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• What determines the time to first ping response in an OS?

  - by Stuart Woodward

  When a server (say Windows, Linux) is rebooted, it will take some time to respond to ping. I'm assuming that the software firewall has to be up before pings will be returned as there might be a setting to disable ping responses. Everyone knows that Windows and Linux have have totally different architectures so lets treat them separately. The answer I'm looking for is "After XXX is running, pings will be returned." It would be helpful to know where in the boot order this is too. i.e. at the start or end. I ask because we get questions from a customer about why it takes so long to respond to ping after creating a Virtual Machine. I'm sure this is just an artefact of the OS boot behaviour.

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• How does an OS communicate with other hardware components?

  - by Jack

  How can a program running on a CPU (mostly OS) access other PC hardware? Such as Graphic card, HDD and so? From what I read, in DOS, this was done using BIOS calls, specifically the INT instruction. But, the INT instruction should only jump to the certain space in RAM. So how can some program stored in RAM access other computer hardware, when the CPU can only access RAM, and receive interrupts? Does Windows use INT instructions as well, or is there a new way to communicate with the hardware?

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• From a quality perspective, what is better: Turning volume up in the software, in the OS, or on the speakers?

  - by Qqwy

  I kept thinking about this, and out of sheer curiosity, I decided to ask: If music isn't loud enough. How do I get the best quality?(Even if the difference is in fact so small it's neglectible) By making the music louder in my music player, game or other sound-producing software program. By raising the volume at the Operating System level (for instance, by clicking the 'speaker' icon on the windows bar and turning the volume up) By turning the volume up on the Amplifier or Speakers that are attached to your computer, and thus changing the volume on the 'hardware' Does programs vs OS matter? Does software vs. hardware matter? Thanks, Qqwy

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• How do I setup a local DNS server on Mac OS Lion?

  - by Peter Kovacs

  I had some serious lag to resolve website address and sometimes things simply wouldn't load (pages kept loading for 5+ minutes without even a timeout error). So I had setup a local dns server/cache using BIND on Leopard and Snow Leopard. Now that I have Lion, i have the same problem, but the instructions no longer apply to Lion and I can't find a way to do it. Has anyone attempted to do this? Are there viable alternatives for DNS servers on OS X 10.7? For those who are wondering I already tried several external DNS server. Only my computer has this issue on the network.

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• How do I make a USB stick from which to install different OS's?

  - by Hanno Fietz

  Recently, I have made a number of USB sticks to install OS's (several Linux flavors, BSD, Windows) from, on machines that didn't have CD drives. Now, I would prefer to not overwrite the install USB sticks all the time, since it's handy to have them, but neither do I want to pile up USB sticks that I only need every 6 months. It would be great to have a bootable USB stick that fires up some minimal system, lets you choose an ISO image and then reboots from there. How would I go about this? Do I use some minimal Linux? Is there some kind of modified / specialized boot loader? Can I set up GRUB to do this? Should I use virtualization?

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• Is memcached pre-installed with Xcode on OS X?

  - by GeneQ

  The answer seems to be yes, according to Apple's documentation. To make sure I'm not hallucinating, I checked Apple's developer tools documentation. Yes, memcached is supported and documented by Apple: Apple Developer Library : memcached(1) Apparently, memcached is installed with Xcode since at least 10.6 onwards. The reason I'm asking this is that on the Web and on SO there are lots people asking how to install memcached on OS X but curiously no one seems to mention that the easiest way to do so is to simply install Xcode via the AppStore (or using a DMG). All the answers given involves using homebrew or some other complicated way to install memcached from source. Is there any compelling reason why the Apple shipped memcached is not good enough? I don't see any advantages of compiling and installing memcached from source since there's an Apple supported version.

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• How to dual OS 32-bit/64-bit Windows 7 Ultimate.

