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  • Equivalent of scp -l bandwidth_cap for .ssh/config?

    - by Mark Bennett
    Short form: You can limit the bandwidth the scp uses with the -l switch, you pass a number that's in kbits/sec. I'd rather set this in my .ssh/config file for certain names machines. What's the equivalent named setting for -l ? I haven't been able to find it. Followup question: Generally, not sure how to map back and forth between ssh command line options and config names, short of doing Google searches or manually comparing man pages on a case by case basis. Is there a table that directly equates the two? Longer form of first question, with context: I've started using ssh config quite a bit, especially now that I need to go through a proxy and do lots of port mappings. I even define the same machine more than once depending on what type of tunneling I need. However, when uploading a large file, it's difficult to do anything else on my machine. Even though I have more download bandwidth than up, I think that scp saturates the link so even my small requests can't reach the Internet. There's a fix for this, using the -l bandwidth command line switch for scp. scp -l 1000 bigfile.zip titan: I'd like to use this in my config instead, so I'd create an additional named entry called "titan-upload" and I'd use that as the target whenever I upload. So instead of: scp bigfile.zip titan: I'd say: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload Or even set different caps depending on where I am: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-home vs. scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-work I'm generally on Mac and Linux.

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  • Strange IP address showing up with OS X ssh

    - by user50799
    I was futzing around with DTrace on Mac OS X and found the following script that prints out information about connections being established: $ cat script.d syscall::connect:entry { printf("execname: %s\n", execname); printf("pid: %d\n", pid); printf("sockfd: %d\n",arg0); socks = (struct sockaddr*)copyin(arg1, arg2); hport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[0]; lport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[1]; hport <<= 8; port = hport + lport; printf("Port number: %d\n", port); printf("IP address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", socks->sa_data[2], socks->sa_data[3], socks->sa_data[4], socks->sa_data[5]); printf("======\n"); } I run it in one window: $ sudo dtrace -s ./script.d Then I ssh to another machine from another window. I get this output from my dtrace window: CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 3 Port number: 22 IP address: 192.168.0.207 ====== 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 5 Port number: 12148 IP address: 109.112.47.108 ====== ^C The first IP address I can explain (192.168.0.207), that's the machine I'm connecting to. But what's with the 109.112.47.108 machine? It doesn't show up in tcpdump nor netstat -an Is there something with my dtrace code or my understanding of how the connect system call works?

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  • Make reading more comfortable for the eyes

    - by Shiki
    First, I read the topics about displays. Sadly the "BenQ FP241WZ" is a no go, for ~715 eur it's way too much. I would need some ideas about how could I make reading less tiring. Basically I didn't have this problem back then. But now, I'm reading some books, and also, have to read a lot a day. (A LOT). I look like some hardcore 0-24 gamer when I "finish" :). Think about things like.. background color (like I read 'dark yellow' color + black tint helps), font size, fonts (!) cleartype settings (should be off?) and so on. Display: BenQ E2200 HD (yeah cheap, eek, etc. Poor-man's LCD. :)) My CRT display is far away at the minute. So that is out of question. Also, my ThinkPad is here (T500), but I don't know about it's display. It comes with 1280x800 resolution and that's all I know (you can search back from that the FRU number, but I couldn't find it now). What could I do? (Or basically everyone in such a situation?)

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  • How do I prevent a tar pipe from causing swapping?

    - by Jeff Shattock
    I have a rather large filesystem that I need to transfer from one Linux server to another. I figured the best way to do this was via a tar/netcat pipe arrangment, something like tar c . | pv | nc blah blah blah And it works great, the network stays fairly saturated, life is good. Until the source machine starts swapping. The files are on a raid on the source system, so the read speed is much faster than the write speed on the other end. Since the dest machine hasnt picked up the data yet, the source machine needs to stick it somewhere, so into RAM it goes, until there is no more free RAM. It then starts swapping, which is horribly painful since that machine has its OS installed on a somewhat slow CF card. Both machines have 4GB of physical ram, 64 bit Ubuntu 9.04 server. GigE link between them. How do I prevent this swapping? Can I put a "speed-limit" on the tar or netcat process so that the transfer speed doesn't overwhelm the write throughput on the destination end? The man pages didn't list anything, but there might be something I'm overlooking.

