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  • Make network changes permanent - C++

    - by pparescasellas
    I need to allow an external client to change the IP of the Linux machine where the program is running (C++). I already know how to list all the local interfaces and the current IPs assigned to them. I also know how to programatically change said IPs. What I need to know is how to make this change permanent so, if the machine reboots, it keeps the same network configuration. What's the best way to do this? Manually parsing /etc/network/interfaces? Calling some linux command? Edit: I'm using Debian. Thanks!

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  • The illusion of Competence

    - by tony_lombardo
    Working as a contractor opened my eyes to the developer food chain.  Even though I had similar experiences earlier in my career, the challenges seemed much more vivid this time through.  I thought I’d share a couple of experiences with you, and the lessons that can be taken from them. Lesson 1: Beware of the “funnel” guy.  The funnel guy is the one who wants you to funnel all thoughts, ideas and code changes through him.  He may say it’s because he wants to avoid conflicts in source control, but the real reason is likely that he wants to hide your contributions.  Here’s an example.  When I finally got access to the code on one of my projects, I was told by the developer that I had to funnel all of my changes through him.  There were 4 of us coding on the project, but only 2 of us working on the UI.  The other 2 were working on a separate application, but part of the overall project.  So I figured, I’ll check it into SVN, he reviews and accepts then merges in.  Not even close.  I didn’t even have checkin rights to SVN, I had to email my changes to the developer so he could check those changes in.  Lesson 2: If you point out flaws in code to someone supposedly ‘higher’ than you in the developer chain, they’re going to get defensive.  My first task on this project was to review the code, familiarize myself with it.  So of course, that’s what I did.  And in familiarizing myself with it, I saw so many bad practices and code smells that I immediately started coming up with solutions to fix it.  Of course, when I reviewed these changes with the developer (guy who originally wrote the code), he smiled and nodded and said, we can’t make those changes now, it’s too destabilizing.  I recommended we create a new branch and start working on refactoring, but branching was a new concept for this guy and he was worried we would somehow break SVN. How about some concrete examples? I started out by recommending we remove NUnit dependency and tests from the application project, and create a separate Unit testing project.  This was met with a little bit of resistance because - “How do I access the private methods?”  As it turned out there weren’t really any private methods that weren’t exposed by public methods, so I quickly calmed this fear. Win 1 Loss 0 Next, I recommended that all of the File IO access be wrapped in Using clauses, or at least properly wrapped in try catch finally.  This recommendation was accepted.. but never implemented. Win 2  Loss 1 Next recommendation was to refactor the command pattern implementation.  The command pattern was implemented, but it wasn’t really necessary for the application.  More over, the fact that we had 100 different command classes, each with it’s own specific command parameters class, made maintenance a huge hassle.  The same code repeated over and over and over.  This recommendation was declined, the code was too fragile and this change would destabilize it.  I couldn’t disagree, though it was the commands themselves in many cases that were fragile. Win 2 Loss 2 Next recommendation was to aid performance (and responsiveness) of the application by using asynchronous service calls.  This on was accepted. Win 2 Loss 3 If you’re paying any attention, you’re wondering why the async service calls was scored as a loss.. Let me explain.  The service call was made using the async pattern.  Followed by a thread.sleep  <facepalm>. Now it’s easy to be harsh on this kind of code, especially if you’re an experienced developer.  But I understood how most of this happened.  One junior guy, working as hard as he can to build his first real world application, with little or no guidance from anyone else.  He had his pattern book and theory of programming to help him, but no real world experience.  He didn’t know how difficult it would be to trace the crashes to the coding issues above, but he will one day.  The part that amazed me was the management position that “this guy should be a team lead, because he’s worked so hard”.  I’m all for rewarding hard work, but when you reward someone by promoting them past the point of their competence, you’re setting yourself and them up for failure.  And that’s lesson 3.  Just because you’ve got a hard worker, doesn’t mean he should be leading a development project.  If you’re a junior guy busting your ass, keep at it.  I encourage you to try new things, but most importantly to learn from your mistakes.  And correct your mistakes.  And if someone else looks at your code and shows you a laundry list of things that should be done differently, don’t take it personally – they’re really trying to help you.  And if you’re a senior guy, working with a junior guy, it’s your duty to point out the flaws in the code.  Even if it does make you the bad guy.  And while I’ve used “guy” above, I mean both men and women.  And in some cases mutant dinosaurs. 

