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  • Any experience with SATA SAS Interposer Cards?

    - by korkman
    Driven by the current price difference between SATA and SAS disks on one side and the potentially bad behaviour of SATA disks in bigger storage arrays on the other side, I have found so-called SATA-to-SAS interposer cards. Advertised as "seamlessly adding SAS capabilities to existing SATA disk drives", I wonder if anyone here has had some experience with these or similar products. The major benefits I can identify are the increased cable voltage (if all drives are SAS connected), the ability to power-cycle the drive and multipath (if desired). Obviously the SATA drive will still have to be RAID edition. The question is: Do these cards indeed increase the overall reliability of a storage system, or will failing SATA disks cause trouble nevertheless? Edit: I'm not asking for hypothetical answers, only actual experience please. I'm well aware that the typical 10k SAS drive is more reliable (and better performing) than 7200 SATA drives. But how does a nearline SAS, which is phyiscally the same disk as its SATA counterpart, compare to the SATA version with interposer?

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  • How much space do NTFS hardlinks/symlinks occupy?

    - by Felix Dombek
    Well, I guess it must be something proportional to the original filename plus the new filename for symlinks, and only the new filename for hardlinks, but how does this affect the disk space exactly? I just made a folder with about a hundred thousand symbolic links in it, and the folder still reported 0 bytes usage. I may be mistaken, but I even think the free capacity of the drive remained the same. Then I permanently deleted the folder and the sizes still stayed the same. Could I fill up a hard disk just with symlinks? Or does NTFS have limitations in that no more than x symlinks are allowed on one drive/in one folder, so the capacity of the drive cannot be reached?

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  • Very slow Windows 7 on Thinkpad T61

    - by bogdanf
    I have a very strange problem with my fresh install of Windows 7 Profesional, 64bits on my Lenovo Thinkpad T61 : The overal performance is very slow, the disk is constantly spinning, even without any program running (after boot, no other programs installed). The boot process is very slow itself (4-5 minutes). I mention that the laptop was fine on XP until the upgrade. Thanks ! Additional info (as requested by the comments) : 2GB RAM Yes, I added all the manufacturer (Lenovo) drivers and updates (using the utility provided by Lenovo) Tried with both 32 and 64 bits editions. The 32 bits one is performing a little better, but not very usable either. The hdd has enough space (20 GB or so) The problem is still present on a fresh install, so no recycle bin emptying or unistall programs (there aren't any except plain 7) would help. I'm not a newbie, so no obvious causes are left unchecked

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  • I found a some bad sectors with chkdsk. Should I be worried?

    - by mottalrd
    Yesterday I found a corrupted file in my external usb drive. Since I am using the drive quite often (I am running my vms over there) I decided to run the chkdsk on it This is the result 488384000 KB of total space on disk. 351202364 KB in 1042390 file. 489920 KB in 81101 indexes. 16 KB in damaged sectors. 1204584 KB in use. 65536 KB used from the registry. 135487116 KB available on disk. therefore it has found 16KB of damaged sectors. Now the file is recovered Should I be worried about the HD and run chkdsk periodically from now on?

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  • Determine Location of Inode Usage

    - by Dave Forgac
    I recently installed Munin on a development web server to keep track of system usage. I've noticted that the system's inode usage is climbing by about 7-8% per day even though the disk usage has barely increased at all. I'm guessing something is writing a ton of tiny files but I can't find what / where. I know how to find disk space usage but I can't seem to find a way to summarize inode usage. Is there a good way to determine inode usage by directory so I can locate the source of the usage?

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  • Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

    - by mgjk
    It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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  • Is it secure to store the cert/key on a private AMI?

    - by Phillip Oldham
    Are there any major security implications to bundling a private AMI which contains the private key/certificate & environment variables? For resiliency I'm creating an EC2 image which should be able to boot and configure itself without any intervention. After boot it will attempt to: Attach & mount specific EBS volume(s) Associate a specific Elastic IP Start issuing backups of the EBS volume(s) to S3 However, to do this it will need the private key/pem files and will need certain environment variables to be available on start-up. Since this is a private AMI I'm wondering if it will be "safe" to store these variables/files directly in the image so that I don't need to specify any user-data information and can therefore start a new instance remotely (from my iPhone, if needed) should the instance be terminated for any reason.

