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• How does pptpd (poptop) or pppd work with eap-tls and mppe-128?

  - by Henk

  To create a VPN I've installed pptpd on an Ubuntu domU (Debian domUs can also be created). MSCHAPv2 isn't a very strong authentication protocol so I'd like to use EAP-TLS. I've set up a FreeRADIUS server and certificates for EAP-TLS before (for use with WPA), and I've also set up a pptp server with mschap-v2 auth, but I can't figure out how to combine the two. Maybe pppd can use EAP-TLS on its own, but I can't find support for it in the Ubuntu package. If I need to patch the package, that's fine, I know how to patch Debian packages (provided the patch applies cleanly). Also, can MPPE still be used when pppd is configured to use EAP? Because it says in the manual several times that MPPE requires MSCHAP. However, other docs like this one: http://www.nikhef.nl/~janjust/ppp/ seem to refute that. The clients are running Mac OS X Leopard and GNU/Linux, there's no need to fix anything for Windows.

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• tcp handshake failed.client send rst (after syn-ack). can any one advice?

  - by user1495181

  architecture: 2 linux computer connected . on the second (192.168.1.1) one run apache server . I have a small program that take tcp packets from nfqueue change the dst ip to 192.168.1.1 in case that the dst ip is 192.168.1.2 (i know that i can do it with iptables , but my program will do more things in the future), fix check sum and return to the queue. if i call to telnet 192.168.1.1 , means that my program dosnt need to do any manipulation, handshake is OK. If i call to telnet 192.168.1.2 , my program change the dest. server get the syn and return syn-ack, but right after getting the syn-ack the client send rst. Can anyone advice? wireshark of the telnet tcpdump of the telenet above

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• Meaning of Bridge-Check in iptables flowchart

  - by networkIT

  In the famous iptables flow-chart what does bridge-check exactly stands for ? I couldn't find any documentation. The only clue I found was while scanning the MikroTik RouterOS documentation ( RouterOS is build upon a Linux 2.6.16 kernel ), I found this : In-interface Bridge = Checks if the input interface is a port for a bridge or is the bridge. Manual:Packet Flow Comparing both flow-charts brings clues that iptables Bridge-check might equal MikroTik In-Interface Bridge. Is this true ? Else, what might be the meaning of iptables Bridge-Check ?

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• Xen 4.1 host (dom0) with blktap disks ("tap:aio:") not connecting

  - by Manwe

  Problem using blktap with xen-4.1 running Ubuntu Precise stock kernel with dom0 xen-4.1. I get: [ 5.580106] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 295s...290s. ... [ 300.580288] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) And some syslog lines: May 17 13:07:30 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: add XENBUS_PATH=backend/tap/10/51713 May 17 13:07:31 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: Writing backend/tap/10/51713/hotplug-status connected to xenstore. with tap:aio: disk lines. file:/ works. disk = [ 'tap:aio:/data/root.img,xvda1,w', ] Problem exists with lucid and precises domU kernels and both guests work in Ubuntu hardy dom0 Host 64bit 2.6.24-28-xen xen-3.3 3.2.0-24-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 25 08:43:22 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise

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• How do you import an EPS file in Inkscape?

  - by Neil

  I'm using Inkscape, and I'm trying to import an EPS file to use it as a vector and eventually save it as an SVG. This link here mentions several methods: http://www.inkscapeforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=797 But the responses aren't rated since it's a forum, so I thought I'd ask here to find the best answer. I'd prefer not to have to use some website to convert the file to a PDF first. Either way, when I import an EPS into Inkscape, or use the website to convert it to a PDF, in both cases the resulting file loses all colour and gradients, and the EPS file gets cut off on the right side. It looks like ps2pdf is clipping the file incorrectly, and Inkscape is eliminating the colour. I have these version installed in Ubuntu Lucid Linux: Inskape 0.47.0-2ubuntu2 Ghostscript 8.71.dfsg.1-0ubuntu5.3

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• How to locally resume a session that has been started remotely using xrdp?

  - by Jaroslav Záruba

  Can I connect to a RD session that has been started (and abandoned) from a remote machine using xrdp? Also I'd like to be able to do the exact opposite: to remotely login to a session that has been initiated locally. I'm trying to get as close as possible to how Windows RS behaves. (Which also includes that the session would use my terminal machine/monitor resolution. I wasn't able to achieve that using VNC.) Suggestions to a better alternative to xrdp are welcome please. I don't know Linux too much.

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• changing filesystem format from jfx to ext4 without losing data

  - by A.Rashad

  I have a fresh Lucid Lynx (Ubuntu 10.04) running on a laptop. where I defined the filesystems as: mount point / on ext4 (46 Gb) mount point /home on jfs (63 GB) swap as 3 Gb I left the machine over night to do some task, without AC power supply. next day in the morning I found it on standby, task completed, but filesystem was not reachable. it gave me I/O error it seems that there is a problem with jfs and standby. anyways, to avoid any hassle, I want to move this mount point from jfs format to ext4. can I do this without losing data and without the need to place the data in a temporary location until transformation is done? sorry to mention that, but I recall back in the windows days, we would change a FAT16 to FAT32 or a FAT32 to NTFS without having to lose the data. I hope this is available on Linux.