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  • We’ve Got 10 Free Copies of Microsoft’s Networking Windows 7 eBook to Give Away. Get Yours!

    - by The Geek
    Last month, we reviewed our friend Ciprian’s new book by Microsoft Press, Network Your Computers & Devices: Step by Step—and we’ve twisted his arm until he decided to give away 10 free copies for our readers. First, the book: It’s a great book that covers networking between computers running Windows 7, XP, Vista, Linux, and even Mac OS X. Just as the title suggests, he’s got step-by-step tutorials that explain how to get your network up and running with a minimum of fuss. Want to see for yourself? You can grab a copy of the free sample chapter if you’d like, or you can look through the chapter outline: Chapter 1: Setting Up a Router and Devices Chapter 2: Setting User Accounts on All Computers Chapter 3: Setting Up Your Libraries on All Windows 7 Computers Chapter 4: Creating the Network Chapter 5: Customizing Network Sharing Settings in Windows 7 Chapter 6: Creating the Homegroup and Joining Windows 7 Computers Chapter 7: Sharing Libraries and Folders Chapter 8: Sharing and Working with Devices Chapter 9: Streaming Media Over the Network and the Internet Chapter 10: Sharing Between Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 Computers Chapter 11: Sharing Between Mac OS X and Windows 7 Computers Chapter 12: Sharing Between Ubuntu Linux and Windows 7 Computers Chapter 13: Keeping the Network Secure Chapter 14: Setting Up Parental Controls Chapter 15: Troubleshooting Network and Internet Problems Whether you believe it’s the perfect book or not, we’re giving away one for free, so keep reading. Giveaway Details: Or What You Need to Do Since we’ve got an awful lot of subscribers, and we’ve only got 10 ebooks to give away, we need a few rules. So here’s how you can put your name into the hat for the giveaway: Method 1: Leave a comment on the giveaway post over on our Facebook Fan page. Obviously you’ll need to Like us before you can leave a comment. Method 2: If you don’t use Facebook, you can tweet this post using the Tweet button at the top of the article. Winners: We’ll randomly pick 10 winners from those who participate. Expiration: This giveaway expires in 3 days, give or take a day. We’ll announce the winners and contact them directly. So go forth, and get yourself a free ebook! Of course, if you want the print version, you can get that for a discount over on Amazon at the moment. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC Internet Explorer 9 RC Now Available: Here’s the Most Interesting New Stuff Here’s a Super Simple Trick to Defeating Fake Anti-Virus Malware How to Change the Default Application for Android Tasks Stop Believing TV’s Lies: The Real Truth About "Enhancing" Images The How-To Geek Valentine’s Day Gift Guide Inspire Geek Love with These Hilarious Geek Valentines MyPaint is an Open-Source Graphics App for Digital Painters Can the Birds and Pigs Really Be Friends in the End? [Angry Birds Video] Add the 2D Version of the New Unity Interface to Ubuntu 10.10 and 11.04 MightyMintyBoost Is a 3-in-1 Gadget Charger Watson Ties Against Human Jeopardy Opponents Peaceful Tropical Cavern Wallpaper

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  • How can I install the latest full version of Canon ZoomBrowser EX without the original CD?

    - by Sorin Sbarnea
    ZoomBrowser EX comes with Canon cameras. Canon software enigeering team did a really poor job analyzing how people are using the software: people do lose their x-year old CD or do not have it with them when travelling do not have a CD drive at all (very common nowdays) Canon updater from their website does not allow you to install the software if it does not find the original CD in the drive. The question is how do I trick the installer to run on a computer and install the product that I payed for. Currently the latest version is 6.5.1.15 and you can download the updater from Canon website. In fact the updater is just the full installer but it doesn't allow you to install if it doesn't find a previous install or the original CD. Note: In the past I used to save a registry file with registry keys used by it, loading it did allowed me to run the installer but now, with Windows 7 x64 it seams that it doesn't work anymore.

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  • How can I ensure an ex-administrator of Exchange doesn't still have email access somewhere?

    - by Tony T
    I work for a company in which an ex-employee had administrative access to Microsoft Exchange 2007, and I understand that at some points this person had email which was sent to other employees also forwarded on to him. Upon taking over the administration of the server, of course all of his known accounts were closed, and any of those forwarding rules were removed. However, I would like to ensure that we didn't miss anything. What would be the best way to ensure that: (1) There isn't still some sort-of email being forwarded on to him somewhere? (2) That he doesn't have some sort-of other access to an inbox or another employee's email? I am less concerned about access to the box itself as I am that there is an existing email rule somewhere that is still getting run, or that there is a distribution list that we missed, etc.

