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• Dealing with upgrade of libevent on Amazon AWS

  - by Dreen

  I am building an application (in Python) on Amazon EC2 that has a following dependency chain: gevent-websocket ---> gevent ---> libevent The last one (libevent) got upgraded on Sunday and my server is now generating this error: (...) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/__init__.py", line 41, in <module> from gevent import core ImportError: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Not wanting to spend much time on the issue, I tried to mitigate it by creating a symlink to an always-recent version: $ sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/libevent.so /usr/lib64/libevent-1.4.so.2 But it didn't quite work: (...) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/__init__.py", line 41, in <module> from gevent import core ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/core.so: undefined symbol: current_base I am a bit stumped as to how to proceed. Should I create more symlinks? To what? Or is there a better way to solve this problem... PS. For the record I am using Amazon AMI.

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• OpenVPN access to a private network

  - by Gior312

  There are many similar topics about my issue, however I cannot figure out a solution for myself. There are three hosts. A without a routable address but with an Internet access. Server S with a routable Internet address and host B behind NAT in a private network. What I've managed to do is a OpenVPN connection between A and B via S. Everything works fine so far according to this manual VPN Setup What I want to do is to connect A to Bs private network 10.A.B.x I tried this manual but had no luck. So A has a vpn address 10.9.0.10, B's vpn address is 10.9.0.6 and B's private network is 10.20.20.0/24. When at the Server I try to make a route to Bs private network like this sudo route add 10.20.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.9.0.6 dev tun0 it says "route: netmask 000000ff doesn't make sense with host route" but I don't know how to tell Server to look for a private network in a different way. Do you know how can I make it right ?

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• Strange IP address showing up with OS X ssh

  - by user50799

  I was futzing around with DTrace on Mac OS X and found the following script that prints out information about connections being established: $ cat script.d syscall::connect:entry { printf("execname: %s\n", execname); printf("pid: %d\n", pid); printf("sockfd: %d\n",arg0); socks = (struct sockaddr*)copyin(arg1, arg2); hport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[0]; lport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[1]; hport <<= 8; port = hport + lport; printf("Port number: %d\n", port); printf("IP address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", socks->sa_data[2], socks->sa_data[3], socks->sa_data[4], socks->sa_data[5]); printf("======\n"); } I run it in one window: $ sudo dtrace -s ./script.d Then I ssh to another machine from another window. I get this output from my dtrace window: CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 3 Port number: 22 IP address: 192.168.0.207 ====== 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 5 Port number: 12148 IP address: 109.112.47.108 ====== ^C The first IP address I can explain (192.168.0.207), that's the machine I'm connecting to. But what's with the 109.112.47.108 machine? It doesn't show up in tcpdump nor netstat -an Is there something with my dtrace code or my understanding of how the connect system call works?

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• Disk doesn't contain a valid partition table

  - by Jeevan Dongre

  I was running a m1.small instance ec2 ubuntu instance. I was running out of disk space, so I upgraded my instance to medium. When I upgraded I actually got 429.5 GB of space and after that I added 10 gb of volume too. When I run the "sudo fdisk -l" command I got this results. Disk /dev/sda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda2: 429.5 GB, 429461078016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 52212 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 sda1 is the primary parition and sda2 is what I got added upgrading my system to medium. But the problem persists, I am not able to pull the code from git, it is giving me this error. remote: Counting objects: 409, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (236/236), done. fatal: write error: No space left on device fatal: index-pack failed

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• Mac OS X will only upload zero-byte files through FTP