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  • Can't mount Linux usb disk. It just create /dev/sg device but no /dev/sd

    - by MTilsted
    I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata). Added: I did try to mount /dev/sg3 but mount say that its not a block device. (File say Its a character special device). Added output from dmesg: [ 97.454073] usb 7-1: USB disconnect, address 2 [ 105.913055] hub 2-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 3 [ 107.048054] usb 2-3: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5 [ 107.162900] usb 2-3: New USB device found, idVendor=1b1c, idProduct=1ab8 [ 107.162903] usb 2-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=5 [ 107.162906] usb 2-3: Product: CSSD-R60GB2 [ 107.162908] usb 2-3: Manufacturer: Corsair [ 107.162910] usb 2-3: SerialNumber: 10111441000000990069 [ 107.167651] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-3:1.0 [ 108.195543] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 PQ: 1 ANSI: 0 [ 108.197732] scsi 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0

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  • Backup data from RAID 1 disk out of its server

    - by Doomsday
    I'm facing with a pretty easy problem in my opinion. I've extracted a working disk from a RAID1 and I'm looking to copy only data (FS and RAID configuration doesn't matter) into another location (another FS). My problem is I'm not able to mount properly this disk into another linux. I've first looked the partition table : # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1249535699 624767818+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 1249535700 1250017649 240975 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1250017650 1250258624 120487+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris I've understood I should use dmraid tools. Once installed : # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S) 624767744 blocks unused devices: <none> And some other informations : # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 8f292f54:7e5aef72:7e5ab5fd:b348fd05 Creation Time : Mon Jun 2 03:39:41 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Array Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Tue Feb 7 22:34:59 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : a505b324 - correct Events : 15148 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 From here, I've tried to mount but I'm not comfortable with dmtools and how it's working. # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member' # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sdc1 mount: /dev/md0: can't read superblock I've seen some options to alter RAID array with mdadm but I only want to copy data on its filesystem before wiping them... Anyone has a clue ?

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  • OpenVPN bridge network from routed clients

    - by gphilip
    I have the following setup: subnet 1 - 10.0.1.0/24 with a machine used as NAT and also running an OpenVPN client subnet 2 - 192.168.1/24 with an OpenVPN server (the server in subnet 1 connect here) subnet 3 - 10.0.2.0/24 that uses the NAT machine (subnet 1) to access the internet, so all non-local traffic is routed there to the eth0 interface The OpenVPN client creates the tun0 interface and appropriate routing so that I can access machines from 192.168.1/24 [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... Connected to 192.168.1.186. Escape character is '^]'. [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.1 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 169.254.169.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 However, when I try the same from subnet 3, it can't reach that machine. [root@ip-10-0-2-61 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... I suspect that it's because subnet 3 is routed to eth0 on the NAT machine in subnet 1 and it cannot jump to tun0. What's the easiest way to resolve it? I don't want to use iptables. I can't change the routing from machines in subnet 1 because it's done in AWS and so it works only with specific interfaces. Also, the NAT machine gets its IP with DHCP and so bridging is a bit complicated. IP forwarding is set on the NAT machine [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 Thank you!

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  • 7ZIP - Command Line Compression | Can Never Keep it Simple

    - by OneTwoYou
    I've been Googleing for a few hours on how to just compress a file inside a directory and I can't find anything. I found how to just compress a folder in general. Now I wish to know how I can compress a folder in a folder with a file. Current code: 7zG.exe a -tzip "test.zip" dontcompressme/compressme/new.txt pause As you can see above, I don't want to compress the first folder, but only the second and what ever is within that folder. I have the 7zG.exe sitting in the main folder and I have some files that are three folders in, but I don't know how to only compress those. Here is my directory list: Folder One (don't compress) Folder Two (don't compress) Folder Three (okay to compress) Document One.txt (okay to compress) Document Two.txt (okay to compress) Index.html (okay to compress) Does anyone know how I can do this in the most simplest way ever invented by man? Cause whenever I go to a website using Google it goes throw all these methods on how to compress a folder, but not do it the way I wish it to do. It makes me kinda upset cause I can't get a simple and straight forward answer. Thank you if you answer my question.