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  • ASP.NET Error Handling: Creating an extension method to send error email

    - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama
    Error handling in asp.net required to handle any kind of error occurred. We all are using that in one or another scenario. But some errors are there which will occur in some specific scenario in production environment in this case We can’t show our programming errors to the End user. So we are going to put a error page over there or whatever best suited as per our requirement. But as a programmer we should know that error so we can track the scenario and we can solve that error or can handle error. In this kind of situation an Error Email comes handy. Whenever any occurs in system it will going to send error in our email. Here I am going to write a extension method which will send errors in email. From asp.net 3.5 or higher version of .NET framework  its provides a unique way to extend your classes. Here you can fine more information about extension method. So lets create extension method via implementing a static class like following. I am going to use same code for sending email via my Gmail account from here. Following is code for that. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Net.Mail; namespace Experiement { public static class MyExtension { public static void SendErrorEmail(this Exception ex) { MailMessage mailMessage = new MailMessage(new MailAddress("[email protected]") , new MailAddress("[email protected]")); mailMessage.Subject = "Exception Occured in your site"; mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = true; System.Text.StringBuilder errorMessage = new System.Text.StringBuilder(); errorMessage.AppendLine(string.Format("<B>{0}</B>:{1}<BR/>","Exception",ex.Message)); errorMessage.AppendLine(string.Format("<B>{0}</B>:{1}<BR/>", "Stack Trace", ex.StackTrace)); if (ex.InnerException != null) { errorMessage.AppendLine(string.Format("<B>{0}</B>:{1}<BR/>", " Inner Exception", ex.InnerException.Message)); errorMessage.AppendLine(string.Format("<B>{0}</B>:{1}<BR/>", "Inner Stack Trace", ex.InnerException.StackTrace)); } mailMessage.Body = errorMessage.ToString(); System.Net.NetworkCredential networkCredentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential("[email protected]", "password"); SmtpClient smtpClient = new SmtpClient(); smtpClient.EnableSsl = true; smtpClient.UseDefaultCredentials = false; smtpClient.Credentials = networkCredentials; smtpClient.Host = "smtp.gmail.com"; smtpClient.Port = 587; smtpClient.Send(mailMessage); } } } After creating an extension method let us that extension method to handle error like following in page load event of page. using System; namespace Experiement { public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender,System.EventArgs e) { try { throw new Exception("My custom Exception"); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.SendErrorEmail(); Response.Write(ex.Message); } } } } Now in above code I have generated custom exception for example but in production It can be any Exception. And you can see I have use ex.SendErrorEmail() function in catch block to send email. That’s it.. Now it will throw exception and you will email in your email box like below.   That’s its. It’s so simple…Stay tuned for more.. Happy programming.. Technorati Tags: Exception,Extension Mehtod,Error Handling,ASP.NET

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  • BlockingCollection having issues with byte arrays

