtype:'form' ,labelWidth:60 ,html:desc ,frame:true ,items:[{ // textfield fieldLabel:desc ,xtype:'textfield' ,anchor:'-18' }] }] }); win.add({ // form as the only item in window xtype:'form' ,labelWidth:60 ,html:desc ,frame:true ,items:[{ // textfield fieldLabel:desc ,xtype:'textfield' ,anchor:'-18' }]}); win.show(); }; What's wrong with my code? Thank you very much.

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• Problems with animateAlong in IE7

  - by Andrei

  Hi there, I'm having trouble making a simple shape move along a path in IE7 (the only version of IE I tried, actually). The following code works fine in chrome and firefox, but not IE. I couldn't find an obvious reason, has anybody seen something similar? canvas.path(rPath.path).attr("stroke", "blue"); var circle = canvas.circle(rPath.startX, rPath.startY, 5); circle.animateAlong(rPath.path, 3000, true); My rPath variable has the path and the starting point coordinates. Microsoft script debugger points to this line as the one where the code breaks: os.left != (t = x - left + "px") && (os.left = t); (line 2131 inside the uncompressed raphael.js script file, inside Element[proto].setBox = function (params, cx, cy) {...}) Any ideas? Any experience (good or bad) with raphael's animateAlong in IE7? TIA, Andrei

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• Multiple View App shows Blank Screen in Simulator

  - by Brett Coburn

  Hello; I am developing a simple app that first shows a menu screen, and when a button is pressed, a game screen appears. I was able to develop the game screen without any issues, but when I changed the code to first display the menu, the simulator showed a blank screen. I've read all the articles on connecting views with IB but I can't figure this out. Any help would be appreciated. This is my code: // Pong_Multiple_ViewAppDelegate.h // Pong Multiple View // // Created by Brett on 10-05-19. // Copyright __MyCompanyName__ 2010. All rights reserved. // #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class MenuViewController; @interface Pong_Multiple_ViewAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { UIWindow *window; MenuViewController *navigationController; } @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window; @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet MenuViewController *navigationController; @end // // Pong_Multiple_ViewAppDelegate.m // Pong Multiple View // // Created by Brett on 10-05-19. // Copyright __MyCompanyName__ 2010. All rights reserved. // #import "Pong_Multiple_ViewAppDelegate.h" #import "MenuViewController.h" @implementation Pong_Multiple_ViewAppDelegate @synthesize window; @synthesize navigationController; - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application{ // Override point for customization after application launch [window addSubview:[navigationController view]]; [window makeKeyAndVisible]; } - (void)dealloc { [navigationController release]; [window release]; [super dealloc]; } @end // // MenuViewController.h // Pong Multiple View // // Created by Brett on 10-05-19. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "GameViewController.h" @interface MenuViewController : UIViewController { GameViewController *gameViewController; IBOutlet UIButton *gameButton; } @property(nonatomic, retain) GameViewController *gameViewController; @property(nonatomic, retain) UIButton *gameButton; -(IBAction)switchPage:(id)sender; @end // // MenuViewController.m // Pong Multiple View // // Created by Brett on 10-05-19. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "MenuViewController.h" #import "GameViewController.h" @implementation MenuViewController @synthesize gameViewController; @synthesize gameButton; -(IBAction)switchPage:(id)sender{ if (self.gameViewController==nil) { GameViewController *gameView = [[GameViewController alloc]initWithNibName:@"GameView" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]]; self.gameViewController= gameView; [gameView release]; } [self.navigationController pushViewController:self.gameViewController animated:YES]; } .... @end My code also includes classes: GameViewController.h, GameViewController.m, and nib files: MenuView.xib, and GameView.xib Thanks, B

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• Error inflating class android.widget.CompoundButton

  - by snctln

  [Disclaimer: This has been cross posted on the Android Developers Google Group I am trying to use a CompoundButton in a project I am working on. Every time I try and use it by declaring it in my layout xml file I receive the error "01-04 12:27:46.471: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1771): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #605: Error inflating class android.widget.CompoundButton" After fighting the error for a half an hour I decided to try a minimalistic example. I am using the latest eclipse developer tools, and targeting android 2.2 makign the minimum sdk required 2.2 (8). Here is the activity java code: package com.example.CompoundButtonExample; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class CompoundButtonExampleActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } } Here is the layout xml code: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <CompoundButton android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> </LinearLayout> Here is the manifest xml code: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.CompoundButtonExample" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".CompoundButtonExampleActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" /> </manifest> As you can see it is just the default hello world project that eclipse creates for you when you start a new Android project. It only differs in the fact that I add a "CompoundButton" to the main layout in a vertical LinearLayout. Can anyone confirm this bug? Or tell me what I am doing wrong?

