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  • Decrease in disk performance after partitioning and encryption, is this much of a drop normal?

    - by Biohazard
    I have a server that I only have remote access to. Earlier in the week I repartitioned the 2 disk raid as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt 363G 1.8G 343G 1% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 2.0G 140K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda5 461M 26M 412M 6% /boot /dev/sda7 179G 8.6G 162G 6% /data The raid consists of 2 x 300gb SAS 15k disks. Prior to the changes I made, it was being used as a single unencrypted root parition and hdparm -t /dev/sda was giving readings around 240mb/s, which I still get if I do it now: /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in 3.00 seconds = 243.06 MB/sec Since the repartition and encryption, I get the following on the separate partitions: Unencrypted /dev/sda7: /dev/sda7: Timing buffered disk reads: 540 MB in 3.00 seconds = 179.78 MB/sec Unencrypted /dev/sda5: /dev/sda5: Timing buffered disk reads: 476 MB in 2.55 seconds = 186.86 MB/sec Encrypted /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: Timing buffered disk reads: 150 MB in 3.03 seconds = 49.54 MB/sec I expected a drop in performance on the encrypted partition, but not that much, but I didn't expect I would get a drop in performance on the other partitions at all. The other hardware in the server is: 2 x Quad Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz and 4gb RAM $ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 32 Lun: 00 Vendor: DP Model: BACKPLANE Rev: 1.05 Type: Enclosure ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi0 Channel: 02 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: DELL Model: PERC 6/i Rev: 1.11 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: HL-DT-ST Model: CD-ROM GCR-8240N Rev: 1.10 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 I'm guessing this means the server has a PERC 6/i RAID controller? The encryption was done with default settings during debian 6 installation. I can't recall the exact specifics and am not sure how I go about finding them? Thanks

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  • GRUB reporting wrong partition type

    - by plok
    It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • "Network is unreachable" When pinging google, can connect to internal computers on debian VM

    - by musher
    Similar to this SU question: "Network is unreachable" when attempting to ping google, but internal addresses work Actually, it's pretty much the same base issue. I went through that thread trying to find a solution, I changed my resolv.conf: before: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver [my gateway] nameserver [my gateway2] I changed it to: after: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 However, any time I reboot the computer the resolv.conf gets overwritten to the previous version (the 'before' above). The issues began after I installed virtualbox additions, X server and (specifically) LXDE: Cat of apt history.log: Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:42 Commandline: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-dkms Install: x11-xkb-utils:amd64 (7.7+1, automatic), libxaw7:amd64 (1.0.12-2, automatic), xfonts-utils:$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:56 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:18:39 Commandline: apt-get install lxde Install: desktop-base:amd64 (7.0.3, automatic), libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 (3.12.4-1, automatic), lxmenu-d$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:21:52 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:26:40 Commandline: apt-get upgrade Upgrade: libio-socket-ssl-perl:am ifconfig on the guest: root@Peridot:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:89:c9:20 og inet addr:172.31.2.102 Bcast:172.31.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe89:c920/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2281 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:266507 (260.2 KiB) TX bytes:120554 (117.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) The adapter in VBox is a bridged adapter directly onto my ethernet connection; as are my other 2 VMs (which work) Other SU questions I've tried: "connect: Network is unreachable" in VirtualBox VM

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  • RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

    - by reano
    We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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  • Linux RAID: Replacing Failed Drive...permanantly

    - by user137519
    Okay, odd question here. I have a server with RAID 5. A drive failed, in a really physically in a really odd way. On the machine it boots and is seen by the BIOS but...no partition can be seen on the drive consistantly (in and out). 2 out of 3 drives working...I made new spare disk and added it, RAID 5 rebuilt clean. All appears well but...when I reboot it keeps trying to use the 2nd drive which doesn't give any partition data, so of course the RAID 5 gets 2 out of 3...again. The status of my drive is as follows: /dev/sda2:Good /dev/sdb2 (drive has physical problem so no partition data) bad, /dev/sdc2:good /dev/sdd2:good. Every time I reboot the mdadm system seems to keep trying to use /dev/sdb which has physical failure (although spins and is detected). /dev/sdd is the new drive I created. I added /dev/sdd to the raid and it rebuilds the raid but this action isn't memorized upon reboot so it keeps listing /dev/sda and /dev/sdc but doesn't use the perfectly good /dev/sdd until I re-add manually. I've tried removing the dead drive with the mdadm tool, but as it cannot see /dev/sdb paritions it will not fail or remove it (says partition doesn't exist). the /etc/mdadm.conf was automatically made on the original OS install which only lists: DEVICE partitions MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md2 super-minor=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 super-minor=0 ARRAY /dev/md1 super-minor=1 Basically just the raids to use on boot. I need to remove this semi-dead drive (/dev/sdb) but I'd prefer to know why this is happening before I do. any ideas or suggestions. I supposed I could attempt to clone/replace /dev/sdb (the partitions on drive show up, then disappear shortly after) but given the partition "chester cat" behaviour this seems risky to me and as I have a working "spare" it seems unnecessary. Thanks in advance for your insight.

