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  • SQLAlchemy introspection of ORM classes/objects

    - by Adam Batkin
    I am looking for a way to introspect SQLAlchemy ORM classes/entities to determine the types and other constraints (like maximum lengths) of an entity's properties. For example, if I have a declarative class: class User(Base): __tablename__ = "USER_TABLE" id = sa.Column(sa.types.Integer, primary_key=True) fullname = sa.Column(sa.types.String(100)) username = sa.Column(sa.types.String(20), nullable=False) password = sa.Column(sa.types.String(20), nullable=False) created_timestamp = sa.Column(sa.types.DateTime, nullable=False) I would want to be able to find out that the 'fullname' field should be a String with a maximum length of 100, and is nullable. And the 'created_timestamp' field is a DateTime and is not nullable.

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  • Qt/PyQt dialog with togglable fullscreen mode - problem on Windows

    - by Guard
    I have a dialog created in PyQt. It's purpose and functionality don't matter. The init is: class MyDialog(QWidget, ui_module.Ui_Dialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MyDialog, self).__init__(parent) self.setupUi(self) self.installEventFilter(self) self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Dialog | Qt.WindowTitleHint) self.showMaximized() Then I have event filtering method: def eventFilter(self, obj, event): if event.type() == QEvent.KeyPress: key = event.key() if key == Qt.Key_F11: if self.isFullScreen(): self.setWindowFlags(self._flags) if self._state == 'm': self.showMaximized() else: self.showNormal() self.setGeometry(self._geometry) else: self._state = 'm' if self.isMaximized() else 'n' self._flags = self.windowFlags() self._geometry = self.geometry() self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Tool | Qt.FramelessWindowHint) self.showFullScreen() return True elif key == Qt.Key_Escape: self.close() return QWidget.eventFilter(self, obj, event) As can be seen, Esc is used for dialog hiding, and F11 is used for toggling full-screen. In addition, if the user changed the dialog mode from the initial maximized to normal and possibly moved the dialog, it's state and position are restored after exiting the full-screen. Finally, the dialog is created on the MainWindow action triggered: d = MyDialog(self) d.show() It works fine on Linux (Ubuntu Lucid), but quite strange on Windows 7: if I go to the full-screen from the maximized mode, I can't exit full-screen (on F11 dialog disappears and appears in full-screen mode again). If I change the dialog's mode to Normal (by double-clicking its title), then go to full-screen and then return back, the dialog is shown in the normal mode, in the correct position, but without the title line. Most probably the reason for both cases is the same - the setWindowFlags doesn't work. But why? Is it also possible that it is the bug in the recent PyQt version? On Ubuntu I have 4.6.x from apt, and on Windows - the latest installer from the riverbank site.

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  • Estimating the boundary of arbitrarily distributed data

    - by Dave
    I have two dimensional discrete spatial data. I would like to make an approximation of the spatial boundaries of this data so that I can produce a plot with another dataset on top of it. Ideally, this would be an ordered set of (x,y) points that matplotlib can plot with the plt.Polygon() patch. My initial attempt is very inelegant: I place a fine grid over the data, and where data is found in a cell, a square matplotlib patch is created of that cell. The resolution of the boundary thus depends on the sampling frequency of the grid. Here is an example, where the grey region are the cells containing data, black where no data exists. OK, problem solved - why am I still here? Well.... I'd like a more "elegant" solution, or at least one that is faster (ie. I don't want to get on with "real" work, I'd like to have some fun with this!). The best way I can think of is a ray-tracing approach - eg: from xmin to xmax, at y=ymin, check if data boundary crossed in intervals dx y=ymin+dy, do 1 do 1-2, but now sample in y An alternative is defining a centre, and sampling in r-theta space - ie radial spokes in dtheta increments. Both would produce a set of (x,y) points, but then how do I order/link neighbouring points them to create the boundary? A nearest neighbour approach is not appropriate as, for example (to borrow from Geography), an isthmus (think of Panama connecting N&S America) could then close off and isolate regions. This also might not deal very well with the holes seen in the data, which I would like to represent as a different plt.Polygon. The solution perhaps comes from solving an area maximisation problem. For a set of points defining the data limits, what is the maximum contiguous area contained within those points To form the enclosed area, what are the neighbouring points for the nth point? How will the holes be treated in this scheme - is this erring into topology now? Apologies, much of this is me thinking out loud. I'd be grateful for some hints, suggestions or solutions. I suspect this is an oft-studied problem with many solution techniques, but I'm looking for something simple to code and quick to run... I guess everyone is, really! Cheers, David

