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How can find the USB wireless adapter into the dmesg log file?

- by AndreaNobili

I am pretty new in Linux (RaspBian for RaspBerry Pi but I think that there are not difference) and I have to install an USB wireless network adapter (the product is the TP-Link TL-WN725N, this one: http://www.tp-link.it/products/details/?model=TL-WN725N ) Now, I think that this is not automatically recognized by my system because if I execute ifconfig command I obtain the following output: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 inet addr:192.168.1.8 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:475 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:424 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:34195 (33.3 KiB) TX bytes:89578 (87.4 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So now it see only my ethernet network interface and not the wireless. So I was thinkig to try to see into the dmesg, but I don't know what have I to see and how to select it into the dmesg output. For example by the following command I can see the line of the dmesg log file relate to my ethernet port: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /var/log/dmesg |grep -i eth [ 3.177620] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: register 'smsc95xx' at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.1, smsc95xx USB 2.0 Ethernet, b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 [ 18.030389] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup [ 19.642167] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 But what can I try to search for the USB wireless adapter? Tnx

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Checksum for Protecting Read-Only Documents

- by Kim

My father owns a small business and has to hand over several year's worth of financial documents to his insurance's auditor. He's asked me to go through and make sure everything is "read-only" so the data (the files) absolutely, positively cannot be modified or manipulated (he's a bit paranoid). We're talking about 20,000 documents (emails, spreadsheets, etc.). My first inclination was to place everything inside of one root folder ("mydadsdocs/") and then write a script that recursively traversed its directory subtree and set the file permissions to read-only. But then I got to thinking: that's a lot of work for me to do to satisfy an old man who is just being paranoid, and afterall, if someone really wanted to modify a read-only file, it would be pretty easy to change file permissions anyways, soo.... Is there like a checksum I could run on the root folder, something that was very quick and easy, and that would basically "stamp" the data in that folder so if someone did change it, my father would have someone of knowing/proving it? If so, how? If not, any other recommendations that are quick, cheap (free) and effective?

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What's the difference between Host and HostName in SSH Config?

- by Bill Jobs

The man page says this: Host Host Restricts the following declarations (up to the next Host keyword) to be only for those hosts that match one of the patterns given after the keyword. If more than one pattern is provided, they should be separated by whitespace. A single `*' as a pattern can be used to provide global defaults for all hosts. The host is the hostname argument given on the command line (i.e. the name is not converted to a canonicalized host name before matching). A pattern entry may be negated by prefixing it with an exclamation mark (`!'). If a negated entry is matched, then the Host entry is ignored, regardless of whether any other patterns on the line match. Negated matches are therefore useful to provide exceptions for wildcard matches. See PATTERNS for more information on patterns. HostName HostName Specifies the real host name to log into. This can be used to specify nicknames or abbreviations for hosts. If the hostname contains the character sequence `%h', then this will be replaced with the host name specified on the command line (this is useful for manipulating unqualified names). The default is the name given on the com- mand line. Numeric IP addresses are also permitted (both on the command line and in HostName specifications). For example, when I want to create an SSH Config for GitHub, what should Host and HostName be respectively?

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Advice needed: warm backup solution for SQL Server 2008 Express?

- by Mikey Cee

What are my options for achieving a warm backup server for a SQL Server Express instance running a single database? Sitting beside my production SQL Server 2008 Express box I have a second physical box currently doing nothing. I want to use this second box as a warm backup server by somehow replicating my production database in near real time (a little bit of data loss is acceptable). The database is very small and resources are utilized very lightly. In the case that the production server dies, I would manually reconfigure my application to point to the backup server instead. Although Express doesn't support log shipping natively, I am thinking that I could manually script a poor man's version of it, where I use batch files to take the logs and copy them across the network and apply them to the second server at 5 minute intervals. Does anyone have any advice on whether this is technically achievable, or if there is a better way to do what I am trying to do? Note that I want to avoid having to pay for the full version of SQL Server and configure mirroring as I think it is an overkill for this application. I understand that other DB platforms may present suitable options (eg. a MySQL Cluster), but for the purposes of this discussion, let's assume we have to stick to SQL Server.