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  • Windows 8 preinstall downgrade to Win 7: UEFI problems :/

    - by Tim Flemming
    I have a friend who has a Hp Laptop with UEFI booting. He locked himself out of windows 8 (forgot his password)... so he called me. Well after trying to use the latest version of chntpw in UBCD5.2.6, i came to the conclusion i needed to wipe the drive and install windows 7. A little googling suggested using certain versions of chntpw, but i decided to not waste the time burning endless CDs. Anyway, He agreed to installing Win7 "I hate the big tile thingys". So i attacked with Gparted. Wiped the whole drive. Set flags to boot. Set part table as MBR. However upon trying to install win7, it still claimed i had a GPT style disk. unable to install. the only thing i can think of I'm doing wrong is not changing the bios/UEFI to legacy... My question is, If I enable legacy, somehow get the drive to actually be MBR, and use my X86 DVD, should I be good? Is there some common glitches ppl miss when dealing with GPT/EFI/UEFI? I need answers cuz he now has a blank laptop which I am responsible for. Another question. windows 8 came installed on a GPT disk. SO WHY WHEN I BOOT THE INSTALL DVD DOES IT SAY IT CANT INSTALL TO A GPT STYLE DISK??? WTF??? talk about the bleeding edge man.

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  • centos install / partitioning

    - by ServerSideX
    I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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  • Safe to remove Python2.6 files?

    - by darkfeline
    I'm using Linux Mint 11 (will upgrade soon), and I've noticed that, even though I don't have any python2.6 packages installed with apt, there's a bunch of residual python2.6 files scattered around my drive, including, but not limited to, dist-packages in /usr/lib/python2.6 and various /usr/share stuff. Is there any way to test if these files are still being used? I'm tempted to sudo rm -rf the lot of them, but I'm scared it'll break stuff. Also, does anyone have any idea where these files could have come from? I believe I had python2.6 installed once upon a time, but I made sure to --purge them, so there shouldn't be any trace of them left, right? EDIT: after using a quick script to check all of the files, it appears most of them belong to important packages, so I won't try weeding out the few which I know are probably useless. Although I am curious why so many packages have python2.6 files when I don't even have it installed. These files are not associated with any packages and I'm not sure if they are safe to remove: /usr/bin/ipython2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.15.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/easy_install.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/IPython /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/ipython-0.10.1.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.pth /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/site.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx.pth /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages /usr/local/lib/python2.6/site-packages /usr/share/man/man1/ipython2.6.1.gz

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  • How can I automate or script daily downloads for any new anti- virus databases, and then have the program scan my drive?

    - by Macgrimm
    Howdy all Super Users" I humbly ask if any Super User can direct this long time, gray haired Apple Tech in the right direction on this issue. I believe there probably are many ways to skin this cat. But I am looking to find simply the best, most unattended way to get it done. Any help will be greatly appreciated. also (I know there are much better softwares out there for the Mac so please don't go there! The politics of this company dictate which Anti virus we have to use) anyway without any further wait: basically I am trying to automate 2 very important functions of Mc'Afee anti-virus for Mac. First I want to automate the process of retrieving new virus definition files, and second I want to automate the process of scanning for viruses. It turns out that Using Mc'Afee Anti-Virus for the Mac are both manual functions. And they left up to the user (per user account) to perform. Depending on all of about 150 MAc users to perform these 2 tasks themselves is around 65% compliance. My question then is: If I wanted to use the command line such as (open /Applications/McAfee\ Security.app) It will open up the Security Console. But how can I make command Mc'Afee go out and grab the definition files and scan the computer? I have to admit I am at a crossroad and Macaltimers has set in. I would really appreciate it if any of you "Super ~ Users" can help me out with this MacAltimers loss of how to what to do. Thanks to All up Front Macgrimm