  - by tabacitu

  I'm using Mac OS X Lion and i've been having this problem with FTP (any FTP client, mind you. I tried Transmit, FileZilla, Cyberduck and the Terminal, all with the same result) I can browse files in my FTP Client, but when I upload files, the client hangs for a few seconds, then thinks it uploaded the files successfully, but it only creates a new file with one blank line in it. Sometimes, it manages to upload 4-5 lines. It then returns: 226 - Error during read from data connection 226 Transfer aborted But 2xx is a success message. It is not a server issue, since any Windows machine will upload just fine using the same network. Can anybody figure out what the problem is? It renders my mac useless for web development. The problem persists with SFTP and FTP with SSL/TLS. Later edit: Solved! Ok, turns out the problem goes away when I take out my router and connect directly through PPPoE. So the problem is with the router, I thought. But no, the problem is with the mac that connects through a router that connects through a PPPoE and tries to upload using FTP. Pretty specific, I know. The problem is with the MTU (maximum transmission unit). Apparently, mac os x breaks the file into chunks that are too large for the router to send, because the router's MTU was set lower than Mac OS X's. My router's was 1492, which is ok, but my Mac's MTU was 1500, which is unacceptable. I don't even understand why it works directly with PPPoE. Anyway, if you encounter the same problem, this is how you diagnose and fix it: In terminal, run: ifconfig | grep mtu to see what the MTU is for en0 (or en1, mine was en0) If it's 1500, run sudo ifconfig en0 mtu 1300 This should solve it. If so, it may only be until the next restart. You can also change the MTU in System Preferences \ Network \ Ethernet - Advanced \ Hardware

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• OpenVPN + iptables / NAT routing

  - by Mikeage

  I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN VPN, which will carry some (but not all) traffic from the clients to the internet via the OpenVPN server. My OpenVPN server has a public IP on eth0, and is using tap0 to create a local network, 192.168.2.x. I have a client which connects from local IP 192.168.1.101 and gets VPN IP 192.168.2.3. On the server, I ran: iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On the client, the default remains to route via 192.168.1.1. In order to point it to 192.168.2.1 for HTTP, I ran ip rule add fwmark 0x50 table 200 ip route add table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -j MARK -p tcp --dport 80 --set-mark 80 Now, if I try accessing a website on the client (say, wget google.com), it just hangs there. On the server, I can see $ sudo tcpdump -n -i tap0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 05:39:07.928358 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 558838 0,nop,wscale 5> 05:39:10.751921 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 559588 0,nop,wscale 5> Where 74.125.67.100 is the IP it gets for google.com . Why isn't the MASQUERADE working? More precisely, I see that the source showing up as 192.168.1.101 -- shouldn't there be something to indicate that it came from the VPN? Edit: Some routes [from the client] $ ip route show table main 192.168.2.0/24 dev tap0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.4 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static $ ip route show table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 dev tap0

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• how do I fix a wrong UUID in grub.cfg?

  - by mozerella

  I run Debian Wheezy alone on my PC and I recently copied the root partition to another with rsync as I found that worked well (I also know about dd and ddrescue but they leave unusable space on the new partition). I generated a new random UUID for the new partition with sudo tune2fs -U random /dev/hda9 and also updated fstab / and /home entries. Then as I know so little about GRUB I used a gui (GRUB Customizer) to probe for the new OS and add an entry to GRUB and the MBR -it makes an /etc/grub.d entry then updates GRUB. On startup, the GRUB list contains the new OS (on sda9) but it boots the first OS (which I copied from -sda5). /boot/grub/grub.cfg contains the new debian OS but it looks like this set root='(hd0,msdos9)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 64662470-0e58-4dfd-90ac-43227d773556 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-2-amd64 root=UUID=cc3bca0d-aee4-4b9c-95c2-57212cc36d4d ro quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-2-amd64 the 1st uuid is of sda9, but the 2nd uuid there is of sda5. I can change the 2nd uuid at startup (with E) and it boots sda9. So how can I get grub.cfg corrected so that the sda9 GRUB list entry boots from sda9 permanently?

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• How can I upgradge from Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex 8.10 to Jaunty 9.04 when old-releases no longer has the necessary packages?

