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  • selective backup script in bash

    - by Sake
    Hi, I've been using this simple command (that's all I can do :) to backup the whole tree from my user data in NAS server for a year. cp -r /STORAGE /BACKUP-STORAGE/YYYY-MM-DD Unfortunately, after a year of service. My user start filling the spaces with lot of photo and cliparts (jpg, gif, bmp) And that start to make my backup process get much slower. The space is also a big issue. Now I no longer have enough space for a week-long daily backup set. I think I want to change from backup everything to backup only non-image data. How can I exclude jpg, gif, and bmp from the backup ? It's quite easy with DOS XCOPY command, but I really have no idea how to do that in bash. Thanks

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  • Can you have more than one ~/.ssh/config file?

    - by DrewVS
    We have a bastion server that we use to connect to multiple hosts, and our .ssh/config has grown to over a thousand lines (we have hundreds of hosts that we connect to). This is beginning to get a little unwieldy and I'd like to know if there is a way to break the .ssh/config file up into multiple files. Ideally, we'd specify somewhere that other files would be treated as an .ssh/config file, possibly like: ~/.ssh/config ~/.ssh/config_1 ~/.ssh/config_2 ~/.ssh/config_3 ... I have read the documentation on ssh/config, and I don't see that this is possible. But maybe someone else has had a similar issue and has found a solution.

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  • Why do strace/truss sometimes 'fix' stuck processes?

    - by Emmel
    Sometimes you have a stuck process that's been stuck for a while, and as soon as you go to poke at it with strace/truss just to see what's going on, it gets magically unstuck and continues to run! So from merely 'observing' these programs have some impact in the running of the stuck programs .. what's happening here? Did strace (I guess via ptrace(2)?) send a signal, causing the program to cease blocking, or such? I've seen this several times -- most recently on Linux RHEL 4 (and a Perl script mucking with processes and doing some network IO in that case), but in a few other contexts as well. Unfortunately, I can't reproduce this, as it times to happen ... in times of crisis. But my curiosity remains. :-) Any elucidation appreciated.

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  • Local links ( in browsers ) on *nix systems

    - by meder
    On Windows I can access files directly from the browser ( or at least I have it configured currently, forget if it was native like this ) with the file:// protocol, so I can access files from say the C drive. I'm wondering what the equivalent would be to accessing my files from the browser, if at all possible on a *nix system such as Debian.

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  • How can I suppress /etc/issue without losing error messages?

    - by Andy
    Is it possible to tell the ssh client to not print the connects of /etc/issue to stdout when connecting to a remote host, but to print out any other diagnostic (e.g. error) messages? Either using ssh -q or having LogLevel quiet in ~/.ssh/config suppresses the /etc/issue printing, but also turn off error messages. I've tried touching ~/.hushlogin as well - that stops /etc/motd being printed, but doesn't affect /etc/issue. The most obvious solution is just to remove /etc/issue, but company policy dictates the file be there with dire warnings about unauthorised access. This is non-negotiable. Unfortunately, I've got a bunch of scripts that run across quite a few hosts via ssh, and the log files are a) very large and b) full of legalese. Since quite a lot of stuff runs unattended, I don't want to lose any error messages that are printed.

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  • Why does VIM say there is trailing whitespace on this command?

    - by Jesse Atkinson
    I am trying to write a beautify CSS command in vim that sorts and alphabetizes all of the CSS properties as well as checks to see if there is not a space after the colon and inserts one. Here is my code: nnoremap <leader>S :g#\({\n\)\@<=#.,/}/sort | %s/:\(\S\)/: \1/g<CR> :command! SortCSSBraceContents :g#\({\n\)\@<=#.,/}/sort | %s/:\(\S\)/: \1/g These work independently. However, I am trying to pipe them into one command. On save VIM says: Error detected while processing /var/home/jesse-atkinson/.vimrc: line 196: E488: Trailing characters Any ideas?

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  • How do I get grep color in the file names before each match?