  - by Cyril Horad

  I have a problem with regards to my nVidia driver not running on 64-bit. I decided to install both 32-bit and 64-bit on my ASUS K42JC (4GB RAM upgrade) in order to function the nVidia on the 32-bit. My question is, how could I make my laptop run on either 32-bit or 64-bit OS. What options I am suppose to use, a single, double, or triple partition? From an answer: Well. When I installed the nVidia driver from either the ASUS site and the prescribed driver from NVIDA site via System Requirements Lab, both ended up freezing my laptop to the point when the desktop is about the finish booting. I have tried three(3) times reformatting and trying to fix the problem. Yet no use. I filed a ticket to the Asus support but for now no replies yet. But this bothers me, why wouldn't the nVidia run on 64bit yet it runs perfectly on 32bit.

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• Mac OS X 10.5/6, authenticate against by NIS or LDAP when both servers have your username

  - by Wang

  We have an organization-wide LDAP server and a department-only NIS server. Many users have accounts with the same name on both servers. Is there any way to get Leopard/Snow Leopard machines to query one server, and then the other, and let the user log in if his username/password combination matches at least one record? I can get either NIS authentication or LDAP authentication. I can even enable both, with LDAP set as higher priority, and authenticate using the name and password listed on the LDAP server. However, in the last case, if I set the LDAP domain as higher-priority in Directory Utility's search path and then provide the username/password pair listed in the NIS record, then my login is rejected even though the NIS server would accept it. Is there any way to make the OS check the rest of the search path after it finds the username?

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• How do I share a PHP 5.4 server between OS X and VMWare?

  - by Ben

  I'm running PHP 5.4 on OS X which allows me to set up a virtual server for any directory, using this Terminal command: php -S localhost:8000 This will then set up http://localhost:8000 which works great, but what I would like to do is share this server with the instance of Windows that I have running through VMWare in order to test in Internet Explorer. I was wondering if this is possible and if it is, how do I go about setting it up? Currently trying to visit http://localhost:8000 gives me 'This page cannot be displayed'. I'd really appreciate any help that you can give me on this as I don't have much experience with virtual machines/networking. Thanks in advance.

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• OS X server 10.6 - how to restore default groups?

  - by Zoran Simic

  I've set up my OS X server as an open directory master first, then (experimenting), I've changed it to standalone server, then set it back as an open directory master again. Now, all the default groups I saw before are gone (Domain Administrators, Domain users etc). Do you know how to restore these groups? Note that the groups are gone only from the Workgroup Manager UI. They do seem to be still there otherwise. id -G gives the usual list of groups. If I create an account and makes its primary group 'staff', Workgroup Manager shows all the inherited groups properly (but not on the main list). If I create an account and associate it to a new group I just created, then the account has no inherited groups...

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• Boot another OS e.g. Windows *once* on a dual-boot machine

  - by user974312

  I have a dual-boot machine with Windows and Linux on it. It doesn't reside at my hand, instead , it's placed in the datacenter which I have to access remotely. For most of time, I work on Linux. But there is some occasion that I have to use the Windows OS on it. Here is the problem. I hope to do all those following things remotely. Do some magic to Grub. Reboot the machine from Linux. Grub boots Windows. Access Windows remotely. Work done. Reboot the machine from Windows. Grub boots Linux. So I wonder whether I can set the booting target at the next time, for only once? Thanks.

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• OS X: What does the '@' attribute on a file mean?

  - by claytontstanley

  On a Snow Leopard machine, at the Terminal: la ~/src/rmcl/ | grep RMCL -rw-r--r--@ 1 claytonstanley staff 6766167 Nov 13 2009 RMCL What is that '@' attribute? This file is part of an older OS X program that runs under Rosetta. I'm having issues where some older programs running under Rosetta require the @ attribute when opening files. But I'm not sure what that attribute is, so I have no way to know how to add/remove it. I did try a thorough Google search on this, but I wasn't able to find the answer. I would have thought this would be an easy one to find. Maybe the Google query isn't acting properly because of the single @ special character. Any info. is much appreciated. Thanks!

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• Can I disable OS X Lion Autosave and Versions?

  - by Philip

  OK I'm going there: I want to turn off a new feature in OS X that's so infuriating I could swear it was designed by Microsoft, namely, Autosave / Versions. I just don't want it. I have a workflow that involves my trigger finger on cmd-S, I use my own VCS when necessary, I save as compulsively and I open applications like TextEdit and Preview as temporary notepads without wanting any changes saved automatically and without a stupid unlock dialog that then records my changes when I only want to see the changes and not record them. So: please tell me how I can turn off Versions without rolling back to 10.6, and you will be my new personal hero. Thanks! PS: Just asking how to disable, not for a discussion of the pros and cons of the features.