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VNC as a Support Tool Over the Internet

- by dosboy

I'd like to set up an environment where I can use VNC to remotely support my clients over the internet. No VPNs involved. I've used the UltraVNC repeater in the past, but the problem is that it requires a dedicated Windows server. What I'd like to do is as follows: VNC Client (me) - NAT - Internet - NAT - VNC Server (the person I'm offering support to) I'd basically like the same functionality that the UltraVNC repeater offers, but the only internet environment I have to host something on is a Linux shared server (standard hosting - PHP, Apache, etc.). Requirements: Multiple platform support for both Client and Server - specifically Mac and Windows Allows for connection with multiple NATs involved (Client and Server side) Will allow me to use my existing hosting environment for any repeater that might be involved I believe the way this would work is that the Server (the person I'm offering support to) when online would connect to a listener on the internet. When they needed support I would connect my Client to the same listener, see them connected, and use the listener (man-in-the-middle) to piggyback my Client to connect to their Server. I'm open to using any software (not limiting myself to VNC) but would prefer a FOSS solution (which is why I'm leaning towards VNC). Any advice would be greatly appreciated.

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Postfix Postscreen: how to use postscreen for smtp and smtps both

- by petermolnar

I'm trying to get postscreen work. I've followed the man page and it's already running correctly for smtp. But it I want to use it for smtps as well (adding the same line as smtp in master.cf but with smtps) i receive failure messages in syslog like: postfix/postscreen[8851]: fatal: btree:/var/lib/postfix/postscreen_cache: unable to get exclusive lock: Resource temporarily unavailable Some say that postscreen can only run once; that's ok. But can I use the same postscreen session for both smtp and smtps? If not, how to enable postscreen for smtps as well? Any help would be apprecieted! The parts of the configs: main.cf postscreen_access_list = permit_mynetworks, cidr:/etc/postfix/postscreen_access.cidr postscreen_dnsbl_threshold = 8 postscreen_dnsbl_sites = dnsbl.ahbl.org*3 dnsbl.njabl.org*3 dnsbl.sorbs.net*3 pbl.spamhaus.org*3 cbl.abuseat.org*3 bl.spamcannibal.org*3 nsbl.inps.de*3 spamrbl.imp.ch*3 postscreen_dnsbl_action = enforce postscreen_greet_action = enforce master.cf (full) smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen tlsproxy unix - - n - 0 tlsproxy dnsblog unix - - n - 0 dnsblog ### the problematic line ### smtps inet n - - - - smtpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp relay unix - - - - - smtp showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=virtuser:virtuser argv=/usr/bin/spamc -e /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} -f {sender}

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Find out the type of an automounted device

- by Steve Bennett

I'm working on a system (Ubuntu Precise) with a mount defined in /etc/fstab as follows: /dev/vdb /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2 Originally I just wanted to find out if it's NFS (due to potential MySQL locking issues). Judging from man mount, it's not: If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is specified, mount will try to guess the desired type. Mount uses the blkid library for guessing the filesystem type; if that does not turn up anything that looks familiar, mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems, or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems. All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read /proc/filesystems afterwards. But, out of curiosity now, how can I find out more about what type of device it actually is? (For context, this is a VM running on OpenStack. The device is a 60Gb allocation mounted from somewhere - but I don't know how.)` EDIT Including answers here: $ mount /dev/vdb on /mnt type ext3 (rw,_netdev) $ df -T /dev/vdb ext3 61927420 2936068 55845624 5% /mnt

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554 5.7.1 <mail_addr>: Relay access denied centos postfix

- by Relicset

I have problem in send mail from postfix in centos I have following setup mail server postfix for sending mail but I am getting error. As in the link I tried following commands telnet localhost smtp Trying ::1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mydomain.com ESMTP Postfix ehlo localhost 250-mydomain.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:<domain.com> 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:<[email protected]> 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied Edit-1 In terminal this works echo TEST | mail -v -s "Test mail" [email protected] my postconf -n shows belog information alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = dummy.com myhostname = dummy.com mynetworks = all mynetworks_style = host myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 What configuration I have to perform to send mails from my server.

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Why can a local root turn into any LDAP user?