    - by chimerical
    If I run grep -ir "somethingtomatch" . from the current directory, I typically get results like this: ./some/path/file1.html: filecontent filecontent keyword filecontent ./some/path/file2.html: filecontent filecontent filecontent keyword ./some/path/file3.html: filecontent keyword filecontent filecontent ./some/path/file4.html: keyword filecontent filecontent filecontent I used grep --color=auto -ir 'somethingtomatch" . but it only highlights the keywords in white on a red highlight. I'm trying to get file names on the left color-coded too. How do I do that? I'm using Terminal.app in OS X with bash and xterm (and I tried xterm-color too).

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  • pam_exec.so PAM module does not export variable PAM_USER as stated in the documentation

    - by davidparks21
    I'm trying to use the pam_exec.so PAM module to execute a script which needs to know the username/password coming from the application (OpenVPN in this case). I have a script that executes printenv >>afile, but I don't see all the environment variables that the man pages states that pam_exec.so exports (namely PAM_USER I think), I only see the following: PAM_SERVICE=openvpn PAM_TYPE=auth PWD=/usr/local/openvpn/bin SHLVL=1 A__z="*SHLVL I do successfully pick up the password off of STDIN and output it with this same script. But for the life of me I can't get the username. Any thoughts on what I should try next?

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  • Command line safety tricks

    - by deadprogrammer
    Command line and scripting is dangerous. Make a little typo with rm -rf and you are in a world of hurt. Confuse prod with stage in the name of the database while running an import script and you are boned (if they are on the same server, which is not good, but happens). Same for noticing too late that the server name where you sshed is not what you thought it was after funning some commands. You have to respect the Hole Hawg. I have a few little rituals before running risky commands - like doing a triple take check of the server I'm on. Here's an interesting article on rm safety. What little rituals, tools and tricks keeps you safe on the command line? And I mean objective things, like "first run ls foo*, look at the output of that and then substitute ls with rm -rf to avoid running rm -rf foo * or something like that", not "make sure you know what the command will do".

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  • How to avoid tilde ~ in Bash prompt?

    - by Jirka
    Hello! I have set my prompt in bash in a such way that I can use it directly in scp command: My current PS1 string: PS1="\h:\w\n$" And the prompt looks like this: lnx-hladky:/tmp/plugtmp $ What I don't like at all is the fact that $HOME directory is displayed as tilde. Can this be avoided? It's causing problems when switching between different users. Example: lnx-hladky:~/DOC $ Documentation says: \w : the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde \W: the basename of the current working directory, with $HOME abbreviated with a tilde Is there any possibility to avoid $HOME being abbreviated with a tilde? I have found one way around but I feel like it's overcomplicated: PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\e[4;35m$(date +%T)\e[24m$(whoami)@$(hostname):$(pwd)\e[m\n"' PS1=$ Can anyone propose a better solution? I have a feeling it's not quite OK to run so many commands just to get prompt. (date,whoami,hostname,pwd). Thanks a lot! Jirka

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  • How to run node.js app on port 80? Are processes blocking my port?