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• Programmatic use of ARP

  - by sizzzzlerz

  I have a need for some C or C++ code, compilable under Linux, to be able to take a list of IP addresses of some arbitrary number of remote hosts machines and obtain a ethernet MAC address for each one. These host machines may be on the same subnet or they could be on a different subnet behind a router. Its OK if the MAC address of some or all of the remote hosts is the address of the interface on the router. Ultimately, I want to hand off the IP address and MAC address to an FPGA who will use these pieces of information to format and send UDP/IP packets over ethernet to the hosts. Obviously, the FPGA will also be given its own MAC address and IP address to fill in the source MAC and source IP addresses in the packets. Is there some code I can be pointed to that can create and broadcast ARP packets to these remote machines and receive back the ARP response packets such that the destination MAC addresses can be extracted?

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• JQuery Ajax response not triggering success

  - by Mohammad

  This is my code, $.ajax({ type:"get", //this doesn't work //url:'http://example.com/json.php', //But this works url:'http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?tags=cat&tagmode=any&format=json&jsoncallback=?', dataType:"jsonp", success:function(data){ alert('success'); }, error:function(){ alert('error'); } }); in json.php I have <?php header("Content-type: application/javascript"); ?> Then I've copied all the output of that flickr url. So the problem shouldn't be in the content of my code but how it's being sent. What do i need to fix here? Thanks in advance!

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• Using sectioned tables from an sqlite file with an iPhone uitableview

  - by Chris

  I am currently trying to make a sectioned table like this: Section 1: Entry 1 Entry 2 Entry 3 Section 2: Entry 4 Entry 5 Entry 6 Section 3: Entry 7 Entry 8 ... However, using this code: Event *lists = (Event *)[eventList objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; accessStatement = "select * from DatabaseName"; [self findEvents]; // Code that builds each object's strings from database cell.textLabel.text = lists.name; Section 1: Entry 1 Entry 2 Entry 3 Section 2: Entry 1 Entry 2 Entry 3 Section 3: Entry 1 Entry 2 ... It keeps on repeating itself. How do I make the index so that it continues in each section rather than restarts? Thanks in advance.

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• HOM with Objective C

  - by Coxer

  Hey, i am new to objective C, but i tried to use HOM in order to iterate over an NSArray and append a string to each element. here is my code: void print( NSArray *array ) { NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator]; id obj; while ( nil!=(obj = [enumerator nextObject]) ) { printf( "%s\n", [[obj description] cString] ); } } int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; NSArray *names = [[NSArray alloc] init]; NSArray *names_concat = [[NSArray alloc] init]; names = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"John",@"Mary",@"Bob",nil]; names_concat = [[names collect] stringByAppendingString: @" Doe"]; print(names_concat); [pool release]; } What is wrong with this code? My compiler (gcc) says NSArray may not respond to "-collect"

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• Xcode is not building the Binary

  - by Stephen Furlani

  Hello, Xcode is doing something bizzare which I at one point in time fixed but now for the life of me I can't figure out what's wrong. Xcode is building my project fine - no errors on a clean-all build. All my product names and info.plists agree, all the settings appear to be correct. I've only got the one build configuration (I always delete all of them except when I got to actually release something - waay to many invisible problems with these things). Except that it is not generating binaries for my code. Eh wot? I have recently checked the code out on a new computer, and I checked all the paths and everything exists where it should. any help is appreciated. It is not throwing any errors and neither the binary for the .app nor the .plugin (project.app/Contents/MacOS/THERE IS NOTHING HERE). Thanks!!! -Stephen

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• ASP-style tags for Perl web development?

  - by Alex R

  I feel like I'm traveling 10 years back in time by asking this, but... Are there any modules, patches, or any "new" version of Perl (released in the last 10 years) to enable writing web-oriented Perl scripts using ASP-style tags? e.g. from ASP/JSP some html <% some code %> more HTML e.g. from PHP some html <? some code ?> more HTML Please don't worry about "why" I'm asking this... It's related to programming language research.

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• ShowWindow not working from a DLL on a 64-bit OS?

  - by Auto Roast

  I have a process that calls SetWindowsHook to catch keyboard events. In the DLL that processes the events, I conditionally call ShowWindow on the handle of the window of the process who set the hook. That code works perfectly on a 32-bit OS (XP) and as a 32-bit application on a 64-bit OS, but when compiled to 64-bit, the window is not showing. The code to make the window visible is: if (idx == passlen) { HWND h = FindWindow(NULL,windowNameToShow); ShowWindow(h,SW_SHOW); idx = 0; logger->backerase(passlen - 1); nextCharToMatch = passPointer; }

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• How to read public key from PFX file in java

  - by articlestack

  I am able to read private key from PFX file but not public key. I am using following code to read public key. InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(certFile); CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(inStream); // if (bis.available() > 0) { java.security.cert.Certificate cert = cf.generateCertificate(bis); System.out.println("This part is not getting printed in case of PFX file"); // } puk = (PublicKey) cert.getPublicKey(); This code is working properly when i read from .cer file. Please help