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  • Converting an ancient RH8 system to VMware ESXi

    - by donatello
    I am curious to know what options I have to convert a very old RedHat8 machine to a virtual one on ESXi. Looking at VMware Converter it seems there's an option to login to the RH8 using SSH, and from there it will convert to the ESXi-server. That makes me a bit nervous though, exactly what is happening there? The RH8 machine is slightly critical, and if anything messes up it'll likely result in many hours extra work. :( Another option I thought of was to boot a LiveCD on RH8-system and create a raw "dd dump" of the disk. The similar method is used to restore the image, I boot a LiveCD on the VM in ESXi and use "dd" to write it to disk. Is there any other option I could use? I'm using the cheap version of ESXi, hence I have no access to the Converter BootCD so these rather cumbersome methods is the only I can think of. :)

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  • USB connection issue

    - by user1664417
    Currently Im facing an issue when Im trying to connect any usb flash drive to my pc. ok, below is what happens to me: 1) I can connect usb keyboard and mouse without any issue. 2) however when i connect usb flash drive, there are 2 situations that are occuring randomly a) there is no usb drive mount in my computer, when device manager is checked, it shows error code 10, but is shown in disk management. b) my computer will have usb drive mounted, but when I click on it, it is empty. on right click the properties, the disk space show 0. (there are files within the usb) what i have done is: 1) run CCleaner to repair the registry, restart and try, but still not working. 2) uninstall the drive in device manager, restart and try, but still not working. 3) tried the port that connects mouse and keyboard, but does not work. anyone who experienced these problems before please guide me. any suggestions or solutions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Tony

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  • Why are my USB 2.0 devices hanging Windows XP?