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  • Get particular row as series from pandas dataframe

    - by Pratyush
    How do we get a particular filtered row as series? Example dataframe: >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'date': [20130101, 20130101, 20130102], 'location': ['a', 'a', 'c']}) >>> df date location 0 20130101 a 1 20130101 a 2 20130102 c I need to select the row where location is c as a series. I tried: row = df[df["location"] == "c"].head(1) # gives a dataframe row = df.ix[df["location"] == "c"] # also gives a dataframe with single row In either cases I can't the row as series.

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  • Jython java call throws exception asking for 2 args when only one arg is coded

    - by clutch
    I have an Java method I want to call within my Jython servlet running on tomcat5. It looks like this: @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public School loadByName(String name) { List<School> school; school = getHibernateTemplate().find("from " + getPersistentClass().getName() + " where name = ?", name); return uniqueResult(school); } I call it in Jython using: foobar = SchoolDAOHibernate.loadByName('Univeristy') It throws an error that says loadByName() expects 2 args; got 1. What other argument could it be looking for?

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  • How to separate comma separeted data from csv file?

    - by Rahul
    I have opened a csv file and I want to sort each string which is comma separeted and are in same line: ex:: file : name,sal,dept tom,10000,it o/p :: each string in string variable I have a file which is already open, so I can not use "open" API, I have to use "csv.reader" which have to read one line at a time.

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  • Moving a turtle to the center of a circle.

    - by Maggie
    I've just started using the turtle graphics program, but I can't figure out how to move the turtle automatically to the center of a circle (no matter where the circle is located) without it drawing any lines. I thought I could use the goto.() function but it's too specific and I need something general.

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  • SQLAlchemy: who is in charge of the "session"? ( and how to unit-test with sessions )

    - by Nick Perkins
    I need some guidance on how to use session objects with SQLAlchemy, and how to organize Unit Tests of my mapped objects. What I would like to able to do is something like this: thing = BigThing() # mapped object child = thing.new_child() # create and return a related object thing.save() # will also save the child object In order to achieve this, I was thinking of having the BigThing actually add itself ( and it's children ) to the database -- but maybe this not a good idea? One reason to add objects as soon as possible is Automatic id values that are assigned by the database -- the sooner they are available, the fewer problems there are ( right? ) What is the best way to manage session objects? Who is in charge of the session? Should it be created only when required? or saved for a long time? What about Unit Tests for my mapped objects?...how should the session be handled? Is it ever OK to have mapped objects just automatically add themselves to a database? or is that going to lead to trouble?

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  • How to write data by dynamic parameter name

    - by Maxim Welikobratov
    I need to be able to write data to datastore of google-app-engine for some known entity. But I don't want write assignment code for each parameter of the entity. I meen, I don't want do like this val_1 = self.request.get('prop_1') val_2 = self.request.get('prop_2') ... val_N = self.request.get('prop_N') item.prop_1 = val_1 item.prop_2 = val_2 ... item.prop_N = val_N item.put() instead, I want to do something like this args = self.request.arguments() for prop_name in args: item.set(prop_name, self.request.get(prop_name)) item.put() dose anybody know how to do this trick?

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  • How do you access config outside of a request in CherryPy?

    - by OrganicPanda
    I've got a webapp running on CherryPy that needs to access the CherryPy config files before a user creates a request. The docs say to use: host = cherrypy.request.app.config['database']['host'] But that won't work outside of a user request. You can also use the application object when you start the app like so: ... application = cherrypy.tree.mount(root, '/', app_conf) host = application.config['database']['host'] ... But I can see no way of accessing 'application' from other classes outside of a user request. I ask because our app looks at several databases and we set them up when the app starts rather than on user request. I have a feeling this would be useful in other places too; so is there any way to store a reference to 'application' somewhere or access it through the CherryPy API?

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  • cx_Oracle and output variables

    - by Tim
    I'm trying to do this again an Oracle 10 database: cursor = connection.cursor() lOutput = cursor.var(cx_Oracle.STRING) cursor.execute(""" BEGIN %(out)s := 'N'; END;""", {'out' : lOutput}) print lOutput.value but I'm getting DatabaseError: ORA-01036: illegal variable name/number Is it possible to define PL/SQL blocks in cx_Oracle this way?

