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• Parenthesis operator in C. What is the effect in the following code

  - by Andre

  Hi everyone, I was playing with a macro to enable/disable traces when I came out with the following code when the macro is disabled: int main { ("Hello world"); } This code is valid and I got the desired effect (nothing happens when the macro is disabled) but I couldn't figure out what exactly is happening. Is the compiler seeing the parenthesis as a "nameless" method declaration? To make it clearer the code is : #ifdef TRACE #define trace printf("%s %d -> ",__FILE__, __LINE__);printf else #define trace #endif int main { trace("Hello world"); } Thanks in advance.

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• C# extern int ? How do I make a global var across classes and namespaces ?

  - by dr d b karron

  Dear C#'ers; As an old C/C++ programmer, I want to keep a global int counter across all of MY namespaces and classes. Public static extern int EventCount; Is not working; the VS2010 compiler won't let me have an extern int. Even with a DLLImport. [DllImport ( "SilverlightApplication37.dll" )] public static extern int EventCount; VS2010 complains Error 1 The modifier 'extern' is not valid for this item so how do i have a global int across all my code ? Cheers! dr.K

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• Looking for a C# code parser

  - by Blindy

  I'm looking for a set of classes (preferably in the .net framework) that will parse C# code and return a list of functions with parameters, classes with their methods, properties etc. Ideally it would provide all that's needed to build my own intellisense. I have a feeling something like this should be in the .net framework, given all the reflection stuff they offer, but if not then an open source alternative is good enough. What I'm trying to build is basically something like Snippet Compiler, but with a twist. I'm trying to figure out how to get the code dom first. I tried googling for this but I'm not sure what the correct term for this is so I came up empty.

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• How to map a test onto a list of numbers

  - by Arthur Ulfeldt

  I have a function with a bug: user> (-> 42 int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) 42 user> (-> 128 int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) -128 user> looks like I need to handle overflow when converting back... Better write a test to make sure this never happens again. This project is using clojure.contrib.test-is so i write: (deftest int-to-bytes-to-int (let [lots-of-big-numbers (big-test-numbers)] (map #(is (= (-> % int-to-bytes bytes-to-int) %)) lots-of-big-numbers))) This should be testing converting to a seq of bytes and back again produces the origional result on a list of 10000 random numbers. Looks OK in theory? except none of the tests ever run. Testing com.cryptovide.miscTest Ran 23 tests containing 34 assertions. 0 failures, 0 errors. why don't the tests run? what can I do to make them run?

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• Why aren't operator conversions implicitly called for templated functions? (C++)

  - by John Gordon

  I have the following code: template <class T> struct pointer { operator pointer<const T>() const; }; void f(pointer<const float>); template <typename U> void tf(pointer<const float>); void g() { pointer<float> ptr; f(ptr); tf(ptr); } When I compile the code with gcc 4.3.3 I get a message (aaa.cc:17: error: no matching function for call to ‘tf(pointer<float>&)’) indicating that the compiler called 'operator pointer<const T>' for the non-templated function f(), but didn't for the templated function tf(). Why and is there any workaround short of overloading tf() with a const and non-const version? Thanks in advance for any help.

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• error handling strategies in C?

  - by Leo

  Given the code below: typedef struct {int a;} test_t; arbitrary_t test_dosomething(test_t* test) { if (test == NULL) { //options: //1. print an error and let it crash //e.g. fprintf(stderr, "null ref at %s:%u", __FILE__, __LINE__); //2. stop the world //e.g. exit(1); //3. return (i.e. function does nothing) //4. attempt to re-init test } printf("%d", test->a); //do something w/ test } I want to get a compiler error if test is ever NULL, but I guess that's not possible in C. Since I need to do null checking at runtime, what option is the most proper way to handle it?

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• Why do Java source files go into a directory structure?