  - by tommy chheng

  I changed my sources.list to: deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse I tried installing sudo apt-get install update-manager-core but i get this error: 1 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 40 not upgraded. Need to get 2506kB/2555kB of archives. After this operation, 4346kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com intrepid-updates/main update-manager-core 1:0.93.34 404 Not Found Err http://old-releases.ubuntu.com intrepid-security/main dpkg 1.14.20ubuntu6.3 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/dpkg/dpkg_1.14.20ubuntu6.3_amd64.deb 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/u/update-manager/update-manager-core_0.93.34_amd64.deb 404 Not Found E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Running apt-get update or --fix-missing returns the same errors. How can I successfully upgrade from Intrepid Ibex to Jaunty 9.04?

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• Ubuntu server apt-get says "(-5 - No address associated with hostname)"

  - by Srini

  I have a ubuntu 12.04 server. Running sudo apt-get update on it produces errors like this: W: Failed to fetch http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages Something wicked happened resolving 'au.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) I am able to ping all the other hosts on the network and also Google's DNS 8.8.8.8. But am unable to ping www.google.com. So, I'm guessing something is wrong with my DNS setup, but not sure what. I use static IP and my /etc/network/interfaces looks like this: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 #dns-nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 #nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 My /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base are both empty and my /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original says: nameserver 192.168.1.1 Any help would be greatly appreciated. P.S. I've googled it a bit and the common resolution is to switch to DHCP which I don't want to do since this is my home server. Thanks Srini

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• Alfa AWUSO36H 1W dysfunctional driver

  - by BrainStorm

  I recently purchased an Alfa AWUSO36H 1W wireless USB adapter for my notebook, in order to improve signal strength and quality. I'm currently using Linux Mint 11, and the it uses the RTL8187 driver for this adapter, I'm also using a 4dbi antenna, though I have others. The problem is that this adapter does exactly the opposite of what it should, actually my internal Broadcom BCM4313 adapter works way better than the alfa. Browsing is slow, some network applications don't even work, pings against Google.com on the internal adapter runs smooth, while in the alfa it gets like 25% packets lost or more! I'm less them 50 feet from my AP, the internal adapter gets 44/70 link quality, and the alfa gets around 60/70 (iwconfig output). Also the system always sets alfa power to 20dbm(100mw), then I have to do sudo iw set reg B0 to make it 30dbm(1000mw), but apparently no significant change. I've installed wireless-compat drivers, no change either. And worst of all, in Windows 7 it works way more smoothly for browsing, though I couldn't test it properly there. I hope its a driver problem, even if it's a pain to find/compile Linux drivers for a starter, I prefer it to a hardware problem where I would need to buy another adapter, since I have no money left (except for the cantenna pieces).

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• Chef bash resource not executing as specified user

  - by Arthur Maltson

  I'm writing a Chef cookbook to install Hubot. In the recipe, I do the following: bash "install hubot" do user hubot_user group hubot_group cwd install_dir code <<-EOH wget https://github.com/downloads/github/hubot/hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ tar xzvf hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ cd hubot && \ npm install EOH end However, when I try to run chef-client on the server installing the cookbook, I'm getting a permission denied writing to the directory of the user that runs chef-client, not the hubot user. For some reason, npm is trying to run under the wrong user, not the user specified in the bash resource. I am able to run sudo su - hubot -c "npm install /usr/local/hubot/hubot" manually, and this gets the result I want (installs hubot as the hubot user). However, it seems chef-client isn't executing the command as the hubot user. Below you'll find the chef-client execution. Thank you in advance. Saving to: `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' 0K ...... 100% 563K=0.01s 2012-01-23 12:32:55 (563 KB/s) - `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' saved [7115/7115] npm ERR! Could not create /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! Failed creating the tarball. npm ERR! couldn't pack /tmp/npm-1327339976597/1327339976597-0.13104878342710435/contents/package to /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! error installing [email protected] Error: EACCES, permission denied '/home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log' ... npm not ok ---- End output of "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" ---- Ran "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" returned 1

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• "could not find suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware" error