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  • SQLAlchemy Expression Language problem

    - by Torkel
    I'm trying to convert this to something sqlalchemy expression language compatible, I don't know if it's possible out of box and are hoping someone more experienced can help me along. The backend is PostgreSQL and if I can't make it as an expression I'll create a string instead. SELECT DISTINCT date_trunc('month', x.x) as date, COALESCE(b.res1, 0) AS res1, COALESCE(b.res2, 0) AS res2 FROM generate_series( date_trunc('year', now() - interval '1 years'), date_trunc('year', now() + interval '1 years'), interval '1 months' ) AS x LEFT OUTER JOIN( SELECT date_trunc('month', access_datetime) AS when, count(NULLIF(resource_id != 1, TRUE)) AS res1, count(NULLIF(resource_id != 2, TRUE)) AS res2 FROM tracking_entries GROUP BY date_trunc('month', access_datetime) ) AS b ON (date_trunc('month', x.x) = b.when) First of all I got a class TrackingEntry mapped to tracking_entries, the select statement within the outer joined can be converted to something like (pseudocode):: from sqlalchemy.sql import func, select from datetime import datetime, timedelta stmt = select([ func.date_trunc('month', TrackingEntry.resource_id).label('when'), func.count(func.nullif(TrackingEntry.resource_id != 1, True)).label('res1'), func.count(func.nullif(TrackingEntry.resource_id != 2, True)).label('res2') ], group_by=[func.date_trunc('month', TrackingEntry.access_datetime), ]) Considering the outer select statement I have no idea how to build it, my guess is something like: outer = select([ func.distinct(func.date_trunc('month', ?)).label('date'), func.coalesce(?.res1, 0).label('res1'), func.coalesce(?.res2, 0).label('res2') ], from_obj=[ func.generate_series( datetime.now(), datetime.now() + timedelta(days=365), timedelta(days=1) ).label(x) ]) Then I suppose I have to link those statements together without using foreign keys: outer.outerjoin(stmt???).??(func.date_trunc('month', ?.?), ?.when) Anyone got any suggestions or even better a solution?

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  • Regular Expression Question

    - by zyq524
    I'm trying to use regular expression to extract the comments in the heading of a file. For example, the source code may look like: //This is an example file. //Please help me. #include "test.h" int main() //main function { ... } What I want to extract from the code are the first two lines, i.e. //This is an example file. //Please help me. Any idea?

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  • Right way to return proxy model instance from a base model instance in Django ?

    - by sotangochips
    Say I have models: class Animal(models.Model): type = models.CharField(max_length=255) class Dog(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Woof!" class Meta: proxy = True class Cat(Animal): def make_sound(self): print "Meow!" class Meta: proxy = True Let's say I want to do: animals = Animal.objects.all() for animal in animals: animal.make_sound() I want to get back a series of Woofs and Meows. Clearly, I could just define a make_sound in the original model that forks based on animal_type, but then every time I add a new animal type (imagine they're in different apps), I'd have to go in and edit that make_sound function. I'd rather just define proxy models and have them define the behavior themselves. From what I can tell, there's no way of returning mixed Cat or Dog instances, but I figured maybe I could define a "get_proxy_model" method on the main class that returns a cat or a dog model. Surely you could do this, and pass something like the primary key and then just do Cat.objects.get(pk = passed_in_primary_key). But that'd mean doing an extra query for data you already have which seems redundant. Is there any way to turn an animal into a cat or a dog instance in an efficient way? What's the right way to do what I want to achieve?

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  • Efficiently generate a 16-character, alphanumeric string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for a very quick way to generate an alphanumeric unique id for a primary key in a table. Would something like this work? def genKey(): hash = hashlib.md5(RANDOM_NUMBER).digest().encode("base64") alnum_hash = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', "", hash) return alnum_hash[:16] What would be a good way to generate random numbers? If I base it on microtime, I have to account for the possibility of several calls of genKey() at the same time from different instances. Or is there a better way to do all this? Thanks.