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  • DHCPD (Slackware) - Disabling auto-generation of gateway as DNS server

    - by Dogbert
    Good day, I am using a Linux workstation on Slackware 13.37. One "problem" I have had to deal with ever since 11.0 is the following: DNS servers are queried and determined at startup by DHCP daemon (DHCPD) This is invoked at startup by a script located at /etc/rc.d/rc.dhcpd My DNS servers for my ISP are resolved correctly, and are stored in a list located at /etc/resolv.conf However, the one annoying problem is that my gateway IP (ie: 192.168.1.1) is always automatically put at the top of the list in resolv.conf, meaning I have to always wait for a timeout before a valid DNS server is used to resolve an address (ie: timeout on 192.168.1.1 because it is not actually a DNS server, then DHCP uses the next server in the list). I could lower my DNS resolution timeout so the gateway query times out quicker, but that's not what I want, as I don't want to degrade the abilities of legitimate DNS servers. What I would like to do is change how DHCPD operates so that it does NOT put my gateway IP address at the beginning of this list. I've searched via "man dhcpd", etc, and haven't found the exact answer yet. Any help on this issue is appreciated. Thank you all in advance for your time and assistance.

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  • daily rsync backups with hard links, checksums, and a new computer

    - by user75058
    I backup my laptop to a Fedora desktop daily using rsync with hard links. This has worked great for almost a year. I recently purchased a new computer, transferred over my data, and would like to continue backing up this computer daily. However, due to the data transfer from the old laptop to the new laptop, the timestamps have obviously changed, and will thus cause my daily rsync backup to re-transfer all of the data. I thought that by adding the -c (checksum) switch to my rsync backup it would match files based on checksum, instead of timestamp and size, and only transfer those files that are different or not present. This appeared to work, but upon examining the new backup, hard links are not being created, and it appears the files that should be hard linked are simply being copied to the new backup directory from the previous backup directory on the backup server. This is very peculiar behavior to me, and I am having trouble figuring out why this is occurring. Checksums match for files that I think should be hard linked. I have looked through the rsync man page and Google'd around a bit and have been unable to find anything for me to better understand this behavior.

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  • Postfix : outgoing mail in TLS for a specific domain

    - by vercetty92
    I am trying to configure postfix to send mail in TLS (starttls in fact), but only for a specific destination. I tried with "smtp_tls_policy_maps". This is the only line in my main.cf file regarding TLS configuration, but it seems not working. Here is my main.cf file: queue_directory = /opt/csw/var/spool/postfix command_directory = /opt/csw/sbin daemon_directory = /opt/csw/libexec/postfix html_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/html manpage_directory = /opt/csw/share/man sample_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/samples readme_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/README_FILES mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail sendmail_path = /opt/csw/sbin/sendmail newaliases_path = /opt/csw/bin/newaliases mailq_path = /opt/csw/bin/mailq mail_owner = postfix setgid_group = postdrop mydomain = ullink.net myorigin = $myhostname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost masquerade_domains = vercetty92.net alias_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases alias_database = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases transport_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/transport smtp_tls_policy_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy inet_interfaces = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 relayhost = smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 And here is my "tls_policy" file: gmail.com encrypt protocols=SSLv3:TLSv1 ciphers=high I also tried gmail.com encrypt My wish is to use TLS only for the gmail domain. With this configuration, I don't see any TLS line in the source of the mail. But if I tell postfix to use TLS if possible for all destination with this line, it works: smtp_tls_security_level = may Beause I can see this line in the source of my mail: (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); But I don't want to try to use TLS for the others domains...only for gmail... Do I miss something in my conf? (I also try whith "hash:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy", and it's the same) Thanks a lot in advance

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  • Can't access server sound card when vnc'd into ubuntu server

    - by Corey Kennedy
    I've set up my ubunutu 10 server with xfce, nxserver, and now tightvncserver so that I can control it remotely from my Windows 7 laptop. NX is working fine for remote access, but when I run (for example) exaile, no sound will be sent through the server's sound card. I installed tightvncserver and connected, but ran into the same problem. Exaile opens, sound isn't muted, I can see that sound cards are installed (via cat /proc/asound/cards), but I can't seem to get the remote sessions to access the server's sound card. Also, just to confirm that the sound card was working I hooked up a montior/keyboard to the server and opened a local xfce session. That worked fine. While I had the local session running, I was also able to open a remote session with NXClient and start exaile - which then successfully piped sound to the local card. After disconnecting the monitor/keyboard and moving the box back to its normal spot, though, I was not able to play sound via either an NX or VNC session. Does anyone have any suggestions? Surely it's possible to configure my remote sessions to pipe sound to the server's sound card, right? Or at least get xfce up and running without a monitor or keyboard but with access to the sound card so I can VNC into it? Thanks!

