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  • RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument

    - by LinuxPenseur
    Hi, When my system boots up it shows the following message. Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth2: RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth3: RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument [ OK ] Why is this happening. Normally it does not give the message RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument I did ifconfig and the output is eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:50:6D:56:B4 inet addr:120.0.10.137 Bcast:120.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::200:50ff:fe6d:56b4/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:214 (214.0 b) Base address:0xa000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:50:6D:56:B5 inet addr:121.0.10.137 Bcast:121.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::200:50ff:fe6d:56b5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:214 (214.0 b) Base address:0xc000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:50:6D:56:B6 inet addr:128.0.10.137 Bcast:128.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::200:50ff:fe6d:56b6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1006 (1006.0 b) TX bytes:396 (396.0 b) Interrupt:16 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:50:6D:56:B7 inet addr:123.0.10.137 Bcast:123.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::200:50ff:fe6d:56b7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:728 (728.0 b) TX bytes:396 (396.0 b) Interrupt:17 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:980 (980.0 b) TX bytes:980 (980.0 b) What could be the reason for the message and how to change this to normal? Thanks

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  • Configure a SPF rule on Ubuntu

    - by TiuTalk
    Where I can create/insert the SPF rules to allow a external server to authenticate and send e-mails using the domain name of my server running Ubuntu? I need to insert this rule: v=spf1 ip4:111.111.111.111/29 ip4:111.111.111.111/24 a mx ~all Thanks :)

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  • Setting up a Network Bridge on Linux VM (Windows 7 Host)

    - by GrandAdmiral
    I would like to use NetEm to simulate a low bandwidth environment while testing an Internet-connected device. My plan is to setup a bridge in a Linux VM (Linux Mint 13) on a Windows 7 host. Unfortunately I'm having trouble setting up the bridge. Then I can use NetEm in the Linux VM to limit the bandwidth to an external device. I went with the following script: ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 promisc up Then create the bridge and bring it up: brctl addbr br0 brctl setfd br0 0 brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl addif br0 eth1 dhclient br0 ifconfig br0 up When I run that script, I see the following warning: Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8) utility, e.g. service smbd reload Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an Upstart job, you may also use the reload(8) utility, e.g. reload smbd The device connecting to the bridge is able to obtain an IP Address, but it can only ping the IP Address of the bridge (both are 10.2.32.xx). Then after a few minutes, other parts of our network go down. I'm not sure why, but once I kill the bridge the network is fine. Is it possible to setup a network bridge in a Linux VM? Do I need to do something else with the dhclient br0 part of the script? By the way, I'm using VirtualBox. The wired connection is eth0 and the wireless connection is eth1. The wired connection is connecting to the device and the wireless connection is going to the network. Both adapters are set up as bridged adapters with promiscuous mode set to "allow all".

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  • Is Hacom Mars II Dual Blade good ?

    - by Joachim H. Skeie
    I am considering getting a Hacom Mars II Dual Blade for use as a firewall in a data-center for one of my colocated solutions. As the 1U enclosure have two identical firewalls, I am intending to use one of the firewalls as the external firewall using packet-filtering and load balancer (balancing load for my front-end nodes), while using the second as the internal firewall (as an application gateway). But I have no experience with Hacom, or pfSense firewalls. They do look really good on paper, but how are they in practice ?

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  • Exchange 2010 email spoofing prevention

    - by holian
    Masters, Unfortunately we got some spam mail which seems to be coming from our own domain. I found some article which all says to remove Anonymous login from internet receive connector (http://exchangepedia.com/2008/09/how-to-prevent-annoying-spam-from-your-own-domain.html) I think i something misunderstood about those articles, because if i remove the Anonymous connection e-mails did not receive from external address (like gmail - Diagnostic-Code: SMTP; 530 5.7.1 Client was not authenticated) Some pictures about our configuration:

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  • Routing RFC1918 addresses through dd-wrt via a switch