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  • Libvirt/KVM in NAT: can't access from host (and can't forward)

    - by SharkWipf
    I'm trying to set up a port forward to a KVM guest, managed through Libvirt on Debian 6. The VM is running in NAT, through the "default" network. This all runs fine, the VM has full internet connection. However, the host cannot reach the vm internally. Neither ping, nc nor nmap on the NAT network give any signs of the VM. Due to this, the normal iptables forwarding rules don't work either. $ cat /etc/debian_version 6.0.5 $ libvirtd --version libvirtd (libvirt) 0.9.11.3 $ kvm --version QEMU emulator version 1.0 (qemu-kvm-1.0+dfsg-11, Debian), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ifconfig: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:f1:6f:10 inet addr:x.x.x.x Bcast:x.x.x.x Mask:255.255.255.x inet6 addr: fe80::5604:a6ff:fef1:6f10/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:118902 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:142357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:13247173 (12.6 MiB) TX bytes:95163190 (90.7 MiB) Interrupt:28 Base address:0xe000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) TX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:666759 (651.1 KiB) TX bytes:400701 (391.3 KiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fee2:d260/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:125687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:739803 (722.4 KiB) TX bytes:6886609 (6.5 MiB)

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  • How to add a user to Wheel group?

    - by Natasha Thapa
    I am trying to add a use to wheel group using in a Ubuntu server. sudo usermod -aG wheel john I get: usermod: group 'wheel' does not exist On my /etc/sudoers I have this: > cat /etc/sudoers > # sudoers file. > # > # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. > # > # See the sudoers man page for the details on how to write a sudoers file. > # > > # Host alias specification > > # User alias specification > > # Cmnd alias specification > > # Defaults specification > > # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL %root ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL > > %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL Do I have to do groupadd of wheel?

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  • What I should know about memory management?

    - by bua
    first of all: I don't use stackadmin or similar so please don't vote for moving there, I'm reading man top and paper "what every programmer should know about memory ..." I need really simple explanation like for retard ;) Having following top dump: top - 11:21:19 up 37 days, 21:16, 4 users, load average: 0.41, 0.75, 1.09 Tasks: 313 total, 5 running, 308 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.6%sy, 0.9%ni, 96.2%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.9%si, 0.0%st Mem: 132103848k total, 131916948k used, 186900k free, 54000k buffers Swap: 73400944k total, 73070884k used, 330060k free, 13931192k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3305 tudb 25 10 144m 52m 940 R 6.0 0.0 1306:09 app 3011 tudb 15 0 71528 19m 604 S 3.3 0.0 171:57.83 app 3373 tudb 25 10 209m 93m 940 S 3.0 0.1 1074:53 app 3338 tudb 25 10 144m 47m 940 R 2.7 0.0 780:48.48 app 4227 tudb 25 10 208m 99m 904 S 1.3 0.1 198:56.01 app 8506 tudb 25 10 80.7g 49g 932 S 2.0 39.6 458:31.22 app I'm wondering what is: RES (my expl. physical memory consumption ? see 49GB) VIRT (memory mapped disk to cache? see 80GB) SHR (shared pages?) Swap: (is this cached label - for memory mapped disk into swap cache?) Should sum of RES give MEM: X used? or maybe sum of VIRT?

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  • OpenLDAP 2.4.23 - Debian 6.0 - Import schema - Insufficient access (50)