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  • clocksource tsc unstable

    - by amorfis
    Ok, now I have real server fault ;) After some time from booting (about one minute) my server hangs. All I can do is hard reset. Then after restart in /var/log/kern.log I can find: Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.729598] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.731252] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201461] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201482] longhaul: Disabling ACPI C3 support. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.204230] longhaul: Disabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416133] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416152] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.960048] Clocksource tsc unstable (delta = -105611479 ns) I found some resources on the net, and it said to change clocksource, or disable ACPI. I tried disabling ACPI but it didn't help (but I noticed there was longer time before hanging). I can't change clock to hpet, because my system doesn't have such one. Output of cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource: acpi_pm jiffies tsc My system is ubuntu server on VIA Epia hardware.

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  • How To Boot with "mem=1024m" Argument using GRUB - Ubuntu 10.04

    - by nicorellius
    I am still working on this question. This new one is a different question so I thought it would be good to post a new question. Is this the proper protocol or should I have just edited the other question? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 with the kernel 2.6.32-22-generic on a Toshiba Satellite laptop. When I enter the GRUB menu (I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed as well), I can choose which kernel to boot. I use scroll down to the one I want and press "e" and I expect to be able to enter mem=1024m and force the kernel to use this much memory. But when I run cat /proc/meminfo or look in the process manager after booting wth this argument I still see all the RAM: ~2 GB. Am I using this boot argument incorrectly? The boot configuration (before I add anything) looks like this: insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 10270f21-1c42-494b-bd3f-813c23f6d\ 518 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-22-generic root=UUID=10270f21-1c42-494b-b\ d3f-813c23f6d518 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-22-generic The way I did this was that I added the mem=1024m after the last line and pressed Ctrl+x (Emacs save and boot the kernel) and the system booted. I tried adding mem=1024m to the end and the beginning of this list and it appeared to not change the RAM allocation.

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  • KVM and libvirt: How to configure a new disc device to an existing VM?

    - by initall
    I've got an Ubuntu 9.04 server running two VM's. In /etc/libvirt/qemu/machine1.xml two disk devices are defined like this: <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk0.qcow2'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk1.qcow2'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> I need more storage space in at least one of the devices and thought about adding a third hdc device by simply adding one with same style as above and re-organising my mount structure (The virtual sizes of the current qcow2 files are unfortunately limited.) My problem is that reloading libvirtd and restarting the VM do not result in a new visible device (checked with fdisk). I'm aware of extending an existing qcow2 file (converting to raw format, cat-ing/adding the new one, using smth. like gparted) - but only as a last resort. Hopefully it's something very simple I'm missing?

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  • Macports install of ack doesn't create correct executable

    - by user1664196
    I am trying to install p5-app-ack port from Mac Ports, but it seems it doesn't create a /opt/local/bin/ack binary at the end: $ sudo port search *app-ack Password: p5-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.8-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.10-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.12-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.14-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.16-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories Found 6 ports. $ perl --version This is perl 5, version 12, subversion 4 (v5.12.4) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level Copyright 1987-2010, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page. $ sudo port install p5-app-ack ---> Computing dependencies for p5-app-ack ---> Cleaning p5-app-ack ---> Updating database of binaries: 100.0% ---> Scanning binaries for linking errors: 35.0% ---> No broken files found. $ $ ls /opt/local/bin/ac* /opt/local/bin/ack-5.12 /opt/local/bin/aclocal /opt/local/bin/aclocal-1.12 /opt/local/bin/activation-client /opt/local/bin/acyclic $ which ack $ ack -bash: ack: command not found Update If I then try to install p5.12-app-ack afterwards, I get $ sudo port install p5.12-app-ack Password: ---> Computing dependencies for p5.12-app-ack ---> Cleaning p5.12-app-ack ---> Scanning binaries for linking errors: 100.0% ---> No broken files found. $