- by Daniel Gollás

I know this has been asked here before, but I am not satisfied with the answers and don't know if it's ok to revive and hijack an older question. We have workstations that authenticate users on an LDAP server. However, the local root user can su into any LDAP user without needing a password. From my perspective this sounds like a huge security problem that I would hope could be avoided at the server level. I can imagine the following scenario where a user can impersonate another and don't know how to prevent it: UserA has limited permissions, but can log into a company workstation using their LDAP password. They can cat /etc/ldap.conf and figure out the LDAP server's address and can ifconfig to check out their own IP address. (This is just an example of how to get the LDAP address, I don't think that is usually a secret and obscurity is not hard to overcome) UserA takes out their own personal laptop, configures authentication and network interfaces to match the company workstation and plugs in the network cable from the workstation to their laptop, boots and logs in as local root (it's his laptop, so he has local root) As root, they su into any other user on LDAP that may or may not have more permissions (without needing a password!), but at the very least, they can impersonate that user without any problem. The other answers on here say that this is normal UNIX behavior, but it sounds really insecure. Can the impersonated user act as that user on an NFS mount for example? (the laptop even has the same IP address). I know they won't be able to act as root on a remote machine, but they can still be any other user they want! There must be a way to prevent this on the LDAP server level right? Or maybe at the NFS server level? Is there some part of the process that I'm missing that actually prevents this? Thanks!!

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FTP User cannot modify files but has correct permissions

- by Lothar_Grimpsenbacher

I have created a new user (foo) and when he logs in via ftp he cannot edit the files in the directory to which he has access. In the directory he can log into ls -l gives me: -rw-rw-r-- 1 root www-pub 6427 Nov 17 04:21 index.html The user belongs to the group www-pub. Here is the output of cat /etc/group to demonstrate that he is indeed in that group: ... www-pub:x:1001:ftpuser,www-data,foo foo:x:1002: *edit the permissions on the containing directory are: drwxrwsr-x 5 root www-pub 4096 Nov 17 02:53 thecontainingdir and the one above that: drwxrwsr-x 49 root www-pub 4096 Nov 16 02:40 thenextdirup So since he can log in via ftp and since the file he needs to edit has the correct permissions to let the group www-pub read and write the file and he is a member of that group, why can't he edit it (or upload anything)? Only when I change the file to 777 can he edit it. It's as if he's NOT in the group... but he is! What's going on?

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Passwordless SSH not working - keys copied and permissions set

- by Comcar

I know this question has been asked, but I'm certain I've done what all the other answers suggest. Machine A: used keygen -t rsa to create id_rsa.pub in ~/.ssh/ copied Machine A's id_rsa.pub to Machine B user's home directory Made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 Machine B added Machine A's pub key to authorised_keys and authorised_keys2: cat ~/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorised_keys2 made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 I've also ensured both the .ssh directories have the permission 700 on both machine A and B. If I try to login to machine B from machine A, I get asked for the password, not the ssh pass phrase. I've got the root users on both machines to talk to each other using password-less ssh, but I can't get a normal user to do it. Do the user names have to be the same on both sides? Or is there some setting else where I've missed. Machine A is a Ubuntu 10.04 virtual machine running inside VirtualBox on a Windows 7 PC, Machine B is a dedicated Ubuntu 9.10 server UPDATE : I've run ssh with the option -vvv, which provides many many lines of output, but this is the last few commands: debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '192.168.1.19' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 504/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1015 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1063 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7ffe1baab9d0) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password

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VNC error: "Could not connect to session bus: Failed to connect to socket"

- by GJ

I started a vncserver on display :1 on an ubuntu machine. When I connect to it, I get a grey X window with an error message Could not connect to session bus: Failed to connect to socket. The vnc log is: Xvnc Free Edition 4.1.1 - built Apr 9 2010 15:59:33 Copyright (C) 2002-2005 RealVNC Ltd. See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC. Underlying X server release 40300000, The XFree86 Project, Inc Sun Mar 20 15:33:59 2011 vncext: VNC extension running! vncext: Listening for VNC connections on port 5901 vncext: created VNC server for screen 0 error opening security policy file /etc/X11/xserver/SecurityPolicy Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/, removing from list! Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, removing from list! Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/, removing from list! Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, removing from list! Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/, removing from list! cat: /var/run/gdm/auth-for-link2-eGnVvf/database: No such file or directory gnome-session[24880]: WARNING: Could not make bus activated clients aware of DISPLAY=:1.0 environment variable: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-FhdHHIq8jt: Connection refused gnome-session[24880]: WARNING: Could not make bus activated clients aware of GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated environment variable: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-FhdHHIq8jt: Connection refused gnome-session[24880]: WARNING: Could not make bus activated clients aware of SESSION_MANAGER=local/dell:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/24880,unix/dell:/tmp/.ICE-unix/24880 environment variable: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-FhdHHIq8jt: Connection refused Sun Mar 20 15:34:10 2011 Connections: accepted: 0.0.0.0::51620 SConnection: Client needs protocol version 3.8 SConnection: Client requests security type VncAuth(2) VNCSConnST: Server default pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565 VNCSConnST: Client pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565 gnome-session[24880]: Gtk-CRITICAL: gtk_main_quit: assertion `main_loops != NULL' failed gnome-session[24880]: CRITICAL: dbus_g_proxy_new_for_name: assertion `connection != NULL' failed Any ideas how to fix it?