    - by MJLaukala
    I am having an issue where an object with a byte[20] is being passed into a BlockingCollection on one thread and another thread returning the object with a byte[0] using BlockingCollection.Take(). I think this is a threading issue but I do not know where or why this is happening considering that BlockingCollection is a concurrent collection. Sometimes on thread2, myclass2.mybytes equals byte[0]. Any information on how to fix this is greatly appreciated. MessageBuffer.cs public class MessageBuffer : BlockingCollection<Message> { } In the class that has Listener() and ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) private MessageBuffer RecievedMessageBuffer; On Thread1 private void Listener() { while (this.IsListening) { try { Message message = Message.ReadMessage(this.Stream, this); if (message != null) { this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Add(message); } } catch (IOException ex) { if (!this.Client.Connected) { this.OnDisconnected(); } else { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); this.OnDisconnected(); } } } Message.ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) public static Message ReadMessage(NetworkStream stream, iTcpConnectClient client) { int ClassType = -1; Message message = null; try { ClassType = stream.ReadByte(); if (ClassType == -1) { return null; } if (!Message.IDTOCLASS.ContainsKey((byte)ClassType)) { throw new IOException("Class type not found"); } message = Message.GetNewMessage((byte)ClassType); message.Client = client; message.ReadData(stream); if (message.Buffer.Length < message.MessageSize + Message.HeaderSize) { return null; } } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); throw ex; } catch (Exception ex) { Logger.LogException(ex.ToString()); //throw ex; } return message; } On Thread2 private void ReceivedMessageHandler(object messageProcessor) { if (messageProcessor != null) { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(messageProcessor); } } else { while (this.IsListening) { Message message = this.RecievedMessageBuffer.Take(); message.Reconstruct(); message.HandleMessage(); } } } PlayerStateMessage.cs public class PlayerStateMessage : Message { public GameObject PlayerState; public override int MessageSize { get { return 12; } } public PlayerStateMessage() : base() { this.PlayerState = new GameObject(); } public PlayerStateMessage(GameObject playerState) { this.PlayerState = playerState; } public override void Reconstruct() { this.PlayerState.Poisiton = this.GetVector2FromBuffer(0); this.PlayerState.Rotation = this.GetFloatFromBuffer(8); base.Reconstruct(); } public override void Deconstruct() { this.CreateBuffer(); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Poisiton, 0); this.AddToBuffer(this.PlayerState.Rotation, 8); base.Deconstruct(); } public override void HandleMessage(object messageProcessor) { ((MessageProcessor)messageProcessor).ProcessPlayerStateMessage(this); } } Message.GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) This is where the exception is thrown because this.Buffer is byte[0] when it should be byte[20]. public Vector2 GetVector2FromBuffer(int bufferlocation) { return new Vector2( BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation), BitConverter.ToSingle(this.Buffer, Message.HeaderSize + bufferlocation + 4)); }

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  • Avoiding That Null Reference!

    - by TheJuice
    A coworker had this conversation with another of our developers. Names have been changed to protect the guilty. Clueless: hey! Clueless: I am using the ?? operator for null check below Nice Guy: hey Clueless: FundLoanRequestBoatCollateral boatCollateral = request.BoatCollateral ?? null; Nice Guy: that's not exactly how it works Clueless: I want to achive: FundLoanRequestBoatCollateral boatCollateral = request.BoatCollateral != null ? request.BoatCollateral : null; Clueless: isnt that equal to:  FundLoanRequestBoatCollateral boatCollateral = request.BoatCollateral ?? null; Nice Guy: that is functionally equivalent to FundLoanRequestBoatCollateral boatCollateral = request.BoatCollateral Nice Guy: you're checking if it's null and if so setting it to null Clueless: yeah Clueless: if its null I want to set it to null Nice Guy: if it's null then you're already going to set it to null, no special logic needed Clueless: I wanted to avoid a null reference if BoatCollateral is null   The sad part of all of this is that "Clueless" has been with our company for years and has a Master's in Computer Science.

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  • Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx") in Application_Error returns a blank page

    - by qntmfred
    I look for HttpExceptions in the Application_Error sub of my global.asx Sub Application_Error(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Dim ex As Exception = HttpContext.Current.Server.GetLastError() If ex IsNot Nothing Then If TypeOf (ex) Is HttpUnhandledException Then If ex.InnerException Is Nothing Then Server.Transfer("error.aspx", False) End If ex = ex.InnerException End If If TypeOf (ex) Is HttpException Then Dim httpCode As Integer = CType(ex, HttpException).GetHttpCode() If httpCode = 404 Then Server.ClearError() Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx", False) End If End If End If End Sub I can step through this code and confirm it does hit the Server.Transfer("error_404.aspx"), as well as the Page_Load of error_404.aspx, but all it shows is a blank page.

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  • Dealing with "I-am-cool-and-you-are-dumb" manager [closed]