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• Keyboard-Shortcut driffen Utility to move windows around on multiscreen setup

  - by Wolfgang Fahl

  I am looking for a utility to move windows around on a multiscreen (usualy dual screen) setup. So with a keybord shortcut (or mousclick) I would like to send a windows to another monitor. I am using this functionality a lot when I give presentations. I'll lookup something on my mainscreen and then send the window to the screen or beamer where others can see it. Its also useful when working or when I want to send a screen from my computer to the TV screen that is hooked up to the computer. I know two solutions for a) Windows b) Mac OS but none yet for Linux. I'll post my windows and Mac OS solutions as answer and would be interested in other opinions.

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• Force a browser to load the 'https' edition of a website, not the 'http'?

  - by warren

  This is similar to this previous question, but I believe it's a bit different*. Sites like GMail support a preference that pushes all traffic through the SSL edition of the site rather than the plain-text protocol. For sites that don't offer such preferences (or ones that may, but I have been unable to find, like facebook), is there a way using only the browser (perhaps with a plugin or addon) to always try SSL first, and fall-back to plain-text iff SSL fails? Is that solution available on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux? Just one? * The previous question was looking for external applications that would accomplish this goal.

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• Alternatives to Citrix GoToAssist ?

  - by Evan Carroll

  Citrix GoToAssist is a really nifty little web application for customer support that allows you to take control of someones OSX, or Windows machine. Essentially, it works likes this: You log in to your management console You get a code You give them a code, and a website (fastsupport.com) They go there and enter in the code They accept the browser applet which installs a program on their computer You have control of their desktop You can see their desktop, configure applications, etc. They can also see when you disconnect. It is really rather nifty, but it doesn't support Linux and it is rather expensive (660$ a year). Does anyone know of any alternatives to this? I'm looking for a solution as simple on the user as this one, that doesn't require firewall configuration or setting up ssh/vnc/rdesktop etc.

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• Best DSL hardware for ADSL Troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Sacksteder

  I have a situation where I need to make the best of a bad DSL situation. The CPE is a black box with no access to DSL diagnostics. My plan is to get some sort of DSL hardware that exposes link-layer state and gives me knobs to tweak. I'd like to be able to mitigate bufferbloat as much as I can while I'm at it. The obvious choice would seem to be a Sangoma card in a linux system. I have no way of knowing if that will do anything for me without testing it, however. I have no other access to WAN troubleshooting equipment. Are there any other options avail to me as a consumer?

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• automated printouts from a wireless printer

  - by Piotr

  I have a wireless printer which is always on, and an always on fanless linux server. Looking at the mprinter project on Kickstarter I started to wonder if there is an app somewhere in the internet already that will allow to prepare an automated daily printout based on some settings. things to be printed could include - weather forecast for my locations, todo`s scheduled for that day, a "quote of a day" or "word of the day", stats from google analytics for my site, and many more ... I would set a printout at 6:15 every work day so its on my printer when I am already up, having a coffee. anyone knows something that can be used for such purpose? While I know this can be done by combining the power of TeX, cron and a script language to manage the dynamic part of the PDF I believe this is a use case someone has already addressed.

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• "Cannot allocate memory" while no process seems to be using up memory

  - by omat

  I am not competent on server issues, any help is much appreciated. When try to start a python/django shell on a linux box, I am getting OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory. free -m seems to confirm I am out of memory: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 590 560 29 0 3 37 -/+ buffers/cache: 518 71 Swap: 0 0 0 But I cannot see what is eating up the memory with top or ps aux: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 24336 908 0 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.85 ksoftirqd/0 How can I identify the leak? Thanks. BTW, I am not sure if it is relevant, but the machine I am talking about is an AWS EC2 instance with Ubuntu 12 running.

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• Restrict VPN Clients to VPN Server

  - by Sprotty

  I've setup a VPN server using Debians pptpd. This all works, but I want to restrict incoming connections so they can only access ports on the VPN server and not get access to other machines on the VPN servers local network. I'm guessing this is a firewall rule? but i'm new to linux so am struggling a bit... ---- Additional info ----- The VPN Server is also hosting an SVN server, which is its real purpose, and the only service I want it to expose to incoming connections. I guess I could expose the SVN server directly, but I'm not confident that I could secure this correctly, so a VPN seemed to give an additional layer of security.

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• SMS Gateway Suggestions Needed

  - by SidC

  Hi All, Our website is written using PHP and is powered by a hosted Linux web server. We want to allow our users to receive SMS messages when they've received intranet-site messages from fellow users - SMS Notification. What is required to implement this functionality? Are there open source (free?) server applications that address this? Do we need to contract with wireless carriers to send messages to their networks? What, if any fees, must be paid to them? Thanks, Sid

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• Running projects from NTFS partition on Ubuntu

  - by tsuby

  I'm dual booting Windows 7/Ubuntu 12.04. I want to run C++/Java projects from a NTFS partition, where I keep generally all my files and projects. I fiddled with the fstab. One time I removed 'noexec', the other I changed it to 'exec'. After that,each time, I remounted the partition and it still didn't work. I tried using sudo mount -o remount,exec /media/mypartition It didn't work either. There was a somewhat similar question already, but it didn't have the proper answer for me or I didn't know how to make it work(note: I am a total newbie with Ubuntu and Linux in general).

