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• How to create a readonly root linux: Can be mounted as writeable for persistent changes?

  - by Mr Anderson

  I'd like a read only file system that runs almost entirely in RAM but the compact flash or hardrive can be mounted and made writeable to make persistent changes. How do I do this on Linux? I've looked at several tutorials but none really explain how to create such a system with the option of being able to mount the storage device and make persistent changes. I looked at this so far: http://chschneider.eu/linux/thin_client/ I also looked on the old gentoo wiki but the article was very specific to Gentoo. I'll be using a debian based Linux but it would be nice I've someone could explain to me how to do this in pretty generic instructions ,that would work on any Linux distro. Thanks.

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• Thunderbird alerts when expected email does not arrive

  - by user871199

  I am on Ubuntu 12.04 using Thunderbird as email client. Both are up to date in terms of updates. I have bunch of nightly jobs that do the work and send a status mail. It gets tedious if you keep getting same/similar mails every day so I ended up writing a mail filter rule which causes emails to end up in their respective folders automatically. If things are going ok, I really don't need to read emails. Failure emails are sent to different alias - if the job runs. We recently discovered that one of the job had not run for few days as someone accidentally disabled it. In order to avoid such problems in future, I would like to setup thunderbird in such a way that if I don't get email from given address within given duration, it should alert me. My dream solution is to set up frequency - some jobs do run every 4 hours. Is this possible? Can I setup Thunderbird (preferred) or other email client for reminding me when expected email does not show up. Based on comments and answer I received, here are the reasons why I would like to use Thunderbird. We are already using Thunderbird. It has calender support via plugin, so I suppose someone is already watching time to remind us about the event. May be this another type of event. Additional job is one more failure point, may complicate life if it has to monitor multiple hosts. Additional tools - same thing, one more failure point. Thunderbird can be run across all the platforms we are using - Windows and Ubuntu. It sort of becomes platform independent solution.

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• setting up a proxy to mirror an SSH SOCKS connection

  - by aresnick

  I have two remote machines, remote1 and remote2. remote2 is only running sshd, and I can't run anything else on it. remote1 is a full-fledged server to which I have complete access. I can run a SOCKS proxy on remote2 via ssh -f -N -D *:8080 me@remote2 which lets me expose a SOCKS proxy on port 8080 on remote1. I'd like to authenticate this so that the proxy isn't sitting open. How can I do this? It seems like I should be able to use delegate, but I can't even seem to get its HTTP proxy functionality working. When I run delegated -r -P8081 SERVER=http PERMIT="*:*:*" REMITTABLE="*" I can't even get it to work on port 8081. Anyway, I was hoping someone could point me in the right direction to let me authenticate access to the SOCKS proxy connection? That is, I want to be able to point my browser's proxy at remote1 and browse the internet through the SSH SOCKS proxy/tunnel to remote2. squid doesn't support a SOCKS parent =( Thanks!

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• Kernel Panic with gentoo boot (root partition not found)

  - by JB87

  Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0) grub.conf default 0 timeout 30 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Gentoo Linux 2.6.34-r6 root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/kernel-2.6.34-gentoo-r6 root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda3 vim:ft=conf: fdisk -l Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6 71 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 72 1044 7815622+ 83 Linux so im having trouble getting gentoo to boot, how can I change it from looking for root at block(1,0) to block(0,0) which is where my root partition is created? I though setting it to look to that hdd in grub is all I needed? that is my first guess to what might be causing the problem but not sure why it is giving this error. please advise...

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• Using GlusterFS for simple replication

  - by k7k0

  Hi, newbie question. I need to build this: /shared folder ~500GB of files, ~1MB each one. Two boxes (server1 and server2) connected by a 1Gbs LAN Every box needs to get r/w access to the files, so their are both clients I want that the files replicated on both boxes, every time a file is written in one server the same file should be present in the other one. My questions regarding GlusterFS: It'll duplicate the files on the same box?. For example the files are on /shared and the mount in /mnt/shared. It'll take 1GB space on every server? Instead, should I use the filesystem directly, locally writing on /shared? Does the replication work in this way without mountin a client? Also, if anyone know any other way to acomplish this setup I'll be very grateful. Thanks in advance.