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• How to install ubuntu OS using an android mobile as a usb drive?

  - by Rochelle Canale

  I just want to ask if How can I install Ubuntu OS from android phone? I have the ubuntu.img and .md5 file. But I don't knwo how to run this. I also have Linux installer and VNC. Everytime I launch the application the terminal emulator always force close. So I think that there's an error with the application. Any idea how can I install this? I am using myphone A848 duo same as Noir A6 and micromax A68.

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• Active Directory password update not recognized on OS X 10.7.3?

  - by eaj

  We have a few Macs in our office which are bound to our Active Directory (Server 2k8R2) domain for login authentication and access to file shares. For the most part this has worked without trouble. I recently changed my AD password (from the Windows box that is my main desktop machine), and my iMac still wants my old password for logins—even after a reboot. It correctly prompts for the new password when I attempt to connect to Windows smb file shares. The last time I changed my password, the iMac was running Snow Leopard and picked up the password change as expected. I'm a little bit of an OS X n00b, so I apologize if this should be obvious. My searching has turned up numerous issues people have had with Lion and Active Directory, but not this particular problem. Possibly related, we do have mobile accounts enabled for AD in the Directory Utility options. I assume this causes credentials to be cached locally, but it's not clear to me how to get them to update.

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• How can I get OS/X-like switch windows of same program bound to hotkey with linux GUIs?

  - by dbenhur

  On OS/X, Command-~ switches between windows associated with the program with current focus. This is very handy when toggling through a set of browser windows or editor windows, for example. A couple years ago I noticed someone using similar functionality on a Gnome linux laptop and they showed me how to set it up, but I forgot the details (so I know it's possible). I frequently switch between MacBook and a variety of linux systems running Gnome, Unity, and occasionally KDE. My Google-fu failed so I turn to stack exchange: How do I bind Alt-~ or similar key to give me functionality to switch between windows of program with current focus?

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• Can Grub be configured to remember the last OS you booted into?

  - by Matthew

  I typically have 2-3 OSes in my boot menu: Ubuntu 10.04 Windows 7 [Sometimes, a third option, such as Ubuntu 10.04 Netbook] If I am in an OS other than the default choice (Windows 7 in this case), and I reboot, Grub boots into Ubuntu 10.04. This shouldn't happen--when I reboot in Windows 7, I want to stay in Windows 7. Is there any way to configure Grub to remember my last choice, and boot into that? Alternatively, it would be even better if Grub only did this when I rebooted (not when I first turn the computer on). I realize this may not be possible, so I'd be happy with simple last-choice-remembering.

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• On OS X, how do I print (a web-page) directly into my Google Docs account?

  - by Peter Mounce

  Is it possible to, from the OS X 10.6 print dialog, print the web-page directly into my Google Documents account? I can save as PDF and upload it, but, well, I want to cut out the middleman (ie, me; I make too many mistakes...). I tend to use Chrome to browse the web in case that's relevant. Are there Google Docs upload-helpers in general? I tried gdocuploaded (an Adobe AIR App) but it refused to so much as launch.

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• What sysadmin must do to run OS with damaged /lib/libc.so file ? / rsyslogd daemon logrotation / deny checking list of running processes

  - by Virtual_Lotos

  What sysadmin must do to run OS with damaged /lib/libc.so file ? In other words, how command interpreter should be configured to be able to run system with corrupted /lib/libc.so file ? Do I have to move it to /var catalog ? Does the command interpreter must be statically compiled or have setuid attribute or perhaps must be a symbolic link to /bin/sh or must be no larger than 2MB ? How to prevent a user from checking list of processes started by another user ? How do I forbid a user to see which processes are running by another user ? What do I have to keep in mind when I want to make rsyslogd daemon logrotation ?

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• OS X - Automatically Set Execute Permissions for New Files?