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• Systemd-networkd: How can I prepend a static nameserver entry to DHCP-discovered nameservers?

  - by runiq

  I'm using systemd 213 on Arch Linux, and systemd-networkd with DHCP to connect to the internet. I'm also running a caching DNS server on 127.0.0.1. I'd like to make this server the first DNS server in the list, but I'd also like to use the nameservers discovered by systemd-networkd's DHCP facility. Using a static resolv.conf isn't really possible, because I connect to networks with different DNS settings. I know I can set fallback DNS servers in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf, but is there a way with systemd-networkd to prepend my local DNS server to those discovered by DHCP?

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• Can gedit on mac be used to edit files over ssh?

  - by Dave

  I use a linux machine at work and a mac at home. I can ssh from my machine at home to my work machine. But the only editor that I have access to on the command line then is vi, which I don't like. Is there a way to use gedit on my mac to edit files remotely over an ssh connection? This page says that it can be done, but I think that it assumes that you are using gedit on ubuntu. On my mac (os 10.5.8) I don't have the "bookmark" option when I click "connect to server". http://thecodecentral.com/2010/04/02/use-gedit-as-remote-file-editor-via-ftp-and-ssh-ubuntu/comment-page-1#comment-50558

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• How to load previous kernel via ssh?

  - by Aamir

  I work remotely on my work computer. I am also the root of the workstation that I am sharing with my colleague. Yesterday, I upgraded the kernel to 2.6.31-17 when asked by the update manager but refrained from restarting because I knew my NVIDIA and several other kernel modules wouldn't work. Unfortunately my colleague who is a linux noob restarted the machine and here I am :( I am thinking of changing the symlinks /initrd.img and /vmlinuz to the previous kernel image and use kexec. Please tell some better way to load the 2.6.31-16 release of kernel from ssh and not the grub boot menu. I am using Ubuntu Karmic.

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• How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

  - by Kau-Boy

  Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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• eTrayz: Replace base system with a bootstrapped Debian

  - by knoopx

  I bought an eTrayz NAS time ago. The device is more or less good but it ships with a closed-source custom linux and a bunch of broken web-apps. I wanted to replace the whole system with a raw Debian installation. I successfully bootstrapped a Lenny Debian into a chroot and I'm able to use use it. However I would like it to be the default system and to boot automatically at login. The device itself ships with a bundled 2.6.24.4 kernel. I think the kernel is on a dedicated flash memory so I would prefere not to re-flash it. What do you think is the best way to accomplish it?

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• Disable passwd history feature with remember=0

  - by user1915177

  PAM version - pam-0.79 Is setting 0 allowed on "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file of pam.d module to disable passwd history feature? With "remember=0" in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file, I am observing a memfault when running the passwd command as a USER. When browsed the source, the function in _set_ctrl in support.c file of pam_unix module handles wrong values of remember, but currently its not robust enough to handle 0, which is a wrong value. So the valid and only option to disable history feature, is to not include the "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file and not to set-up /etc/security/opasswd file? Could see in the following link mention of setting "remember" to 0 has no effect to remember value in "/etc/security/opasswd" file. =https://lists.fedorahosted.org/pipermail/linux-pam-commits/2011-June/000060.html

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• Separate brightness/power-saving settings for multiple monitors

  - by MariusMatutiae

  At home, I connect my laptop to an external monitor. Under Linux X server, it works perfectly. Occasionally I watch a movie on the external monitor. When I do, I would like to fold the laptop shut, and just relax. This however triggers my settings for dimming the screen after 10 minutes of inactivity, which in turn extends to the external monitor. I know I could solve the problem by setting dimming to "Never", but this is a waste, causes the laptop to overheat, and is bad for the normal laptop use. How can I set the power saving/brightness specs for the external monitor, independently of the onboard one? I run Debian or Arch, under KDE.

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• How to display SSH banner at login, but only for password authentication

  - by banjer

  I have a warning message that is displayed to a user after they enter their username to log in to our Linux servers. I only want to display this message for password authentications, and not when keys are used. It should only show to a user who is logging into a host, and not when they are sshing from one host to another (our hosts all have keys set up so we can ssh from one to another without entering passwords). Currently, I have a line for Banner in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file which points to a text file containing the warning message. Banner doesn't appear to have any further config options, so I'm wondering if there is a way to do this with pam or some other mechanism? Thanks.

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• Opening firewall to incoming port 443

  - by jrdioko

  I recently set up the ufw firewall on a Linux machine so that outgoing connections are allowed, incoming connections are denied, and denied connections are logged. This seems to work fine for most cases, but I see many denied connections that are incoming on port 443 (many with IPs associated with Facebook). I can open that port to incoming connections, but first wanted to ask what these could be. Shouldn't HTTPS requests be initiated by me and be treated as outbound, not inbound connections? Is it typical to open incoming port 443 on consumer firewalls?

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