    - by BenAlabaster
    Background on the machine I'm having a problem with: The machine was inherited and appears to be circa 2003 (there's a date stamp on the power supply which leads me to this conclusion). I've got it set up as a Skype terminal for my 2 year old to keep in touch with her grandparents and other members of the family - which everyone loves. It has a generic ATX motherboard with no identifying markings other than one stamp that says "Rev.B". CPU-Z identifies the motherboard model as VT8601 but doesn't provide me with any manufacturer name. On board it has 1 x 10/100 LAN, 2 x USB 1.0, VGA, PS/2 for KB and mouse, parallel port, 2 x serial ports, 2 x IDE, 1 x floppy, 2 x SDRAM slots, 1 x CPU housing that is seating a 1.3GHz Intel Celeron CPU, 3 x PCI, 1 x AGP - although you can only use 2 of the PCI slots if you use the AGP slot due to the physical layout of the board. It's got 768Mb PC133 SDRAM - 1 x 512Mb & 1 x 256Mb installed as well as a D-LINK WDA-2320 54G Wi-Fi network card and a generic USB 2.0 expansion board containing 3 x external + 1 x internal USB connectors - it has a NEC uPD720102 chipset. It has a DVD+/-RW running as master on IDE1 and a 1.44Mb 3.5" floppy drive connected to the floppy connector. It has an 80Gb Western Digital hard drive running as master on IDE0. All this is sitting in a slimline case. I don't know the wattage of the PSU, but can post this later if this proves to be helpful. The motherboard is running a version of Award BIOS for which I don't have the version number to hand but can again post this later if it would be helpful. The hard disk is freshly formatted and built with Windows XP Professional/Service Pack 3 and is up to date with all current patches. In addition to Windows XP, the only other software it's running is Skype 4.1 (4.2 hangs the whole machine as soon as it starts up, requiring a hard boot to recover). It's got a Daytek MV150 15" touch screen hooked up to the on board VGA and COM1 sockets with the most current drivers from the Daytek website and the most current version of ELO-Touchsystems drivers for the touch component. The webcam is a Logitech Webcam C200 with the latest drivers from the Logitech website. The problem: If I hook any devices to the USB 2.0 sockets, it hangs the whole machine and I have to hard boot it to get it back up. If I have any devices attached to the USB 2.0 sockets when I boot up, it hangs before Windows gets to the login prompt and I have to hard boot it to recover. Workarounds found: I can plug the same devices into the on board USB 1.0 sockets and everything works fine, albeit at reduced performance. I've tried 3 different kinds of USB thumb drives, 3 different makes/models of webcams and my iPhone all with the same effect. They're recognized and don't hang the machine when I hook them to the USB 1.0 but if I hook them to the USB 2.0 ports, the machine hangs within a couple of seconds of recognizing the devices were connected. Attempted solutions: I've seen suggestions that this could be a power problem - that the PSU just doesn't have the wattage to drive these ports. While I'm doubtful this is the problem [after all the motherboard has the same standard connector regardless of the PSU wattage], I tried disabling all the on board devices that I'm not using - on board LAN, the second COM port, the AGP connector etc. through the BIOS in what I'm sure is a futile attempt to reduce the power consumption... I also modified the ACPI and power management settings. It didn't have any noticeable affect, although it didn't do any harm either. Could the wattage of the PSU really cause this problem? If it can, is there anything I need to be aware of when replacing it or do I just need to make sure it's got a higher wattage than the current one? My interpretation was that the wattage only affected the number of drives you could hook up to the power connectors, is that right? I've installed the USB card in another machine and it works without issue, so it's not a problem with the USB card itself, and Windows says the card is installed and working correctly... right up until I connect a device to it. The only thing I haven't done which I only just thought of while writing this essay is trying the USB 2.0 card in a different PCI slot, or re-ordering the wi-fi and USB cards in the slots... although I'm not sure if this will make any difference - does anyone have any experience that would suggest this might work? Other thoughts/questions: Perhaps this is an incompatibility between the USB 2.0 card and the BIOS, would re-flashing the BIOS with a newer version help? Do I need to be able to identify the manufacturer of the motherboard in order to be able to find a BIOS edition specific for this motherboard or will any version of Award BIOS function in its place? Question: Does anyone have any ideas that could help me get my USB 2.0 devices hooked up to this machine? Edit: Updated the USB 2.0 info with reference to actual card - http://www.xpcgear.com/lpnec4u.html

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  • Why obfuscating a serial number of a device? What is the risk?

    - by Horst Walter
    In one of my xx.stackexchange questions I've got an answer, in which the user has obfuscated his disk's SN (serial number). Recently I have seen this in several photos as well, the SN was blurred out. I' am just curious, because I have never paid attention to this. What could be the potential risk in publishing a device's SN? I do see some sense when it comes to a MAC address, OK, this could be used for tracking. But a SN of a disk, iPad, whatsoever? Maybe there is an important reason for not publishing it, which I haven't seen so far.

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  • end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector xxxxxxxxx

    - by muruga
    I have a IBM server. This server contains 3 hard disk with RAID 5. It was working fine earlier. Unfortunately this machine got the following error message. After that I have rebooted the systems. After that I am getting the following error message in kern.log and demsg kernel: [65896.678870] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 17430271 kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE,SUGGEST_OK : [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Internal target failure Whether it is kernel problem or hard disk problem or Raid problem

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  • Rebuilding RAID1 in Ubuntu

    - by John Utech
    I had my second HD in my RAID1 come up with bad sectors. So I got another drive and pulled out the bad sector drive and put the new drive in. With the original working RAID1 drive in the computer it failed to boot. I manually copied everything from the old drive over via a Gparted Live CD. Still no booting. Kind of scratching my head here as I can see that both of the drives have data on them but are unable to get either of them to boot. I used a Ubuntu live CD and couldn't even manually mount either of the drives, which I thought was really the odd part. Not sure where to go from here.

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  • Why do we still have to use drive letters to identify file systems?