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  • Is multi-level polymorphism possible in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Jace
    Is it possible to have multi-level polymorphism in SQLAlchemy? Here's an example: class Entity(Base): __tablename__ = 'entities' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) entity_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': entity_type} class File(Entity): __tablename__ = 'files' id = Column(None, ForeignKey('entities.id'), primary_key=True) filepath = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) file_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'file', 'polymorphic_on': file_type) class Image(File): __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'image'} __tablename__ = 'images' id = Column(None, ForeignKey('files.id'), primary_key=True) width = Column(Integer) height = Column(Integer) When I call Base.metadata.create_all(), SQLAlchemy raises the following error: NotImplementedError: Can't generate DDL for the null type IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) entities.entity_type may not be NULL. This error goes away if I remove the Image model and the polymorphic_on key in File. What gives? (Edited: the exception raised was wrong.)

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  • How do I relate two models/tables in Django based on non primary non unique keys?

    - by wizard
    I've got two tables that I need to relate on a single field po_num. The data is imported from another source so while I have a little bit of control over what the tables look like but I can't change them too much. What I want to do is relate these two models so I can look up one from the other based on the po_num fields. What I really need to do is join the two tables so I can do a where on a count of the related table. I would like to do filter for all Order objects that have 0 related EDI856 objects. I tried adding a foreign key to the Order model and specified the db_column and to_fields as po_num but django didn't like that the fact that Edi856.po_num wasn't unique. Here are the important fields of my current models that let me display but not filter for the data that I want. class Edi856(models.Model): po_num = models.CharField(max_length=90, db_index=True ) class Order(models.Model): po_num = models.CharField(max_length=90, db_index=True) def in_edi(self): '''Has the edi been processed?''' return Edi856.objects.filter(po_num = self.po_num).count() Thanks for taking the time to read about my problem. I'm not sure what to do from here.

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  • build an API service in Django

    - by Peter
    Hi all, I want to build an API service using Django. A basic workflow goes like this: First, an http request goes to http://mycompany.com/create.py?id=001&callback=http://callback.com. It will create a folder on the server with name 001. Second, if the folder does not exist, it will be created. You get response immediately in XML format. It will look like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>0</statusCode> <message>Success</message> </status> <group id="001"/> </response> Finally, the server will do its job (i.e. creating the folder). After it is done, the server does a callback to the URL provided. Currently, I use return render_to_response('create.xml', {'statusCode': statusCode, 'statusMessage': statusMessage, 'groupId': groupId, }, mimetype = 'text/xml') to send the XML response back. I have an XML template which has statusCode, statusMessage, groupId placeholders. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>{{ statusCode }}</statusCode> <message>{{ statusMessage }}</message> </status> {% if not statusCode %} <group id="{{ groupId }}"/> {% endif %} </response> But in this way I have to put step 3 before step 2, because otherwise step 3 will not be executed if it is after return statement. Can somebody give me some suggestions how to do this? Thanks.

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  • How do you determine an acceptable response time for App Engine DB requests?

    - by qiq
    According to this discussion of Google App Engine on Hacker News, A DB (read) request takes over 100ms on the datastore. That's insane and unusable for about 90% of applications. How do you determine what is an acceptable response time for a DB read request? I have been using App Engine without noticing any issues with DB responsiveness. But, on the other hand, I'm not sure I would even know what to look for in that regard :)

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  • Error while exiting cherrypy server

    - by Vijayendra Bapte
    Guys, I am getting following error while exiting cherrypy server. What is this error about? 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Error in atexit._run_exitfuncs: 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Traceback (most recent call last): 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "atexit.pyc", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 1486, in shutdown 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 746, in flush 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Error in sys.exitfunc: 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING Traceback (most recent call last): 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "atexit.pyc", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 1486, in shutdown 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING File "logging\__init__.pyc", line 746, in flush 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING IOError 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING : 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor 2009-11-04 09:32:35,015 WARNING

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  • Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

    - by Charles Duffy
    Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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  • What could cause Django to start failing its own tests after an OS and Django reinstall?

    - by Macha
    I had to reinstall my OS, and so, I reinstalled django 1.1. Since reinstalling, when I run tests in my app, I get several failures from django.contrib.auth. Logs: http://dpaste.com/178153/ I asked on #django, and no one is too sure what the cause of the errors are. Some of my own code fails its tests, because it's not fully written yet, but that shouldn't cause django to fail it's core tests... I have included django.contrib.admin, which was mentioned as a possible cause.

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