    - by Yosifov
    Good day to everybody. I'm trying to add a new schema inside OpenLDAP. But getting an error: ldap_add: Insufficient access (50) root@ldap:/# ldapadd -c -x -D cn=admin,dc=domain,dc=com -W -f /tmp/test.d/cn\=config/cn\=schema/cn\=\{5\}microsoft.ldif root@ldap:/# cat /tmp/test.d/cn\=config/cn\=schema/cn\=\{5\}microsoft.ldif dn: cn=microsoft,cn=schema,cn=config objectClass: olcSchemaConfig cn: microsoft olcAttributeTypes: {0}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.302 NAME 'sAMAccountType' DESC 'Fss ssully qualified name of distinguished Java class or interface' SYNTAX 1.3.6. 1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {1}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.146 NAME 'objectSid' DESC 'Fssssull y qualified name of distinguished Java class or interfaced' SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4. 1.1466.115.121.1.40 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {2}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.221 NAME 'sAMAccountName' DESC 'Fds sssully qualified name of distinguished Java class or interfaced' SYNTAX 1.3. 6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {3}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1412 NAME 'primaryGroupToken' SYNTA X 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {4}( 1.2.840.113556.1.2.102 NAME 'memberOf' SYNTAX 1.3.6.1. 4.1.1466.115.121.1.12 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {5}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.98 NAME 'primaryGroupID' SYNTAX 1.3 .6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcObjectClasses: {0}( 1.2.840.113556.1.5.6 NAME 'securityPrincipal' DESC 'Cso ntainer for a Java object' SUP top AUXILIARY MUST ( objectSid $ sAMAccountNam e ) MAY ( primaryGroupToken $ memberOf $ primaryGroupID ) ) I also tried to add the schema by phpldapadmin, but gain the same error. I'm using the admin user which is specified by default from the begging of the slpad installation. How may I add permissions to this user ? Best wishes

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  • TCP/UDP hole punching from and to the same NAT network

    - by Luc
    I was wondering if tcp/udp hole punching would still work when you are in the same network (behind a NAT), and what the packet's path would be. What happens when using hole punching on the same network, is that it will send a packet out with the same destination and source address. Only the source and destination port would differ. I imagine a router with NAT loopback enabled will handle this as it should, but how about other routers? Would they drop the packet, or would a router (the first?) from the ISP bounce the packet back after which it gets handled okay? I'm wondering because I was thinking about using this technique to circumvent a block between peers in a network (like a school network where clients can only access the internet, but any contact with each other is blocked). The only other option is to use a man in the middle as proxy (tunnel?). The disadvantage of this is that you have to have a server with significantly more bandwidth than one that would only do hole punching. Also the latency would increase significantly.

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  • Enabling http access on port 80 for centos 6.3 from console

    - by Hugo
    Have a centos 6.3 box running on Parallels and I'm trying to open port 80 to be accesible from outside tried the gui solution from this post and it works, but I need to get it done from a script. Tried to do this: sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo /sbin/iptables-save sudo /sbin/service iptables restart This creates exactly the same iptables entries as the GUI tool except it does not work: $ telnet xx.xxx.xx.xx 80 Trying xx.xxx.xx.xx... telnet: connect to address xx.xxx.xx.xx: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host UPDATE: $ netstat -ntlp (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=500 but you should be root.) Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37439 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::60472 :::* LISTEN - $ sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [5:640] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012

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  • Assembling Software RAID in Live CD for data recovery

    - by Maletor
    I need help recovering some data that's on my RAID which is on a LVM on my server running Ubuntu. What happened was I deleted the logical volume that controlled my swap space which was on a partition on drives sda2, sdb2, sdc2, and sdd2 in RAID1. This foobared my whole system for one reason or another. Booting leave me with grub rescue and an error saying that it is an unknown filesystem. When I boot to a live cd I can see my RAID arrays and I can even start them up. However, it doesn't appear to mount them anywhere so I can't see the data. I am in the live cd now and I have done sudo apt-get install mdadm lvm2 so it should be mounting them correctly. I just can't see why it wouldn't. Please any help is appreciated here. Here is some output. By the way, there are 3 RAIDs, 1) /boot 100mb RAID1, 2) swap 10gb RAID1, 3) root 990GB RAID5 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on aufs 124M 101M 18M 86% / none 2.0G 324K 2.0G 1% /dev /dev/sde1 2.0G 826M 1.2G 42% /cdrom /dev/loop0 667M 667M 0 100% /rofs none 2.0G 164K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 28K 2.0G 1% /tmp none 2.0G 92K 2.0G 1% /var/run none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /var/lock none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/md1 91M 73M 15M 84% /media/5ac3dbf1-a6c5-409c-96ae-edc6e27992c7 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab aufs / aufs rw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdd2 swap swap defaults 0 0

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  • if I define `my_domain`, postfix does not expand mail aliases