    - by Software Guy
    I have been working with a software company for about 6 months now. I like the projects I work on there and I really like all the people there except for 1 guy. That guy is technically smart, and he is a co-founder of the company. He is an okay guy in person (the kind you wouldn't want to care about much) but things get tricky when he is your manager. In general I am all okay but there are times when I feel I am not being treated fairly: He doesn't give much thought to when he makes mistakes and when I do something similar, he is super critical. Recently he went as far as to say "I am not sure if I can trust you with this feature". The detais of this specific case are this: I was working on this feature, and I was already a couple of hours over my normal working hours, and then I decided to stop and continue tomorrow. We use git, and I like to commit changes locally and only push when I feel they are ready. This manager insists that I push all the changes to the central repo (in case my hard drive crashes). So I push the change, and the ticket is marked as "to be tested". Next day I come in, he sits next to me and starts complaining and says that I posted above. I really didn't know what to say, I tried to explain to him that the ticket is still being worked upon but he didn't seem to listen. He interrupts me in-between when I am coding, which I do not mind, but when I do that same, his face turns like this :| and reacts as if his work was super important and I am just wasting his time. He asks me to accumulate all questions, and then ask him altogether which is not always possible, as you need a clarification before you can continue on a feature implementation. And when I am coding, he talks on the phone with his customers next to me (when he can go to the meeting room with his laptop) and doesn't care. He made me switch to a whole new IDE (from Netbeans to a commercial IDE costing a lot of money) for a really tiny feature (which I later found out was in Netbeans as well!). I didn't make a big deal out of it as I am equally comfortable working with this new IDE, but I couldn't get the science behind his obsession. He said this feature makes sure that if any method is updated by a programmer, the IDE will turn the method name to red in places where it is used. I told him that I do not have a problem since I always search for method usage in the project and make sure its updated. IDEs even have refactoring features for exactly that, but... I recently implemented a feature for a project, and I was happy about it and considering him a senior, I asked him his comments about the implementation quality.. he thought long and hard, made a few funny faces, and when he couldn't find anything, he said "ummm, your program will crash if JS is disabled" - he was wrong, since I had made sure it would work fine with default values even if JS was disabled. I told him that and then he said "oh okay". BUT, the funny thing is, a few days back, he implemented something and I objected with "But that would not run if JS is disabled" and his response was "We don't have to care about people who disable JS" :-/ Once he asked me to investigate if there was a way to modify a CMS generated menu programmatically by extending the CMS, I did my research and told him that the only was is to inject a menu item using JavaScript / jQuery and his reaction was "ah that's ugly, and hacky, not acceptable" and two days later, I see that feature implemented in the same way as I had suggested. The point is, his reaction was not respectful at all, even if what I proposed was hacky, he should be respectful, that I know what's hacky and if I am suggesting something hacky, there must be a reason for it. There are plenty of other reasons / examples where I feel I am not being treated fairly. I want your advice as to what is it that I am doing wrong and how to deal with such a situation. The other guys in the team are actually very good people, and I do not want to leave the job either (although I could, if I want to). All I want is respect and equal treatment. I have thought about talking to this guy in a face to face meeting, but that worries me that his attitude might get worse and make things more difficult for me (since he doesn't seem to be the guy who thinks he can be wrong too). I am also considering talking to the other co-founder but I am not sure how he will take it (as both founders have been friends forever). Thanks for reading the long message, I really appreciate your help.

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  • Getting the innermost .NET Exception