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• CD-ROM Cant Be Accessed After Installing VMware Tools on VMware Server 2.0.2

  - by Optimal Solutions

  Using VMware Server 2.02, I set up a new VM (Windows XP Pro) applied all of the updates, added Windows addons from the install CD, etc... I got it to a stable point and up through that point I was able to access the CD-ROM drive (E: on my host). What I never did before was install "VMware Tools" and since it claims to give better mouse and video support, I gave it a shot. What it does is it places the install package in a virtual CD-ROM drive. I ran the install, no errors and it wants a reboot. I log back in after reboot and pop in the install CD for Microsoft Office 2003 and I receive the message "Please Insert A Disc Into Drive D:". Drive D: would be the next logical drive after the C: drive where I chose to install the OS. The message box sits there and if I click "Cancel", to return to Windows Explorer, the status bar seems to blink ever 1/2 second - as if its polling for a CD-ROM drive or something. No bangs or exclamations in the Device Manager for any hardware. I had taken a snapshot prior to the VMware Tools install and upon restoring it, the CD-ROM is back. I made copies of two other VMs, installed the VMware Tools on those VMs and both experienced the same issues: Windows 2003 Server and Windows 7 (32-bit). Has anyone seen this issue and know of a fix for this? It would be nice to have the better graphics and better mouse control AND use my CD-ROM drive as well! Thank you.

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• How to access Guest (Linux) Filesystem from Host (Windows) in VirtualBox

  - by Dominic Barnes

  I am trying to synchronize my music between my desktop (Ubuntu 9.10) and my laptop (VirtualBox: Windows 7 host & Ubuntu 9.10 guest) I use Unison to perform the actual sync, which itself is not the problem. I am ultimately trying to get my Windows 7 host to be able to access the music files so I can sync my iPod Touch. What I need to figure out is how I can that to work. I would prefer to actually perform the sync to my Ubuntu Guest, mostly because of the filename allowed character differences between Windows and Linux. Is there a way to access the files on my Linux Guest from the Windows Host? Can I mount the VDI in Windows when VirtualBox is off? Can I have Windows Host access the Linux Guest filesystem while VirtualBox is running?

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• Can I use a Retail DVD media with an OEM key to install Windows Vista?

  - by Sammy

  I got a Fujitsu computer with OEM license key and Windows Vista. I would like to reinstall Windows on it. But I didn't get any Windows media with it. However, I do poses more than just one DVD installation disc from my Retail copies of Windows Vista that I use on other computers. Can I use this media instead? Or do I have to order a specialty OEM DVD media from the manufacturer or Microsoft? Update: I have found some partition called "EISA" configuration partition. It is a hidden partition that I found in Disk Management. How can I make use of this? Do I boot from it or do I mount it to a drive letter and access it inside Windows? Can this be used to restore the computer? It is about 11 GB in size.

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• adding trac to apache2 configuration file

  - by Michael

  I currently have apache2 running from a mythtv/mythweb install. This made two config files available in sites-enabled. One of them ("default-mythbuntu") has the VirtualHost directive and seems like a normal file (except a change to the directory index). There is also a mythweb.conf file that only has directives and sets various variables for mythweb. I want to host a trac site as well. According to this site: http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/TracOnUbuntu there are some setting I need to set for the Trac site. They give me directions for making a VirtualHost, but I think I should use the current VirtualHost and just add the directives (I'll need to change the default location they point to from the site above to just point to the trac location). Where should I put these directives? Can I make a Trac.conf with just the settings for Trac and enable it, or do I need to put them in the default-mythbuntu file? I don't like that later because it doesn't separate out the Trac configs. How does Apache know that the mythweb (and the trac.conf I want to make) belong to the virtualhost defined in the default-mythbuntu? It is the only virtualhost that is being defined on my system if that matters.

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• Mutli-processor workstation as a workstation/server

  - by posdef

  I work in a research institute and a number of programs we use are computationally intensive (I actually wrote one of them). Right now we have one computer that is dedicated for one of these programs (with local accounts only, as in users physically sitting in front of that pc) and the other programs are run on individual workstations assigned to people. I have been looking around to common brands such as Dell and HP, for a some sort of a small/medium scale server, which can be used as a workhorse by sending tasks remotely. It appears as if there is nothing in between workstations with one 6-core processor and a bunch of extras (like fancy graphics etc) and rack mount servers with ridiculous amount of RAM and HDD expansion capabilities but still relatively little number of processors/cores. I wonder if what I am looking for is such a small niche product? Are there other solutions that I might not be aware of? Does anyone know of a multi proc- multi-core workstation/server that is still within the reasonable

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• Formatted mac external hard drive loaded on pc

  - by kjokay

  I have an issue where it appears that an external hard drive which had been formatted on a mac system was loaded as a drive in Windows. Windows is obviously unable to read the data and now the drive won't mount in the mac. It appears that Windows overwrote something concerning the drive's information on what filesystems and types it has on it. Mac diskutility is unable to repair the drive and the partition is showing up in the utility as a FAT32. Using an applexsoft utility, I am able to verify the data is still on this drive, but I'd rather not spend $100 to save these files (its not my hard drive anyways). Is there a way I can use some UNIX commands to find out the partition information on the drive, back the raw data up on it, then restore the data back onto the drive after re-formatting it again?