    - by Norky
    I have postfix v2.6.6 running on CentOS 6.3, hostname priest.ocsl.local (private, internal domain) with a number of aliases supportpeople: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] requests: "|/opt/rt4/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 'general' --action correspond --url http://localhost/", supportpeople help: "|/opt/rt4/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 'help' --action correspond --url http://localhost/", supportpeople If I leave postfix with its default configuration, then the aliases are resolved correctly/as I expect, so that incoming mail to, say, [email protected] will be piped through the rt-mailgate mailgate command and also be delivered (via the mail server for ocsl.co.uk (a publicly resolvable domain)) to [email protected], user2, etc. The problem comes when I define mydomain = ocsl.co.uk in /etc/postfix/main.cf (with the intention that outgoing mail come from, for example, [email protected]). When I do this, postfix continues to run the piped command correctly, however it no longer expands the nested aliases as I expect: instead of trying to deliver to [email protected], user2 etc, it tries to send to [email protected], which does not exist on the upstream mail server and generates NDRs. postconf -n for the non-working configuration follows (the working configuration differs only by the "mydomain" line. alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = ocsl.co.uk newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 We did have things working as we expected/wanted previously on an older system running Sendmail.

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  • How to know who accessed a file or if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

    - by J L
    I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file? edit: from further googling, I found this page saying: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man7/inotify.7.html The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that triggered the inotify event. So I guess this means that I cant figure out which user accessed a file? Only audit subsystem can be used to figure out who accessed a file?

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  • RTL8188CE doesn't connect to any wifi access points

    - by Drakmail
    I'm using network manager to connect. Also, tryed iwconfig. Results are same. I even try to connect to open access point — results are same. More information: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ lspci | grep Network | grep -v Ethernet 03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01) Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ uname -a Linux thinkpad-x220 3.1.0 #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Oct 26 02:19:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ dmesg | tail -n 10 [ 846.901574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 906.812461] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 966.728810] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1026.639676] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1030.925574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin At this moment I try to connect to open wifi ap: [ 1031.252403] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 1/3) [ 1031.451943] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 2/3) [ 1031.651658] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 3/3) [ 1031.851354] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed timed out [ 1086.544960] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin My distribution: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ cat /etc/*version AgiliaLinux release 8.0.0 (Sammy) (Something between Slackware and Archlinux). Also, I saw that wifi module to often trying to load a firmware file. Any ideas what it would be?

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  • What is the --daemon option?

    - by Pascal Dimassimo
    I was installing Solr with Jetty using these instructions. Basically, those instructions made you download the Jetty startup script and copy it to /etc/init.d/jetty. But it was not working. Each time I was starting Jetty, I had a "FAILED" message and nothing to understand why it was happening. I decided to open up the /etc/init.d/jetty script to understand what was happening. I saw that this script was using start-stop-daemon to launch jetty. After a couple of time of debugging, I discovered that removing the --daemon option at the end of the start-stop-daemon call was fixing my problem. I did a couple of research and discovered that this guy had the same problem and resolved it like I did: my removing the --daemon option. What is weird is that the switch does not seem to be specific to start-stop-daemon, because it is not documented in the man page. Also, I've seen it used for other commands. So what is that --daemon option doing? And why removing it resolved my problem? Note that I am working on Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS.

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  • Linux as a gateway (no NAT)

    - by Hugo
    I'm trying to configure a linux server as a gateway/router, but I can't get it to work, and all information I've managed to find is NAT-related. I have a public IP block for the gateway and devices behind it, so I want the gateway to simply route packets to the internet - again: no NATing! I've managed to get the gateway to access the internet successfully (that was just a matter of configuring the IP and GW), and the computers behind it can communicate with it. [EDIT: more info] This is actually an IPv6 block (2800:40:403::0/48) (but I've found that most utilities and instructions can be easily adapted from IPv4 to IPv6 with little hastle). The server has too ports: wan: 2800:40:403::1/48 lan: 2800:40:403::3/48 One of the computers behind it is connected to it via a switch; 2800:40:403::7/48 The wan interface on the server can ping6 www.google.com without issues. The lan interface on the server and the client can mutually ping each other without issues (as well as SSH, etc). I've tried setting the server as a default gateway for the client, with no luck: client # route -A inet6 add default gw 2800:40:403::3 dev eth1 server # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding 1 I don't want any filtering/firewalling/etc, just plain routing. Thanks.