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  • dnsmasq Client TTL

    - by user548971
    I have a situation where my hosts file is constantly changing. Because of this I don't want clients to cache ip addresses resolved using the hosts file. Here is the command that starts dnsmasq for me: /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -K -R -y -Z -b -E -S 8.8.8.8 -l /tmp/dhcp.leases -r /tmp/resolv.conf.auto --stop-dns-rebind --rebind-localhost-ok --dhcp-range=lan,192.168.2.2,192.168.2.249,255.255.255.0,12h -2 eth0 In looking at this site: http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html I see that the -T option has this description: -T, --local-ttl=<time> When replying with information from /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replies. This will reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale data under some circumstances. My command doesn't have the -T option. Do I need it or does dnsmasq default TTL to zero without it?

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  • Port to use CentOS init.d functions

    - by jcalfee314
    What are good equivalent centos commands using functions in /etc/init.d/functions such as daemon to perform the following tasks? STARTCMD='start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/sbin/swapspace --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid -- -d -p' STOPCMD='start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid' It looks like daemon will work for the start command and killproc is used for the stop command. . /etc/init.d/functions pushd /usr/sbin daemon --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid /usr/sbin/swapspace . /etc/init.d/functions killproc -p $(cat /var/run/swapspace.pid) Would the --oknodo be needed in the CentOS env (the swap file is really only boot-time)? "oknodo - Return exit status 0 instead of 1 if no actions are (would be) taken." I don't see quiet in daemon or killproc, I can't imagine that it would matter though. The original start-stop-daemon for swapspace seems to have both -p and --pidfile (the same command). That must be an error. Did I miss anything? Any idea why daemon not create the pid file?

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  • Discrepancy in file size on disk and ls output

    - by smokinguns
    I have a script that checks for gzipped file sizes greater than 1MB and outputs files along with their sizes as a report. This is the code: myReport=`ls -ltrh "$somePath" | egrep '\.gz$' | awk '{print $9,"=>",$5}'` # Count files that exceed 1MB oversizeFiles=`find "$somePath" -maxdepth 1 -size +1M -iname "*.gz" -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lh | wc -l` if [ $oversizeFiles -eq 0 ];then status="PASS" else status="CHECK FAILED. FOUND FILES GREATER THAN 1MB" fi echo -e $status"\n"$myReport The problem is that ls command outputs the files sizes as 1.0MB in the report but the status is "FAIL" as "$oversizeFiles" variable's value is 2. I checked the file sizes on disk and 2 files are 1.1MB. Why this discrepancy? How should I modify the script so that I can generate an accurate report? BTW, I'm on a Mac. Here is what man page for "find" says on my Mac OSX: -size n[ckMGTP] True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is n. If n is followed by a c,then the primary is true if the file's size is n bytes (characters). Similarly if n is followed by a scale indicator then the file's size is compared to n scaled as: k kilobytes (1024 bytes) M megabytes (1024 kilobytes) G gigabytes (1024 megabytes) T terabytes (1024 gigabytes) P petabytes (1024 terabytes)

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  • How do I restore tab-completion on shell variables on the bash command-line?

    - by Eric
    I've long set my most-recently visited directories to shell variables d1, d2, etc. On an ancient Fedora machine I could type a command like $ cp $d1/ and the shell would replace $d1 with text like /home/acctname/projects/blog/ and would then show me the contents of .../blog, like any tab-completion. Now, both ubuntu wheezy/sid and fedora 16 just -escape the '$', and naturally there are no completions to show. You can see this behavior in action in an OSX Terminal window. On 10.8, do something like ls $HOME/ to see what I mean. Is there a bash shell variable or option that can restore the old behavior? man bash suggests this is a bug: complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. I get the above described completion when a token starts with '~' or a letter. It's just '$'-completion that's broken.

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  • Why is my cron daemon is being killed every few minutes?