    - by espenfjo
    I am a bit stuck with an experiment of mine. I have a network looking somewhat like this. | Internet | | ---- |Switch| ---- | | Server w/pub IP | DD-WRT router 192.168.1.1 | | RFC1918 clients 192.168.1.0/24 What I want is for the RFC1918 clients to speak directly with each others. On the server with the public IP I have this route: 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 scope link and can see that packets are infact reaching the dd-wrt router for 192.168.1.1, even though if I get no answer. Trying to reach one of the RFC1918 clients from the public IP server will get no result, as the dd-wrt router is not announcing that network on to its external interface (arp who-has 192.168.1.107 tell xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, but no answer). The router being an WLAN dd-wrt router has of course a load of routes, VLANs and interfaces: xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.244 84.215.64.0/18 dev vlan2 proto kernel scope link src xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 169.254.0.0/16 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 169.254.255.1 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo scope link 0.0.0.0 via xxx.xxx.xxx.1 dev vlan2 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx being the public IP, and xxx.xxx.xxx.1 being the default route for the public IP. I am not sure where to continue with this. I would recon that I both need routing on the dd-wrt router, as well as some iptables magic? Why do something this complex? Why not ;) Also, do not mind that "Internet" can get RFC1918 traffic, it wont go outside of the walls. EDIT 1: Following the tip from stew I do indeed get the correct ARP flowing. And adding an iptables rule for allowing traffic from that specific public IPd machine I get traffic between the systems! Oddly enough though, the speed I get from Server w/pub IP - RFC1918 clients are the same as if the traffic were routed out onto the Internet and back. Edit 2: Ok, disconnecting the external Internet connection will still give the same, crappy transfer speed. So it has to be something else. Edit 3: Ok, I guess there are other reasons for this crappy speed. Case closed. :)

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  • OpenVPN IPV6 Tunnel Radvd

    - by Arenstar
    Hello.. I have an interesting question regarding ipv6 + openvpn.. My Version is OpenVPN 2.1.1 i have been given a native /64 ipv6 network ( for this example 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 ) The plan was/is, route this block through openvpn and into an office ( for testing purposes ) Soo to explain.. I have a Centos Box as the first linux "router" in a datacenter & a Ubuntu box as the second linux "router" in the office I have created a simple point-to-point tunnel using tun ( based off ipv4 address to start the tunnel ) I have assigned to Centos /sbin/ip addr add fed1::1/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip addr add fed2::2/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev tun0 ## ipv6 Block down the tunnel /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev eth0 ## Default out to Gateway I have assigned to Ubuntu /sbin/ip addr add fed1::3/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip addr add fed1::4/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev eth0 ## ipv6 Block down to eth0 /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev tun0 ## Default up the tunnel I have also included on both servers.. sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 Looks Good... right??? Wrong.. :( I am not able to ping fed1::1 from fed1::4 (Ubuntu) (can ping :4,:3,:2) However, i can ping fed1::1 fed1::2 from :3 ?????? ( very strange ) I am able to access the internet from any ipv6 interface on the Centos Box but clearly not from the Ubuntu box.. Further, i will eventually run radvd on the Ubuntu box eth0, and autoconf the network with ipv6 address's Anyone with some advice / tips to help me out.. ??? Cheers

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  • Can't connect to MySQL on CentOS 5 Error 13 - Permission Denied

    - by abszero
    Ok, I have an install of CentOS 5 running as a GuestOS in VirtualBox. The network card for the Cent box is bridged with that of my host OS so that the boxes can see each other. Cent has an IP of 192.168.1.108 and my Host box has an IP of .104. Everything, with regard to networking, seems to be working properly as I can access the Drupal install that is on the Cent box from a web browser on my host box by navigating to http://192.168.1.108 however when I try to configure the database for Drupal through the Drupal install interface I am getting the Can't connect to MySQL error. First I thought this might of been a Firewall issue so I stopped iptables but that had no effect. I thought maybe the user I had setup did not have access to the server so I tried root and that did not work. Searching on the net said that I needed to provide a bind-address parameter to my.cnf so I did that with no change. (As a side note the length of my my.cnf file was MUCH shorter than the ones presented online. In fact under mysqld all I have are datadir, socket, user, and bind-address. Is this normal or should the file be more verbose?) After a few hours of messing with permissions and such I tried using 'localhost' as the value for the database server, from my HOST OS, and the Drupal install kicked off without a problem. So while my issue is resolved I am curious as to why 'localhost' works and why 192.168.1.108 did not? Is there something i need to do to specifically access the MySQL box via the aforementioned IP? Thanks.