  - by Alex

  I have a thinkpad t61 with a UPEK fingerprint reader. I'm running ubuntu 9.10, with fprint installed. Everything works fine (I am able to swipe my fingerprint to authenticate any permission dialogues or "sudo" prompts successfully) except for actually logging onto my laptop when I boot up or end my session. I receive an error below the gnome login that says "Could not locate any suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware." What is causing this? here are the contents of /etc/pam.d/common-auth file # # /etc/pam.d/common-auth - authentication settings common to all services # # This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files, # and should contain a list of the authentication modules that define # the central authentication scheme for use on the system # (e.g., /etc/shadow, LDAP, Kerberos, etc.). The default is to use the # traditional Unix authentication mechanisms. # # As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default. # To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any # local modules either before or after the default block, and use # pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See # pam-auth-update(8) for details. # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) auth sufficient pam_fprint.so auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure # here's the fallback if no module succeeds auth requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around auth required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) auth optional pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap # end of pam-auth-update config #auth sufficient pam_fprint.so #auth required pam_unix.so nullok_secure

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• Ubuntu 9.04: Ripping CDs with grip?

  - by chris

  I tried to rip a CD tonight, and couldn't figure out how to configure grip - /dev/cdrom doesn't seem to be the mount point for music CDs any more. How can I configure grip to find CDs? Update: /etc/fstab has /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 But there's nothing visible in /media/cdrom0 (or /media/cdrom, which is a symlink to cdrom0) There's an icon on the desktop labeled "Audio Disk" and opening it shows the .wav files on the CD. The location is cdda://sr0/, but grip doesn't like that either. Trying to manually mount /dev/sr0, I get $ sudo mount -t auto /dev/sr0 foo/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: you must specify the filesystem type Update 2: Tried to change the media handling preferences (From a file browser, Edit-Preferences, Media, CD Audio) to "Do Nothing". CD Still doesn't mount. Update 3: With an audio CD in the drive: $ ls -l /dev/ | grep cd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrom1 -> sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrw1 -> sr0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2009-09-15 22:13 pktcdvd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 scd0 -> sr0 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2009-09-15 22:13 sg2 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2009-09-15 22:13 sr0

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• tftpd starts randomly

  - by Mutant

  A few days ago my Little Snitch filter starts popping up tftpd. I'd never seen this before, so I immediately start freaking out thinking my Mac has been compromised. I can't find anything unusual on the system. The process usually dies before I can trace it (little snitch never allowed the connection just left the popup up). I finally caught it once, and found this: [10:32]: sudo lsof -nlP | fgrep tftp Password: tftpd 1924 18446744 cwd DIR 1,3 1326 2 / tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 29856 163979456 /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 600576 163686622 /usr/lib/dyld tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 303300608 189014898 /private/var/db/dyld/dyld_shared_cache_x86_64 tftpd 1924 18446744 0u IPv4 0x34a76100fcbb06e3 0t0 UDP *:55818 tftpd 1924 18446744 2u IPv4 0x34a76100f1113c53 0t0 UDP *:69 [10:32]: ps ax | fgrep 1924 1924 ?? S 0:00.00 /usr/libexec/tftpd -i /private/tftpboot 1949 s000 S+ 0:00.00 fgrep 1924 For the life of me I can't figure out what is starting this. Nothing in cron, launchdaemons, etc. Google searches haven't yielded much either. The connection IP is different each time. So my question is: Has anyone seen anything like this before?

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• Unable to resize ec2 ebs root volume