    - by user113215
    As of about a week ago, my cron daemon refuses to stay running. I'm using Debian 6 x64 on an OpenVZ virtual machine. Running something like pgrep cron shows that the daemon isn't running. I start the service with service cron start or /etc/init.d/cron start and it launches, but it disappears from the running process list after a few minutes (varying anywhere between 1 - 30 minutes before the process is killed again). Using strace -f service cron start, I can see that the process is being killed for some reason: nanosleep({60, 0}, <unfinished ...> +++ killed by SIGKILL +++ There's nothing relevant in /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages, /var/log/auth.log, or /var/log/kern.log to explain why the the process is dying. The system has at least 800 MB of free memory, and cat /proc/loadavg returns 0.22 0.13 0.04 so resources shouldn't be the issue. With cron running, free -m reports: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1024 211 812 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 211 812 Swap: 0 0 0 I also tried removing and reinstalling the cron package using apt-get. Update: I initially thought the problem was a resource issues. I erased my entire VPS and started from a fresh Debian image. There is now nothing else running on the system, but even from a clean install my cron daemon is still being killed at random. What else should I check? How do I find out what's killing my crond?

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  • less maximum buffer size?

    - by Tyzoid
    I was messing around with my system and found a novel way to use up memory, but it seems that the less command only holds a limited amount of data before stopping/killing the command. To test, run (careful! uses lots of system memory very fast!) $ cat /dev/zero | less From my testing, it looks like the command is killed after less reaches 2.5 gigabytes of memory, but I can't find anything in the man page that suggests that it would limit it in such a way. In addition, I couldn't find any documentation via the google on the subject. Any light to this quite surprising discovery would be great! System Information: Quad core intel i7, 8gb ram. $ uname -a Linux Tyler-Work 3.13.0-32-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:08 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ less --version less 458 (GNU regular expressions) Copyright (C) 1984-2012 Mark Nudelman less comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. For information about the terms of redistribution, see the file named README in the less distribution. Homepage: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty

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  • Securing NTP: which method to use?

    - by Harry
    Can someone good at NTP configuration please share which method is the best/easiest to implement a secure, tamper-proof version of NTP? Here are some difficulties... I don't have the luxury of having my own stratum 0 time source, so must rely on external time servers. Should I read up on the AutoKey method or should I try to go the MD5 route? Based on what I know about symmetric cryptography, it seems that the MD5 method relies on a pre-agreed set of keys (symmetric cryptography) between the client and the server, and, so, is prone to man-in-the-middle attack. AutoKey, on the other hand, does not appear to work behind a NAT or a masquerading host. Is this still true, by the way? (This reference link is dated 2004, so I'm not sure what is the state of art today.) 4.1 Are public AutoKey-talking time servers available? I browsed through the NTP book by David Mills. The book looks excellent in a way (coming from the NTP creator after all), but the information therein is also overwhelming. I just need to first configure a secure version of NTP and then may be later worry about its architectural and engineering underpinnings. Can someone please wade me through these drowning NTP waters? Don't necessarily need a working config from you, just info on which NTP mode/config to try and may be also a public time server that supports that mode/config. Many thanks, /HS

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  • Slow manipulation of netfilter rules

    - by Ole Martin Eide
    I have a script maintaining gre tunnels and firewall rules using the "ip" and "iptables" tools. Setting up hundreds of tunnels, and adresses per interface runs just fine. Takes less than 0.1 second per interface, however when I get around to do the firewall rules everything slows down spending 0.5 per insertion. Why is it running so slow? What can I do to improve the speed? It seems like I could try ipset instead, but I really feel there is something wrong with the kernel or something. The interesting thing is that the first 10 rules runs fast, then it slows down.. mybox(root) foo# iptables -V iptables v1.3.5 mybox(root) foo# uname -a Linux foo 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:48 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux mybox(root) foo# cat test.sh #!/bin/sh for n in {1..100} do /sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -s ${n} -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -D OUTPUT -s ${n} -j ACCEPT done mybox(root) foo# time ./test.sh real 1m38.839s user 0m0.100s sys 1m38.724s Appriciate any help. Cheers!

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  • Adjust iptables

    - by madunix
    cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d X.0.0.Y -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s X.Y.Z.W --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s M.M.M.M --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I have the above following IPtables on my linux web server(Apache/MySQL), I want to have the following: Block any traffic from multiple IP's to my web server IP1:1.2.3.4.5, IP2:6.7.8.9 ..etc Limiting one host to 20 connections to 80 port, which should not affect non-malicious user, but would render slowloris unusable from one host. Limit MYSQL port 3306 access on my server only to the following IP range A.B.C.D/255.255.255.240 Block any ICMP traffic.

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