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  • How should I set up my Hyper-V server and network topology?

    - by Daniel Waechter
    This is my first time setting up either Hyper-V or Windows 2008, so please bear with me. I am setting up a pretty decent server running Windows Server 2008 R2 to be a remote (colocated) Hyper-V host. It will be hosting Linux and Windows VMs, initially for developers to use but eventually also to do some web hosting and other tasks. Currently I have two VMs, one Windows and one Ubuntu Linux, running pretty well, and I plan to clone them for future use. Right now I'm considering the best ways to configure developer and administrator access to the server once it is moved into the colocation facility, and I'm seeking advice on that. My thought is to set up a VPN for access to certain features of the VMs on the server, but I have a few different options for going about this: Connect the server to an existing hardware firewall (an old-ish Netscreen 5-GT) that can create a VPN and map external IPs to the VMs, which will have their own IPs exposed through the virtual interface. One problem with this choice is that I'm the only one trained on the Netscreen, and its interface is a bit baroque, so others may have difficulty maintaining it. Advantage is that I already know how to do it, and I know it will do what I need. Connect the server directly to the network and configure the Windows 2008 firewall to restrict access to the VMs and set up a VPN. I haven't done this before, so it will have a learning curve, but I'm willing to learn if this option is better long-term than the Netscreen. Another advantage is that I won't have to train anyone on the Netscreen interface. Still, I'm not certain if the capabilities of the Windows software firewall as far as creating VPNs, setting up rules for external access to certain ports on the IPs of Hyper-V servers, etc. Will it be sufficient for my needs and easy enough to set up / maintain? Anything else? What are the limitations of my approaches? What are the best practices / what has worked well for you? Remember that I need to set up developer access as well as consumer access to some services. Is a VPN even the right choice?

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  • How to mount a HFS partition in Ubuntu as Read/Write?

    - by GiH
    I plugged in my external harddrive (which was formatted on my Mac into HFS+ journaled) to my Ubuntu desktop 9.04 64bit. I am not able to get the drive to mount with write capability, how do I do that? Right now all I'm getting is read access, I tried sudo mount -t hfsplus /dev/sdf2 /media/"Portable HD" but that still gave me only read access... ideas??

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  • Website and Web Services Monitoring

    - by JohnyD
    I'm looking for a good product (either stand-alone or remote) that will monitor our online services. We're in a transition period between new asp.net and old foxpro / cgi and because of this experience errors that can make our services unresponsive. Can anyone suggest internal/external tools, subscription based solutions, or anything else that I can put in place to monitor all aspects of our web services? Thank you

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  • Cannot assign a letter to a FAT32 partition

    - by Toc
    I have an external hard disk where I have created many partitions to use also in Linux. First two partitions are FAT32. The third is a Truecrypt partition. I cannot assign a letter to the second partition. When I go to Manage disk and right-click on the unassigned partition, most of the options are not enabled. What have I to do to see this partition on my XP PC?

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  • How to tell statd to use portmap on a non-localhost ipadress?

    - by jneves
    How can I make statd connect to other IP address other than 127.0.0.1? I have a server that is connected to 2 different networks (one is public, another a private). I want it to provide a NFS share for only the private network. The host in an ubuntu 8.04. The private ip address is 192.168.1.202 I changed /etc/default/portmap to add: OPTIONS="-i 192.168.1.202" The command lsof -n | grep portmap returns: portmap 10252 daemon cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon txt REG 202,0 15248 13461 /sbin/portmap portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 83708 32823 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 1364388 32817 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 31304 16588 /lib/libwrap.so.0.7.6 portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 109152 16955 /lib/ld-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon 0u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 1u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 2u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 3u unix 0xecc8c3c0 4332992 socket portmap 10252 daemon 4u IPv4 4332993 UDP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc portmap 10252 daemon 5u IPv4 4332994 TCP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc (LISTEN) portmap 10252 daemon 6u REG 0,12 289 3821511 /var/run/portmap_mapping I defined in /etc/hosts the following: 192.168.1.202 server.local In /etc/default/nfs-common I changed STATDOPTS to: STATDOPTS="--name server.local" Yet when I run /etc/init.d/nfs-common start if fails to start. The log shows: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Version 1.1.2 Starting Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Flags: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: unable to register (statd, 1, udp). An strace -f rpc.statd -n server.local results in a lot of lines, including this one: sendto(9, "\200]3\362\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\1\206\240\0\0\0\2\0\0\0\1"..., 56, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(111), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 56

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  • How to replace the domain name in a Wordpress database?