  - by i help X u

  I'm using OS X 10.6.4 and am trying to set a folder to automatically enable execute permissions on new script files copied or created in a directory. I have used Sandbox 2 to set every permission for the folder to enabled with sticky bits and the inherit flag set but I still have to manually set the execute flag using chmod for every new flag. I've done: chmod -R a+rwxs ~/scripts I've done: chmod 7777 ~/scripts And the permissions for the folder show as: drwsrwsrwt+ for the folder. But if I add a new script file it's set to "-rw-r--r--+" (the default) I looked at setting "unmask 000" in the .profile file but the default value for files is 666 with an unmask of 022 so that's not relevant since I would need a default value of 777 for files. I have figure out how to use chmod in an AppleScript triggered by a folder action to automate this but I'm wondering if there is a simple ACL or chmod setting I'm missing. So, is there a way to automatically set execute permission for new files? (Without using a folder action and AppleScript?)

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• How to convert OpenVZ OS templte to bootable to image file?

  - by Medi

  My question is how to convert a pre-created OpenVZ OS template which are in tar.gz format (such as these) to an image file in order to be able boot it with other virtualization solutions such as QEMU or VirtualBox. In order to achieve this, I made an empty image file, I partitioned it, and made two partition, a primary partition and a extended partition for swap. I made the first partition ext3 (0x83) and the other one swap (0x82). Then I made the first one bootable, and copied the content of tar.gz to the first partition. But when I try to boot, it hangs at the first stage of booting.

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• How to get a remote desktop / X11 with ubuntu 10.04 LTS from mac os x?

  - by cwd

  I am running Snow Leopard OS X 10.6 and I have X11 installed. I also have ubuntu 10.04 LTS running on a remote machine. I have root privileges. So far I haven't really installed anything besides the operating system. This was done in an amazon aws type of way. I see people talking about getting gnome or a "remote desktop" type of thing working, but I'm not sure how to go about this. I connected and then typed in gnome-session but nothing happened. Maybe I don't have that thing installed yet? Can someone point me in the right direction? Also, is it possible to just start an X11 session with a single app, like notepad or a file and folder browser?

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• How can I run fsck on a disk image via Mac Terminal?

  - by mvizual

  I want to run fsck on a disk image before I use it to restore (replace) a corrupted volume. Using Terminal, what would be the proper command, syntax, and options for this operation? I've just recently become acquainted with Terminal and line commands, so syntax and specific options aren't part of my computing vocabulary. I'm using Terminal 2.1.2, bash, OS 10.6.8. Ultimately, I'm trying to restore an image to a secondary startup volume (external drive). The image is mounted on my desktop and I want to check it for errors before I use it. Disk Utility runs "repair disk" successfully but the integrity of the image is suspect.

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• How do I stop Mac OS X Snow Leopard from losing the keyboard shortcuts I create in System Preferences?

  - by Philip

  I can't explain it. In OS X 10.6.6 (but also in previous versions; nothing to do w/ latest update), I create some keyboard shortcuts both for individual applications and for "all applications." I use them for a while. Later, sometimes after restart sometimes not, they're gone. Where'd they go?!?! (More importantly, how do I make them stop disappearing? Less ideal solution: how do I back them up and quickly restore them?) Thanks!

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• How to enable Postfix filter on OS X server (Lion) without getting overwritten?

  - by mjbraun

  I have a Postfix after-queue content filter that works fine on stock Ubuntu Postfix install. However, on a OS X Lion Server I'm testing out, I see this "auto-generated" language in the master.cf file: # ==== Begin auto-generated section ======================================== # This section of the master.cf file is auto-generated by the Server Admin # Mail backend plugin whenever mails settings are modified. smtp inet n - n - 1 postscreen smtpd pass - - n - - smtpd -o receive_override_options=no_address_mappings The problem is, to enable the filter the same area of the master.cf file has to be changed to have an entry like this: smtp inet n - - - - smtpd -o content_filter=mytest_filter:dummy So, it looks like the line would be blown away every I make a change in Server Admin. Is there a better place for me to put the call to the filter such that it's persistent? I appreciate any assistance and/or guidance!

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