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Compile PHP 5.3.2 with intl extension on Snow Leopard 10.6.3

- by fsb

Does anyone have some tips on compiling PHP's intl extension on PHP? I'm getting compile errors each way I try it and I've been googling for ages and getting nowhere. Any help greatly appreciated. When make gets to the huge gcc command to compile libphp5.bundle, I get the following error: Undefined symbols: "___gxx_personality_v0", referenced from: icu_4_2::MessageFormatAdapter::getArgTypeList(icu_4_2::MessageFormat const&, int&)in msgformat_helpers.o _umsg_parse_helper in msgformat_helpers.o _umsg_format_arg_count in msgformat_helpers.o _umsg_format_helper in msgformat_helpers.o CIE in msgformat_helpers.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [libs/libphp5.bundle] Error 1 My compile commands are: MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6 CFLAGS="-arch x86_64 -g -Os -pipe -no-cpp-precomp" CCFLAGS="-arch x86_64 -g -Os -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-arch x86_64 -g -Os -pipe" LDFLAGS="-arch x86_64 -bind_at_load" export CFLAGS CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS CCFLAGS MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --mandir=/usr/share/man \ --infodir=/usr/share/info \ --sysconfdir=/private/etc \ --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs \ --enable-cli \ --with-config-file-path=/etc \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --with-openssl=/usr \ --with-zlib=/usr \ --with-bz2=/usr \ --with-curl=/usr \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir=/src/jpeg/jpeg-local \ --with-png-dir=/usr/X11R6 \ --with-freetype-dir=/usr/X11R6 \ --with-xpm-dir=/usr/X11R6 \ --with-ldap=/usr \ --with-ldap-sasl=/usr \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-mbregex \ --with-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-mysql-sock=/var/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-iodbc=/usr \ --enable-shmop \ --with-snmp=/usr \ --enable-soap \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-sysvmsg \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-sysvshm \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-iconv-dir=/usr \ --with-xsl=/usr \ --with-pcre-regex=/src/pcre/pcre-local/usr/local \ --with-pcre-dir=/src/pcre/pcre-local/usr/local \ --with-icu-dir=/usr/local \ --enable-intl export EXTRA_CFLAGS="-lresolv" make

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Error in Bind9 named.conf file. Bind won't start.

- by tj111

I'm trying to setup a DNS server on an Ubuntu Server machine (10.04). I configured an entry in named.conf.local to test it, but when trying to restart bind9 I get the following error: * Starting domain name service... bind9 [fail] So I checked the output of syslog and this is what I get. May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: starting BIND 9.7.0-P1 -u bind May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: built with '--prefix=/usr' '--mandir=/usr/share/man' '--infodir=/usr/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc/bind' '--localstatedir=/var' '--enable-threads' '--enable-largefile' '--with-libtool' '--enable-shared' '--enable-static' '--with-openssl=/usr' '--with-gssapi=/usr' '--with-gnu-ld' '--with-dlz-postgres=no' '--with-dlz-mysql=no' '--with-dlz-bdb=yes' '--with-dlz-filesystem=yes' '--with-dlz-ldap=yes' '--with-dlz-stub=yes' '--with-geoip=/usr' '--enable-ipv6' 'CFLAGS=-fno-strict-aliasing -DDIG_SIGCHASE -O2' 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions' 'CPPFLAGS=' May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: adjusted limit on open files from 1024 to 1048576 May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: found 4 CPUs, using 4 worker threads May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: using up to 4096 sockets May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: loading configuration from '/etc/bind/named.conf' May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: /etc/bind/named.conf:10: missing ';' before 'include' May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: loading configuration: failure May 20 18:11:13 empression-server1 named[4700]: exiting (due to fatal error) So it thinks I have an error in the default named.conf file, which is pretty ridiculous. I went through it and deleted a blank line just for the hell of it, but I can't see how it figures there's an error in there. Note that before this I did have an error in named.conf.local, but it showed up properly in syslog and I fixed it, so it is reporting the correct file. Here is the contents of named.conf: // This is the primary configuration file for the BIND DNS server named. // // Please read /usr/share/doc/bind9/README.Debian.gz for information on the // structure of BIND configuration files in Debian, *BEFORE* you customize // this configuration file. // // If you are just adding zones, please do that in /etc/bind/named.conf.local include "/etc/bind/named.conf.options"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.local"; include "/etc/bind/named.conf.default-zones";