  - by bdhar

  Suppose that I am creating a Java project with the following classes com.bharani.ClassOne com.bharani.ClassTwo com.bharani.helper.HelperOne com.bharani.helper.support.HelperTwo with files put immediately under the folder 'src' src/ClassOne.java src/ClassTwo.java src/HelperOne.java src/HelperTwo.java and compile them using the command $ javac src/*.java -d classes (assuming that classes directory exists) The compiler compiles these files and put the class files in appropriate sub-directories inside the 'classes' directory like this classes/com/bharani/ClassOne.class classes/com/bharani/ClassTwo.class classes/com/bharani/helper/HelperOne.class classes/com/bharani/helper/support/HelperTwo.class Because the spec mandates that the classes should go inside appropriate directory structure. Fine. My question is this: When I use an IDE such as Eclipse or NetBeans, they create the directory structure for the source code directory ('src' directory here) also. Why is that? Is it mandatory? Or, is it just a convention? Thanks.

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• Confusion about Nullable<T> constraints

  - by n535

  Greetings everybody. I am sorry, if this was already asked before (searched in vain) or is really very simple, but i just can't get it. The MSDN definition of a Nullable type, states, that it is defined in a following manner: [SerializableAttribute] public struct Nullable<T> where T : struct, new() So the question is quite straightforward: How is this definition possible? Or this is just a typo? Every value type already has a default constructor. Indeed, when i try to compile something like this, the compiler reasonably says, that it is illegal to apply both constraints at the same time, because the second one is implicitly included in a first one. Thanks in advance.

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• Prove correctness of unit test

  - by Timo Willemsen

  I'm creating a graph framework for learning purposes. I'm using a TDD approach, so I'm writing a lot of unit tests. However, I'm still figuring out how to prove the correctness of my unit tests For example, I have this class (not including the implementation, and I have simplified it) public class SimpleGraph(){ //Returns true on success public boolean addEdge(Vertex v1, Vertex v2) { ... } //Returns true on sucess public boolean addVertex(Vertex v1) { ... } } I also have created this unit tests @Test public void SimpleGraph_addVertex_noSelfLoopsAllowed(){ SimpleGraph g = new SimpleGraph(); Vertex v1 = new Vertex('Vertex 1'); actual = g.addVertex(v1); boolean expected = false; boolean actual = g.addEdge(v1,v1); Assert.assertEquals(expected,actual); } Okay, awesome it works. There is only one crux here, I have proved that the functions work for this case only. However, in my graph theory courses, all I'm doing is proving theorems mathematically (induction, contradiction etc. etc.). So I was wondering is there a way I can prove my unit tests mathematically for correctness? So is there a good practice for this. So we're testing the unit for correctness, instead of testing it for one certain outcome.

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• A feeling that I'm not that good developer

  - by Karim

  Hi, Im having a strange feeling, but let me first introduce myself as a software developer. I started to program when I was still a kid, I had about 10 or 11 years. I really enjoy my work and never get bored from it. It's amazing how somebody could be paid for what he really likes to do and would be doing it anyway even for free. WHen I first started to program, I was feeling proud of what I was doing, each application I built was for me a success and after 2-3 year I had a feeling that I'm a coding guru. It was a nice feeling ;-) But the more I was in the field, the more types of software I started to develop I was starting to have a feeling that I'm completely wrong in that I'm guru. I felt that I'm not even a mediocre developer. Each new field I start to work on is giving me this feeling. Like when I once developed a device driver for a client, I saw how much I need to learn about device drivers. When I developed a video filter for an application, I saw how much do I still need to learn about DirectShow, Color Spaces, and all the theory behind that. The worst thing was when I started to learn algorithms. It was several years ago. I knew then the basic structures and algorithms like the sorting, some types of trees, some hashtables, strings etc.. and when I really wanted to learn a group of structures I learned about 5-6 new types and saw that in fact even this small group has several hundred subtypes of structures. It's depressing how little time people have in their lives to learn all this stuff. I'm now a software developer with about 10 years of experience and I still feel that I'm not a proficient developer when I think about things that others do in the industry. Is this normal what I'm experiencing or is it a sign of a destructive excessive ambition? Thanks in advance for any comments.