  - by nathanjosiah

  I have followed many of the tutorials that pretty much all say the same thing which is basically: Stop the instance Detach the volume Create a snapshot of the volume Create a bigger volume from the snapshot Attach the new volume to the instance Start the instance back up Run resize2fs /dev/xxx However, step 7 is where the problems start happening. In any case running resize2fs always tells me that it is already xxxxx blocks big and does nothing, even with -f passed. So I start to continue with tutorials which all basically say the same thing and that is: Delete all partitons Recreate them back to what they were except with the bigger sizes Reboot the instance and run resize2fs (I have tried these steps both from the live instance and by attaching the volume to another instance and running the commands there) The main problem is that the instance won't start back up again and the system error log provided in the AWS console doesn't provide any errors. (it does however stop at the grub bootloader which to me indicates that it doesn't like the partitions(yes, the boot flag was toggled on the partition with no affect)) The other thing that happens regardless of what changes I make to the partitions is that the instance that the volume is attached to says that the partition has an invalid magic number and the super-block is corrupt. However, if I make no changes and reattach the volume, the instance runs without a problem. Can anybody shed some light on what I could be doing wrong? Edit On my new volume of 20GB with the 6GB image,df -h says: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvde1 5.8G 877M 4.7G 16% / tmpfs 836M 0 836M 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l /dev/xvde says: Disk /dev/xvde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7d833f39 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvde1 1 766 6144000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvde2 766 784 146432 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Also, sudo resize2fs /dev/xvde1 says: resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 1536000 blocks long. Nothing to do!

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• umask seems to vary by user

  - by paullb

  I've got a development Ubuntu system for which I have several users: myself (with full sudo) and about 5 other users. (I've set up the system so everything in this respect is still at its default setting) I'm trying to set the system up so that multiple people can collaborate in a single directory by using grouing and I want the default permissions to be 664. However when some users edit files the permissions were 644. After a lot of investigating most users have a umask (checked at the prompt) of 0002 and when they create files they are 664 (as expected) but there are 2 (myself and one other) who have 0022 umask (so the files that come out are 644 and nobody else can write to them). I've looked everywhere but can't figure out why a couple users wind up with a different umask e.g. there is nothing the .bash_profile or anything like that) Any ideas for the source of the discrepancy? /etc/bashrc if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi /etc/profile if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi EDIT: My (bad) ~/.bashrc # .bashrc # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi # User specific aliases and functions export LANG=en_US.utf8 Other user (good) .bashrc # .bashrc # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi # User specific aliases and functions

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• Linux security: The dangers of executing malignant code as a standard user

  - by AndreasT

  Slipping some (non-root) user a piece of malignant code that he or she executes might be considered as one of the highest security breaches possible. (The only higher I can see is actually accessing the root user) What can an attacker effectively do when he/she gets a standard, (let's say a normal Ubuntu user) to execute code? Where would an attacker go from there? What would that piece of code do? Let's say that the user is not stupid enough to be lured into entering the root/sudo password into a form/program she doesn't know. Only software from trusted sources is installed. The way I see it there is not really much one could do, is there? Addition: I partially ask this because I am thinking of granting some people shell (non-root) access to my server. They should be able to have normal access to programs. I want them to be able to compile programs with gcc. So there will definitely be arbitrary code run in user-space...

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• shared hosting with malware, .htaccess file gets modified every 2 hours or so

  - by apache

  I spent all day today chasing malware on the shared hosting for one of my clients. The issue is as follows: Every 2 hours or so .htaccess file and all other .htaccess files gets modified, on the top of the file these lines are added: IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^.*(google|ask|yahoo|youtube|wikipedia|excite|altavista|msn|aol|goto|infoseek|lycos|search|bing|dogpile|facebook|twitter|live|myspace|linkedin|flickr)\.(.*) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 [R=301,L] </IfModule> and on the bottom: ErrorDocument 400 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 401 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 403 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 404 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 ErrorDocument 500 http://pasla-ghwoo.ru/rqpgfap?8 The main problem I'm not root on the server, and cannot sudo, as this is shared hosting with 100's of websites. Typical good commands like dmesg, lsof, dtrace, chattr and many others are not available to me as I'm not root. I can't find who is modifying .htaccess files, how do I get that info? My guess is some php script is changing that which is called from outside via command and control. This seems to relate to this: http://blog.unmaskparasites.com/2009/09/11/dynamic-dns-and-botnet-of-zombie-web-servers/ How do I find out who is modifying .htaccess files without being root?