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How to check that all ZFS snapshots within a pool are without holds before destroying that pool

- by Graham Perrin

Question Already I can check each snapshot of a filesystem individually, manually. I would prefer to check all at once (all with a single command or script). Please: can that be done with a script? Background From the man page for zfs(8): zfs holds [-H] [-r] snapshot… … -r Specifies that a hold with the given tag is applied recursively to the snapshots of all descendent file systems. I wondered whether recent snapshots are treated as descendants of older snapshot. No: Last login: Sat Dec 8 09:02:26 on ttys003 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs hold experiment gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-12-08-081957 experiment Sat Dec 8 9:04 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$ zfs holds -r gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 NAME TAG TIMESTAMP gjp22@2012-10-28-212255 problem with LocalStorage for WOT for Safari Mon Oct 29 6:44 2012 macbookpro08-centrim:~ gjp22$

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How to extract terms from an HTML document

- by bookcasey

I have a HTML document filled with terms that I need to put into a spreadsheet. They follow this basic pattern: <ul> <li class="name"><a href="spot.html">Spot</a></li> <li class="type">Dog</li> <li class="color">Red</li> </ul> <ul> <li class="name"><a href="mittens.html">Mittens</a></li> <li class="type">Cat</li> <li class="color">Brown</li> </ul> <ul> <li class="name"><a href="squakers.html">Squakers</a></li> <li class="type">Little Parrot</li> <li class="color">Rainbow</li> </ul> It's very consistent. I need to extract the string within the li.name a (so, "Spot") but only if the type is "Dog" or "Parrot", and put them in a spreadsheet. I've been trying to use Sublime Text's ability to Find with regex, but I'm really struggling, and since regex and HTML usually don't play nice, I was wondering if there is a better and easier way to accomplish this. Thanks.

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What's up with stat on Mac OS X/Darwin? Or filesystems without names...

- by Charles Stewart

In response to a question I asked on SO, Give the mount point of a path, one respondant suggested using stat to get the device name associated with the volume of a given path. This works nicely on Linux, but gives crazy results on Mac OS X 10.4. For my system, df and mount give: cas cas$ df Filesystem 512-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/disk0s3 58342896 49924456 7906440 86% / devfs 194 194 0 100% /dev fdesc 2 2 0 100% /dev <volfs> 1024 1024 0 100% /.vol automount -nsl [166] 0 0 0 100% /Network automount -fstab [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/Servers automount -static [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/static /dev/disk2s1 163577856 23225520 140352336 14% /Volumes/Snapshot /dev/disk2s2 409404102 5745938 383187960 1% /Volumes/Sparse cas cas$ mount /dev/disk0s3 on / (local, journaled) devfs on /dev (local) fdesc on /dev (union) <volfs> on /.vol automount -nsl [166] on /Network (automounted) automount -fstab [170] on /automount/Servers (automounted) automount -static [170] on /automount/static (automounted) /dev/disk2s1 on /Volumes/Snapshot (local, nodev, nosuid, journaled) /dev/disk2s2 on /Volumes/Sparse (asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid) Trying to get the devices from the mount points, though: cas cas$ df | grep -e/ | awk '{print $NF}' | while read line; do echo $line $(stat -f"%Sdr" $line); done / disk0s3r /dev ???r /dev ???r /.vol ???r /Network ???r /automount/Servers ???r /automount/static ???r /Volumes/Snapshot disk2s1r /Volumes/Sparse disk2s2r Here, I'm feeding each of the mount points scraped from df to stat, outputting the results of the "%Sdr" format string, which is supposed to be the device name: Cf. stat(1) man page: The special output specifier S may be used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string format. May be used in combination with: ... dr Display actual device name. What's going on? Is it a bug in stat, or some Darwin VFS weirdness? Postscript Per Andrew McGregor, try passing "%Sd" to stat for more weirdness. It lists some apparently arbitrary subset of files from CWD...