    - by Cristian
    I have a Wordpress database which was installed in a development environment... thus, all references to the site itself have a fixed IP address (say 192.168.16.2). Now, I have to migrate that database to a new Wordpress installation on a hosting. The problem is that the SQL dump contains a lot of references to the IP address, and I have to replace it with: my_domain.com. I could use sed or some other command to change the that from the command line, the problem is that there are a lot of configuration data which uses JSON. So what? Well, as you know, JSON arrays uses things like: s:4: to know how many chars an element has, and thus, if I just replace the IP with the domain name, the configuration files will get corrupted. I used an app for Windows some years ago that allows to change values in a database and takes care of the JSON arrays. Unfortunately, I forgot the name of the app... so the question is: do you know any app that allows me to do what I want?

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  • Apple: Airport extreme, 3 questions

    - by Patrick
    1) Can I use airport extreme + external hard disk as a server ? I mean, can I run operating systems such as ubuntu on it ? 2) Is it a bit noisy ? Can I place it in my sleeping room ? 3) Can airport extreme expand networks ? On the Apple website they say only Time Capsule can do it: www.apple.com/wifi/ thanks

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  • Hyper-V VM Lab + RRAS + RDP

    - by Dennis Evans
    My background is primarily .NET Development with some System Administration skills. I'm trying to set up a VM Lab for me to test System Applications I'm developing but I've only ever done System Administration in already set up environments; I've never set up my own. My current setup: Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Host on physical machine (only role enabled) with two NICs. First NIC dedicated for Management w/ DHCP address from company's network. Second NIC dedicated to RRAS VM w/ DHCP address from company's network. RRAS VM has two NICS, one is virtual private internal only NIC w/ static entry. The other is the physical NIC mentioned above. I've joined it to my VMLab.net internal domain. My Active Directory Domain Controller server (ADCT) also runs DNS, DHCP, and Certificate Services which I'm familiar with but don't understand completely. RRAS is already set up with NAT to provide the private internal network with Internet access. What I would like to do is be able to RDP into the servers/computers on the VMLab.net domain from my computer. Do I need to add the Remote Desktop Services role and enable the Remote Desktop Gateway service on RRAS in order to do this or is there a way to set up port forwarding on RRAS to just allow a direct connection to the internal servers...or both? What would the best practices be here? Network Diagram http://i.stack.imgur.com/4qfnk.png

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  • Courier-imap login problem after upgrading / enabling verbose logging

    - by halka
    I've updated my mail server last night, from Debian etch to lenny. So far I've encountered a problem with my postfix installation, mainly that I managed to broke the IMAP access somehow. When trying to connect to the IMAP server with Thunderbird, all I get in mail.log is: Feb 12 11:57:16 mail imapd-ssl: Connection, ip=[::ffff:10.100.200.65] Feb 12 11:57:16 mail imapd-ssl: LOGIN: ip=[::ffff:10.100.200.65], command=AUTHENTICATE Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: received auth request, service=imap, authtype=login Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: authmysql: trying this module Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: SQL query: SELECT username, password, "", '105', '105', '/var/virtual', maildir, "", name, "" FROM mailbox WHERE username = '[email protected]' AND (active=1) Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: password matches successfully Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: authmysql: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=105, sysgroupid=105, homedir=/var/virtual, [email protected], fullname=<null>, maildir=xoxo.sk/[email protected]/, quota=<null>, options=<null> Feb 12 11:57:16 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=<null>, sysuserid=105, sysgroupid=105, homedir=/var/virtual, [email protected], fullname=<null>, maildir=xoxo.sk/[email protected]/, quota=<null>, options=<null> ...and then Thunderbird proceeds to complain that it cant' login / lost connection. Thunderbird is definitely not configured to connect through SSL/TLS. POP3 (also provided by Courier) is working fine. I've been mainly looking for a way to make the courier-imap logging more verbose, like can be seen for example here. Edit: Sorry about the mess, I've found that I've been funneling the log through grep imap, which naturally didn't display entries for authdaemond. The verbose logging configuration entry is found in /etc/courier/imapd under DEBUG_LOGIN=1 (set to 1 to enable verbose logging, set to 2 to enable dumping plaintext passwords to logfile. Careful.)