    - by Rick Strahl
    Here's a trivial but quite useful function that I frequently need in dynamic execution of code: Finding the innermost exception when an exception occurs, because for many operations (for example Reflection invocations or Web Service calls) the top level errors returned can be rather generic. A good example - common with errors in Reflection making a method invocation - is this generic error: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation In the debugger it looks like this: In this case this is an AJAX callback, which dynamically executes a method (ExecuteMethod code) which in turn calls into an Amazon Web Service using the old Amazon WSE101 Web service extensions for .NET. An error occurs in the Web Service call and the innermost exception holds the useful error information which in this case points at an invalid web.config key value related to the System.Net connection APIs. The "Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation" error is the Reflection APIs generic error message that gets fired when you execute a method dynamically and that method fails internally. The messages basically says: "Your code blew up in my face when I tried to run it!". Which of course is not very useful to tell you what actually happened. If you drill down the InnerExceptions eventually you'll get a more detailed exception that points at the original error and code that caused the exception. In the code above the actually useful exception is two innerExceptions down. In most (but not all) cases when inner exceptions are returned, it's the innermost exception that has the information that is really useful. It's of course a fairly trivial task to do this in code, but I do it so frequently that I use a small helper method for this: /// <summary> /// Returns the innermost Exception for an object /// </summary> /// <param name="ex"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Exception GetInnerMostException(Exception ex) { Exception currentEx = ex; while (currentEx.InnerException != null) { currentEx = currentEx.InnerException; } return currentEx; } This code just loops through all the inner exceptions (if any) and assigns them to a temporary variable until there are no more inner exceptions. The end result is that you get the innermost exception returned from the original exception. It's easy to use this code then in a try/catch handler like this (from the example above) to retrieve the more important innermost exception: object result = null; string stringResult = null; try { if (parameterList != null) // use the supplied parameter list result = helper.ExecuteMethod(methodToCall,target, parameterList.ToArray(), CallbackMethodParameterType.Json,ref attr); else // grab the info out of QueryString Values or POST buffer during parameter parsing // for optimization result = helper.ExecuteMethod(methodToCall, target, null, CallbackMethodParameterType.Json, ref attr); } catch (Exception ex) { Exception activeException = DebugUtils.GetInnerMostException(ex); WriteErrorResponse(activeException.Message, ( HttpContext.Current.IsDebuggingEnabled ? ex.StackTrace : null ) ); return; } Another function that is useful to me from time to time is one that returns all inner exceptions and the original exception as an array: /// <summary> /// Returns an array of the entire exception list in reverse order /// (innermost to outermost exception) /// </summary> /// <param name="ex">The original exception to work off</param> /// <returns>Array of Exceptions from innermost to outermost</returns> public static Exception[] GetInnerExceptions(Exception ex) {     List<Exception> exceptions = new List<Exception>();     exceptions.Add(ex);       Exception currentEx = ex;     while (currentEx.InnerException != null)     {         exceptions.Add(ex);     }       // Reverse the order to the innermost is first     exceptions.Reverse();       return exceptions.ToArray(); } This function loops through all the InnerExceptions and returns them and then reverses the order of the array returning the innermost exception first. This can be useful in certain error scenarios where exceptions stack and you need to display information from more than one of the exceptions in order to create a useful error message. This is rare but certain database exceptions bury their exception info in mutliple inner exceptions and it's easier to parse through them in an array then to manually walk the exception stack. It's also useful if you need to log errors and want to see the all of the error detail from all exceptions. None of this is rocket science, but it's useful to have some helpers that make retrieval of the critical exception info trivial. Resources DebugUtils.cs utility class in the West Wind Web Toolkit© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in CSharp  .NET  

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  • Guidance on building an au pair-to-family networking site.

    - by Philip Kidd
    I'm building a website for an au pair agency business that will connect au pairs to families around Europe. I know nothing about website building, HTML etc. so I'm using a wysiwyg editer (weebly). How I would like the site to function: Families upload their information into profiles Au pairs do the same families can view a limited part of an au pairs' profile until they pay a deposit After deposit is payed, all au pairs' profile information becomes open to families Families can order au pairs and confirm their order with another payment payment must be made before 'order' is confirmed By 'order' I mean full communications become open between the family and the au pair they have 'ordered' as well as travel information being sent to another agency the site needs to be linked with a bank account (e.g paypal) and another agency, who will look after the flight bookings etc. A website already exists for this business however it just contains information on the business and application forms - if the site becomes fully automated it will relieve a lot of strain on administration in the office (dealing with applications, travel information etc.)

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  • Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

    - by MarkPearl
    After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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  • What is bondib1 used for on SPARC SuperCluster with InfiniBand, Solaris 11 networking & Oracle RAC?