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can't properly shutdown ubuntu and sound problem on HP mini 311 netbook

- by Viele

hi, I recently bought a HP mini 311 netbook. I replaced its harddrive and installed ubuntu 10.04. Since then, I have encountered some very strange problem with its sound and shutdown/reboot. At times, when I start the computer, it will have no sound, on the GUI the sound is at max, but no sound is available. This sometimes also happen after after upgrades, hibernate, and toggling the wireless radio button. Strangely, when the sound is out the device will also refuse to be shutdown. If I shutdown the computer using the GUI, it will simply go back to the log in screen without actually shutting down. If I use "sudo shutdown 0", the computer will hang on the loading screen of the shut down process. I had to force the pc to shutdown by holding the power button down. usually (probably always) after I force a turn-off then start off again. the sound and shutdown become normal. I wonder if anyone have clues regarding to the cause of this problem. This the info about the computer: 1) installed ubuntu 10.04LTS RC, later upgraded to formal released version. 2) cat /proc/asound/version == "Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.21." however, when doing 'alsaconf' the version displayed is 1.0.23 any help is appreciated. Thanks

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Join mp4 files in linux

- by Jose Armando

I want to join two mp4 files to create a single one. The video streams are encoded in h264 and the audio in aac. I can not re-encode the videos to another format due to computational reasons. Also, I cannot use any gui programs, all processing must be performed with linux command line utilities. FFmpeg cannot do this for mpeg4 files so instead I used MP4Box e.g. MP4Box -add video1.mp4 -cat video2.mp4 newvideo.mp4 unfortunately the audio gets all mixed up. I thought that the problem was that the audio was in aac so I transcoded it in mp3 and used again MP4Box. In this case the audio is fine for the first half of newvideo.mp4 (corresponding to video1.mp4) but then their is no audio and I cannot navigate in the video also. My next thought was that the audio and video streams had some small discrepancies in their lengths that I should fix. So for each input video I splitted the video and audio streams and then joined them with the -shortest option in ffmpeg. thus for the first video I ran avconv -y -i video1.mp4 -c copy -map 0:0 videostream1.mp4 avconv -y -i video1.mp4 -c copy -map 0:1 audiostream1.m4a avconv -y -i videostream1.mp4 -i audiostream1.m4a -c copy -shortest video1_aligned.mp4 similarly for the second video and then used MP4Box as previously. Unfortunately this didn't work either. The only success I had was when I joined the video streams separetely (i.e. videostream1.mp4 and videostream2.mp4) and the audio streams (i.e. audiostream1.m4a and audiostream2.m4a) and then joined the video and audio in a final file. However, the synchronization is lost for the second half of the video. Concretelly, there is a 1 sec delay of audio and video. Any suggestions are really welcome.

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NFS high CPU usage

- by user269836

Hello, I have a very strange issue. I have next server: Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 3.16GHz cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep proce | wc -l 8 free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 28203 27606 596 0 10789 9714 -/+ buffers/cache: 7103 21100 Swap: 24695 0 24695 RAID card *-storage description: RAID bus controller product: MegaRAID vendor: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic physical id: 7 bus info: pci@0000:13:07.0 logical name: scsi2 version: 01 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=megaraid latency=32 resources: irq:134 memory:d8ff0000-d8ffffff(prefetchable) memory:df600000-df60ffff(prefetchable) HDD: 10x148Gb SCSI U320 15k - RAID5 /dev/sdb1 807G 674G 93G 88% /storage /dev/sdb1 /storage ext4 defaults,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,noatime,nodiratime,noacl,errors=remount-ro 0 1 network cards ethtool -i eth0 driver: tg3 version: 3.116 firmware-version: 5704-v3.36, ASFIPMIc v2.36 bus-info: 0000:10:02.0 ethtool -i eth1 driver: tg3 version: 3.116 firmware-version: 5704-v3.36, ASFIPMIc v2.36 bus-info: 0000:10:02.0 ifconfig bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0f:1f:ff:d6:4d inet addr:192.168.15.71 Bcast:192.168.15.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20f:1fff:feff:d64d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1062818202 errors:0 dropped:3918 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1041317321 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:10000 RX bytes:258867684559 (241.0 GiB) TX bytes:396569192650 (369.3 GiB) this server running only nfs-kernel-server uname -a Linux nas2-backup 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 23 10:07:46 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux Debian 6. What do I have, once per day or two, LA goes up, it can be reached around LA: 40 but if I do: nfs-kernel-server restart. Every thing is OK. But on the next day or a little bit later, LA goes up again. Servers are connected to d-link dgs 1016d with 24 GBits ports. I have tried everything to find out what the problem is. Why it's happening, but still I can not resolve this issue. Any ideas on what is happening here?