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  • Boot stuck at blinking cursor before GRUB - only works via BIOS boot menu

    - by delta1
    I have a new box running Debian Squeeze. Grub is installed on /dev/sda, but when booting up I just get a blinking cursor, before the Grub menu. I can only boot to grub successfully when I choose boot options (during post) and select that specific drive! I have made sure the correct drive is set to boot first in the BIOS. So Grub works, but the system won't boot to that drive automatically? Any ideas on what could cause this? Drives sda/b/c are all 2TB (sda runs the system with b/c as raid device md0) with the following partitions: $ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 977 sda1 8 2 9765625 sda2 8 3 6445313 sda3 8 4 1937302627 sda4 8 32 1953514584 sdc 8 16 1953514584 sdb 9 0 1953513424 md0 but # fdisk -l /dev/sda gives WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 243202 1953514583+ ee GPT Any insight into this strange behaviour would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Calculating memory footprints using /proc/sysvipc/shm

    - by MarkTeehan
    This is for a SLES 10 database server. One of my servers runs three databases and three app servers; I am analyzing how their shared memory segments grow and shrink to avoid intermittent out-of-memory scenarios. "Top" is hot helpful for this since its calculations for RES and VIRT are inconsistent. I am doing this by matching up the contents of /proc/sysvipc/shm with memory usage reported by the database admin console. I do this by totaling up saving the contents of /proc/sysvipc/shm and then total up "bytes" for all of the segments for the offending userid. This is a large server with hundreds of segments and tens (or hundreds) of GB of allocated memory per userid. However it doesn't match up - the database management software claims to be using around 25% more memory than the total I calculate. Negligible swap space is in use, so I am ignoring that. I am running it as root so I am sure I see all shared memory segments. My question is : is all (significant) allocated memory recorded in /proc/sysvipc/shm, or is this only shared memory (*and not "un-shared" memory?). If this is incorrect, what is the correct way to calculate out the total allocated memory for each userid? Also: I believe doing a 'cat' on this file locks server IPC. I check it every 5 seconds - is it likely that this frequency could be problematic? Thanks! Mark Teehan Singapore

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  • sudo or acl or setuid/setgid?

    - by Xavier Maillard
    for a reason I do not really understand, everyone wants sudo for all and everything. At work we even have as many entries as there are way to read a logfile (head/tail/cat/more, ...). I think, sudo is defeating here. I'd rather use a mix of setgid/setuid directories and add ACL here and there but I really need to know what are the best practices before starting up. Our servers have %admin, %production, %dba, %users -i.e many groups and many users. Each service (mysql, apache, ...) has its own way to install privileges but members of the %production group must be able to consult configuration file or even log files. There is still the solution to add them into the right groups (mysql...) and set the good permission. But I do not want to usermod all users, I do not want to modify standards permissions since it could change after each upgrade. On the other hand, setting acls and/or mixing setuid/setgid on directories is something I could easily do without "defacing" the standard distribution. What do you think about this ? Taking the mysql example, that would look like this: setfacl d:g:production:rx,d:other::---,g:production:rx,other::--- /var/log/mysql /etc/mysql Do you think this is good practise or should I definetely usermod -G mysql and play with standard permissions system ? Thank you

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  • Giving the root user priority to maintain Debian (while server collapsing under heavy load)

    - by Saix
    Is there any way to setup Debian to prioritize any or specific root's activity before every other? For instance, several times per year something gets wrong (usually man's fault by overstressing apache/mysql) and system gets unresponsive under heavy load like 200 (8-core cpu). I know there are limits for php scripts to run then kill, but that's not the way because this limit has to be at least 45 minutes long. The problem is, until I'm able to login via SSH and let apache/mysql restart under this server stress, it nearly hits these 45 minutes anyway. Also hardware restart causing usually to run fsck at boot time on all harddrives since it's usually pretty long the box haven't been restarted. I was told it's really not good idea disabling fsck but then again, it takes more then hour to complete. What is the fastest way to restart apache/mysql? Is there any way to give ssh users or root user higher priority so the logging in and completing these restarts (rather stops though) commands wouldn't take so long? One comes to my mind.. use NICE for apache/mysql but no way. I can't risk limiting those two vital apps 24/7 or could I? I'm a little bit scared if any other system process wouldn't slow the pages down too much. Any backup process, swap (if any) etc. There is pretty heavy PHP framework with 20k visits a day, so it needs every hw/sw resource available. I can't throttle it the whole time, just in certain points when system gets unresponsive, so I could maintain it.

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