    - by user12620111
    A co-worker asked the following question about a SPARC SuperCluster InfiniBand network: > on the database nodes the RAC nodes communicate over the cluster_interconnect. This is the > 192.168.10.0 network on bondib0. (according to ./crs/install/crsconfig_params NETWORKS> setting) > What is bondib1 used for? Is it a HA counterpart in case bondib0 dies? This is my response: Summary: bondib1 is currently only being used for outbound cluster interconnect interconnect traffic. Details: bondib0 is the cluster_interconnect $ oifcfg getif            bondeth0  10.129.184.0  global  public bondib0  192.168.10.0  global  cluster_interconnect ipmpapp0  192.168.30.0  global  public bondib0 and bondib1 are on 192.168.10.1 and 192.168.10.2 respectively. # ipadm show-addr | grep bondi bondib0/v4static  static   ok           192.168.10.1/24 bondib1/v4static  static   ok           192.168.10.2/24 Hostnames tied to the IPs are node1-priv1 and node1-priv2  # grep 192.168.10 /etc/hosts 192.168.10.1    node1-priv1.us.oracle.com   node1-priv1 192.168.10.2    node1-priv2.us.oracle.com   node1-priv2 For the 4 node RAC interconnect: Each node has 2 private IP address on the 192.168.10.0 network. Each IP address has an active InfiniBand link and a failover InfiniBand link. Thus, the 4 node RAC interconnect is using a total of 8 IP addresses and 16 InfiniBand links. bondib1 isn't being used for the Virtual IP (VIP): $ srvctl config vip -n node1 VIP exists: /node1-ib-vip/192.168.30.25/192.168.30.0/255.255.255.0/ipmpapp0, hosting node node1 VIP exists: /node1-vip/10.55.184.15/10.55.184.0/255.255.255.0/bondeth0, hosting node node1 bondib1 is on bondib1_0 and fails over to bondib1_1: # ipmpstat -g GROUP       GROUPNAME   STATE     FDT       INTERFACES ipmpapp0    ipmpapp0    ok        --        ipmpapp_0 (ipmpapp_1) bondeth0    bondeth0    degraded  --        net2 [net5] bondib1     bondib1     ok        --        bondib1_0 (bondib1_1) bondib0     bondib0     ok        --        bondib0_0 (bondib0_1) bondib1_0 goes over net24 # dladm show-link | grep bond LINK                CLASS     MTU    STATE    OVER bondib0_0           part      65520  up       net21 bondib0_1           part      65520  up       net22 bondib1_0           part      65520  up       net24 bondib1_1           part      65520  up       net23 net24 is IB Partition FFFF # dladm show-ib LINK         HCAGUID         PORTGUID        PORT STATE  PKEYS net24        21280001A1868A  21280001A1868C  2    up     FFFF net22        21280001CEBBDE  21280001CEBBE0  2    up     FFFF,8503 net23        21280001A1868A  21280001A1868B  1    up     FFFF,8503 net21        21280001CEBBDE  21280001CEBBDF  1    up     FFFF On Express Module 9 port 2: # dladm show-phys -L LINK              DEVICE       LOC net21             ibp4         PCI-EM1/PORT1 net22             ibp5         PCI-EM1/PORT2 net23             ibp6         PCI-EM9/PORT1 net24             ibp7         PCI-EM9/PORT2 Outbound traffic on the 192.168.10.0 network will be multiplexed between bondib0 & bondib1 # netstat -rn Routing Table: IPv4   Destination           Gateway           Flags  Ref     Use     Interface -------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ---------- --------- 192.168.10.0         192.168.10.2         U        16    6551834 bondib1   192.168.10.0         192.168.10.1         U         9    5708924 bondib0   There is a lot more traffic on bondib0 than bondib1 # /bin/time snoop -I bondib0 -c 100 > /dev/null Using device ipnet/bondib0 (promiscuous mode) 100 packets captured real        4.3 user        0.0 sys         0.0 (100 packets in 4.3 seconds = 23.3 pkts/sec) # /bin/time snoop -I bondib1 -c 100 > /dev/null Using device ipnet/bondib1 (promiscuous mode) 100 packets captured real       13.3 user        0.0 sys         0.0 (100 packets in 13.3 seconds = 7.5 pkts/sec) Half of the packets on bondib0 are outbound (from self). The remaining packet are split evenly, from the other nodes in the cluster. # snoop -I bondib0 -c 100 | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c Using device ipnet/bondib0 (promiscuous mode) 100 packets captured   49 node1-priv1.us.oracle.com   24 node2-priv1.us.oracle.com   14 node3-priv1.us.oracle.com   13 node4-priv1.us.oracle.com 100% of the packets on bondib1 are outbound (from self), but the headers in the packets indicate that they are from the IP address associated with bondib0: # snoop -I bondib1 -c 100 | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c Using device ipnet/bondib1 (promiscuous mode) 100 packets captured  100 node1-priv1.us.oracle.com The destination of the bondib1 outbound packets are split evenly, to node3 and node 4. # snoop -I bondib1 -c 100 | awk '{print $3}' | sort | uniq -c Using device ipnet/bondib1 (promiscuous mode) 100 packets captured   51 node3-priv1.us.oracle.com   49 node4-priv1.us.oracle.com Conclusion: bondib1 is currently only being used for outbound cluster interconnect interconnect traffic.

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  • Should the networking of my game be a component or a service?

    - by aalcutt
    I am working on a windows game and I am trying to understand the XNA GameComponents and GameServices classes and use. From what I understand about a component is that it has an Update method that gets call in every frame, and a service can be referenced from other components if needed. So the way I think a network component would work is that in its Update method it would receive and send data. It probably makes sense to receive the network data once per frame, but it doesn't for sending it. Shouldn't the game send its own updates to others the moment it has it to cut down on lag?