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copying an lvm partition to a smaller disk, and renaming volume groups.

- by dlamblin

I was trying to shrink a vmdk (VMWare disk image) file to be as small as possible, and found two recommendations. The first is to cat /dev/zero into the fs then delete it, and run VMWare tools' shrink. This works okay. The second is to copy everything into a new vmdk. I went the second route. I did not use dd because I actaully want to use as few blocks as possible, instead of having a block-by-clok copy. Any unlinked files will still have blocks that aren't zeroed out. Secondly the centos image was mostly lvm, except for the boot partition, and my target was going to be 4gb instead of 8gb. I did use dd for the first 40mb to get the boot blocks and partition copied. I then used parted to create an identical primary boot, and smaller primary lvm. Then I used pvcreate on that device sdb2, vgcreate, and lvcreate to create a root and swap. I used mkfs.ext3fs on the root partition and then rsync -av / /2root excluding /proc /sys /2root /dev. So far everything went fine. My problem is that: The result is 2.7 GB while the source was 2.1 GB. This is weird to me. The second vgroup is called VolGroup01, while the original was called VolGroup00. How can I rename the VolGroup01 to VolGroup00 and swap it out after all this?

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Unable to get prosody running on Ubuntu 10.04 (lua issues)

- by user90374

All this is performed on Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS Server I installed LUA 5.1.4 following this procedure - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1874860 I installed prosody following this command (after downloading the package) - sudo dpkg -i prosody_0.8.2-1_i386.deb After installation, I get the following error: I have tried to use as suggested luarock and sudo apt-get install to fix these. But still it keeps showing me these errors. Selecting previously deselected package prosody. (Reading database ... 59416 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking prosody (from prosody_0.8.2-1_i386.deb) ... Setting up prosody (0.8.2-1) ... * Starting Prosody XMPP Server prosody ************** Prosody was unable to find luaexpat This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]keplerproject[dot]org/luaexpat/ Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install liblua5.1-expat0 luarocks: luarocks install luaexpat luaexpat is required for Prosody to run, so we will now exit. More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends ************ Prosody was unable to find luasocket This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]tecgraf[dot]puc-rio[dot]br/~diego/professional/luasocket/ Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install liblua5.1-socket2 luarocks: luarocks install luasocket luasocket is required for Prosody to run, so we will now exit. More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends ************ Prosody was unable to find LuaSec This package can be obtained in the following ways: Source: www[dot]inf[dot]puc-rio[dot]br/~brunoos/luasec/ Debian/Ubuntu: prosody[dot]im/download/start#debian_and_ubuntu luarocks: luarocks install luasec SSL/TLS support will not be available More help can be found on our website, at prosody[dot]im/doc/depends [fail] invoke-rc.d: initscript prosody, action "start" failed. dpkg: error processing prosody (--install): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Errors were encountered while processing: prosody Thanks a lot for your patience and answers.

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What's up with stat on Macos/Darwin? Or filesystems without names...