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• C#: Why only integral enums?

  - by JamesBrownIsDead

  I've been writing C# for seven years now, and I keep wondering, why do enums have to be of an integral type? Wouldn't it be nice to do something like: enum ErrorMessage { NotFound: "Could not find", BadRequest: "Malformed request" } Is this a language design choice, or are there fundamental incompatibilities on a compiler, CLR, or IL level? Do other languages have enums with string or complex (i.e. object) types? What languages? (I'm aware of workarounds; my question is, why are they needed?) EDIT: "workarounds" = attributes or static classes with consts :)

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• C++ Constructor Initializer List - using member functions of initialized members

  - by Andy

  I've run into the following a few times with initializer lists and I've never been able to explain it well. Can anyone explain why exactly the following fails (I don't have a compiler to catch typos, so bear with me): class Foo { public: Foo( int i ) : m_i( i ) {} //works with no problem int getInt() {return m_i;} ~Foo {} private: int m_i; }; class Bar { public: Bar() : m_foo( 5 ), //this is ok m_myInt( m_foo.getInt() ) //runtime error, seg 11 {} ~Bar() {} private: Foo m_foo; int m_myInt; }; When trying to call member functions of members initialized higher up the initializer list, I get seg faults. I seem to recall this is a known problem (or perhaps somehow by design) but I've never seen it well described. The attached example is contrived with plain old data types, but substitute the Bar::m_myInt with another object lacking a default (empty) constructor and the issue is more real. Can anyone enlighten me? Thanks!

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• Scala: Mixing traits with private fields

  - by Vilius Normantas

  It's not much of a question, it's rather my excitement that it's possible at all! I wrote this little example just to prove the opposite - I expected either a compiler error or one of the values (111 or 222, I wasn't sure). scala> trait T1 { private val v = 111; def getValueT1 = v } scala> trait T2 { private val v = 222; def getValueT2 = v } scala> class T12 extends T1 with T2 scala> val t = new T12 scala> t.getValueT1 res9: Int = 111 scala> t.getValueT2 res10: Int = 222 Why doesn't the v get overridden? Off course this works only as long as vs are private, but still.

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• What about race condition in multithreaded reading?

  - by themoob

  Hi, According to an article on IBM.com, "a race condition is a situation in which two or more threads or processes are reading or writing some shared data, and the final result depends on the timing of how the threads are scheduled. Race conditions can lead to unpredictable results and subtle program bugs." . Although the article concerns Java, I have in general been taught the same definition. As far as I know, simple operation of reading from RAM is composed of setting the states of specific input lines (address, read etc.) and reading the states of output lines. This is an operation that obviously cannot be executed simultaneously by two devices and has to be serialized. Now let's suppose we have a situation when a couple of threads access an object in memory. In theory, this access should be serialized in order to prevent race conditions. But e.g. the readers/writers algorithm assumes that an arbitrary number of readers can use the shared memory at the same time. So, the question is: does one have to implement an exclusive lock for read when using multithreading (in WinAPI e.g.)? If not, why? Where is this control implemented - OS, hardware? Best regards, Kuba

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• Function template accepting nothing less than a bidirectional iterator or a pointer

  - by san

  I need a function template that accepts two iterators that could be pointers. If the two arguments are random_access iterators I want the return type to be an object of std::iterator<random_access_iterator_tag, ...> type else a std::iterator<bidirectional_iterator_tag, ...> type. I also want the code to refuse compilation if the arguments are neither a bidirectional iterator, nor a pointer. I cannot have dependency on third party libraries e.g. Boost Could you help me with the signature of this function so that it accepts bidirectional iterators as well as pointers, but not say input_iterator, output_iterator, forward_iterators. One partial solution I can think of is the following template<class T> T foo( T iter1, T iter2) { const T tmp1 = reverse_iterator<T>(iter1); const T tmp2 = reverse_iterator<T>(iter2); // do something } The idea is that if it is not bidirectional the compiler will not let me construct a reverse_iterator from it.