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  • Can I add a gigabit switch to my D-Link WiFi router for gigabit networking? [migrated]

    - by Elmer
    I currently have a D-Link DIR-628 router in my home network that I use for wifi and local networking. However, I am looking to upgrade to a gigabit network as the data transfer speed between my network devices is too slow since the router only supports 10/100. Can I simply add a small gigabit switch (like the Netgear GS105) to the router and connect all local network devices to the gigabit switch ports instead of the router's ports or do I need to replace the entire router to a gigabit router?

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  • Someone using my website for Email and significant increase in spam

    - by Joy
    Let me give you the background in context so that you know the full story. Last summer my web guy (he put my website together) got in a fight with someone who attempted to register on my site using the name of my company as part of his user name. I was not aware of this at all until it had escalated dramatically. I don't know why my web guy was so unprofessional in his response to this person. I really don't know him - met him via SCORE and have never met in person. He is a vendor. Anyway, this guy who got into it with my web guy then threatened to do all he could to hurt my business and said he was internet savvy, etc. So, nothing seemed to happen for a while then not long ago this guy attempted to send me a friend request on Linkedin. After his behavior I declined it. Shortly afterwards I began seeing a dramatic increase in spammers posting comments on the blog part of my site. Just lately I have been receiving Emails from a variety of names but all with the "@___" that I own - for my business. I had additional security added so now they have to register in order to comment on my blog and I am seeing a lot of registration attempts from the same (and similar) IP addresses with bogus names and weird Email addresses being blocked. So, it is not creating more work as it is all automatic. The Email addresses are of more concern. Is there a way to identify a person through an IP address or a place to report the behavior or the Email usage? This guy lives in South Carolina so he is not overseas. Any help/advice you can provide will be greatly appreciated. Thanks Joy

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  • Is an ACPI GPE storm normal in an Ubuntu session?

    - by Tinellus
    In a previous question (What is a an ACPI GPE storm?), I asked about ACPI GPE storm. Looking closer to my kern.log file in /var/log/, I notice that in every session at some point (usually withing 20' after startup) a GPE storm is triggered. When I open kern.log immediately after startup, I see that the 'GPE-storm' can be triggered by anything (a copy-action, the opening of an app like Firefox or Thunderbird, etc...). This worries me. Looking for other ACPI related events in kern.log, I find these error messages. I hope someone can give some advice: Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 0.724505] ACPI FADT declares the system doesn't support PCIe ASPM, so disable it Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 0.795205] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 1.024009] ACPI: Deprecated procfs I/F for battery is loaded, please retry with CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER cleared Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 23.140259] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI(VGA) defines _DOD but not _DOS There's also a video driver message that worries me, don't know if it's related though: Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 23.162154] fglrx: module license 'Proprietary. (C) 2002 - ATI Technologies, Starnberg, GERMANY' taints kernel. Jun 10 16:33:20 Guy-VAIO kernel: [ 23.162158] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint As mentioned in my previous question, I'm experiencing frequent (several times /d) application crashes, that seem random, with apport messages being sent, and less frequent (once a week or so) complete system freezes where the system becomes unresponsive to keyboard, mouse or touchpad input and the only solution is a hard reboot (press start button) My questions: what about the Firmware Bugs in ACPI? how and where do I have to 'clear CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER'? what does it mean when fglrx 'taints the kernel', is it serious and what could I do about it? Ubuntu 12.04, 64-bit, 3.2.0-25-generic Kernel, Intel® Core™ i5-2430M CPU @ 2.40GHz × 4 Thanks

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  • What do the numbers on Western Digital drives mean?

    - by Evan Carroll
    There are numerous numbers on a Western Digital drive, MDL (presumably model, ex WD5000BEKT-00KA9T0) -- not sure what the 99KA9T0 is. WWN (ex 50014EE25AC8C945) DCM (ex HBNTJBBB) LBA (ex 976773168) R/N (ex 77174) Then there are three numbers on the back of the PCB on a sticker White Sticker Left: 2061-771714-002 AC White Sticker Right: XT BD34 T7KQ 8 0002270 White Sticker far-Right: 272 Then there is one number printed on the PCB, REV P1 2060-771714-002 Then there is one number (or three) on the spindle, 71206-T8Y-03 9X0X22MF 32H Does anyone know what these numbers mean?

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