- by Charles Stewart

In response to a question I asked on SO, Give the mount point of a path, one respondant suggested using stat to get the device name associated with the volume of a given path. This works nicely on Linux, but gives crazy results on Macos 10.4. For my system, df and mount give: cas cas$ df Filesystem 512-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/disk0s3 58342896 49924456 7906440 86% / devfs 194 194 0 100% /dev fdesc 2 2 0 100% /dev 1024 1024 0 100% /.vol automount -nsl [166] 0 0 0 100% /Network automount -fstab [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/Servers automount -static [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/static /dev/disk2s1 163577856 23225520 140352336 14% /Volumes/Snapshot /dev/disk2s2 409404102 5745938 383187960 1% /Volumes/Sparse cas cas$ mount /dev/disk0s3 on / (local, journaled) devfs on /dev (local) fdesc on /dev (union) on /.vol automount -nsl [166] on /Network (automounted) automount -fstab [170] on /automount/Servers (automounted) automount -static [170] on /automount/static (automounted) /dev/disk2s1 on /Volumes/Snapshot (local, nodev, nosuid, journaled) /dev/disk2s2 on /Volumes/Sparse (asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid) Trying to get the devices from the mount points, though: cas cas$ df | grep -e/ | awk '{print $NF}' | while read line; do echo $line $(stat -f"%Sdr" $line); done / disk0s3r /dev ???r /dev ???r /.vol ???r /Network ???r /automount/Servers ???r /automount/static ???r /Volumes/Snapshot disk2s1r /Volumes/Sparse disk2s2r Here, I'm feeding each of the mount points scraped from df to stat, outputing the results of the "%Sdr" format string, which is supposed to be the device name: Cf. stat(1) man page: The special output specifier S may be used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string format. May be used in combination with: ... dr Display actual device name. What's going on? Is it a bug in stat, or some Darwin VFS weirdness? Postscript Per Andrew McGregor, try passing "%Sd" to stat for more weirdness. It lists some apparently arbitrary subset of files from CWD...

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tftpd-hpa service must be restarted before working after fresh boot

- by Steve

I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 inside a VirtualBox VM. I've installed tftpd-hpa so I can boot an embedded Linux device via tftp. My problem is that after a fresh boot of the VM, tftpd doesn't seem to work until I restart the service, after which is works great until the system is rebooted. The transcript below should explain the situation. EDIT: After the fresh boot, I execute netstat -a | grep tftp and find nothing. After restarting the service, the same command returns udp 0 0 *:tftp *:* (whitespace removed). I think this might be the key to the problem, I'm just not sure how to resolve it. I don't think it's related to this specific issue, but I had another problem with tftpd that was asked and answered in this question. steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ cat /etc/default/tftpd-hpa # /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/var/lib/tftpboot" TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure" steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l /var/lib/tftpboot total 8204 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34352 May 28 08:22 am335x-boneblack.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33206 May 28 08:22 am335x-bone.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41564 May 28 08:22 am335x-evm.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38048 May 28 08:22 am335x-evmsk.dtb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4117904 May 20 09:39 zImage -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4117616 May 28 08:22 zImage-am335x-evm.bin steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ tftp localhost tftp> get zImage Transfer timed out. tftp> quit steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ sudo service tftpd-hpa restart [sudo] password for steve: tftpd-hpa stop/waiting tftpd-hpa start/running, process 2106 steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ tftp localhost tftp> get zImage Received 4143798 bytes in 1.4 seconds tftp> quit steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$

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How do I make XTerm not use bold?

- by mike

I like using XTerm, I like its default "fixed" font, and I like using terminal colors rather than having a monochromatic terminal. However, XTerm seems to insist on using a bold version of the font whenever it's displaying a bright color: I hate hate hate the bold version of the font, but I like the brightness. The man page seems to suggest that adding "XTerm.VT100.boldMode:false" to my ~/.Xresources would disable this "feature", but it doesn't seem to have any effect. I've had it in there for months, so it's not a rebooting issue. How can I force XTerm to always use the standard, non-bold version of the fixed font, even when it's displaying bright text? Edit: Some have suggested putting "XTerm*boldMode: false" in my ~/.Xresources. That didn't help either. I've confirmed that the changes have taken effect with xrdb, though: $ xrdb -query | grep boldMode XTerm*boldMode: false And if i run xprop and click an xterm, I get "WM_CLASS(STRING) = "xterm", "XTerm"" .. so i'm definitely running real xterms. BTW, this is just a plain-vanilla Ubuntu Intrepid box. If anyone else here is running the same, can you try running: echo -e '#\e[1m#' ...and let me know whether the # on the right has a black pixel in the middle like the one on the left does?

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