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• EHsc vc EHa (synchronous vs asynchronous exception handling)

  - by watson1180

  Could you give a bullet list of practical differences/implication? I read relevant MSDN article, but my understanding asynchronous exceptions is still a bit hazy. I am writing a test suite using Boost.Test and my compiler emits a warning that EHa should be enabled: warning C4535: calling _set_se_translator() requires /EHa The project itself uses only plain exceptions (from STL) and doesn't need /EHa switch. Do I have to recompile it with /EHa switch to make the test suite work properly? My feeling is that I need /EHa for the test suit only. Thank you and happy new year.

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• How can I share an entity framework model across website users

  - by richardmoss

  Hello, Currently my website is based around MVC and the Entity Framework running against a SQL Server 2005 database. So far, it has all been running very smoothly, and I really enjoy MVC and its slimmer more concise code (and no huge viewstates or soul destroying postbacks ;)) Recently I was working on upgrading the site to use a simple forum system, and this is where I started running into problems. When I was testing the site using two different browsers, if I created or replied to a post in one browser, the other browser couldn't see the post. At the moment, each visitor to the site gets their own copy of the entity model, which I store in their session data. Obviously this is the problem as updates to one model aren't getting carried to the other. As a test, I tried storing a single copy of the model which all visitors would access by assigning the model to a static variable. This worked, and both browsers could see each others modifications. However, it had its side effects. For example, if I fired up both browsers at the same time and the model was initialized, one browser would crash, and the other would work fine, despite me using a locking object so in theory one of them should have been delayed until the model was ready (of course I could have implemented this wrong ;)). Also, originally this site did use one model for all visitors and when it was live, it frequently shut down - killing the IIS application pool while it did. Now I'm not sure if this was related, but I don't really want to reintroduce whatever bug I had that caused this shut down. So, my question is a simple one really - what is the best way of either using the same model for all website users so they all see updates, or if they do have separate copies (which I imagine will have a performance impact in time) how can the models detect changes in the database and update themselves according. Thanks in advance for any advice! Regards; Richard Moss

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• How do I include extremely long literals in C++ source?

  - by BillyONeal

  Hello everyone :) I've got a bit of a problem. Essentially, I need to store a large list of whitelisted entries inside my program, and I'd like to include such a list directly -- I don't want to have to distribute other libraries and such, and I don't want to embed the strings into a Win32 resource, for a bunch of reasons I don't want to go into right now. I simply included my big whitelist in my .cpp file, and was presented with this error: 1>ServicesWhitelist.cpp(2807): fatal error C1091: compiler limit: string exceeds 65535 bytes in length The string itself is about twice this allowed limit by VC++. What's the best way to include such a large literal in a program?

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• Explicit initialization of struct/class members

  - by Zephon

  struct some_struct{ int a; }; some_struct n = {}; n.a will be 0 after this; I know this braces form of initialization is inherited from C and is supported for compatibility with C programs, but this only compiles with C++, not with the C compiler. I'm using Visual C++ 2005. In C this type of initialization struct some_struct n = {0}; is correct and will zero-initialize all members of a structure. Is the empty pair of braces form of initialization standard? I first saw this form of initialization in a WinAPI tutorial from msdn.

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• Has anyone been successful at a assembler based led blinker for an xcore?

  - by dwelch

  I am liking the http://www.xmos.com chips but want to get a lower level understanding of what is going on. Basically assembler. I am trying to sort out something as simple as an led blinker, set the led, count to N clear the led, count to N, loop forever. Sure I can disassemble a 10 line XC program, but if you have tried that you will see there is a lot of bloat in there that is in every program, what bits are to support the compiler output and what bits are actually setting up the gpio?