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• Write once, read many (WORM) using Linux file system

  - by phil_ayres

  I have a requirement to write files to a Linux file system that can not be subsequently overwritten, appended to, updated in any way, or deleted. Not by a sudo-er, root, or anybody. I am attempting to meet the requirements of the financial services regulations for recordkeeping, FINRA 17A-4, which basically requires that electronic documents are written to WORM (write once, read many) devices. I would very much like to avoid having to use DVDs or expensive EMC Centera devices. Is there a Linux file system, or can SELinux support the requirement for files to be made complete immutable immediately (or at least soon) after write? Or is anybody aware of a way I could enforce this on an existing file system using Linux permissions, etc? I understand that I can set readonly permissions, and the immutable attribute. But of course I expect that a root user would be able to unset those. I considered storing data to small volumes that are unmounted and then remounted read-only, but then I think that root could still unmount and remount as writable again. I'm looking for any smart ideas, and worst case scenario I'm willing to do a little coding to 'enhance' an existing file system to provide this. Assuming there is a file system that is a good starting point. And put in place a carefully configured Linux server to act as this type of network storage device, doing nothing else. After all of that, encryption on the files would be useful too!

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• What's the mysql-5.5 compilation configuration arguments on Ubuntu 10.04?

  - by photon

  I want to install mysql 5.5 on my Ubuntu10.04 desktop system. But I'm not sure what arguments I should use after the cmake command. Though I've seen these articles: https://wikis.oracle.com/display/mysql/Cmake Building mysql-5.5.19 from source on ubuntu 11.10 with the static flag Compile MySQL 5.5.15 from source using autorun.sh and cmake, unable to start MySQL after Would anyone like to share the mysql-5.5 configuration arguments of compilation on Ubuntu 10.04? $cmake # what arguments to enter for this command update: cmake . -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/mysql_installation_dir -DWITH_SSL=no the official web site says it need to use cmake to compile the source package, but according to a teck blog, it doesn't need to compile the source, so which one is correct? When I use Cmake, I also had following error message: $ sudo cmake . -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql_community_5.5 -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name. CMake Error at cmake/build_configurations/mysql_release.cmake:126 (MESSAGE): Clarification: I'm not clever and I'm a slow-thinking guy. And I cannot find a clever guy around me to give me some useful help. So I come here and hope someone is kind and generous enough to take the time to post the details.

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• Problem with ubuntu 10.10 running from USB drive

  - by Surjya Narayana Padhi

  I recently downloaded Ubuntu 10.10 and created an USB drive with that. I started to run the Ubuntu from that USB drive. But I am facing so much problem. I am thinking why its not so much easy like Windows to do all my job in ubuntu. Always I get some error message or to install something. This time I am getting the following errors. I am trying to download and install Aircrack-ng. So used the command sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng. But the installation stops with the following error : update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) cp: cannot stat `/vmlinuz': No such file or directory dpkg: error processing bcmwl-kernel-source (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools bcmwl-kernel-source E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I don't even have the aptitude command installed till now. Are all these errors because of I am running the ubuntu from USB drive? Is there any simple and easy way to go to Ubuntu Software Center and download all the required essentials at one shot and then Aircrack-ng? I could not find the Aircrack-ng in Ubuntu Software Center Can anybody give me detail steps to solve all my problems above. I am frustrated searching for updates and installations. When something works and something does not work. Can anybody suggest me how I should proceed after installing ubuntu to run on a USB drive. So that I can use the OS like Windows. Like software download,wireless driver, sound, video, documents, C:, D: all things should be there. Please somebody help.

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• iptables blank after reboot

  - by theillien

  We've started encountering an issue with iptables on our RHEL 6.3 systems in that after a reboot, when the service starts, the rules are not loaded. We get the empty ruleset: [msnyder@matt-test ~]$ sudo iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination This is in spite of the fact that we have rules defined and the service is, indeed, running. That I know because when I run service iptables start it simply drops back to the prompt. If I run service iptables restart it actually stops and then restarts the service. And, of course, if I run service iptables stop it indicates that iptables is actually stopping. Knowing that I need to restart the service, I do so and the rules load up properly. They simply don't get loaded after a reboot. Unless they get loaded differently during a reboot I don't see how our rules would be wrong. If they were, they wouldn't even load during a service restart. Has anyone else ever encountered this? EDIT: The rules are already saved in /etc/sysconfig/iptables. They are not added on the fly from the command line so service iptables save is unnecessary.