    - by Charles E. Grant
    A friend has run into a problem where they installed Windows 7 from an external drive, and the internal boot drive is now assigned to H:. Theoretically this shouldn't cause problems because there are programming interfaces for getting the drive letter for the system drive. In practice though, there are quite a few programs that assume that C: is the only possible location for the system directories, and they refuse to run with the system directories on H:. That's not Microsoft's fault, but it's a pain none-the-less. The general consensus seems to be that a re-install, setting the internal boot drive to C:, is the only way to avoid fix these problems. UNIX-like systems display all file systems in a single unified directory tree and mostly seem to avoid problems like this. Is it possible to configure a Windows system without reference to drive letters, or does the importance of backwards compatibility mean that Windows will be working with drive letters from now until doomsday?

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  • To Run Linux (Ubuntu) on Windows 7, is using Virtual PC one of the best ways?

    - by Jian Lin
    I need to try Linux (Ubuntu) and feel hesitant to install Ubuntu on top of a Win 7 machine to dual boot (might need to use Win7 and Ubuntu at the same time). Is creating a Virtual PC on Win7, and then installing the latest Ubuntu on that Virtual PC one of the better option? So I think I can create a Virtual PC with an empty virtual hard disk (vhd), say, for 30GB, and then put in the Ubuntu DVD-R or CD-R to install Ubuntu onto that empty hard disk. Update: for some reason, the first time Ubuntu 10.04 installation CD-R boots up, it asked for the Language, and "Install Ubuntu" and then the screen has vertical green bars and then the VPC just closed. The 2nd or 3rd time it booted up, there is no asking of Language or "Install Ubuntu" and just shut down the VPC, sometimes with vertical green bars. I even created another new hard drive and same thing happened. And created VPC 02, and same thing happened. Created VPC 03 with a fixed hard drive size of 60GB and same thing happened.

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  • VirtualBox: Grub sees hard drive, Linux does not

    - by thabubble
    I installed Linux on my second hard drive. I can boot to it just fine. But when I try to boot it from a Windows 7 host using http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch09.html#rawdisk, grub sees it and can load vmlinuz and initramfs. Log: :: running early hook [udev] :: running hook [udev] :: Triggering uevents... :: running hook [plymouth] :: Loading plymouth...done. ... Waiting 10 seconds for device /dev/disk/by-uuid/{root UUID} ... ERROR: device 'UUID={root UUID}' not found. Skipping fsck. ERROR: Unable to find root device 'UUID={root UUID}' It then drops me into a recovery shell. I checked "/etc/fstab" and it's empty, there are also no sd* devices in dev, the only thing in /dev/disk/by-id is a VBox CD device. I'm not too good with these kinds of things so help would be greatly appriciated.

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  • Will the other directories on my C drive still be visible?

    - by user225626
    My Windows 7 ate itself, corrupted a few files, now refuses to boot. On the same drive were other directories of various assorted non-Microsoft applications I like to use. After the crash, I have been mounting those from outside (as F:[whatever]). If I go ahead and reinstall Windows 7 on that drive and use the drive again as my primary, will those other directories be visible to it from inside? Meaning if I boot up my new installation of Windows from within that drive, will I be able to see those other old directories via Windows Explorer on the C drive (where any haven't been run over by the reinstalled OS)? Thanks for any help.

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  • Unable to create a Windows 7 system image of a failing hard drive

    - by Rahul
    The hard disk of my one year old T400 Thinkpad has started failing periodic hardware tests. I get a "Targeted Read Test Failed" error. The "SMART short self test" times out. I am now trying to create a Windows 7 System image of the hard disk but it fails without giving any specific error messages. I tried using Comodo Backup but got an error (code 101117) there as well. I have copied the important files in Dropbox but would like to take a full System backup as I have plenty of software installed on the machine. Does anyone know why this is happening and how I can take a backup of the system image ?