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• Create Generic Class Instance from Static Method in a Derived Class

  - by user343547

  I have a class in C# with a template and static method similar to class BClass<T> { public static BClass<T> Create() { return new BClass<T>(); } } From this I derive a class and specify a template parameter to the base class class DClass : BClass<int> { } A problem occurs when I try to use the static method to create an instance of D class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { DClass d = DClass.Create(); } } Gives a compiler error "Cannot implicitly convert type 'Test.BClass<int ' to 'Test.DClass'." Adding the below cast leads to a runtime casting exception. DClass d = (DClass)DClass.Create(); Is there any succint way to allow the static method to create instances of the derived class? Ideally I would like the equivalent of a c++ typedef and I don't want the below syntax (which does work). BClass<int> d = DClass.Create();

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• How to 'hide' spurious "declared but never used" warnings?

  - by Roddy

  I'm using the C++Builder compiler which has a minor bug that certain static const items from system header files can cause spurious "xyzzy is declared but never used" warnings. I'm trying to get my code 100% warning free, so want a way of masking these particular warnings (note - but not by simply turning off the warning!) Also, I can't modify the header files. I need a way of 'faking' the use of the items, preferably without even knowing their type. As an example, adding this function to my .cpp modules fixes warnings for these four items, but it seems a bit 'ad-hoc'. Is there a better and preferably self-documenting way of doing this? static int fakeUse() { return OneHour + OneMinute + OneSecond + OneMillisecond; }

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• Best way to get a random number from 1 to 50 which ISN'T x

  - by Cocorico

  Hi guys! So this is probably programming 101 stuff, but I have a problem: I have 2 numbers which are between 0 and 49. Let's call them x and y. Now I want to get a couple of other numbers which are not x or y, but are also between 0 and 49 (I am using Objective C but this is more of a general theory question I think?). Method I thought of is: int a; int b; int c; do { a = arc4random() % 49; } while ((a == x) || (a == y)); do { b = arc4random() % 49; } while ((b == x) || (b == y) || (b == a)); do { c = arc4random() % 49; } while ((c == x) || (c == y) || (c == a) || (c == b)); But it seem kind of bad to me, I don't know, I am just trying to learn to be a better programmer, what would be the most elegant sweet way to do this for best practices? Thanks!

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• Core Data produces Analyzer warnings

  - by RickiG

  Hi I am doing the final touch ups on an app and I am getting rid of every compiler/analyzer warning. I have a bunch of Class methods that wrap my apps access to Core Data entities. This is "provoking" the analyzer. + (CDProductEntity*) newProductEntity { return (CDProductEntity*)[NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"CDProductEntity" inManagedObjectContext:[self context]]; } Which results in an Analyzer warning: Object with +0 retain counts returned to caller where a +1 (owning) retain count is expected In the method that calls the above Class Method I have this: CDProductEntity *newEntity = [self newProductEntity]; Which results in an Analyzer warning: Method returns an Objective-C object with a +1 retain count (owning reference) Explicitly releasing or autoreleasing a Core Data entity is usually very very bad, but is that what it is asking me to do here? First it tells me it has a +0 retain count and that is bad, then it tells me it has a +1 which is also bad. What can I do to ensure that I am either dealing with a Analyzer hiccup or that I release correctly? Thanks in advance

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• Should I use C++0x Features Now?

  - by svu2g

  With the official release of VS 2010, is it safe for me to start using the partially-implemented C++0x feature set in my new code? The features that are of interest to me right now are both implemented by VC++ 2010 and recent versions of GCC. These are the only two that I have to support. In terms of the "safety" mentioned in the first sentence: can I start using these features (e.g., lambda functions) and still be guaranteed that my code will compile in 10 years on a compiler that properly conforms to C++0x when it is officially released? I guess I'm asking if there is any chance that VC++ 2010 or GCC will end up like VC++ 6; it was released before the language was officially standardized and consequently allowed grossly ill-formed code to compile. After all, Microsoft does say that "10 is the new 6". ;)

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