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• Encryption of OS X to Windows SMB traffic and password

  - by Brian

  I connected to a Windows Server 2008 R2 shared folder from a Mac OS X Mountain Lion computer over the Internet using this command: mount -t smbfs //user@server/path/to/share local_folder Is traffic encrypted by default? What settings do I look at (if any) to know whether it was encrypted? If it wasn't encrypted, what's the easiest way to encrypt it? Was the password I typed at the command line encrypted? Update: sysadmin1138 has addressed the password question. Does anyone know how I can tell if the traffic itself is being encrypted?

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• ProCurve 1800 switch issue

  - by user98651

  I recently deployed ProCurve 1800-24G switches in place of some older ProCurve 2424M switches in my network. However, I'm having a serious problem with the switch connected to the router. It seems, every night when our Windows 2008 R2 server (off site) runs a backup to a iSCSI target (on site) [facilitated through a PPTP tunnel] the LAN loses connectivity with the router. To clarify, there is only one router which is connected to the switch affected by this problem. The only way to resolve the issue is to either reboot the router or pull the ethernet cable that goes to the router and plug it back in. During the outage, clients cannot receive DHCP requests, DNS requests, ping, or do anything else with the router in this state. Now, neither the switch or router are configured extensively and the issue only seems to have surfaced with the new switch in place. I have tried a number of things including replacing cables, rebooting and checking the switch configuration (it is literally as basic as you can get at this point-- flat LAN, no trunking). Interestingly, the router shows (accessed externally) no changes in configuration or status during this state but similarly cannot ping or access other hosts on the network. This issue occurs in different stages of backup (ie, different amounts transferred). I've also dumped packets from the switch into WireShark but cannot seem to find any anomaly yet (I'm looking at packets around the time the issue appeared and at the time when I reset the NIC). Any suggestions for what to look for? Ideas on what could be causing this? I'm seeing some transmit/receive errors on the NIC from both the router and switch side but nothing serious when compared to the total packet counts. I'm seriously doubting hardware at this point, as I have tried another switch, different cables, and a different NIC on the router.

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• Securely wiping a file on a tmpfs

  - by Nanzikambe

  I have a script that decrypts some data to a tmpfs, the directory is secure (permissions), the machine's swap is encrypted (random key on boot) and when the script is done it does a 35 pass wipe (Peter Gutmann) of the cleartext on the tmpfs . I do this because I'm aware wiping files on a journaling file system is insecure, data may be recovered. For discussion, here're the relevant bits extracted: # make the tmpfs mkdir /mnt/tmpfs chmod 0700 /mnt/tmpfs mount -t tmpfs -o size=1M tmpfs /mnt/tmpfs cd /mnt/tmpfs # decrypt the data gpg -o - <crypted_input_file> | \ tar -xjpf - # do processing stuff # wipe contents find . -type f -exec bcwipe -I {} ';' # nuke the tmpfs cd .. umount -f /mnt/tmpfs rm -fR /mnt/tmpfs So, my question, assuming for the moment that nobody is able to read the cleartext in the tmpfs while it exists (I use umask to set cleartext to 0600), is there any way any trace of the cleartext could remain either in memory or on disk after the snippet above completes?

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• chown: changing ownership of `.': Invalid argument

  - by Pierre

  I'm trying to install some new files on our new server while our sysadmin is in holidays: Here is my df # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb3 273G 11G 248G 5% / tmpfs 48G 260K 48G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 485M 187M 273M 41% /boot xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun 63T 2.2T 61T 4% /commun as root , I can create a new directory and run chown under /home/lindenb # cd /home/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X but I cannot run the same command under /commun # cd /commun/data/users/lindenb/ # mkdir X # chown lindenb X chown: changing ownership of `X': Invalid argument why ? how can I fix this ? updated: mount: /dev/sdb3 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) xxx.xx.xxx.xxx:/commun on /commun type nfs (rw,noatime,noac,hard,intr,vers=4,addr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx,clientaddr=xxx.xx.xxx.xxx) version: $ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.3 (Final)

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• Move files and resize partition automatically?