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  • Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

    - by caleban
    A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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  • What if I dismount main volume, where the Windows is installed

    - by ST3
    I'm writing permanent file deletion tool and accessing raw disk clusters. Since Windows Vista writing into raw disk is a bit more complicated. I have tried on my external data device first and worked fine, however one of the steps was dismounting of the volume, not sure if it is a good idea to dismount main volume where the Windows are. Want to ask that is possible consequences and if it safe/unsafe/very unsafe.

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  • ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

    - by rick
    Firstly, I know that this question has been asked a million times, and I have read everything I can find and still cannot fix the problem. i am encountering this issue when ssh'ing in from my mac to my Ubuntu server on a fresh install of Ubuntu (I reinstalled because of this issue). I have SSH portmapped to 7070 because my ISP is blocking 22. On the client: bash: ssh -p 7070 -v [email protected] debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to address.org port 7070. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/me/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host Here's what I have done to try to resolve the issue: Made sure my maxstartups is ok: bash: grep MaxStartups /etc/ssh/sshd_config #MaxStartups 10:30:60 Made sure hosts.deny is clear of denials. Made sure hosts.allow has my client IP. Clear out known_hosts on client Changed ownership of /var/run to root Made sure etc/run/ssh is Made sure /var/empty exists Reinstall openssh-server Reinstall ubuntu When I run telnet localhost, I get this: telnet localhost Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused When I run /usr/sbin/sshd -t Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key When I regenerate the keys with ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key I get the same error. I am pretty sure this is the issue. Can anyone help?

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  • Private IP getting routed over Internet

    - by WernerCD
    We are setting up an internal program, on an internal server that uses the private 172.30.x.x subnet... when we ping the address 172.30.138.2, it routes across the internet: C:\>tracert 172.30.138.2 Tracing route to 172.30.138.2 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 6 ms 1 ms 1 ms xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.org [192.168.28.1] 2 * * * Request timed out. 3 12 ms 13 ms 9 ms xxxxxxxxxxx.xxxxxx.xx.xxx.xxxxxxx.net [68.85.xx.xx] 4 15 ms 11 ms 55 ms te-7-3-ar01.salisbury.md.bad.comcast.net [68.87.xx.xx] 5 13 ms 14 ms 18 ms xe-11-0-3-0-ar04.capitolhghts.md.bad.comcast.net [68.85.xx.xx] 6 19 ms 18 ms 14 ms te-1-0-0-4-cr01.denver.co.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 7 28 ms 30 ms 30 ms pos-4-12-0-0-cr01.atlanta.ga.ibone.comcast.net [68.86.xx.xx] 8 30 ms 43 ms 30 ms 68.86.xx.xx 9 30 ms 29 ms 31 ms 172.30.138.2 Trace complete. This has a number of us confused. If we had a VPN setup, it wouldn't show up as being routed across the internet. If it hit an internet server, Private IP's (such as 192.168) shouldn't get routed. What would let a private IP address get routed across servers? would the fact that it's all comcast mean that they have their routers setup wrong?

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  • TCP Handshake and port numbers

    - by Guido
    (I have a question about the TCP handshake and how port numbers are assigned, if this does not belong here, let me know.) Hi, I'm studying TCP/IP from the book "Internetworking with TCP/IP" by Douglas Comer. In the TCP chapter it mentions that TCP defines an "endpoint" as a pair (IP address, port number), and a connection is defined by two endpoints. This has a few implications, such as, a local TCP port could be in several connections at once, as long as there are no two from the same IP and the same remote port. This also means that the amount of established connections is almost limitless (2^16 for every IPv4 address. 2^48 in total). Now, in class, I was told that when one connects to a listening port, both sides agree on a different port to use, so the communication can happen and the listener socket remains free. This was also my belief before reading the book. Now I feel like I should obviously trust the book (It's Comer!), but is there any truth to the other explanation? Thanks

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