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• Zend Framework: How to include an OR statement in an SQL fetchAll()

  - by Scoobler

  I am trying to build the following SQL statement: SELECT users_table.*, users_data.first_name, users_data.last_name FROM users_table INNER JOIN users_data ON users_table.id = user_id WHERE (users_table.username LIKE '%sc%') OR (users_data.first_name LIKE '%sc%') OR (users_data.last_name LIKE '%sc%') I have the following code at the moment: public function findAllUsersLike($like) { $select = $this-select(Zend_Db_Table::SELECT_WITH_FROM_PART)-setIntegrityCheck(false); $select-where('users_table.username LIKE ?', '%'.$like.'%'); $select-where('users_data.first_name LIKE ?', '%'.$like.'%'); $select-where('users_data.last_name LIKE ?', '%'.$like.'%'); $select-join('users_data', 'users_table.id = user_id', array('first_name', 'last_name')); return $this-fetchAll($select); } This is close, but not right as it uses AND to add the extra WHERE statements, instead of OR. Is there any way to do this as one select? Or should I perform 3 selects and combine the results (alot more overhead?)? P.S. The parameter $like that is past is sanitized so don't need to wory about user input in the code above!

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• Trapping errors in TClientDataSet.CommandText

  - by Rob McDonell

  I have a TClientDataSet connected to a TDataSetProvider, which in turn is connected to a TAdsTable. I set the SQL command and then open the ClientDataset something like this: try CDS.CommandText := 'SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE fieldname = 1'; CDS.Open except // trap exception here - this never gets executed! end; If the SQL statement in CommandText fails, however (syntax error or whatever) I get an exception within the Advantage code, but it never gets caught in my own exception handling code. Is there any way for me to trap this error and report it nicely to the user. Alternatively is there a way to verify the syntax of an SQL query before executing it? I'm using Delphi Pro 2009, and Advantage Local Server 9.

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• How to pass a string containing both single and double quotes as a parameter to XSLT in PHP?

  - by Boaz

  Hi, I have a simple PHP-based XSLT trasform code that looks like that: $xsl = new XSLTProcessor(); $xsl->registerPHPFunctions(); $xsl->setParameter("","searchterms", $searchterms); $xsl->importStylesheet($xslDoc); echo $xsl->transformToXML($doc); The code passes the variable $searchterms, which contains a string, as a parameter to the XSLT style sheet which in turns uses it as a text: <title>search feed for <xsl:value-of select="$searchterms"/></title> This works fine until you try to pass a string with mixes in it, say: $searchterms = '"some"'." text's quotes are mixed." In that point the XSLT processor screams: Cannot create XPath expression (string contains both quote and double-quotes) What is the correct way to safely pass arbitrary strings as input to XSLT? Note that these strings will be used as a text value in the resulting XML and not as an XPATH paramater. Thanks, Boaz

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• J: Self-reference in bubble sort tacit implementation

  - by Yasir Arsanukaev

  Hello people! Since I'm beginner in J I've decided to solve a simple task using this language, in particular implementing the bubblesort algorithm. I know it's not idiomatically to solve such kind of problem in functional languages, because it's naturally solved using array element transposition in imperative languages like C, rather than constructing modified list in declarative languages. However this is the code I've written: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # Let's apply it to an array: (((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 The thing that confuses me is $: referring to the statement within the outermost parentheses. Help says that: $: denotes the longest verb that contains it. The other book (~ 300 KiB) says: 3+4 7 5*20 100 Symbols like + and * for plus and times in the above phrases are called verbs and represent functions. You may have more than one verb in a J phrase, in which case it is constructed like a sentence in simple English by reading from left to right, that is 4+6%2 means 4 added to whatever follows, namely 6 divided by 2. Let's rewrite my code snippet omitting outermost ()s: ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 Reuslts are the same. I couldn't explain myself why this works, why only ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is treated as the longest verb for $: but not the whole expression ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) ^: # and not just (<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.), because if ((<./@(2&{.)), $:@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#) is a verb, it should also form another verb after conjunction with #, i. e. one might treat the whole sentence (first snippet) as a verb. Probably there's some limit for the verb length limited by one conjunction. Look at the following code (from here): factorial =: (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<) factorial 4 24 factorial within expression refers to the whole function, i. e. (* factorial@<:) ^: (1&<). Following this example I've used a function name instead of $:: bubblesort =: (((<./@(2&{.)), bubblesort@((>./@(2&{.)),2&}.)) ^: (1<#)) ^: # bubblesort 5 3 8 7 2 2 3 5 7 8 I expected bubblesort to refer to the whole function, but it doesn't seem true for me since the result is correct. Also I'd like to see other implementations if you have ones, even slightly refactored. Thanks.

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