  - by Rob

  I'm in a bit of an odd situation. I've recently been working on switching from debian to arch, and I've got my home partition for both pointing to the same partition (different usernames, so that's not an issue). What I want to do is one of two things, either: Set up user on arch with same username and group as debian, and have everything just sort of work! OR Move files I'd like to share between home folders to their own partition, and mount it with fstab. For the second one, I have around 150gb of files that would need moved to their own partition, and i've got about 15gb of free space on my home partition. So what I'd want to do is somehow make a 10gb ext4 partition, move 10gb-ish of files, expand the partition again, move files again, etc until all the files are moved to their own partition. I can do it manually, but it'd be easier if I could say "Move 10GB-ish of files from here to there, and then resize it and repeat until I'm out of files". Is that even possible?

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• maildir in Windows for IMAP

  - by User1

  I'm interested in accessing my IMAP accounts offline. I found that maildirs are a simple way to make it work. I found that [offlineimap] takes care of almost everything in making the IMAP-maildir sync happen. Then, I can open the account in Mutt or Wanderlust client. One major problem, maildirs use colons in their filenames. Windows doesn't allow colons. I tried mount -f -s -b -o managed "d:/tmp/mail" "/home/of/mail" in Cygwin, but doing an echo test > /home/of/mail/test:file didn't work I'm thinking about ext2fs, but I need an ext2 partition somewhere. Can I make a file into a partition somehow? I don't want to start modifying my hard drive's partition table. Besides, does anyone know if ext2fs will support colons in filenames?

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• Set up WLAN in 3-level house

  - by Balint Erdi

  I'm having a hard time setting up the network in our house. It has three levels (basement, ground floor, first level). The WLAN is set up by an ASUS RT-N12 router which provides perfect coverage for the ground floor and the basement. However, I set up my "home office" in the basement where the signal barely arrived. So I purchased a TP-Link TL-WA901ND (300 Mbps) Access Point which I set up in the other corner of the ground floor to expand the ASUS router's range. I used the AP's Repeater mode for that. The distance between my computer and the TP-Link AP is 6-7 meters. There is a staircase going down from the ground floor to the basement so there are no solid walls between the computer and the AP. This setup mostly works (I am writing this from the basement) but it is not reliable (the signal strength sometimes goes down to ~40% of the max) sometimes so I wonder if I am doing it correctly or if there is a better way. Screenshot of the router's and the AP's dashboard screen follow: Any comments on what I am doing wrong or hints for improvement are appreciated. Thank you. UPDATE Tried one more thing, setting up the TP-LINK AP in Access Point mode. That way, I can make it use a different SSID. I enabled WDS/Bridge so that it expands the range of the ASUS router (see screenshot). That does not work, either, if I connect to the network set up by the TP-LINK device (PELSTER-2), I can't reach the external network (the Internet). It seems the problem always comes back to this, the TP-LINK does not have access to the external network, whatever its mode of operation.

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• Install mountain lion by using the .dmg from installer app

  - by Leonardo

  I already have a Mountain Lion Installer app, downloaded from Apple Store. Now, I would like to install ML on another machine I own. I didn't want to download it again, so I copied the .app to the other machine and try to run. Unfortunately due to some error about mac unable to run the .app I wasn't able to install. Most tutorial suggest to make a bootable USB starting by the installer InstallESD.dmg, found in installer .app. I would like instead to run the .dmg directly. So I have three 'propedeutic' questions: can I just mount and run the .dmg without making a bootable drive ? I do have backup, a TimeCapsule one to be precise. In case of failure, can I just use the previous backup, and restore to Lion 10.7 ? from 'Apple Store point of view', would my machine be recognized as upgraded and elegible for future update ?

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• Linux: Combine two partitions?

  - by Jakobud

  This workstation is running Fedora 11. It has 4 HDDs raided into 4 partitions: / (31 gig) /boot (134 meg) /data (140 gig) /FC12 (31 gig) The previous employee that used my current workstation set it up this way. He apparently created the FC12 partition to test a Fedora 12 installation. I don't need Fedora 12 so I wiped that partition and now I'm wondering if its possible for me to combine the /FC12 partition into the / partition, so that the / partition will now be 62 gigs. Is this possible? If so, how? Can it be done w/o reinstalling the OS? I've toyed with Fedora's LVM admin interface but it seems very basic and there doesn't seem to be anything about combining partitions. I've also messed with other HDD utilities that are in Fedora (Palimpsest Disk Utlity) but all it seems to be able to do is mount and umount partitions.