    - by Lucas
    I believe the port 80 on my remote instance is blocked, and I am trying to run a node.js app using port 80. I have experimented with ports 3000 and 3002, and both ports are working fine, but I get an error when running on port 80. I suspect port 80 is blocked from my output of netstat -an below, but how can I find the process id's of the addresses that are blocking port 80 below? [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51108 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51106 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51106 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51107 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:3002 174.61.171.61:36583 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51109 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42423 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51108 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 532 10.240.241.116:22 174.61.171.61:56824 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51107 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42412 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51109 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51105 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42422 169.254.169.254:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51105 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49948 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 10.240.241.116:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 :::12151 :::* udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 405680 /tmp/ssh-KdkxJfFLpKTC/agent.22 813 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 408230 /tmp/ssh-ofUeNNEwAqtP/agent.22 243 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 416227 /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 3692 /run/udev/control unix 7 [ ] DGRAM 5286 /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5318 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16170 /tmp//tmux-1000/default unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 414450 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socke And here is the log when trying to run on port 80 with node.js: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ npm start > [email protected] start /home/lucas/node/nodetest1 > node ./bin/www events.js:72 throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event ^ Error: listen EACCES at errnoException (net.js:904:11) at Server._listen2 (net.js:1023:19) at listen (net.js:1064:10) at Server.listen (net.js:1138:5) at Function.app.listen (/home/lucas/node/nodetest1/node_modules/express/lib/applicati on.js:532:24) at Object.<anonymous> (/home/lucas/node/nodetest1/bin/www:7:18) at Module._compile (module.js:456:26) at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10) at Module.load (module.js:356:32) at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12) npm ERR! [email protected] start: `node ./bin/www` npm ERR! Exit status 8 npm ERR! npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] start script. npm ERR! This is most likely a problem with the nodetest1 package, npm ERR! not with npm itself. npm ERR! Tell the author that this fails on your system: npm ERR! node ./bin/www npm ERR! You can get their info via: npm ERR! npm owner ls nodetest1 npm ERR! There is likely additional logging output above. npm ERR! System Linux 3.13-0.bpo.1-amd64 npm ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "start" npm ERR! cwd /home/lucas/node/nodetest1 npm ERR! node -v v0.10.28 npm ERR! npm -v 1.4.9 npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE npm ERR! npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in: npm ERR! /home/lucas/node/nodetest1/npm-debug.log npm ERR! not ok code 0 And sudo netstat -lnp does not return any matching port 80's: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ sudo netstat -lnp [48/648] Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Progr am name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29160/mon god tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1976/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1976/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49948 0.0.0.0:* 1604/dhcl ient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 1604/dhcl ient udp 0 0 10.240.241.116:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp6 0 0 :::12151 :::* 1604/dhcl ient udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* 2076/ntpd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 405680 22814/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-K dkxJfFLpKTC/agent.22813 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 408230 24049/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-o fUeNNEwAqtP/agent.22243 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 416227 29160/mongod /tmp/mongo db-27017.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 3692 284/udevd /run/udev/ control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5318 1798/acpid /var/run/a cpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16170 5177/tmux /tmp//tmux -1000/default unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 414450 28213/dbus-daemon /var/run/d bus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 404225 22324/1 /tmp/ssh-9 TlDmu4bjl/agent.22324

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  • Is it possible to format ps RSS (memory) output to be more human friendly?

    - by metasoarous
    Executing ps ux returns a nice list of process information, easy to grep through or watch. However, there doesn't seem to be much flexibility in the memory usage output; the RSS (resident set size) is printed in kB, which for large processes is hard to read (especially at a glance), and %MEM gives 100 × RSS / system_memory. The du utility has a lovely -h flag which prints space in a more user friendly fashion. I have not been able to find anything equivalent for ps. Is there a special formatting trick that can accomplish this?

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  • "eject" command not working..

    - by shadyabhi
    shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ eject -v eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/media/cdrom' eject: `/media/cdrom' is a link to `/media/cdrom0' eject: `/media/cdrom0' is not mounted eject: `/media/cdrom0' is not a mount point eject: tried to use `/media/cdrom0' as device name but it is no block device eject: unable to find or open device for: `cdrom' shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ The tray doesnt open.. How do I open tray using command line?

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  • Apache is running but there is no page displayed

    - by Michael Ozeryansky
    I am on a Mac OSX and I am using the built in PHP and Apache2. I have been setting up MySQL and finally when I got MySQL working my local site won't display. Do note that I did have the web server running and delivering PHP enabled pages, just no database connection. But my question is not about MySQL. I have changed various settings in the 'http.conf' file, and I have the line: '127.0.0.1 localhost' in my hosts file. I also have other alias' pointing to 127.0.0.1. I have checked everything I could about Apache and I have made sure that any message in the error_log is ok. I currently have my errorLevel set to debug, so I get all the messages. At this point (HOURS of self fixing) I think I need help. What can I provide for someone to figure this out with me. Thanks.

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  • failed to enable x11 forwarding

    - by Hunt
    I am trying to enable X11 forwarding on my server which is running on FreeBSD 7.1. I have a putty installed in my windows in which i have enabled X11 forwarding by checking on Enable X11 forwarding and specifying following parameter X display location localhost:0 after that i run putty and checked whether X11 is enabled or not by typing following command echo "$DISPLAY" or echo $DISPLAY but i am getting following error DISPLAY: Undefined variable. Even i have installed XManager but in that also i am getting following error The X11 forwarding request was rejected ! To solve this problem, please turn on the X11 forwarding features of the remote SSH server can anyone suggest me how to get rid off this ?

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