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• Routing WIFI and LAN for specific traffic

  - by jakebird451

  I have two network devices aboard my macbook pro: WIFI (en1): Used for general traffic. Connects to an ip of 192.168.19.* via DHCP LAN (en0): Used for specific traffic. Connects to an ip of 192.168.2.10 as a static IP. Does not connect to a router, only a switch for direct routing connection. I have 4 IP addresses I need to access on the LAN: 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.21 192.168.2.20 192.168.2.30 The rest of the traffic needs to go to WIFI. I have tried setting up a routing table for the specific ip addresses, but I only managed to mess up my network. I do not venture out into the world of networking too often, but this was the latest command I have been trying: sudo route add -host 192.168.2.30 -interface en0 This command killed my ability to use ping. It told me that ping could not allocate memory (is that even possible)? It also killed my wifi access. Logging out and back in fixed the issue. I really do not mind to make this solution permanent, so I am fine with a temporary routing.

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• Setting up Virtual Host in Fedora Core 15 using apache

  - by Roland

  I'm trying to setup a couple of Virtual Host files on my Localhost PC running Fedora Core 15. Now I get this working, but now onloy one Virtual Host site works, and if I type in 127.0.0.1/test/testApp.php which is not related to the Virtual Host site , I get redirected to the Virtual Host site. Here's what I did. I created a new folder called virtualhosts in /etc/httpd/ where all my host files are stored in the following format site.conf In /etc/conf/httpd.conf I enabled NameVirtualHost *:80 and included the host files at the bottom of the config page like this Include virtualhosts/*.conf In /etc/hosts I added the line 127.0.0.1 website No when I run sudo httpd -t I get Syntax OK I restart apache and then the Virtualhost works, but as soon as I add other hosts and only use 127.0.0.1 as above it still links to the original host. Am I doing anything wrong here or left out something? An example of my Virtual Host file looks like this <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /var/www/html/website/ ServerName website ServerAlias website ErrorLog logs/dev-error_log CustomLog logs/dev-access_log common Alias /blog /var/www/html/blog/ <Directory /var/www/html/website/> Options FollowSymLinks Allow Override All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> #php_value error_reporting E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_DEPRECATED php_flag display_errors On php_value date.timezone Europe/London </VirtualHost>

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• Automatically creating volume partitions on boot

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I followed this guide: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Amazon+EC2+Quickstart to set up Mongodb. It had me create a RAID 10 array out of the four devices on EBS. Then it had me create a physical volume, a volume group, and three logical volumes out of that RAID 10 array. Lastly it had me create ext4 filesystems out of the logical volumes and mount them. Now the quickstart guide had me put two things in place so that these steps would be replicated on reboot of the system. It had me add some instructions to the mdadm.conf file to automatically create the RAID 10 array, and it also had me add instructions to the fstab file to automatically mount the filesystem for each logical volume. However, the quickstart guide does not have anything for automatically creating the logical volumes from the RAID 10 array. I checked my system and see that each of the four devices are part of a RAID array: $ sudo mdadm -Q /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdh1: is not an md array /dev/sdh1: device 0 in 4 device unknown raid10 array. Use mdadm --examine for more detail. However, the filesystem is never created or mounted from fstab because it's trying to mount it from logical volumes that were never created (or so it seems). My question is, how can I automatically accomplish all the steps from the quickstart guide on a reboot of the system, and what config file do I need to add data to so that I can automatically create these volume partions after the RAID 10 is created but before the filesystem is mounted. Also I'm unsure whether fstab actually creates and mounts the filesystem or just mounts the filesystem.

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