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• Symantec Endpoint Protection Virus Definitions

  - by Gus Denton

  I have done some Googling but I cannot get a definitive answer certainly not from the Symantec KB. I have a Virtualised Win 2003R2 server 32bit. It has been provisioned to me with Symantec Endpoint Protection 11.0.62xxx CLIENT (not a definitions server) the directory C:\Program Files\Common Files\Symantec Shared\VirusDefs is 750MB IT doesn't contain .tmp directories so it is NOT a corrupt definitions server. IT does contain directories named with a date pattern YYYYMMDD.xxx Some of these folders are 12 months old and I would like to recover the space. The sysmantect forums are full of this stuff but a lot of the postings contain links back to documents that are not specific to End Point Protection Client. It appears that I should be able to delete the older folders and all will be OK. with a service restart however there is a warning about having Live Update Administrator Installed Firstly I have no idea if I have this installed how to I check and secondly can I just ditch these old files and restart ? Regards Gus Denton Learning and Teaching Uni of New South Wales Sydney Australia For those trying to assist me I thankyou. I have followed some instructions found on the Symantec site and assumed that the response from Nixphoe would resolve my issue. It appears that as I am on a provisioned VM from a central IT unit I cannot run the Symantec commands from the Run prompt as my admin creds to get me in. (smc -stop) Basically I need to claw back some Diskspace from the c: drive which is being filed up with WSUS patches and Symantec files. I have managed to delete one symantec cache through the live update control panel and recovered 470Mb I suppose my last question for those more experienced than myself is, can I simply remove say the two oldest virus definition folders without completely foobaring the End Point protection and the server ? Regards Gus

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• Run a BitLocker protected Windows 7 installation on VirtualBox from physical drive

  - by djechelon

  I have a broken laptop with its hard drive intact. I'll be getting it repaired in a few days but I must continue my work possibly uninterrupted, so I chose to run the OS in another working laptop (I can't just transfer documents). My question is really simple: Can I create a virtual machine in VirtualBox (under Linux) that uses the physical hard drive mentioned above which is encrypted with BitLocker? I have the restore key at hand, of course. I wouldn't like to mount the hard disk as primary hard disk for laptop (and run 7 as primary OS), but that could be the final choice if virtualizing is not an option. Thank you.

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• Getting FC11 to run under VMware Server, converted from physical machine

  - by Kristian

  I have a FC11 installation that I have converted to a VMware disk image to run om my VMware Server. I converted it with qemu-img, as the VMware Converter software apparently only converts Linux hosts to VMware Infrastructure servers. The disk image boots fine (grub is loaded and boots the kernel) but it seems like the disk is not found by the kernel, and the boot process stalls. Hotplugging USB devices work (the kernel prints debug information) and I'm able to press keys (Ctrl-Alt-Delete for instance). The VMware guest OS is set to RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 (32 bit), and I have tried both the LSI Logic, LSI Logic SAS and VMware Accelerated SCSI SCSI controllers, to no avail. I'm able to boot an installer disk and get into rescue mode and mount the filesystem, so my question is, what do I need to do to the guest kernel / initrd image to make it recognize the virtual disk?

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• Image file can't be opened by windows store app if the file is in the Ext4's external hard disk

  - by ? ?

  My question is described below: I have two disks, external hard disk and removable disk. They are formatted with EXT4. I put the same image in the disks, and use Ext2Fsd to mount the disks. I open the file in win8, and it will default open by the windows store app : photos. It will be success to open if the file is in the Ext4's removable disk. It will be failed to open if the file is in the Ext4's external hard disk. I don't know why it will be failed to open if the file is in the Ext4's external hard disk. Does anyone have similar experiences?

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• On boot firmware request for intel GMA 3100 chipset timing out

  - by Yannick M.

  I am currently in the process of installing a Gentoo linux box with a Vanilla 2.6.29-r5 kernel with gentoo-xen-kernel patches in order to run the Xen Hypervisor. After rebooting with the new kernel, the booting process seemed to hang on: [ 0.863005] platform microcode: firmware: requesting intel-ucode/06-0f-07 [ 60.863442] Microcode Update Driver: v2.00-xen <[email protected]>, Peter Oruba Apparently the firmware request times out after 60 seconds (/sys/class/firmware/timeout) and booting just continues. I have done some research and have found that on RHEL-4 this problem was related to the mount of /sys changed and the firmware.agent hotplug script couldn't parse the line correctly. However I am having some difficulty tracking down how to fix this on Gentoo. Any and all ideas are greatly appreciated! Thanks

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