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  • Samba / smbd on Centos 6.5

    - by Satalink
    I've installed Samba4 and have the smb.conf file as follows: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = Samba Server realm = REXIALO.COM netbios name = REXIALO.COM security = user map to guest = Bad Password bind interfaces only = no interfaces = lo venet0 log file = /var/log/samba/samba.log max log size = 1000 [webroot] path = /usr/local/apache/htdocs comment = Example.com webroot directory read only = No I can connect from the same server with smbclient. Localhost: # smbclient -L localhost -U root Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.11] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- webroot Disk RexiAlo webroot directory IPC$ IPC IPC Service (RexiAlo Samba Server) Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.11] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- -------Enter root's password: network: # smbclient -L rexialo.com -U Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.11] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- webroot Disk RexiAlo webroot directory IPC$ IPC IPC Service (RexiAlo Samba Server) Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 4.1.11] Server Comment --------- ------- Workgroup Master --------- ------- The problem is when I try to map to the smb webroot from Windows 7, it asks for user/pass but just times out and then prompts for credentials. The samba.log file does not show any activity other than the startup of the smbd process. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Robocopy to copy only new folders and files

    - by Valery Shampal
    A task: To find all new files and subfolders under some root folder (let us say Documents) and to copy them to other disk (j: in this case) Command line used: robocopy c:\users\valery\documents j:\robocopy /XO /E /MAXAGE:20131030 /XD Result: A full folders tree created. Only new files copyed, as supposed. It's good A point is, that I do not want to create all subfolders on a target disk, if there are no new files in them. Results are exeptable, but there is a lot of work to go through all folders and to find new files, as well, as to understand, what subfolders are a new ones Regards, Valery

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  • Why sizes are different, and what do they mean?

    - by Ramy
    I have a 1 TB hard drive that consists of one NTFS partition which I use to back up my data (no operating system). The size of all the data in it is : 726 GB, size on disk: 728 GB, and the used space when I check the properties is: 731 GB. There's a 5 GB difference between the size and the used space. Why is that huge difference there? What's the difference between these sizes? (size, size on disk, and used space) Is there a way to calculate the difference, and be sure the HDD is not messing around? Is that normal?

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  • USB Format Error

    - by Dan Finan
    I'm having a real headache trying to reformat a USB drive. Initially it had a 200mb EFI partition and it caused the drive to disappear altogether. Since then I ran the CMD and wiped the disk using 'diskpart'. It took a few attempts but it finally cleaned the drive. Since then it has reappeared under (:E) however I am unable to access the drive and Windows is preventing me from reformatting it. I am just presented with 'Windows was unable to complete the format'. It's now acting like a CD drive instead of removable storage. I've tried going through Disk Management and I'm presented with the same error. I've removed the USB controllers from Device Manager - when the drive is connected again it re-installs the drivers and acts the same way. Any help given will be greatly appreciated, thank you. (Windows 7 machine)

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  • System reserved

    - by arun sidharth
    I have a HP laptop. I upgraded to windows 7 ultimate from home basic. Now I'm trying to upgrade to Windows 8 but when I do I get a message saying not enough system partition. So I opened the disk manager and increased the size of system reserved partition and it was of no use I still got the same error. Then I unfortunately deleted the 100MB system reserved partition by right clicking it and clicking format in the disk manager! Now I am not able to boot any CD's from the startup including OS and recovery CD. Whenever I press esc it always goes to the login screen and it doesn't say anything about the boot from CD option. Now I could not even use my recovery CD. I have 3 questions: Is it necesseary to create a system reserved partition if so how to create it? How to use my recovery cd How to install win 8

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  • What does the the reconstruction process of mdadm do exactly on raid10

    - by Azrael
    I've got a system with 4 disks set up as raid10. All disks are usable, and mdadm all states them with UUUU. Due to a recent system crash, the raid is currently reconstruction the raid as it was marked as "not clean," and a reconstruction process was started. On a closer look smartctl shows problems on one disk: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 24 cd 78 d4 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 24 cd 75 1e 00 04 00 00 With a research about the reconstruction process, I only found information concerning raid5 but nothing for raid10. Can I replace this problematic disk during the reconstruction process, or will I kill the raid with this?

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